Novell GROUPWISE 7 - SECURITY POLICIES User manual

Security Administration
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Security Administration
Chapter 70, “GroupWise Passwords,” on page 1111
Chapter 71, “Encryption and Certificates,” on page 1117
Chapter 72, “LDAP Directories,” on page 1127
Chapter 73, “Message Security,” on page 1131
Chapter 74, “Address Book Security,” on page 1133
Chapter 75, “GroupWise Administrator Rights,” on page 1135
Chapter 76, “GroupWise Agent Rights,” on page 1147
Chapter 77, “GroupWise User Rights,” on page 1149
Chapter 78, “Spam Protection,” on page 1155
Chapter 79, “Virus Protection,” on page 1157
See also Part XVI, “Security Policies,” on page 1159.

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GroupWise Passwords
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70
GroupWise Passwords
Access to GroupWise®mailboxes is protected by post office security settings or GroupWise
passwords. Agent passwords grant access to remote servers and to Novell®eDirectoryTM, and
protect access to GroupWise agent status information.
Section 70.1, “Mailbox Passwords,” on page 1111
Section 70.2, “Agent Passwords,” on page 1115
See also Part XVI, “Security Policies,” on page 1159.
70.1 Mailbox Passwords
When you are setting up a new GroupWise system, you need to determine what kind of password
protection you want to have on users’ GroupWise mailboxes before users start running GroupWise.
In ConsoleOne®, you can choose where password information is obtained when users log in to
GroupWise and you can set defaults under Client Options to enforce your choices. You and
GroupWise client users should keep in mind that GroupWise passwords are case sensitive.
Section 70.1.1, “Using Post Office Security Instead of GroupWise Passwords,” on page 1111
Section 70.1.2, “Requiring GroupWise Passwords,” on page 1112
Section 70.1.3, “Managing GroupWise Passwords,” on page 1112
Section 70.1.4, “Using LDAP Passwords Instead of GroupWise Passwords,” on page 1114
Section 70.1.5, “Bypassing Mailbox Passwords to Respond to Corporate Mandates,” on
page 1114
70.1.1 Using Post Office Security Instead of GroupWise
Passwords
When you create a new post office, you must select a security level for it.
If you select Low Security for the post office, users are not required to set passwords on their
GroupWise mailboxes. However, passwordless mailboxes are completely unprotected from other
users who know how to use the @u-user_ID startup switch.
If you select High Security for the post office, users are still not required to set passwords on their
GroupWise mailboxes, but they are required to be successfully logged in to a network before they
can access their own passwordless mailboxes. Users cannot access other users’ passwordless
mailboxes.
After you select High Security, you can further enhance post office security by requiring specific
types of authentication before users can access their passwordless GroupWise mailboxes. You can
require eDirectory authentication so that users must be logged into eDirectory before they can
access their passwordless GroupWise mailboxes.
In spite of these passwordless solutions to GroupWise mailbox security, users are always free to set
their own GroupWise passwords on their mailboxes. When they do, the post office security settings
no longer apply (except for LDAP authentication as discussed below) and users are regularly faced

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with both logins unless some additional password options are selected for them, as described in the
following sections.
70.1.2 Requiring GroupWise Passwords
Users are required to set passwords on their GroupWise mailboxes if they want to access their
GroupWise mailboxes in any of the following ways:
Using Caching mode or Remote mode in the GroupWise Windows client
Using Caching mode in the GroupWise Cross-Platform client
Using their Web browsers and the GroupWise WebAccess client
Using an IMAP e-mail client
Accessing a GroupWise mailbox as an external entity rather than as an eDirectory user
70.1.3 Managing GroupWise Passwords
When GroupWise passwords are in use in addition to network passwords, there are a variety of
things you can do to make GroupWise password management easier for your and to make the
additional GroupWise password essentially transparent for your GroupWise users.
“Establishing a Default GroupWise Password for New Accounts” on page 1112
“Accepting eDirectory Authentication Instead of GroupWise Passwords” on page 1112
“Using Novell SecureLogin to Handle GroupWise Passwords” on page 1113
“Allowing Windows to Cache GroupWise Passwords” on page 1113
“Using Intruder Detection” on page 1113
“Resetting GroupWise Passwords” on page 1113
“Synchronizing GroupWise Passwords and LDAP Passwords” on page 1114
NOTE: A GroupWise password can contain as many as 64 characters and can contain any typeable
characters.
Establishing a Default GroupWise Password for New Accounts
If you want to require users to have GroupWise passwords on their mailboxes, you can establish the
initial passwords when you create the GroupWise accounts. In ConsoleOne, you can establish a
default mailbox password to use automatically on all new GroupWise accounts, as described in
Section 13.1, “Establishing a Default Password for All New GroupWise Accounts,” on page 203. Or
you can set the password on each new GroupWise account as you create it.
Keep in mind that some situations require users to have passwords on their GroupWise mailboxes,
as listed in Section 70.1.2, “Requiring GroupWise Passwords,” on page 1112.
Accepting eDirectory Authentication Instead of GroupWise Passwords
When you create users in eDirectory, you typically assign them network passwords and users must
provide those passwords when they log in to the network. If you want to make GroupWise mailbox
access easy for client users, you can select Allow eDirectory Authentication Instead of Password
(ConsoleOne > Tools > GroupWise Utilities > Client Options > Password). This allows GroupWise

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users to select No Password Required with eDirectory (Windows client > Tools > Security >
Password).
NOTE: This option is not available in the Cross-Platform client or the WebAccess client.
As long as users who select this option are logged into eDirectory as part of their network login, they
are not prompted by GroupWise for a password when they access their GroupWise mailboxes. If
they are not logged in to eDirectory, they must provide their GroupWise passwords in order to
access their GroupWise mailboxes.
Using Novell SecureLogin to Handle GroupWise Passwords
If users have Novell SecureLogin installed on their workstations, you can select Enable Single Sign-
On (ConsoleOne > Tools > GroupWise Utilities > Client Options > Security > Password). This
allows GroupWise users to select Use Single Sign-On (Windows client > Tools > Security >
Password). Users need to provide their GroupWise mailbox password only once and thereafter
SecureLogin provides it for them as long as they are logged in to eDirectory.
NOTE: This option is not available in the Cross-Platform client or the WebAccess client.
Allowing Windows to Cache GroupWise Passwords
If you want to allow password information to be stored on Windows workstations, you can select
Allow Password Caching (ConsoleOne > Tools > GroupWise Utilities > Client Options > Security
> Password). This allows GroupWise users to select Remember My Password (Windows client >
Tools > Security > Password). Users need to provide their GroupWise mailbox passwords only once
and thereafter Windows provides them automatically.
NOTE: This option is not available in the Cross-Platform client or the WebAccess client.
Using Intruder Detection
Intruder detection identifies system break-in attempts in the form of repeated unsuccessful logins. If
someone cannot provide a valid username and password combination within a reasonable time, then
that person probably does not belong in your GroupWise system.
Intruder detection for the GroupWise Windows client and Cross-Platform client is performed by the
POA and is configurable. You can set the number of failed login attempts before lockout, the length
of the lockout, and so on. If a user is locked out, you can re-enable his or her account in ConsoleOne.
See Section 36.3.5, “Enabling Intruder Detection,” on page 506.
Intruder detection for the GroupWise WebAccess client is built in and is not configurable. After five
failed login attempts, the user is locked out for 10 minutes. If a user is locked out, the user must wait
for the lockout period to end (unless you want to restart the WebAccess Agent).
Resetting GroupWise Passwords
In ConsoleOne, you can remove a user’s password from his or her mailbox if the password has been
forgotten and needs to be reset (User object > Tools > GroupWise Utilities > Client Options >
Security > Password). If necessary, you can remove the passwords from all mailboxes in a post
office (Post Office object > Tools > Mailbox/Library Maintenance > Reset Client Options) This
resets all or users’ client options settings, not just the passwords.

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It is easy for GroupWise users to reset their own passwords (Windows or Cross-Platform client >
Tools > Options > Security > Password). However, if this method is used when users are in Caching
or Remote mode, this changes the password on the local Caching or Remote mailboxes, but does not
change the password on the Online mailboxes. To change the Online mailbox password while in
Caching or Remote mode, users must use a method they might not be familiar with (Windows client
> Accounts > Account Options > Novell GroupWise Account > Properties > Advanced > Online
Mailbox Password).
It is also easy for WebAccess users to reset their own passwords (WebAccess client > Options >
Password). However, you might not want users to be able to reset their GroupWise passwords from
Web browsers. In ConsoleOne, you can prevent WebAccess client users from resetting their
GroupWise passwords (ConsoleOne > GroupWiseWebAccess object > Application > Settings).
Windows and Cross-Platform client users cannot be prevented from changing their GroupWise
passwords.
Synchronizing GroupWise Passwords and LDAP Passwords
There is no automatic procedure for synchronizing GroupWise passwords and eDirectory
passwords. However, if you use LDAP authentication, synchronization becomes a moot point
because GroupWise users are authenticated through an LDAP directory (such as eDirectory) rather
than by using GroupWise passwords. See Section 70.1.4, “Using LDAP Passwords Instead of
GroupWise Passwords,” on page 1114.
70.1.4 Using LDAP Passwords Instead of GroupWise
Passwords
Instead of using GroupWise passwords, users’ password information can be validated using an
LDAP directory. In order for users to use their LDAP passwords to access their GroupWise
mailboxes, you must define one or more LDAP servers in your GroupWise system and configure the
POA for each post office to perform LDAP authentication, as described in Section 36.3.4,
“Providing LDAP Authentication for GroupWise Users,” on page 501.
When LDAP authentication is enabled, you can control whether users can use the GroupWise client
to change their LDAP passwords (ConsoleOne> Post Office object > GroupWise > Security). If you
allow them to, GroupWise users can change their passwords through the Security Options dialog
box (Windows and Cross-Platform client > Tools > Options > Security) or on the Passwords page
(GroupWise WebAccess client > Options > Password). If you do not allow them to change their
LDAP passwords in the GroupWise client, users must use a different application in order to change
their LDAP passwords.
You and users can use some of the same methods to bypass LDAP passwords as you can use for
bypassing GroupWise passwords. See “Accepting eDirectory Authentication Instead of GroupWise
Passwords” on page 1112 and “Allowing Windows to Cache GroupWise Passwords” on page 1113.
For more information about LDAP passwords, see Section 72.3, “Authenticating to GroupWise with
Passwords Stored in an LDAP Directory,” on page 1127.
70.1.5 Bypassing Mailbox Passwords to Respond to Corporate
Mandates
Sometimes it is necessary to access user mailboxes to meet corporate mandates such as virus
scanning, content filtering, or e-mail auditing that might be required during litigation. These types of

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mailbox access are obtain using trusted applications, third-party programs that can log into Post
Office Agents (POAs) in order to access GroupWise mailboxes. For more information about using
trusted application to bypass mailbox passwords, see Section 4.12, “Trusted Applications,” on
page 69
70.2 Agent Passwords
Agent passwords facilitate access to remote servers where domains, post office, and document
storage areas are located and access to eDirectory for synchronization of user information between
GroupWise and eDirectory. They also protect GroupWise Monitor and the agent Web consoles from
unauthorized access.
Section 70.2.1, “Facilitating Access to Remote Servers,” on page 1115
Section 70.2.2, “Facilitating Access to eDirectory,” on page 1116
Section 70.2.3, “Protecting the Agent Web Consoles,” on page 1116
Section 70.2.4, “Protecting the GroupWise Monitor Web Console,” on page 1116
70.2.1 Facilitating Access to Remote Servers
If the NetWare®POA runs on a server other than where the post office database and directory
structure are located, it needs to log in to that remote server using an existing username and
password. There are several ways to provide this information:
Fill in the Remote User Name and Remote Password fields on the Post Office Settings page of
the Post Office object in ConsoleOne
Add the /dn startup switch to the POA startup file to provide the fully distinguished name of the
NetWare POA object
Add the /user and /password startup switches to the POA startup file to provide a username and
password
The Windows POA also needs username and password information if it needs to access a document
storage area on a server other than the one where the post office database and directory structure are
located. The three methods listed above can be used for this situation as well. The Windows POA
does not need username and password information in order to access the post office directory
because it should already have a drive mapped to that location.
If the NetWare MTA, Internet Agent, or WebAccess Agent runs on a server other than where the
domain database and directory structure are located, it needs to log in to that remote server using an
existing username and password. All three of these agents support the /user and /password switches
for this purpose. The MTA also supports the /dn switch parallel to the POA. You cannot currently
use ConsoleOne to specify username and password information for these agents.
Providing passwords in clear text in a startup file might seem like a security risk. However, the
servers where the agents run should be kept physically secure. If an unauthorized person did gain
physical access, they would not be doing so for the purpose of obtaining these particular passwords.
And the passwords are encrypted as they pass over the wire between servers, so the security risk is
minimal.

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70.2.2 Facilitating Access to eDirectory
If you have enabled eDirectory user synchronization, the MTA must be able to log in to eDirectory
in order to obtain the updated user information. An eDirectory-enabled MTA should be installed on
a server where a local eDirectory replica is located.
If the eDirectory-enabled NetWare MTA is running on a different server from where the domain is
located, you must add the /user and /password switches, or the /dn switch, to the MTA startup file so
that the MTA can authenticate to eDirectory. The /dn switch is preferable, so that username and
password information is not exposed in the MTA startup file. If the NetWare MTA is running on the
same server where the domain is located, the MTA can look up the distinguished name in the
domain database.
For the eDirectory-enabled Windows MTA, you must add the /user and /password switches to the
MTA startup file in order to specify the network user account that the MTA should use to
authenticate to eDirectory.
For more information, see Section 41.4.1, “Using eDirectory User Synchronization,” on page 638.
70.2.3 Protecting the Agent Web Consoles
When you install the POA and the MTA, they are automatically configured with an agent Web
console and no password protection is provided. When you install the Internet Agent and the
WebAccess Agent, you can choose whether to enable the agent Web console during installation. If
you do, you can provide password protection at that time.
If you do not want agent Web console status information available to anyone who knows the agent
network address and port number, you should set passwords on your agent Web console, as
described in the following sections:
Section 37.2, “Using the POA Web Console,” on page 530
Section 42.2, “Using the MTA Web Console,” on page 657
Section 49.2, “Using the Internet Agent Web Console,” on page 787
Section 56.1.2, “Using the WebAccess Agent Web Console,” on page 929
If you plan to access the agent Web consoles from GroupWise Monitor, it is most convenient if you
use the same password on all agent Web consoles. That way, you can provide the agent Web console
password once in GroupWise Monitor, rather than having to provide various passwords as you view
the Web consoles for various agents. For information about providing the agent Web console
password in GroupWise Monitor, see Section 59.4, “Configuring Polling of Monitored Agents,” on
page 978.
70.2.4 Protecting the GroupWise Monitor Web Console
Along with the agent Web consoles, you can also provide password protection for the Monitor Web
console itself, from which all the agent Web consoles can be accessed. For instructions, see
Section 59.8, “Configuring Authentication and Intruder Lockout for the Monitor Web Console,” on
page 985.

Encryption and Certificates
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71
Encryption and Certificates
Although GroupWise®native encryption is employed throughout your GroupWise system,
additional security measures should be utilized to secure your GroupWise data.
Section 71.1, “Personal Digital Certificates, Digital Signatures, and S/MIME Encryption,” on
page 1117
Section 71.2, “Server Certificates and SSL Encryption,” on page 1119
Section 71.3, “Trusted Root Certificates and LDAP Authentication,” on page 1123
See also Part XVI, “Security Policies,” on page 1159.
71.1 Personal Digital Certificates, Digital
Signatures,
and S/MIME Encryption
If desired, you can implement S/MIME encryption for GroupWise client users by installing various
security providers on users’ workstations, including:
Entrust* 4.0 or later (http://www.entrust.com)
Microsoft Base Cryptographic Provider 1.0 or later (included with Internet Explorer 4.0 or
later)
Microsoft Enhanced Cryptographic Provider 1.0 or later (http://www.microsoft.com/windows/
ie/downloads/recommended/128bit/default.asp)
Microsoft Strong Cryptographic Provider (http://www.siliconprairiesc.com/spsckb/EncryptAll/
strong_cryptographic_provider.htm)
Gemplus GemSAFE Card CSP 1.0 or later (http://www.gemplus.com)
Schlumberger Cryptographic Provider (http://www.slb.com)
For additional providers, consult the Novell Partner Product Guide (http://www.novell.com/
partnerguide).
These products enable users to digitally sign and/or encrypt their messages using S/MIME
encryption. When a sender digitally signs a message, the recipient is able to verify that the item was
not modified en route and that it originated from the sender specified. When a sender encrypts a
message, the sender ensures that the intended recipient is the only one who can read it. Digitally
signed and/or encrypted messages are protected as they travel across the Internet, whereas native
GroupWise encryption is removed as messages leave your GroupWise system.
After users have installed the S/MIME security providers on their workstations, you can configure
default functionality for it in ConsoleOne®(Domain, Post Office, or User object > Tools >
GroupWise Utilities > Client Options > Send > Security). You can specify a URL from which you
want users to obtain their S/MIME certificates. You can require the use of digital signatures and/or
encryption, rather than letting users decide when to use them. You can even select the encryption
algorithm and encryption key size if necessary. For more information, see Section 65.2.2,
“Modifying Send Options,” on page 1062.

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After you have configured S/MIME functionality in ConsoleOne, GroupWise users must select the
security provider (Windows client > Tools > Options > Security > Send Options) and then obtain a
personal digital certificate. Unless you installed Entrust, users can request certificates (Windows
client > Tools > Options > Certificates > Get Certificate). If you provided a URL, users are taken to
the Certificate Authority of your choice. Otherwise, certificates for use with GroupWise can be
obtained from various certificate providers, including:
Novell, Inc. (if you have installed Novell®Certificate ServerTM 2 or later (http://
www.novell.com/products/certserver))
VeriSign*, Inc. (http://www.verisign.com)
Thawte* Certification (http://www.thawte.com)
GlobalSign* (http://www.globalsign.com)
NOTE: Some certificate provides charge a fee for certificates and some do not.
After users have selected the appropriate security provider and obtained a personal digital
certificate, they can protect their messages with S/MIME encryption by digitally signing them
(Windows client > Actions > Sign Digitally) and/or encrypting them (Windows client > Actions >
Encrypt). Buttons are added to the GroupWise toolbar for convenient use on individual messages, or
users can configure GroupWise to always use digital signatures and/or encryption (Windows client
> Tools > Options > Security > Send Options). The messages they send with digital signatures and/
or encryption can be read by recipients using any other S/MIME-enabled e-mail products.
GroupWise Windows client users are responsible for managing their personal digital certificates.
Users can have multiple personal digital certificates. In the GroupWise client, users can view their
own certificates, view the certificates they have received from their contacts, access recipient
certificates from LDAP directories (see Section 72.4, “Accessing S/MIME Certificates in an LDAP
Directory,” on page 1128 for details), change the trust level on certificates, import and export
certificates, and so on.
The certificates are stored in the local certificate store on the user’s workstation. They are not stored
in GroupWise. Therefore, if a user moves to a different workstation, he or she must import the
personal digital certificate into the certificate store on the new workstation, even though the same
GroupWise account is being accessed.
If your system includes smart card readers on users’ workstations, certificates can be retrieved from
this source as well, so that after composing a message, users can sign them by inserting their smart
cards into their card readers. The GroupWise client picks up the digital signature and adds it to the
message.
The GroupWise Windows client verifies the user certificate to ensure that it has not been revoked. It
also verifies the Certificate Authority. If a certificate has expired, the GroupWise user receives a
warning message.
For complete details about using S/MIME encryption in the GroupWise Windows client, see
“Sending S/MIME Secure Message” in the GroupWise 7 Windows Client User Guide.
NOTE: S/MIME encryption is not available in the Cross-Platform client or the WebAccess client.
Any messages that are not digitally signed or encrypted are still protected by native GroupWise
encryption as long as they are within your GroupWise system.

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71.2 Server Certificates and SSL Encryption
You should strengthen native GroupWise encryption with Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
communication between servers where GroupWise agents are installed. If you have not already set
up SSL on your system, you must complete the following tasks:
Section 71.2.1, “Generating a Certificate Signing Request,” on page 1119
Section 71.2.2, “Using a GWCSRGEN Configuration File,” on page 1120
Section 71.2.3, “Submitting the Certificate Signing Request to a Certificate Authority,” on
page 1121
Section 71.2.4, “Creating Your Own Certificate,” on page 1121
Section 71.2.5, “Installing the Certificate on the Server,” on page 1123
Section 71.2.6, “Configuring the Agents to Use SSL,” on page 1123
If you have already set up SSL on your system and are using it with other applications besides
GroupWise, skip to Section 71.2.6, “Configuring the Agents to Use SSL,” on page 1123.
71.2.1 Generating a Certificate Signing Request
Before the GroupWise agents can use SSL, you must create a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) and
obtain a public certificate file. The CSR includes the hostname of the server where the agents run.
Therefore, you must create a CSR for every server where you want the GroupWise agents to use
SSL. However, all GroupWise agents running on the same server can all use the same resulting
certificate, so you do not need separate CSRs for different agents. The CSR also includes your
choice of name and password for the private key file that must be used with each certificate. This
information is needed when configuring the agents to use SSL.
One way to create a CSR is to use the GWCSRGEN utility. This utility takes the information you
provide and creates a .csr file from which a public certificate file can be generated.
1Start the GroupWise Generate CSR utility.
Linux: The utility (gwcsrgen) is installed to the /opt/novell/groupwise/agents/bin
directory. You must be logged in as root to start the utility.
Windows: The utility (gwcsrgen.exe) is located in the \admin\utility\gwcsrgen
directory either on the GroupWise 7 Administrator for NetWare/Windows CD or in the
GroupWise software distribution directory.

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2Fill in the fields in the Private Key box. The private key information is used to create both the
Private Key file and the Certificate Signing Request file.
Key Filename: Specify a name for the Private Key file (for example, server1.key). If you don’t
want the file stored in the same directory as the GWCSRGEN utility, specify a full path with
the filename (for example, c:\server1.key or /opt/novell/groupwise/certs/
server1.key).
Key Password: Specify the password for the private key. The password can be up to 256
characters (single-byte environments).
Verify Password: Specify the password again.
3Fill in the fields in the Certificate Signing Request box.
CSR Filename: Specify a name for the Certificate Signing Request file (for example,
server1.csr). If you don’t want the file stored in the same directory as the GWCSRGEN
utility, specify a full path with the filename (for example, c:\server1.csr or /opt/
novell/groupwise/certs/server1.csr).
4Fill in the fields in the Required Information box. This information is used to create the
Certificate Signing Request file. You must fill in all fields to generate a valid CSR file.
Country: Specify the two-letter abbreviation for your country (for example, US).
State/Province: Specify the name of your state or province (for example, Utah). Use the full
name. Do not abbreviate it.
City: Specify the name of your city (for example, Provo).
Organization: Specify the name of your organization (for example, Novell, Inc.).
Division: Specify your organization’s division that this certificate is being issued to (for
example, Novell Product Development).
Hostname of Server: Specify the DNS hostname of the server where the server certificate will
be used (for example, dev.provo.novell.com).
5Click Create to generate the CSR file and Private Key file.
The CSR and Private Key files are created with the names and in the locations you specified in
the Key Filename and CSR Filename fields.
71.2.2 Using a GWCSRGEN Configuration File
For convenience if you need to generate multiple certificates, you can record the information for the
above fields in a configuration file so that the information is automatically provided whenever you
run the Generate CSR utility. The configuration file must have the following format:
[Private Key]
Location =
Extension = key
[CSR]
Location =
Extension = csr
[Required Information]
Country =
State =
City =
Organization =

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Division =
Hostname =
If you do not want to provide a default for a certain field, insert a comment character (#) in front of
that line. Name the file gwcsrgen.cnf. Save the file in the same directory where the utility is
installed:
71.2.3 Submitting the Certificate Signing Request to a
Certificate Authority
To obtain a server certificate, you can submit the Certificate Signing Request
(server_name.csr file) to a Certificate Authority. If you have not previously used a Certificate
Authority, you can use the keywords “Certificate Authority” to search the Web for Certificate
Authority companies. The Certificate Authority must be able to provide the certificate in Base64/
PEM or PFX format.
The process of submitting the CSR varies from company to company. Most provide online
submission of the request. Please follow their instructions for submitting the request.
71.2.4 Creating Your Own Certificate
The Novell Certificate Server, which runs on a NetWare®server with Novell eDirectoryTM, enables
you to establish your own Certificate Authority and issue server certificates for yourself. For
complete information, see the Novell Certificate Server Web site (http://www.novell.com/products/
certserver).
To quickly create your own public certificate in ConsoleOne:
1Click Help > About Snap-ins to see if the Certificate Server snap-in to ConsoleOne is installed.
If it is not installed, you can obtain it from Novell Product Downloads (http://
download.novell.com). If you are using eDirectory on Linux, the Certificate Server snap-in is
installed by default.
NOTE: You can create a server certificate in Novell iManager, as well as in ConsoleOne, using
steps similar to those provided below.
2Browse to and select the container where your Server object is located.
3Click Tools > Issue Certificate.
Linux: /opt/novell/groupwise/agents/bin
Windows: \grpwise\software\admin\utility\gwcsrgen

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4Browse to and select the CSR file created by GWCSRGEN in Section 71.2.1, “Generating a
Certificate Signing Request,” on page 1119, then click Next.
By default, your own organizational certificate authority signs the request.
5Click Next.
6In the Type box, select Custom.
7In the Key Usage box, select all three usage options.
8Click Next.
9In the Validity Period field, select the length of time you want the certificate to be valid.
You might want to change the setting to a longer period of time to best meet the needs of your
organization.
10 Click Next, view the summary information, then click Finish.

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11 Select File in Base64 Format.
12 Specify the path and filename for the certificate.
Limit the filename to 8 characters. You can retain the .b64 extension or use the more general
.crt extension.
13 Click Save.
71.2.5 Installing the Certificate on the Server
After processing your CSRs, the Certificate Authority sends you a public certificate
(server_name.b64) file for each CSR. You might need to extract the private key from the public
certificate. The private key file might have an extension such as .pem or .pfx. The extension is
unimportant as long as the file format is correct.
If you used the Issue Certificate feature in ConsoleOne, as described in Section 71.2.4, “Creating
Your Own Certificate,” on page 1121, it generated the public certificate file (server_name.b64)
and private key file (server_name.key).
Copy the files to any convenient location on each server. The location must be accessible to the
GroupWise agents that run on the server.
71.2.6 Configuring the Agents to Use SSL
To configure the agents to use SSL you must first enable them for SSL and then provide certificate
and key file information. For detailed instructions, see the following sections:
“Securing the Post Office with SSL Connections to the POA” on page 498
“Securing the Domain with SSL Connections to the MTA” on page 629
Securing Internet Agent Connections with SSL
Securing WebAccess Agent Connections with SSL
71.3 Trusted Root Certificates and LDAP
Authentication
LDAP authentication, as described in Section 36.3.4, “Providing LDAP Authentication for
GroupWise Users,” on page 501, relies on the presence of a trusted root certificate (often named
rootcert.der) located on your LDAP server. A trusted root certificate is automatically created

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for a server when you install eDirectory on that server. However, circumstances might arise where
you need to create one manually. You can do this in ConsoleOne.
1Make sure that Novell International Cryptography Infrastructure (NICI) is installed on the
workstation where you run ConsoleOne.
If necessary, you can download NICI from the Novell Product Downloads site (http://
download.novell.com).
2In ConsoleOne, click Help > About Snapins and verify that the following snap-ins are installed:
Novell LDAP
Novell Certificate Server
Novell Modular Authentication Services (NMAS)
You can download these snap-ins from the Novell Product Downloads site (http://
download.novell.com). After these snap-ins are installed, you can generate a trusted root
certificate for the LDAP server.
3In ConsoleOne, check current SSL/TLS configuration of the LDAP server:
3a Browse to and right-click the LDAP Server object in your eDirectory tree (typically
named LDAP Server - server_name), then click Properties.
3b Click SSL/TLS Configuration.
3c Note the name of the server certificate (typically SSL CertificateDNS).
3d Make sure that Disable SSL Port is not selected.
4Export a trusted root certificate:
4a Browse to and right-click the SSL Certificate object identified in Step 3c, then click
Properties.
4b Click Certificates.

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5Click Va l i d a t e, then click OK.
6Click Export.
7When asked if you want to export the private key with the certificate, select No, then click
Next.
8In the Output Format box, select File in Binary DER Format.
9In the Filename field, specify the full path and filename for the trusted root certificate.
IMPORTANT: For use with GroupWise, the name of the trusted root certificate file can
consist of 8 characters plus the .der extension. It cannot be a long filename. The most
convenient location for the trusted root certificate for use with GroupWise is in the directory
where the POA software is installed.
10 Click Next, then click Finish.
You are now ready to configure the POA for LDAP authentication, as described in Section 36.3.4,
“Providing LDAP Authentication for GroupWise Users,” on page 501.

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LDAP Directories
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LDAP Directories
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is a standard Internet protocol for accessing
commonly used network directories. If you are new to GroupWise®or LDAP, you might find it
useful to review TID 2955731: GroupWise and LDAP in the Novell Support Knowledgebase. (http:/
/www.novell.com/support/supportcentral) This TID provides an overview of LDAP and explains the
two address-book-related ways that GroupWise makes use of LDAP. This section briefly
summarizes the address book usages of LDAP and explains how LDAP can also be used to store
security information such as passwords and certificates for use with GroupWise.
Section 72.1, “Accessing Public LDAP Directories from GroupWise,” on page 1127
Section 72.2, “Offering the GroupWise Address Book as an LDAP Directory,” on page 1127
Section 72.3, “Authenticating to GroupWise with Passwords Stored in an LDAP Directory,” on
page 1127
Section 72.4, “Accessing S/MIME Certificates in an LDAP Directory,” on page 1128
See also Part XVI, “Security Policies,” on page 1159.
72.1 Accessing Public LDAP Directories from
GroupWise
The GroupWise client uses LDAP to provide access to directory services such as Bigfoot* and
Switchboard*. This enables GroupWise users to select e-mail addresses from these popular
directory services and add them to their personal GroupWise address books. See “Using LDAP in
the Address Book” in “Using the Address Book” in the GroupWise 7 Windows Client User Guide.
72.2 Offering the GroupWise Address Book as
an LDAP Directory
The GroupWise Internet Agent uses LDAP to make the GroupWise address book available to any
LDAP-enabled client. This enables users of other e-mail clients to define GroupWise address books
as LDAP directories from which they can select e-mail addresses. See Section 46.2, “Configuring
LDAP Services,” on page 737. See also Chapter 74, “Address Book Security,” on page 1133.
72.3 Authenticating to GroupWise with
Passwords Stored in an LDAP Directory
Enabling LDAP authentication for the POA is independent of these LDAP address book features.
You need to enable LDAP authentication when you want the POA to authenticate the user’s
password in an LDAP directory rather than looking for a password in the user’s GroupWise account
information. The POA can make use of the following LDAP capabilities:
Section 72.3.1, “Access Method,” on page 1128
Section 72.3.2, “LDAP Username,” on page 1128

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When you understand these LDAP capabilities, you are ready to set up LDAP authentication for
your GroupWise users. See Section 36.3.4, “Providing LDAP Authentication for GroupWise
Users,” on page 501.
72.3.1 Access Method
On a server-by-server basis (ConsoleOne > GroupWise System Operations > LDAP Servers), you
can specify whether you want each LDAP server to respond to authentication requests using a bind
or a compare.
Bind: With a bind, the POA essentially logs in to the LDAP server. When responding to a bind
request, most LDAP servers enforce password policies such as grace logins and intruder
lockout, if such policies have been implemented by the LDAP directory.
Compare: With a compare, the POA provides the user password to the LDAP server. When
responding to a compare request, the LDAP server compares the password provided by the
POA with the user’s password in the LDAP directory, and returns the results of the comparison.
Using a compare connection can provide faster access because there is typically less overhead
involved because password policies are not being enforced.
Regardless of whether the POA is submitting bind requests or compare requests to authenticate
GroupWise users, the POA can stay connected to the LDAP server as long as authentication requests
continue to occur before the connection times out. This provides quick response as users are
accessing their mailboxes.
72.3.2 LDAP Username
On a post office-by-post office basis (ConsoleOne > Post Office object > GroupWise > Security),
you can decide what username you want the POA to use when accessing the LDAP server.
LDAP Username Login: If you want the POA to access the LDAP server with specific rights
to the LDAP directory, you can provide a username for the POA to use when logging in. The
rights of the user determine what information in the LDAP directory will be available during
the authentication process.
Public or Anonymous Login: If you do not provide a specific LDAP username as part of the
post office LDAP configuration information, then the POA accesses the LDAP directory with a
public or anonymous connection. Only public information is available when using such a login.
72.4 Accessing S/MIME Certificates in an LDAP
Directory
Just as the POA can access user password information in an LDAP directory, the GroupWise
Windows client can access recipients’ digital certificates in an LDAP directory. See “Searching for
Recipient Encryption Certificates Using LDAP” in “Sending S/MIME Secure Message” in the
GroupWise 7 Windows Client User Guide.
When a certificate is stored on an LDAP server, the GroupWise Windows client searches the LDAP
server every time the certificate is used. Certificates from LDAP servers are not downloaded into the
local certificate store on the user’s workstation. To facilitate this process, the user must select a
default LDAP directory in the LDAP address book (Windows client > LDAP Address Book >
Directories > Set as Default) and enable searching (Windows client > Tools > Options Security >
Send > Advanced Options > Search for Recipient Encryption Certificates in the Default LDAP