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Heat pump function
An exhaust air heat pump utilises the heat in the building’s ventilation
air to heat up the dwelling. The ventilation air’s energy is converted to
residential heating in three different circuits. From the outgoing ventilation
air (1), heating energy is recovered from the dwelling and transported to
the heat pump. The heat pump increases the recovered heat’s low
temperature to a high temperature in the refrigerant circuit (2). The heat
is distributed around the house in the heating medium circuit (3).
Ventilation air
The hot air is transferred from the rooms to the heat pump via the house ventilation
system.
The fan then routes the air to the heat pump’s evaporator. Here, the air releases the
heating energy and the air's temperature drops significantly. The cold air is then blown
out of the house.
Refrigerant circuit
A liquid, a refrigerant, circulates in a closed system in the heat pump which also passes
the evaporator. The refrigerant has a very low boiling point. In the evaporator the refri-
gerant receives the heat energy from the ventilation air and starts to boil.
The gas that is produced during boiling is routed into an electrically powered com-
pressor. When the gas is compressed, the pressure increases and the gas’s temper-
ature increases considerably, from approx. 5°C to approx. 80°C.
From the compressor, the gas is forced into a heat exchanger, condenser, where it
releases heat energy to the heat pump’s heating section, whereupon the gas is cooled
and condenses to liquid form again.
As the pressure is still high, the refrigerant can pass an expansion valve, where the
pressure drops so that the refrigerant returns to its original temperature. The refrigerant
has now completed a full cycle. It is routed to the evaporator again and the process
is repeated.
Heat medium circuit
The heat energy that the refrigerant produces in the condenser is retrieved by the
climate system's water, heating medium, which is heated to 35 °C (supply temperat-
ure).
The hot water circulates in a closed system and is pumped out to the radiators/heating
coils of the house.
The heat pump’s integrated water heater is in the heating section. The heating medium
heats the hot water.
9Chapter 2 | The heat pump – the heart of the houseNIBE F470