Omega PHCN-37 User manual

PHCN-37 and OPCN-37
Microprocessor-Based p Controller
and p /ORP Controller
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to every appropriate device upon certification.
The information contained in this document is believed to be correct, but OMEGA Engineering, Inc. accepts no liability for any
errors it contains, and reserves the right to alter specifications without notice.
WARNING: These products are not designed for use in, and should not be used for, patient-connected applications.
!This device is marked with the international caution symbol. It is important to read the Setup Guide before installing or
commissioning this device as the guide contains important information relating to safety and EMC.
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i
Preface
PREFACE
Manual Objectives
This manual shows you how to set up and use the Programmable Digital Meter.
Standard Procedures:
* Checking voltage jumpers, or changing voltage power
* Mounting the panel
* Configuring Temperature compensation
* Selecting a decimal point position
* Configuring calibration parameters
* Performing two or three-point calibration
* Setting the setpoint's active band
* Selecting a latched or unlatched operation
* Setting setpoint’s deadbands
* Enabling/disabling analog output
* Selecting analog output as current or voltage
* Scaling analog output

Preface
ii
Table A-1 Sections of the Manual
If you want to read about:
Unpacking; safety considerations
Meter description and features
Main board power jumpers; panel
mounting, sensor input, main power and
analog and relay output
Setpoint value, Temperature
compensation, decimal point position,
calibration, setpoint configuration;
setpoint deadbands, analog output
configuration and scaling
Setpoint values
Display messages
Meter menu/sub-menu messages
Setpoint configuration messages
Specifications
Factory Preset Values
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Refer to section
Introduction
About the Meter
Getting Started
Configuring the Meter
Selecting Setpoint Values
Display Messages
Menu Configuration
Setpoint Configuration
Displays
Specifications
Factory Default
Setup as Shipped

iii
Preface
Table of Contents
Section Page
SEC 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1.1 Unpacking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1.2 Safety Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
SEC 2 ABOUT THE METER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
2.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
2.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
2.3 Available Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
2.4 Front of the Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
2.4.1 Meter Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
2.5 Front Panel Button Lockout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
2.5.1 Jumper Lock Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
2.5.2 Push Button Lock Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
2.6 Back of Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
2.7 Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
SEC 3 GETTING STARTED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
3.1 Rating/Product Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
3.2 Main Board Power Jumpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
3.3 Main Board Jumpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
3.4 Panel Mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
3.5 Connecting Sensor Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
3.6 Connecting Main Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
3.7 Connecting Analog and Relay Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
SEC 4 CONFIGURING THE METER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
4.0 Specifying Input Type (INPT) p /ORP Controllers Only . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
4.1 Selecting the Temperature Compensation Mode (A.T.C.) . . . . . . . . . . .20
4.2 Selecting a Decimal Point Position (DEC.P) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
4.3 Using Reading Configuration (RD.CF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
4.4 Performing Two-Point Calibration (CAL.2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
4.5 Performing Three-Point Calibration (CAL.3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Preface
iv
Table of Contents
Section Page
4.6 Using Setpoint 1 Configurations (S1.CF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
4.6.1 Setting Setpoint 1's Active Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
4.6.2 Selecting if Setpoint 1 is Latched or Unlatched . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
4.6.3 Selecting Setpoint 1 (for p /ORP Controllers only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
4.7 Using Setpoint 2 Configuration (S2.CF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
4.7.1 Setting Setpoint 2's Active Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
4.7.2 Selecting if Setpoint 2 is Latched or Unlatched . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
4.7.3 Selecting Setpoint 2 (for p /ORP Controllers only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
4.8 Setting the Setpoint 1 Deadband (S1.DB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
4.9 Setting the Setpoint 2 Deadband (S2.DB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
4.10 Using Output Configuration (OT.CF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
4.10.1 Enabling or Disabling the Analog Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
4.10.2 Selecting Analog Output as Current or Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
4.10.3 Selecting Analog Output as p or ORP (for p /ORP Controllers only) . .30
4.11 Configuring Temperature (C or F-TEMP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
4.12 Using Output Scale and Offset (OT.S.O) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
4.12.1 Example for Output Scale and Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
SEC 5 SELECTING SETPOINT VALUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
SEC 6 DISPLAY MESSAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
SEC 7 MENU CONFIGURATION DISPLAYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
SEC 8 SETPOINT CONFIGURATION DISPLAYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
SEC 9 SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
SEC 10 FACTORY PRESET VALUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
CE APPROVAL SECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

v
Preface
List of Figures
Figure Page
2-1a Front of Meter - p Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
2-1b Front of Meter - p /ORP Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
2-2 ac Power Connector Label (with dc-Power Detail) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
3-1 Main Board Power Jumpers (W1, W2, W3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
3-2 Main Board Jumper Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
3-3 Upper Isolated Analog Output Option Board Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
3-4 Meter - Exploded View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
3-5 Panel Cut-Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
3-6 p and RTD Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
3-7 Main Power Connections - ac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
3-8 Main Power Connections -dc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
3-9 Relay Output Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
3-10 Analog Output Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
3-11 Isolated Analog Output Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
4-1 Relay Output Triggering Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
9-1 Dimensions/Panel Cutout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
List of Tables
Table Page
A-1 Sections of the Manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii
2-1 Accessories and Add-Ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
2-2 Connector Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
3-1 Jumper Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
3-2 ac-Power Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
6-1 Display Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
7-1 Configuration Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
7-2 Run Mode Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
8-1 Setpoint Configuration Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
10-1 Factory Preset Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

NOTES, WARNINGS and CAUTIONS
Information that is especially important to note is identified by three labels:
• NOTE
• WARNING
• CAUTION
• IMPORTANT
NOTE: provides you with information that is important to successfully setup and
use the Programmable Digital Meter.
CAUTION or WARNING: tells you about the risk of electric shock.
CAUTION, WARNING or IMPORTANT: tells you of circumstances or practices
that can effect the meter's functionality and must refer to accompanying
documents.
TIP: Provides you helpful hints.
Preface
vi

1
Introduction 1
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION
1 1 UNPACKING
Remove the Packing List and verify that all equipment has been received. If there are
any questions about the shipment, use the phone number for the Customer Service
Department nearest you.
Upon receipt of shipment, inspect the container and equipment for any signs of damage.
Take particular note of any evidence of rough handling in transit. Immediately report any
damage to the shipping agent.
The carrier will not honor any claims unless all shipping material is saved for
their examination. After examining and removing contents, save packing
material and carton in the event reshipment is necessary.
Verify that you receive the following items in the shipping box:
QTY DESCRIPTION
1Programmable Digital Meter indicator/controller with all applicable
connectors attached.
1Owner's Manual
1Set Mounting brackets
If you ordered any of the available options (except the “BL” blank Lens
option), they will be shipped in a separate container to avoid any damage to
your indicator/controller.
For first-time users: Refer to the QuickStart Manual for basic operation and
set-up instructions.

1Introduction
2
1 2 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
This device is marked with the international caution symbol. It is important to
read this manual before installing or commissioning this device as it contains
important information relating to Safety and EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility).
This instrument is a panel mount device protected in accordance with EN 61010-
1:2001, electrical safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control
and laboratory. Installation of this instrument should be done by qualified personnel. In
order to ensure safe operation, the following instructions should be followed.
This instrument has no power-on switch. An external switch or circuit-breaker shall
be included in the building installation as a disconnecting device. It shall be marked to
indicate this function, and it shall be in close proximity to the equipment within easy
reach of the operator. The switch or circuit-breaker shall not interrupt the Protective
Conductor (Earth wire), and it shall meet the relevant requirements of IEC 947–1 and
IEC 947-3 (International Electrotechnical Commission). The switch shall not be
incorporated in the main supply cord.
Furthermore, to provide protection against excessive energy being drawn from the
main supply in case of a fault in the equipment, an overcurrent protection device shall
be installed.
• Do not exceed voltage rating on the label located on the top of the instrument
housing.
• Always disconnect power before changing signal and power connections.
• Do not use this instrument on a work bench without its case for safety reasons.
• Do not operate this instrument in flammable or explosive atmospheres.
• Do not expose this instrument to rain or moisture.
• Unit mounting should allow for adequate ventilation to ensure instrument does not
exceed operating temperature rating.
• Use electrical wires with adequate size to handle mechanical strain and power
requirements. Install without exposing bare wire outside the connector to minimize
electrical shock hazards.
EMC Considerations
• Whenever EMC is an issue, always use shielded cables.
• Never run signal and power wires in the same conduit.
• Use signal wire connections with twisted-pair cables.
• Install Ferrite Bead(s) on signal wires close to the instrument if EMC problems
persist.
Failure to follow all instructions and warnings may result in injury!
Note ☞

3
About The Meter 2
SECTION 2 ABOUT THE METER
2 1 DESCRIPTION
This Digital Programmable meter is a value packed microprocessor-based p controller
or p /ORP controller. This p controller includes automatic or manual temperature
compensation, quick calibration to 4, 7 and 10 p ; accepts most BNC combination p
electrodes with or without 100 or 1000 ohm RTD. Standard features include analog
output and dual relay output. Isolated analog output must be ordered at time of
purchase. Retransmission analog output is fully scalable. Dual 5 amp, form C relays
control critical processes. A mechanical lockout has been included to guard against
unauthorized changes.
2 2 FEATURES
The following is a list of standard features:
* 4-digit 14-segment LED display - red or green display
* NEMA 4 / Type 4 Front Bezel
* ±0.01 p accuracy
* 0.5ºC Temperature accuracy
* 100 or 1000 ohm RTD input
* Nonvolatile memory-no battery backup
* Dual 5 amp, form C relay outputs
* Scalable non-isolated analog outputs
* 115 or 230 Vac 50/60 z power supply
or 10-32 Vdc or 26-56 Vdc
The following is a list of optional features:
* Scalable isolated analog output

2About The Meter
4
2 3 AVAILABLE ACCESSORIES
Table 2-1 Accessories and Add-Ons
Add-On Options
FS Special Calibration/Configuration
SPC4 NEMA-4 Splash Proof Cover
SPC18 NEMA-4 Splash Proof Cover, NEW
Accessories
TP1A Trimplate panel adaptor.
Adapts DIN1A/DIN2A cases to larger panel cutouts
RP18 19-In. Rack Panel for one (1) 1/8 DIN instrument
RP28 19-In. Rack Panel for two (2) 1/8 DIN instrument
RP38 19-In. Rack Panel for three (3) 1/8 DIN instrument

5
About The Meter 2
2 4 FRONT OF THE METER
Figure 2-1a Front of meter - pH Controller
Figure 2-1b Front of meter - pH/ORP Controller
METER DISPLAY:
Digital LED display -1.9.9.9. or 9.9.9.9. 4-digit 14 segment, 0.54" high
LED display with programmable decimal point.
These meter display windows light when appropriate:
1 Setpoint 1 status
2 Setpoint 2 status
p p displays
mV mV displays
ºC Celsius
ºF Fahrenheit
SETPTS T/mV MENU RESET/p /ORP
SETPTS T/mV MENU RESET/p

2About The Meter
6
2 4 1 METER BUTTONS
SETPTS Button
In the run mode, this button will sequentially recall the previous setpoint settings. As
necessary, use the /pH and /mV buttons to alter these settings, then press the
SETPTS button to store new values.
Unless you press the SETPTS, /pH, or /mV button within 20 seconds, the meter will
scroll to setpoint 2 and then to the run mode.
/pH Button (for pH Controller)
In the run mode, this button will view p value.
In the configuration mode, press this button to change the value of the flashing digit
shown on the display and/or toggle between menu choices, such as “R 2=F” or “R 2=C”
on RD.CF menu. When configuring your setpoint values, press the /pH button to
advance the flashing digit's value from 0 to 9 by 1.
/pH/ORP Button (for pH/ORP Controller)
In the run mode, this button will view p value.
If you have a pH/ORP Controller: throughout this manual’s text, the /pH/ORP
button is reference as the /pH button.
To toggle between the p and ORP values while in the “Run Mode” (Normal Operation).
Use this button also to change the value of the digits while in the “Setpoint” and “Menu”
(Configuration) Modes.
T/mV Button (for pH Controller)
In the run mode press the T/mV button to recall the mV value of your input signal.
Press the T/mV button a second time to recall the temperature value of your input.
In the configuration mode, press this button to scroll to the next digit.
T/mV Button (for pH/ORP Controller)
To view temperature while in the “Run Mode” (Normal Operation). Use this button also
to select the digit’s position while in the “Setpoint” and “Menu” (Configuration) Modes.

7
About The Meter 2
2 4 1 METER BUTTONS (Continued)
MENU Button
In the run mode, press the MENU button to terminate the current measuring process and
enter you into the configuration mode.
In the configuration mode, press the MENU button to store changes in the nonvolatile
memory and then advance you to the next menu item.
RESET Button
If you hard reset (press the MENU button followed by the RESET button) or power off/on
the meter, it shows “RST”, followed by “pH”.
In the run mode, press the RESET button to reset the latched setpoints. The meter
shows “SP RS” and returns to the run mode.
In the configuration mode, press the RESET button once to review the previous menu.
Press the RESET button twice to perform a hard reset and return to the run mode.
In the setpoint mode, press the RESET button to enter the run mode. The meter shows
"RUN" and enters the run mode.
When in setpoint or configuration mo e, if the meter shows 9999 or
-1999 with all flashing igits, the value has overflowe . Press the /MAX
button to start a new value.

2About The Meter
8
2 5 FRONT-PANEL BUTTON LOCK OUT (For Security Purposes)
2 5 1 Jumper Lock Out
To lock all front-panel buttons, remove the S3-A jumper (refer to Figure 3-2).
To lock the MENU button only, verify that the S3-B jumper is removed, then install the
S3-A and S3-E jumpers (refer to Table 3-1). If you press the MENU button, the meter
shows “LOCK” and returns to the run mode.
2 5 2 Push Button Lock Out
To lock the RESET, MENU and SETPTS buttons only, verify that the S3-A jumper is
installed and the S3-E jumper is not installed, then follow these steps:
In the run mode -
1. Press and hold down the RESET button. The meter shows “SP RS” or
“RUN”. Do not release the RESET button.
2. Press the MENU button and hold the RESET button down (3-5 seconds) until
the meter shows “LOCK”.
3. Release both buttons.
To unlock the RESET, MENU and SETPTS buttons, follow these steps:
1. Press and hold down the RESET button. The meter shows “LOCK”.
Do not release the RESET button.
2. Press the MENU button and hold the RESET button down (3-5 seconds)
until the meter shows “UN LK”.
3. Release both buttons.

9
About The Meter 2
2 6 BACK OF THE METER
Figure 2-2 shows the label describing the connectors on the back of the meter. Table 2-1
on the following page gives a brief description of each connector at the back of the
meter.
Figure 2-2 ac Power Connector Label (with dc Power detail)
+R
RTD INPUT*ANALOG OUT*
TB1
RELAY 1 RELAY 2
ISOLATED*
*
= CONNECT TO LOW VOLTAGE LIMITED ENERGY CIRCUITRY ONLY.
ANALOG OUT
A
EXT RETURN: REMOVE S4-A & CONNECT EXT RTN TO "-R"
NO EXTERNAL RETURN: INSTALL S4-A
TB2
p INPUT*
RTNVOLT CURR
TB5
POWER & INPUT CONNECTIONS (p )
S4
DC
TB1
AC
987
N/C +-
N.C.2N.C.1N.O.1 COM1 COM2N.O.2
VOLT RTNCURR N/C-R
LN
dc-power connector
label detail
321 654
987 12*11*10* 3*2*1*
3*2*1*

2About The Meter
10
2 6 BACK OF THE METER (Continued)
Table 2-2 Connector Description
Connector Description
TB1-1 Setpoint 1: Normally Open (N.O.1) connection
TB1-2 Setpoint 1: Normally Closed (N.C.1) connection
TB1-3 Setpoint 1: Common (COM1) connection
TB1-4 Setpoint 2: Normally Open (N.O.2) connection
TB1-5 Setpoint 2: Normally Closed (N.C.2) connection
TB1-6 Setpoint 2: Common (COM2) connection
TB1-7 ac Line connection (no connections on dc-powered units)
TB1-8 ac Neutral connection (+ Input on dc-powered units)
TB1-9 ac Earth ground (dc-power Return on dc-powered units)
TB1-10 Analog Voltage Output connection
TB1-11 Analog Current Output connection
TB1-12 Analog Return connection
TB2-1 +R: RTD connection Pin 1 connection
TB2-2 -R: RTD connection Pin 2 connection
TB5-1 Isolated Analog Voltage Output connection
TB5-2 Isolated Analog Current Output connection
TB5-3 Isolated Analog Output Return connection
J3 Main p or p /ORP input BNC connector

11
About The Meter 2
2 7 DISASSEMBLY
You may need to open up the meter for one of the following reasons:
• To check or change the 115 or 230 Vac power jumpers.
• To install or remove jumpers on the main board.
Disconnect the power supply before proceeding.
To remove and access the main board, follow these steps:
• Disconnect the main power from the meter.
• Remove the back case cover.
• Lift the back of the main board upwards and let it slide out of the case.

3Getting Started
12
SECTION 3 GETTING STARTED
Caution: The meter has no power-on switch, so it will be in operation as
soon you apply power.
If you power off/on the meter, or perform a hard reset (press the RESET button twice),
the meter shows “RST”, followed by "PH".
3 1 RATING/PRODUCT LABEL
This label is located on top of the meter housing (refer to Figure 3-4).
3 2 MAIN BOARD POWER JUMPERS (refer to Figure 3-1)
Important: If you want to change the Factory preset jumpers, do the
following steps; otherwise go to section 3.3.
Disconnect the power from the unit before proceeding.
1. Remove the main board from the case. Refer to Section 2.7.
2. Locate the solder jumpers W1, W2, and W3 (located near the edge of the main
board alongside the transformer).
3. If your power requirement is 115 V ac, solder jumpers W1 and W3 should be
wired, but jumper W2 should not If your power requirement is 230 V ac,
solder jumper W2 should be wired, but jumpers W1 and W3 should not
Figure 3-1 shows the location of solder jumpers W1 through W3.
Figure 3 1 Main Board Power Jumpers
DISPLAY BOARD
TRANSFORMER
W3 W1
W2
115V ac
230V ac
W3 W2 W1