Nomadix HotSpot User manual

Copyright © 2005 Nomadix, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
This product also includes software developed by: The University of California,
Berkeley and its contributors; Carnegie Mellon University, Copyright © 1998 by
Carnegie Mellon University All Rights Reserved; Go Ahead Software, Inc.,
Copyright © 1999 Go Ahead Software, Inc. All Rights Reserved; Livingston
Enterprises, Inc., Copyright © 1992 Livingston Enterprises, Inc. All Rights
Reserved; The Regents of the University of Michigan and Merit Network, Inc.,
Copyright 1992 – 1995 All Rights Reserved; and includes source code covered by
the Mozilla Public License, Version 1.0 and OpenSSL.
HotSpot Gateway

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Trademarks
The symbol, , and Nomadix Service Engine™ are
trademarks of Nomadix, Inc. All other trademarks and brand names are marks of their
respective holders.
Patent Information
Covered by one or more of the following U.S. and foreign patents: US6,789,110,
US6,636,894-B1, US6,130,892, US6,868,399, US6,857,009, AU740,112,
EP1,224,788, EP1,282,955, EP1,222,791, DE600,11,799,5-08, MX222,100 Based on
PCT/US98/04781, NZ337,772, SG88,575, SG88,483, SG93,120, SG88,465,
ZL00,815,827.4
Product Information
Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
See also “Appendix A: Technical Support” on page 311.
This User’s Guide is protected by U.S. copyright laws. You may not transmit, copy,
modify, or translate this manual, or reduce it or any part of it to any machine readable
form, without the express permission of the copyright holder.
DISCLAIMER
Nomadix, Inc. makes no warranty, either express or implied, including but not limited
to any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose,
regarding the product described herein. In no event shall Nomadix, Inc. be liable to
anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection
with or arising from the use of Nomadix, Inc. products.
Write your product serial number in this box:
S/N

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NOTIFICATIONS
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B
digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation.
This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not
installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference
to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not
occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to
radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off
and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the
following measures:
zReorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
zIncrease the separation between the equipment and receiver.
zConnect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which
the receiver is connected.
zConsult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the user's
authority to operated the equipment under FCC rules.
This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference-
Causing Equipment Regulations.
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du Réglement sur
le matériel brouilleur du Canada.

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WARNING
Risk of electric shock; do not open; no user-
serviceable parts inside.
AVERTISSEMENT
Risque de choc electrique; ne pas ouvrir; ne pas
tenter de demontre l’appareil.
WARNUNG
Nicht öffnen; elektrische Bauteile.
AVISO
Riesgo de shock eléctrico. No abrir. No hay piezas
configurables dentro.
CAUTION
Read the instruction manual prior to operation.
ATTENTION
Lire le mode d’emploi avant utilisation.
ACHTUNG
Lesen Sie das Handbuch bevor Sie das Gerät in
Betrieb nehmen.
PRECAUCIÓN
Leer el manual de instrucciones antes de poner en
marcha el equipo.
1100 Business Center Circle, Suite 100 Newbury Park, CA 91320, USA (head office)

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Table of Contents i
Table of Contents
Introduction .........................................................................................................1
About this User’s Guide............................................................................................. 1
Organization............................................................................................................... 1
Welcome to the Nomadix HotSpot Gateway ............................................................. 2
Product Configuration and Licensing................................................................. 3
Key Features and Benefits.......................................................................................... 4
Platform Reliability............................................................................................. 4
Local Content and Services................................................................................. 5
Transparent Connectivity.................................................................................... 5
Billing Enablement.............................................................................................. 6
Access Control and Authentication..................................................................... 6
Security................................................................................................................ 7
5-Step Service Branding...................................................................................... 7
NSE Core Functionality ............................................................................................. 8
Access Control..................................................................................................... 9
Bandwidth Management...................................................................................... 9
Bridge Mode...................................................................................................... 10
Command Line Interface................................................................................... 10
Dynamic Address Translation™....................................................................... 10
Dynamic Transparent Proxy............................................................................. 10
End User Licensee Count.................................................................................. 11
External Web Server Mode ............................................................................... 11
Home Page Redirect.......................................................................................... 11
iNAT™ .............................................................................................................. 12
Information and Control Console..................................................................... 13
Internal Web Server .......................................................................................... 13
International Language Support....................................................................... 14
IP Upsell............................................................................................................ 14
Logout Pop-Up Window.................................................................................... 14
MAC Filtering................................................................................................... 15
Multi-Level Administration Support.................................................................. 15
NTP Support...................................................................................................... 15
Portal Page Redirect......................................................................................... 15
Port Mapping .................................................................................................... 16
RADIUS-driven Auto Configuration................................................................. 16
RADIUS Client.................................................................................................. 16
RADIUS Proxy .................................................................................................. 17
Remember Me and RADIUS Re-Authentication................................................ 17
Secure Management.......................................................................................... 18

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ii Table of Contents
Secure Socket Layer (SSL)................................................................................. 19
Secure XML API................................................................................................. 19
Session Rate Limiting (SRL) .............................................................................. 20
Session Termination Redirect ............................................................................ 20
Smart Client Support.......................................................................................... 20
SNMP Nomadix Private MIB............................................................................. 20
Tri-Mode Authentication.................................................................................... 21
URL Filtering..................................................................................................... 21
Walled Garden................................................................................................... 21
Web Management Interface ............................................................................... 21
Optional NSE Modules ............................................................................................. 22
Credit Card Module........................................................................................... 22
Wholesale Roaming Module .............................................................................. 22
High Availability Module................................................................................... 22
Optional Standalone Applications............................................................................. 23
Meeting Room Scheduler (MRS)........................................................................ 23
Network Architecture (Sample) ................................................................................ 24
Product Specifications............................................................................................... 25
Online Help (WebHelp) ............................................................................................ 26
Notes, Cautions, and Warnings................................................................................. 27
Chapter 1: Installing the HSG......................................................................... 29
Unpacking the HSG .................................................................................................. 30
Installation Workflow ............................................................................................... 31
Powering Up the System........................................................................................... 32
Logging In to the Command Line Interface.............................................................. 33
The Management Interfaces (CLI and Web)............................................................. 35
Making Menu Selections and Inputting Data with the CLI ............................... 35
Menu Organization (Web Management Interface)............................................ 36
Inputting Data – Maximum Character Lengths................................................. 38
Online Documentation and Help ....................................................................... 39
Quick Reference Guide............................................................................................. 40
Establishing the Start Up Configuration ................................................................... 40
Assigning Login User Names and Passwords.................................................... 42
Setting the SNMP Parameters (optional)........................................................... 43
Enabling the Logging Options (recommended)................................................. 44
Assigning the Location Information and IP Addresses...................................... 47
Logging Out and Powering Down the System.......................................................... 50
Connecting the HSG to the Customer’s Network..................................................... 51
Establishing the Basic Configuration for Subscribers............................................... 52
Setting the DHCP Options................................................................................. 52
Setting the DNS Options .................................................................................... 54

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Table of Contents iii
Archiving Your Configuration Settings ................................................................... 56
Installing the Nomadix Private MIB ........................................................................ 56
Chapter 2: System Administration.................................................................. 57
Choosing a Remote Connection............................................................................... 57
Using the Web Management Interface (WMI) .................................................. 58
Using an SNMP Manager................................................................................. 59
Using a Telnet Client......................................................................................... 59
Logging In................................................................................................................ 60
About Your Product License.................................................................................... 60
Configuration Menu ................................................................................................. 60
Defining the AAA Services {AAA}..................................................................... 60
Enabling AAA Services with the Internal Web Server............................... 65
Enabling AAA Services with an External Web Server............................... 69
Establishing Secure Administration {Access Control} ..................................... 70
Defining Automatic Configuration Settings {Auto Configuration}................... 73
Enabling Auto Configuration..................................................................... 74
Setting Up Bandwidth Management {Bandwidth Management}...................... 77
Establishing Billing Records “Mirroring” {Bill Record Mirroring} ............... 78
Managing the DHCP Service Options {DHCP}............................................... 80
Managing the DNS Options {DNS}................................................................... 84
Configuring Dynamic DNS {Dynamic DNS}.................................................... 86
GRE Tunneling {Gre Tunneling}...................................................................... 88
Setting the Home Page Redirection Options {Home Page Redirect}............... 89
Enabling Intelligent Address Translation (iNAT)............................................. 91
Defining IPSec Tunnel Settings {IPSec} ........................................................... 92
IPSec Tunnel Peers.................................................................................... 93
IPSec Tunnel Security Policies.................................................................. 95
Establishing Your Location {Location} ............................................................ 98
Managing the System and Billing Log Options {Logging}............................. 101
Enabling the Meeting Room Scheduler {Meeting Room Scheduler}.............. 106
Assigning Passthrough Addresses {Passthrough Addresses}......................... 107
Setting Up Port Locations {Port-Location}.................................................... 109
In Room Port Mapping ............................................................................ 113
Defining the RADIUS Client Settings {RADIUS Client}................................. 115
Miscellaneous Options............................................................................. 117
Defining the RADIUS Proxy Settings {RADIUS Proxy}................................. 118
Adding an Upstream RADIUS NAS......................................................... 119
Defining the Realm-Based Routing Settings {Realm-Based Routing}............ 121
Adding a RADIUS Service Profile........................................................... 122
Adding a Realm Routing Policy............................................................... 125
Managing SMTP Redirection {SMTP}............................................................ 127
Managing the SNMP Communities {SNMP} .................................................. 128

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iv Table of Contents
Enabling Dynamic Multiple Subnet Support (Subnets) ................................... 130
Displaying Your Configuration Settings {Summary}....................................... 132
Setting the System Date and Time {Time}........................................................ 133
Setting Up URL Filtering {URL Filtering}...................................................... 135
Enabling Secure Management {VPN Tunnel} ................................................. 136
Network Info Menu................................................................................................. 138
Displaying ARP Table Entries {ARP}.............................................................. 138
Displaying DAT Sessions {DAT} ..................................................................... 139
Displaying the Host Table {Hosts} .................................................................. 140
Displaying ICMP Statistics {ICMP}................................................................ 141
Displaying the Network Interfaces {Interfaces}............................................... 142
Displaying the IP Statistics {IP}...................................................................... 143
Viewing IPSec Tunnel Status {IPSec}.............................................................. 143
Displaying the Routing Tables {Routing}........................................................ 144
Displaying the Active IP Connections {Sockets}............................................. 145
Displaying the Static Port Mapping Table {Static Port-Mapping} ................. 146
Displaying TCP Statistics {TCP}..................................................................... 147
Displaying UDP Statistics {UDP}................................................................... 148
Port-Location Menu ................................................................................................ 149
Adding and Updating Port-Location Assignments {Add}................................ 150
Adding a Port-Location Assignment......................................................... 150
Updating a Port-Location Assignment ..................................................... 152
Deleting All Port-Location Assignments {Delete All} ..................................... 153
Deleting Port-Location Assignments by Location {Delete by Location}......... 154
Deleting Port-Location Assignments by Port {Delete by Port}....................... 155
Exporting Port-Location Assignments {Export}.............................................. 156
Finding Port-Location Assignments by Description {Find by Description} ... 157
Finding Port-Location Assignments by Location {Find by Location}............. 159
Finding Port-Location Assignments by Port {Find by Port}........................... 161
Importing Port-Location Assignments {Import}.............................................. 162
Viewing the “location.txt” File ................................................................ 163
Creating a “location.txt” File .................................................................. 164
Displaying the Port-Location Mappings {List} ............................................... 165
Subscriber Administration Menu ............................................................................ 166
Adding Subscriber Profiles {Add}.................................................................... 166
Displaying Current Subscriber Connections {Current} .................................. 169
Deleting Subscriber Profiles by MAC Address {Delete by MAC}................... 170
Deleting Subscriber Profiles by User Name {Delete by User}........................ 171
Displaying the Currently Allocated DHCP Leases {DHCP Leases}............... 172
Deleting All Expired Subscriber Profiles {Expired}........................................ 173
Finding Subscriber Profiles by MAC Address {Find by MAC}....................... 174
Finding Subscriber Profiles by User Name {Find by User}............................ 175
Listing Subscriber Profiles by MAC Address {List by MAC}.......................... 176
Listing Subscriber Profiles by User Name {List by User}............................... 177

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Table of Contents v
Viewing RADIUS Proxy Accounting History {RADIUS Session History}...... 178
Displaying Current Profiles and Connections {Statistics} ............................. 179
Subscriber Interface Menu ..................................................................................... 180
Defining the Billing Options {Billing Options}............................................... 180
Duration-based Billing Plans .................................................................. 180
Setting Up a “Normal” Billing Plan........................................................ 185
Setting Up an X over Y Billing Plan ........................................................ 187
Setting Up the Information and Control Console {ICC Setup}....................... 188
Assigning Buttons..................................................................................... 191
Assigning Banners.................................................................................... 192
Pixel Sizes ................................................................................................ 194
Time Formats........................................................................................... 194
Defining Languages {Language Support} ...................................................... 195
Enabling Local Web Serving {Local Web Server}.......................................... 197
Defining the Subscriber’s Login UI {Login UI} ............................................. 199
Subscriber Login Screen (Sample)........................................................... 203
Defining the Post Session User Interface (Post Session UI)........................... 204
Defining Subscriber UI Buttons {Subscriber Buttons} ................................... 207
Defining Subscriber UI Labels {Subscriber Labels} ...................................... 208
Defining Subscriber Error Messages {Subscriber Errors}............................. 210
Defining Subscriber Messages {Subscriber Messages}.................................. 212
System Menu.......................................................................................................... 216
Adding an ARP Table Entry {ARP Add}......................................................... 216
Deleting an ARP Table Entry {ARP Delete}................................................... 217
Enabling the Bridge Mode Option {Bridge Mode}......................................... 218
Exporting Configuration Settings to the Archive File {Export}...................... 219
Importing the Factory Defaults {Factory}...................................................... 220
Defining the Fail Over Options {Fail Over}................................................... 221
Viewing the History Log {History} ................................................................. 223
Establishing ICMP Blocking Parameters {ICMP}......................................... 225
Importing Configuration Settings from the Archive File {Import}................. 226
Establishing Login Access Levels {Login}...................................................... 227
Defining the MAC Filtering Options {Mac Filtering}.................................... 230
Rebooting the System {Reboot}....................................................................... 231
Adding a Route {Route Add}........................................................................... 232
Deleting a Route {Route Delete}..................................................................... 233
Establishing Session Rate Limiting {Session Limit} ....................................... 234
Adding Static Ports {Static Port-Mapping Add}............................................. 235
Deleting Static Ports {Static Port-Mapping Delete}....................................... 237
Changing the Function of the Serial Port {Serial} ......................................... 238
Blocking a Subscriber Interface {Subscriber Interfaces} ............................... 239
Updating the HSG Firmware {Upgrade}........................................................ 239

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vi Table of Contents
Chapter 3: The Subscriber Interface ............................................................ 245
Overview................................................................................................................. 245
Authorization and Billing........................................................................................ 246
The AAA Structure ........................................................................................... 248
Process Flow (AAA)......................................................................................... 250
Internal and External Web Servers.................................................................. 251
Language Support............................................................................................ 251
Home Page Redirection ................................................................................... 251
Subscriber Management.......................................................................................... 252
Information and Control Console (ICC) ................................................................. 254
ICC Pop-Up Window ....................................................................................... 254
Logout Console ................................................................................................ 255
Chapter 4: Quick Reference Guide............................................................... 257
Web Management Interface (WMI) Menus............................................................ 257
Configuration Menu Items ............................................................................... 258
Network Info Menu Items................................................................................. 260
Port-Location Menu Items............................................................................... 261
Subscriber Administration Menu Items............................................................ 262
Subscriber Interface Menu Items..................................................................... 263
System Menu Items........................................................................................... 264
Alphabetical Listing of Menu Items (WMI) ........................................................... 266
Default (Factory) Configuration Settings................................................................ 268
Product Specifications............................................................................................. 270
Sample AAA Log.................................................................................................... 272
Sample SYSLOG Report ........................................................................................ 274
Sample History Log ................................................................................................ 274
Keyboard Shortcuts................................................................................................. 275
HyperTerminal Settings .......................................................................................... 275
RADIUS Attributes................................................................................................. 276
Authentication-Request.................................................................................... 277
Authentication-Reply (Accept)......................................................................... 278
Accounting-Request ......................................................................................... 279
Selected Detailed Descriptions........................................................................ 280
Nomadix Vendor Specific Attributes................................................................ 282
Setting Up the SSL Feature..................................................................................... 283
Prerequisites .................................................................................................... 283
Obtain a Private Key File (cakey.pem)............................................................ 284
Installing Cygwin and OpenSSL on a PC........................................................ 285
Private Key Generation ................................................................................... 290
Create a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) File............................................. 293
Create a Public Key File (server.pem) ............................................................ 295
Setting Up HSG for SSL Secure Login............................................................. 299

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Table of Contents vii
Setting Up the Portal Page.............................................................................. 299
Mirroring Billing Records...................................................................................... 300
Sending Billing Records.................................................................................. 300
XML Interface ................................................................................................. 301
XML for the External Server.................................................................... 301
HSG to External Server: .......................................................................... 301
Example of a Negative Acknowledgement:.............................................. 303
Format for each Field:............................................................................. 303
Chapter 5: Troubleshooting........................................................................... 305
General Hints and Tips........................................................................................... 305
Management Interface Error Messages.................................................................. 306
Common Problems................................................................................................. 308
Appendix A: Technical Support .................................................................... 311
Contact Information ............................................................................................... 312
Appendix B: Addendum................................................................................. 313
PPPoE Client.......................................................................................................... 313
L2TP Tunneling ..................................................................................................... 317
Define RADIUS Service Profiles..................................................................... 317
Define Tunnel Profiles .................................................................................... 319
Define Realm Routing Policies ....................................................................... 320
Configure RADIUS Client............................................................................... 323
Local Syslog and Syslog Filters............................................................................. 324
Glossary of Terms ...........................................................................................327
Index .................................................................................................................343

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Introduction 1
Introduction
About this User’s Guide
This User’s Guide provides information and procedures that will enable system
administrators to install, configure, manage, and use the Nomadix HotSpot Gateway
(HSG) product successfully and efficiently. Use this guide to take full advantage of
the HSG’s functionality and features.
Organization
This User’s Guide is organized into the following chapters:
Chapter 1 – Installing the HSG. This chapter provides instructions for installing the
HSG and establishing the start-up configuration.
Chapter 2 – System Administration. This chapter provides all the instructions and
procedures necessary to manage and administer the HSG on the customer’s network,
following a successful installation.
Chapter 3 – The Subscriber Interface. This chapter provides an overview and sample
scenario for the HSG’s subscriber interface. It also includes an outline of the
authorization and billing processes utilized by the system, and the Nomadix
Information and Control Console.
Chapter 4 – Quick Reference Guide. This chapter contains product reference
information, organized by topic and functionality. It also contains a full listing of all
product configuration elements, sorted alphabetically and by menu.
Chapter 5 – Troubleshooting. This chapter provides information to help you resolve
common hardware and software problems. It also contains a list of error messages
associated with the management interface.
Appendix A: Technical Support. Technical Support informs you how to obtain
technical support. You should refer to the troubleshooting procedures contained in
Troubleshooting before contacting Nomadix, Inc. directly.
Appendix B: Addendum.The Addendum provides information and procedures that
will enable system administrators to configure and use the specific features
introduced in the 1.3 Maintenance, 1.3 M+ and 1.4 releases for the Nomadix HotSpot
Gateway (HSG).

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2 Introduction
Glossary of Terms. The glossary provides an explanation of terms directly related to
Nomadix product technology. Glossary entries are organized alphabetically.
Index. The index is a valuable information search tool. Use the index to locate specific
topics and categories contained in this User’s Guide.
Welcome to the Nomadix HotSpot Gateway
The Nomadix HotSpot Gateway (HSG) is a freestanding, fully featured network
appliance that enables public access service providers to offer broadband Internet
connectivity to their customers.
The HSG employs one fast Ethernet port to interface with a router (network side) and
two fast Ethernet Switch ports to interface with aggregation equipment (subscriber
side) within the network. The HSG allows users to transparently move between
different networks while retaining one billing relationship with their chosen service
provider. Supporting all user types and any access method (wired or wireless), the
HSG provides an unequalled public-LAN access solution.
Nomadix HotSpot Gateway (HSG)

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Introduction 3
Product Configuration and Licensing
All Nomadix Access Gateway products, including the HSG, are powered by our
patented and patent-pending suite of embedded software, called the Nomadix Service
Engine™ (NSE). The HSG employs our NSE core software package with the option
to purchase additional modules to expand the product’s functionality.
This User’s Guide covers all features and functionality provided with the NSE core
package, as well as the additional optional modules. Your product license must
support the optional NSE modules if you want to take advantage of the expanded
functionality. The following note will preface procedures that directly relate to
optional modules:
See also:
z“NSE Core Functionality” on page 8.
z“Optional NSE Modules” on page 22.
Your product license may not support this feature.

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4 Introduction
Key Features and Benefits
The HSG addresses the specific needs of the public access HotSpot, making it an
excellent choice for mid-sized venue deployments. The HSG supports up to 50
simultaneous users, with the option to purchase two additional 50 count upgrades of
50 users per upgrade for a maximum of 150 simultaneous users.
The HSG enables a wide variety of network deployment options for different venue
types. For example:
zAllows for flexible WAN Connectivity (T1/E1, Cable, xDSL, and ISDN).
zSupports 802.11a/b/g and hybrid networks utilizing wired Ethernet.
zSupports key requirements needed to be compliant with the Wi-Fi ZONE™
program.
zAllows you to segment your existing network into public and private
sections using VLANs, then leverage your existing network investment to
create new revenue streams.
zEnables you to provide Wi-Fi access as a billable service or as an amenity to
augment the main line of business for your venue.
zThe HSG contains an advanced XML interface for accepting and processing
XML commands, allowing the implementation of a variety of service plans
and offerings.
zOffers three user-friendly ways of remote management—through a Web
interface, SNMP MIBs, and Telnet interfaces—allowing for scalable, large
public access deployments.
Platform Reliability
The HSG is designed as a network appliance, providing maximum uptime and
reliability unlike competitive offerings that use a server-based platform.

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Introduction 5
Local Content and Services
The HSG’s Portal Page feature intercepts the user’s browser settings and directs them
to a designated Web site to securely sign up for service or log in if they have a pre-
existing account.
zAllows the provider or HotSpot owner to present their customers with local
services or have the user sign up for service at zero expense.
zOffers both pre and post authentication redirects of the user’s browser,
providing maximum flexibility in branding for both the service provider and
HotSpot owner.
Transparent Connectivity
Resolving configuration conflicts is difficult and time consuming for network users
who are constantly on the move, and costly to the solution provider. In fact, most
users are reluctant to make changes to their computer’s network settings and won’t
even bother. This fact alone has prevented the widespread deployment of broadband
network services.
Our patented Dynamic Address Translation™ (DAT) functionality offers a true “plug
and play” solution by enabling a seamless and transparent experience and the tools to
acquire new customers on-site.
DAT greatly reduces provisioning and technical support costs and enables HotSpot
owners and providers to deliver an easy to use, customer-friendly service.

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6 Introduction
Billing Enablement
The HSG supports billing plans using credit cards, scratch cards, or monthly
subscriptions, and can base the billable event on a number of different parameters
such as time, volume, IP address type, or bandwidth.
Access Control and Authentication
The HSG ensures that all traffic to the Internet is blocked until authentication has been
completed, creating an additional level of security in the network. Also, allows
HotSpot operators to create their own unique “walled garden,” enabling users to
access only certain predetermined Web sites before they have been authenticated.
Nomadix simultaneously supports the secure browser-based Universal Access
Method (UAM), IEEE 802.1x, and Smart Clients for companies such as Adjungo
Networks, Boingo Wireless, GRIC and iPass.