Nokeval eGate-Kombi-LWUS-RHT-CO2-TVOC-Dust40-DP User manual

ID12118 V25 24.3.2022
Firmware 1.0-1.0
eGate-Kombi-LWUS-RHT-CO2-TVOC-Dust40-DP
eGate-Kombi-LWUS-RHT-Dust40
eGate-Kombi-LWUS-RHT-Dust13
eGate-Kombi-LWUS-RHT-DP
eGate-Kombi-LWUS-RHT
eGate-Kombi-LWUS-RHT-IP42
Manual

2
Contents
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................2
Pictures of variants ..........................................................................................................................................3
Installation .......................................................................................................................................................5
Operation.........................................................................................................................................................7
LoRaWAN settings............................................................................................................................................9
Uplink payload structure............................................................................................................................... 10
Maintenance ................................................................................................................................................. 13
Specifications ................................................................................................................................................ 14
FCC labels ...................................................................................................................................................... 19
Warnings ....................................................................................................................................................... 20
Manufacturer................................................................................................................................................ 20
Declaration of conformity.................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Introduction
The Kombi-LWUS is an economical multi-sensor indoor air quality (IAQ) transmitter series. Depending on
the variant, Kombi-LWUS can measure temperature, humidity, total volatile organic compound (TVOC)
concentration, differential pressure, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, and particulate matter (PM).
Kombi-LWUS uses LoRaWAN for communication with the cloud.
Before using the 915 MHz radio, make sure it is legal in your country.

3
Pictures of variants
-RHT-IP42
-RHT-Dust40 -RHT-Dust13
-RHT-DP -RHT

4

5
Installation
Mounting
Select the installation place so that the air can flow freely on all sides of the transmitter, representing the
air that is to be measured. Avoid heat sources and direct sunlight. Place the device to the measuring
location with one of the following ways:
•Place the Kombi-LWUS on any surface with the bottom facing down.
•Mount the wall holder with two universal countersunk screws (ST 2.5 or ST 3.0). Use applicable
length depending wall material. In the correct orientation, the wall holder has its hooks pointing
upwards. Attach the Kombi-LWUS to the holder.

6
Power supplies
The Kombi-LWUS indicates the powerup by blinking the led next to the micro USB socket.
-RHT-DP, -RHT, -RHT-IP42 variants
These variants are powered with 3 pcs LR6 batteries (AA 1.5 V alkaline). High quality batteries should be
used, for example Energizer EN91.
The device is supplied with batteries already installed, so it is ready to be used.
The Kombi-LWUS can alternatively be powered with an external supply. When an external power supply is
used, the batteries can be omitted or used as a backup supply. Use the micro USB socket to connect an
external supply into the device.
-Dust13, -Dust40, -RHT-CO2-TVOC-Dust40-DP
These variants with PM sensor must be powered with an external supply. Use the micro USB socket to
connect an external supply into the device.
Settings
The Kombi-LWUS works with its default settings and no parameter configuration is normally required.
However, if it is necessary to change the settings of the device, it can be done with Nokeval’s MekuWin
software (available for free at www.nokeval.com). Following procedure should be followed in order to get
access to the settings:
•Connect a micro-USB cable to the connector and the other end of the cable to a computer.
•If Windows requests for a driver, download it at www.nokeval.com > Support, unzip it to a
temporary folder, and show that directory as the location for the driver. If there are problems
during the installation, try pushing the button every 5-15 seconds or keeping it pressed so that
the Kombi-LWUS will not shut down its USB port.
•Launch the MekuWin program.
•In MekuWin, choose the right COM-port form the Ports-menu. If the port is not visible, try
pushing the button on the Kombi-LWUS to wake up the port.
•From the Port settings -menu, choose Protocol = ModbusRTU, Address = 1.
•Click Direct.
•A new window will open for the settings.
The configuration menu includes the following settings:
•Protection
oDescribes password protection status “None”, “Locked”, “Unlocked”.
•Password input/setup
oUnlock protection or change password. See “Protecting the settings” section below for
details.
•Period
oTime between measurements with options from ranging 5 minutes to 6 hours. Default is
15 min.
•LoRaWAN
oIf the Kombi-LWUS is used with the Nokeval cloud platform, the default settings are ok. If
you wish to manually set the LoRaWAN credentials and/or integrate it with your cloud
platform, see “LoRaWAN settings” and “Uplink payload structure” chapters.

7
Protecting the settings
To protect the settings from being easily adjusted, the configuration menu provides a password box. The
password can be formed by using up to 16 characters. From the next MekuWin session, the settings
cannot be adjusted without knowing the password.
If the displayed status is “Locked”, changes will not be saved to the device. Write the correct password in
the “Password input” field and press enter to unlock.
If displayed status is “Unlocked”, the settings and password can be changed and the menu will become
locked again after menu is closed.
Note that the password cannot be reset by the user. If the password is forgotten, the password reset can
only be made by the manufacturer. Please make sure that the password is remembered if changed.
Operation
After the Kombi-LWUS is successfully installed, it operates on its own. However, there are some
considerations that are good to know when using the Kombi-LWUS.
RHT measurement
Temperature is given in °C. Humidity is given in %RH.
TVOC measurement
An auto calibration is necessary for the TVOC sensor. A prolonged exposure to high TVOC concentrations
will affect the baseline of the sensor and the sensor will give incorrect readings until the baseline is
corrected. The auto calibration can work properly only if the Kombi-Sky is exposed to a fresh air at least
some hours after the prolonged exposure. TVOC concentration is given in ppb.
dP measurement
The pressure difference between the outlets is measured using the air flow. The direction of the air flow
determines the sign of the reading. If the outlet in the left-hand side is in higher pressure than the outlet
in the right-hand side, the reading is positive and vice versa. The pressure difference is given in Pa.
CO2 measurement
An auto calibration is necessary for the sensor. Without it, the sensor will drift over time and eventually
give incorrect readings. The auto calibration can work properly only if the Kombi-LWUS is exposed to a
fresh air at least some hours during each week. In practice, the room must be unoccupied, and its
ventilation must be switched on. Concentration is given ppm.
Particle measurement
A small fan sucks air from the opening in the cover. Inside the device the air passes through a laser beam.
The particles will cause a flash when passing the laser, allowing them to be counted and their sizes
(diameter) estimated.
The mass of the particles is estimated by assuming that they have a density of 1.65 g/ml and making
assumptions of their shape. The result is not accurate if the density, shape, or refractive index deviates
significantly from the estimates used in the calibration.

8
Dust13 sensor variants measure PM1, PM2.5 and PM10. The larger Dust40 sensor measures PM1, PM2.5,
PM10 and PM40.
The sensor does not need periodic recalibration. If it appears to have dust deposited inside, compressed
air can be used with extreme care to blow it clean.
Monitor menu
In MekuWin Mon-menu, the measurement readings can be monitored. The sensors are kept continuously
on. The values update at the rate the sensor can produce new readings.
Information about LoRaWAN is also displayed to help with potential connection issues.
Cal menu
The calibration menu settings are only for the manufacturer use. They are not explained in this manual.

9
LoRaWAN settings
Conf menu
Quality
•Unidirectional –uplinks are sent as unconfirmed data with 1 attempt. Acknowledgement is not
requested.
•Bidirectional –uplinks are sent as confirmed data. Acknowledgement is requested, and up to 3
attempts are used if acknowledgement is not received.
DevEUI (readonly) –shows the DevEUI of the device. Note that DevEUI cannot be modified.
LoRaWAN credentials
These should be only changed if manually provisioning the device to your own system.
AppKey, AppSKey, NwkSKey: If set, these are displayed as “***” when the menu is re-opened. They
cannot be read from the device afterwards.
The keys and EUI:s are written as hex symbols 0-9/A-F, 4 bits per symbol.
•OTAA - Activation mode. If toggled on, Over-the-air-activation is used, else Activation by
personalization is used.
•(OTAA mode only) AppEUI –16 hex symbols
•(OTAA mode only) AppKey –32 hex symbols
•(ABP mode only) DevAddr –8 hex symbols
•(ABP mode only) AppSKey - 32 hex symbols
•(ABP mode only) NwkSKey - 32 hex symbols
Other LoRaWAN details
The device always uses Adaptive Data Rate. If it receives no messages from server for 2 subsequent
messages, it will lower data rate by 1 step. Then it will lower the data rate by 1 step after every 2
messages until a message is received or data rate 0 is reached. When the device is connected to server,
the MAC layer controls the data rate.

10
Uplink payload structure
This information is only relevant for integrating the Kombi-LWUS with the customer’s own cloud platform.
Consists of several message types, one message per uplink. All values are LSBF unless otherwise specified.
Terms:
•uint8 = unsigned 8-bit integer
•uint16 = unsigned 16-bit integer
Uplink fPort is 2 by default.
Type 1 –Utility
Bytes
Name
Meaning
1
Type
1: Utility
1
Bit flags
Describes which fields are included in the message.
E.g. 0001 0011 = device type + firmware version + battery.
3
0 –Device type
<0-16777215>, the product number of the device.
2
1 –Firmware ver
<major 0-255> <minor 0-255>
3
2 –Firmware build
<0-16777215> Build number to identify FW version more precisely.
3
3 –Firmware ID
<0-16777215> Firmware identifier, for use with firmware update.
1
4 –Battery info
<number 0-255>, highest bit describes whether the device has
auxiliary power. Other bits:
0-100 = main battery empty/full (1% resolution),
101-121 = reserve battery empty/full (5% resolution),
126 = battery cannot be measured,
127 = no battery attached
2
5 –Calibration date
<0-65535> as days after 1.1.2000; 65535 means unknown
X
6 –Serial number
<symbol> *[1-20], 32-126: Ascii-symbols,
128-227: 2 numbers encoded: ”00”, ”01”, ”02”… ”99”
Type 4: Debug information
Debug information. These messages can be ignored

11
Type 5 –RH+T+VOC+DP+CO2 measurements
Contains first bitflags and then measurement fields based on the bitflags. The bitflags describe which
fields are included; if there’s not a bitflag matching the field number, that field is missing from the
message, so for example RHT variants will only have T and Rh bitflags and values.
Conversion defines the formula to find the measurement result. Range of possible results and step
between possible results (for example with step 0.5 results can be 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 etc) are shown for
information.
Part of the result range is reserved for status/error codes. For example for temperature, uint16 value
65503 means status 3, and not an actual measurement result.
Bytes
Name
Unit
Notes/conversion
Range
Step
1
Type
5: Kombi Rh,T,VOC,CO2,dP
1
Flags
Bit flags, describes which fields are
included in the message.
For example: 0000 0011 = T + Rh.
2
0 - T
oC
Conversion:
<= 65500: (uint16/100) –50
>= 65501: status
-50 .. +605.00
0.01
1
1 - Rh
%
<= 200: uint8/2
>= 201: status
0..100
0.5
2
2 –VOC
ppb
<= 65500: uint16
>= 65501: status
0..65500
1
2
3 –dP
Pa
<= 65500: (uint16/100) –320
>= 65501: status
-320 .. +335.00
0.01
2
4 - CO2
ppm
<= 65500: uint16
>= 65501: status
0..65500
1
Type 6 - PM measurements
Similar to type 5 measurements.
Bytes
Name
Unit
Notes
Range
Step
1
Type
6: PM measurements
1
Flags
Bit flags, describes which fields are
included in the message.
For example: 0000 0111 = PM1 + PM2.5 +
PM10.
2
0 - PM1
µg/m3
Conversion:
<= 65500: uint16 / 100
>= 65501: status
0 .. 655.00
0.01
2
1 - PM2.5
µg/m3
<= 65500: uint16 / 10
>= 65501: status
0 .. 6550.0
0.1
2
2 - PM10
µg/m3
<= 65500: uint16 / 10
>= 65501: status
0 .. 6550.0
0.1
2
3 - PM40
µg/m3
<= 65500: uint16
>= 65501: status
0 .. 65500
1

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Example uplinks
Here are some example uplinks to help clarify how the uplink payloads are structured.
050be51d1ce8ff
•Type: 05 -> measurements type 5
•Bitflags: 0b = 11 = 1+2+8 = flags 0, 1, 3 -> T, Rh and dP included
•T: e51d -> 26.53
•Rh: 1c -> 14
•dP: e8ff -> status 11
01236d500001059c1e
•Type: 01 -> utility type 1
•Bitflags: 0x23 = 35 = 32 + 2 + 1 = flags 0, 1, 5 -> Device type, firmware version, calibration date
•Device type: 6d5000 -> type 20589
•Firmware version: 0105 -> v1.5
•Calibration date: 9c1e -> 7836 days after 1.1.2000

13
Maintenance
Checking the status
Press the button to check the status of the Kombi-LWUS. The led located next to the micro USB socket will
indicate the status:
•If the led blinks green, everything is fine, and the remaining battery capacity is estimated to be
over 20%.
•If the led blinks red, the remaining battery capacity is estimated to be below 20%.
•If the led does not blink at all, the device isn’t working properly.
Replacing the batteries
•Remove the device from the wall holder by pushing it upwards.
•Remove the two PZ1 screws and open the cover.
•Replace the batteries with 3 new LR6 (alkaline AA) batteries observing the polarity. Avoid
touching the electronics.
Cleaning
If there is visible dust inside the device, blow it away with pressurized air while avoiding too strong
pressure. The enclosure exterior can be wiped with a damp cloth, but no drop of liquid must enter the
device.

14
Specifications
Environment
Storage temperature -40…+80°C, without batteries, non-condensing
Operating temperature
With -Dust13: -10...+40°C, non-condensing
With -Dust40: -10...+50°C, non-condensing
Other models: -30...+60°C, non-condensing
Protection class IP20
Enclosure material ABS+PC, white painted (except RHT-IP42)
ASA (RHT-IP42)
Measurements
Weight RHT: 190 g with batteries
RHT-IP42: 460 g with batteries
RHT-DP: 200 g with batteries
RHT-Dust13: 140 g
RHT-Dust40: 260 g
RHT-CO2-TVOC-Dust40-DP: 280 g
Dimensions RHT: 95 x 75 x 47 mm
RHT-IP42: 160 x 121 x 66 mm
RHT-DP: 95 x 75 x 47 mm
RHT-Dust13: 95 x 75 x 47 mm
RHT-Dust40: 95 x 75 x 87 mm
RHT-CO2-TVOC-Dust40-DP: 95 x 75 x 87 mm
Wall mount +1 mm (except RHT-IP42)
Dimensional drawing, -RHT:
Dimensional drawing, -RHT-DP:

15
Dimensional drawing, -RHT-IP42:
Dimensional drawing, -RHT-Dust13:
Dimensional drawing, -RHT-Dust40:

16
Power supply
-RHT-DP, -RHT, -RHT-IP42 variants
Batteries 3 pcs LR6 (AA 1.5 V alkaline). For the estimated battery life, high quality batteries
should be used, e.g. Energizer EN91.
Typical battery life 5 years with 15 minutes transmission interval
External Micro USB type B, 5 ± 0.5 V, max 200 mA, no suspend function
-Dust13, -Dust40, -RHT-CO2-TVOC-Dust40-DP
External Micro USB type B, 5 ± 0.5 V, max 200 mA, no suspend function
Measuring and data transmission
Interval Configurable: 5min / 10min / 15min /20min / 30min / 1h / 2h / 3h / 4h / 6h
Radio LoRa radio technology with Murata ABZ-093 LoRaWAN modem.
Antenna Internal
Frequency band 902-928 MHz (LoRaWAN 1.0.2 US band)
Transmission power Max +20 dBm E.R.P.
Range, line-of-sight Depends on installation location and environment, in good conditions 10 km
Temperature measurement
Sensor High-accuracy semiconductor sensor, Swiss
Measurement range -40…+125°C
Accuracy Typically ±0.1°C (+20...+60 °C)
Humidity measurement
Sensor High-accuracy semiconductor sensor, Swiss
Measurement range 0…100 %RH
Accuracy Typically ±2 %RH (+0…+80°C, 0…100 %RH)
Carbon dioxide concentration
Sensor NDIR sensor
Measurement range 400…5000 ppm
Accuracy Typically ±45 ppm + 3% rdg
Autocalibration Must see fresh air (unoccupied room) once a week

17
Total volatile organic compound concentration
Sensor Semiconductor sensor, Swiss
Measurement range 0.3…30 ppm
Accuracy Typically ±15%
Differential pressure measurement
Sensor High-accuracy flow sensor, Swiss
Measurement range -125…+125 Pa
Accuracy Typically ±0.08 Pa + 3% rdg

18
PM0413 measurement
Measurement range 0…1.2 million particles per litre (up to 10,000 particles per second)
Particle sizes 0.4…12.4 µm
Particle type For max accuracy, assumed to be spherical, density 1.65 g/ml, refractive index 1.5
Values measured PM1, PM2.5, PM10
PM10 range 1…6550 µg/m3
PM0440 measurement
Measurement range 0…2.8 million particles per litre (up to 10,000 particles per second)
Particle sizes 0.4…40 µm
Particle type For max accuracy, assumed to be spherical, density 1.65 g/ml, refractive index 1.5
Values measured PM1, PM2.5, PM10, non-standard PM40
PM10 range 1…6550 µg/m3
EMC note The sensor may malfunction when subjected to intense radio frequency fields (>2V/m
below 300MHz). The sensor recovers automatically after the RF disturbance ends.

19
FCC labels
FCC ID: 2A3B4KOMBI1
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device,
pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may
cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful
interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off
and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following
measures:
•Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
•Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
•Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is
connected.
•Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
FCC CAUTION
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void
the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
This transmitter must not be co-located or operated in conjunction with any other antenna or
transmitter.
This equipment complies with FCC/IC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled
environment and meets the FCC radio frequency (RF) Exposure Guidelines and RSS-102 of the IC radio
frequency (RF) Exposure rules. This equipment should be installed and operated keeping the radiator
at least 20cm or more away from person’s body.

20
Warnings
The device must not be disposed in household waste. Observe local regulations concerning
the disposal of electrical waste. The device may contain a battery.
.
Manufacturer
Nokeval Oy
Rounionkatu 107
FI-37150 Nokia
Phone [phone] (Mon-Fri 8:30-16:00 EET)
WWW http://www.nokeval.com/
Email [email protected]