Onan Performer Series User manual

Performer Series
Printed in U.S.A.
965-0167
2-96

oroughly read the OPERATOR’S MANUAL before
c aerating the engine. Safe operation and top perfor-
~iance can be obtained only with proper operation
and maintenance.
_ - e -allowing symbols in this Manual alert you to potential
- a;="ds to the operator, service person and equipment.
r
DANGER
_ Alerts you to an immediate hazard
which will result in severe personal injury or death.
AV.'ARNiNGl Alerts you to a hazard or unsafe
practice which can result in severe persona! injury or
t
death.
A caution! Alerts you to a hazard or unsafe
practice which can result in personal injury or equip¬
ment damage.
E sctricity, fuel, exhaust, moving parts and batteries
: -esent hazards which can result in severe personal inju-
'/ or death.
*
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
8 i AWARNINGI This engine is not designed or in¬
tended for use in aircraft. Such use can lead to
engine failure, severe personal injury or death.
FUEL IS FLAMMABLE AND EXPLOSIVE
• Keep flames, cigarettes, sparks, pilot lights, electri¬
cal arc-producing equipment and switches and all
other sources of ignition well away from areas where
fuel fumes are present and areas sharing ventila¬
tion.
while the engine is running.
Fuel lines must be copper cr steel tubing or piping,
adequately secured ar-d free of leaks.
Use approved
the engine. Do
connector—vibration \vi!
x!D;3 ruel hose for connections at
not use copper tubing as a flexible
ause it to work-harden
and break. Use non-conductive hose if the fuel line
ould become a oath for cranking current.
A
La
® The fuel line must have a manual shutoff valve un¬
less the highest fuel levei in the supply tank is lower
than the connection at the engine.
• Keep ABC fire extinguishers handy.
• Make sure all fasteners are secure and torqued
properly.
• Keep the engine and its compartment clean. Excess
oil and oily rags can catch fire. Dirt and gear stowed
in the compartment can restrict cooling air.
• Before working on the engine, disconnect the nega¬
tive (-) battery cable at the battery to prevent start¬
ing.
• Use caution when making adjustments while the en¬
gine is running—hot, moving or electrically live parts
can cause severe personal injury or death.
• Used engine oil has been identified by some state
and federal agencies as causing cancer or
reproductive toxicity. Do not ingest, inhale, c
contact used oil or its vapors.
• Benzene and lead in some gasolines have been
Identified by some state and federal agencies as
causing cancer or reproductive toxicity. Do not to
Ingest, inhale or contact gasoline or its vapors.
• Do not work on the engine when mentally or physi¬
cally fatigued or after consuming alcohol or drugs.
• Carefully follow all applicable local, state and federal
codes.
ENGINE EXHAUST IS DEADLY!
» Learn the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning
in this Manual.
» Inspect the exhaust system every time the engine is
started and after every eight hours of operation. If
the exhaust noise changes, shut down the engine
immediately and have it inspected.
9 DO NOT use engine cooling air to heat a room.
» Make sure there : s ample fresh air when operating
the enain.e in a confined area.
MOVING PARTS CAN CAUSE SEVERE
INJURY OR DEATH
» Dc not .vear ocse coming or jewelry near moving
^ i'
* _ #
shafts, fans, beits and pulleys.
■ 4
. \ w w
s s\vs 1 / from moving parts.
©
w w
over fans, beits, puileys, etc
BATTERY GAS IS EXPLO
«•
. /EAR SAFETY GLASSES and DO NO I SMOKE
« v . *;. w 'w
-[ V . M : w-O.
© When
cables,
cable fi
Jifiwvl L . iUw!) iU
or reconnecting battery
hnect the negative (-) battery
t and reconnect it last to reduce arcing.
!\‘,'ouc , /N i!

TITLE r»
Table of Contents
PAGE
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS .
INTRODUCTION ..
About This Manual.
Model Identification .
Fuel Recommendations ....
Engine Oil Recommendations
Starting Batteries .
Exhaust System .
OPERATION.
Pre-Start Checks . 6
Starting.. g
Engine Break-In ...... . 7
Operation In Dusty Conditions. 7
Operation In Hot Weather... 7
Operation in Cold Weather. 7
Out-of-Service Protection..... g
Returning The Engine To Service . g
PERIODIC MAINTENANCE . 9
Daily (8 Hour) Maintenance.... in
Engine Oil And Filter Change. . 1 1
Air Cleaner Maintenance . 12
Cooling System Maintenance . 13
Fuel Filter Replacement . 13
Spark Plug Replacement . 13
ADJUSTMENTS . 1 4
Carburetor Adjustments . 14
Reconnecting The Choke Cable . 14
Engine Speed Adjustments .. 15
TROUBLESHOOTING. 16
SPECIFICATIONS. 17
INFORMATION FOR CALIFORNIA ENGINE USERS . 18
Inside Front Cover
. 2
... 2
... 2
. 4
. 4
. 5
. 5
The engine exhaust from this product
contains chemicals known
State
California
cause cancer, birth
defects
other reproductive harm

Introduction
ABOUT THIS MANUAL
This manual covers the operation and maintenance
of the horizontal-shaft Performer Series of engines.
Each operator of the power equipment should study
this engine manual carefully and observe all of its
instructions and precautions. Proper use and peri¬
odic maintenance are responsibilities of the opera¬
tors) and are essential for top performance.
MODEL IDENTIFICATION
Whenever contacting an Onan dealer or distributor
for information, parts or service, always provide the
model number and the serial number marked on the
nameplate of the engine. (The serial number is in
the row marked “S/N”, just below the model num¬
ber.) Figure 1 illustrates atypical engine nameplate
and Figure 2 the location of the nameplate on the
engine.
Genuine Onan replacement parts obtained from an
Onan dealer or distributor are recommended.
□ [warning I Improper service or parts replace¬
ment can lead to severe personal injury or death
and to damage to equipment and property. Ser¬
vice personnel must be qualified to perform
electrical and mechanical service.
IMPORTANT ENGINE INFORMATION
ONAN CORPORATION
1400 73rd Ave. NE
Minneapolis, MN 5543
made in u.s.
Engine Model:
P224G-S/1264F
S/N: L951234567
REFER TO OPERATOR’S MANUAL FOR
MAINTENANCE SPECIFICATIONS
AND ADJUSTMENTS.
THIS ENGINE MEETS 1995 -1998
CALIFORNIA EMIS
REGULATIONS
FOR ULGE ENGINES
SN5980U1G2RA
UNLE A D E D GASOLINE ONLY
FIGURE 1. TYPICAL ENGINE NAMEPLATE
IAwarning] Unauthorized modifications or re¬
placement of fuel, exhaust, air intake or speed
control system components that affect engine
emissions are prohibited by law in the State of
California.
IAwarning! LPG (liquified petroleum gas) is
flammable and explosive and can cause as¬
phyxiation. NFPA 58 , Section 1.6 requires all
persons handling LPG to be trained in proper
handling and operating procedures.

FIGURE 2. TYPICAL ENGINE CONFIGURATION

FUEL RECOMMENDATIONS
[Awarning I Gasoline and LPG are highly flam¬
mable fuels andean cause severe personal inju¬
ry or death. Do not smoke if you smell gas or
gasoline or are near fuel tanks or fuel-burning
equipment or are in an area sharing ventilation
with such equipment. Keep flames, sparks, pilot
lights, electrical arcs and arc-producing equip¬
ment and all other sources of ignition well away.
Keep a type ABC fire extinguisher nearby.
Gasoline Models
Use clean, fresh unleaded gasoline having a mini¬
mum octane rating (Anti-Knock index) of 87 .
During some times of the year only mandated “oxy¬
genated” gasolines may be available. These are ac¬
ceptable for use, but not preferable. Leaded gaso¬
line may be used but will result in the extra mainte¬
nance required for removing combustion chamber
and spark plug deposits. Do not use gasoline or
gasoline additives (de-icers) containing methanol
because methanol can be corrosive to fuel system
components.
percent propane. Commercial LPG may contain
more than 2.5 percent butane which can result in
poor fuel vaporization and poor engine starting in
low ambient temperatures (below 32 ° F ( 0 ° C).
Natural Gas Models
Use commercially available natural gas fuel.
ENGINE OIL RECOMMENDATIONS
Use premium quality motor oil. Look for the API
(American Petroleum Institute) classification and
use Class SG or SH oil (also SG/CD, SG/CE, SH/
CD or SH/CE). Also look for the SAE (Society of Au¬
tomotive Engineers) viscosity grade. Referring to
Table 1 , choose the viscosity grade appropriate for
the ambient temperatures expected during the peri¬
od of time until the next scheduled oil change.
Single-grade SAE 30 oil is preferable when temper¬
atures are consistently above freezing. Multigrade
oils are better when wide temperature variations are
expected.
IA caution I Do not use gasoline or gasoline ad¬
ditives containing methanol because methanol
can be corrosive to fuel system components.
Avoid using highly leaded gasolines and lead
additives because of the extra engine mainte¬
nance that will be required.
LPG Models
Use clean, fresh HD -5 grade liquified petroleum gas
(LPG) or equivalent product consisting of at least 90
TABLE 1. OIL VISCOSITY VS. TEMPERATURE
EXPECTED AMBIENT
TEMPERATURES
SAE
VISCOSITY
GRADE
32° F (0° C) and higher
30
10° F to 100° F (-12° C to 38° C)
15W-40
(OnaMax)
0° F to 80° F (-18° C to 27° C)
10W-30
10 W-40 |
-20° F to 50° F (-28° C to 10° C)
5W-30 1

STARTING BATTERIES
EXHAUST SYSTEM
The engine is equipped with a 12 volt electric starter.
Prompt starting requires sufficient battery capacity
and battery cable size. Neither cranking perfor¬
mance nor starter service life will be satisfactory
with an undersized battery.
Regular, monthly maintenance of batteries may be
required. See Periodic Maintenance and any
instructions available from the equipment or battery
manufacturer. It should be noted that as long as the
equipment is operated regularly, the automatic bat¬
tery recharging system on the engine should be
able to maintain battery charge. See OUT-OF-SER-
VICE PROTECTION under Operation regarding
battery care during storage for prolonged periods.
EXHAUST GAS IS DEADLY! Mobile engine-pow¬
ered equipment must never be operated inside
buildings or other enclosed spaces without ample
fresh air ventilation.
Stationary engine-powered equipment installed in¬
side buildings or other enclosed spaces must be
equipped with a leak-free exhaust system that car¬
ries all exhaust gases to the outside, well away from
all windows, doors, vents and other openings into
the building or enclosure.
It is the responsibility of the equipment operator(s)
to check for exhaust leaks on a daily basis and to
have all leaks repaired before continuing to operate
the equipment.

IAwARNiNGi EXHAUST GAS IS DEADLY!
Exhaust gases contain carbon monoxide, an odorless and colorless gas. Carbon monoxide is poi¬
sonous and can cause unconsciousness and death. Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning in¬
clude:
• Dizziness • Throbbing in Temples
• Nausea • Muscular Twitching
• Headache • Vomiting
• Weakness and Sleepiness • Inability to Think Coherently
IF YOU OR ANYONE ELSE EXPERIENCE ANY OF THESE S YMPTOMS, GET OUT INTO THE FRESH
AIR IMMEDIATELY. If symptoms persist, seek medical attention. Shut down the engine and do not
operate it until it has been inspected and repaired.
Make certain the exhaust system is properly installed. Inspect it every time the engine is started and
after every eight hours of continuous operation.
PRE-START CHECKS
Before the first start of the day and after every eight
hours of operation perform the maintenance
instructed in DAILY (8 HOUR) MAINTENANCE un¬
der Periodic Maintenance. Keep a log of mainte¬
nance and the hours run and perform any mainte¬
nance that may be due. Also, if the equipment has
been in storage, return the engine to service as
instructed under RETURNING THE ENGINE TO
SERVICE in this section.
Always follow the equipment manufacturer’s oper¬
ating instructions and observe all precautions when
operating power equipment.
IAwarningI Moving parts can cause severe
personal injury or death. Hot exhaust parts can
cause severe burns. Stay clear of hot or moving
parts. Make sure all protective shields and
guards are secure in place before starting up the
equipment.
STARTING
1 . C heck the oil levei if this is the first start of the
day and add oil as necessary.
IA caution] Starting the engine without oil
will cause severe engine damage. Always
keep the engine oil level between the Full
and Add marks on the dipstick.
2 . Fill the gasoline or LPG fuel tank, if necessary,
and open any fuel shutoff valve; for example,
the valve(s) at the LPG container(s).
3 . Release the clutch if the engine is so equipped.
4. If this is a gasoline engine with a manual choke,
pull the choke knob out to its full-choke position.
On equipment with a solenoid operated choke,
push the switch to its choke position. In warm
weather, however, or when the engine is warm,
try starting without the choke.
5 . Push the throttle knob or lever to the middle of
its speed range.
6 . Turn the ignition-start switch to its start position
and hold it there until the engine starts. Do not
crank for more than 30 seconds at a time and
wait at least one minute between tries when
cranking. See Troubleshooting if the engine
does not start after several tries.
7 . If this is a gasoline engine with a manual choke,
keep your hand on the choke knob and slowly
push it in to the full-open choke position, pulling
back if necessary to keep the engine running
smoothly. The colder the weather the longer it
will take the engine to start running smoothly
with the choke fully open. Do not operate the
equipment until the engine has warmed up suf¬
ficiently to run smoothly with the choke fully
open.

OPERATION IN HOT WEATHER
ENGINE BREAK-IN
Engine break-in as a result of proper care during the
first hours of operation of a new or rebuilt engine re¬
sults in the ideal fitting of all internal moving metal
parts, which is essentia! for top engine perfor¬
mance. For controlled engine break-in:
1. Operate the equipment as it is intended to be
operated. However, for the first 3 hours, if pos¬
sible, operate the equipment at about half the
available engine power, occasionally operating
at full engine power for brief periods. Also, if
possible, avoid prolonged low-speed, low-pow¬
er operation during engine break-in.
2. Proper engine oil is especially critical during
break-in because of the higher engine temper¬
atures that can be expected. See REC¬
OMMENDED ENGINE OIL in Introduction.
Change the oil if it is not appropriate for the am¬
bient temperatures during the break-in period.
See Table 1.
3. Check the oil level twice a day or after every 4
hours of operation during the first 24 hours of
operation.
4. Change the oil and oil filter after the first 24
hours of operation.
5. See Table 2 for engine models which require
valve clearance adjustment after the first 50
hours of operation.
OPERATION IN DUSTY CONDITIONS
1. Keep the engine cooling fins and flywheel air in¬
let screen clean.
2. Perform air cleaner maintenance more often
than normal—as required. See Table 2.
3. Change the engine oil and oil filter more often
than normal. See Table 2.
Pay particular attention to the following items when
operating the engine in temperatures above 100° F
(38° C):
1. Keep the flywheel air inlet screen and cylinder
cooling fins clean. See to it that nothing ob¬
structs air flow to and from the engine.
2. Check the oil level more frequently.
3. Change the oil and oil filter more often than nor¬
mal. See Table 2.
4. Make sure the engine oil viscosity is appropri¬
ate for the ambient temperatures and change
the oii if necessary. See Table 1.
OPERATION IN COLD WEATHER
Pay particular attention to the following items when
operating the engine in temperatures below freez¬
ing:
1. M ake sure the engine oil viscosity is appropri¬
ate for the ambient temperatures and change
the oil if necessary. See Table 1. If the tempera¬
ture drops before you have the chance to
change the oil, warm up the engine by moving
the equipment into a heated space before at¬
tempting to start the engine or change oil.
I Awarning I EXHAUST GAS IS DEADLY!
Never operate mobile engine-powered
equipment indoors without ample fresh air
ventilation.
2. Use fresh gasoline and fill the fuel tank after
each day’s use to reduce problems with mois¬
ture condensation if this is a gasoline engine.
3. Keep the battery in a well-charged condition.
4. A fter each use push the equipment throttle
knob or lever to the middle of its speed range
so that if ice forms on the linkage during storage
it will be easier to start the engine.
7

OUT-OF-SERVICE PROTECTION
Protect an engine that will be out of service for more
than 30 days as follows:
5. Clean the governor linkage and wrap it with a
clean doth for protection.
6. Plug the exhaust outlet to prevent moisture,
dirt, bugs, etc. from entering.
7. Provide a suitable cover for the entire unit.
1. R un the engine until it reaches norma! operat¬
ing temperature, shut off the fuel supply and let
the engine run until it stops. Also, if the equip¬
ment will not be operated for more than 120
days, add a fuel preservative (OnaFresh ™ ) to
the equipment fuel tank (gasoiine engines
only). Follow the instructions on the container
label. Unless a preservative (stabilizer) is add¬
ed, the gasoiine will deteriorate causing fuel
system corrosion, gum formation and varnish¬
like deposits which can lead to hard starting
and rough operation.
[Awarning] Gasoline preservatives (stabi¬
lizers) are toxic. Follow the instructions on
the container label. Avoid skin contact.
Wash your hands with soap and water after
dispensing the fluid.
2. Drain the oil from the engine while it is still
warm. Refill with fresh oil and attach a tag stat¬
ing the viscosity of the oil used.
3. Remove the spark plugs and squirt 1 ounce
(2 tablespoons or 28 grams) of rust inhibitor or
SAE 30 oil into each cylinder. Crank the engine
over a few times and reinstall the spark plugs.
4. Perform air cleaner maintenance as instructed
in Periodic Maintenance.
. If so equipped, disconnect the battery (nega¬
tive [-] cable first) and follow the battery or
equipment manufacturer’s storage instruc¬
tions.
1. Remove the cover and all protective wrapping
and the plug from the exhaust outlet.
2. Check the tag on the oil base. Change the oil if
the viscosity is not appropriate for the expected
ambient temperatures. See Table 1.
;heck the fuel filter and fuel Sines to make sure
^ \ §
Check to see that the choke, throttle and gover¬
nor linkages move freely.
5. If so equipped, clean and check the batten/ ac¬
cording to the battery or equipment manufac¬
turer's instructions and connect the battery
cables (positive [+] cable first).
6 . Start the engine. T he initial startup may be slow
and there may be smoke and rough operation
for a few minutes until the oil in the cylinder
burns off. If the engine does not start, clean or
replace the spark plugs as they may have been
fouled by the oil added to the cylinder when the
equipment was stored.
OnaFresh is a trademark of the Onan Corporation.

Periodic
aintenance
y - kr.
Periodic maintenance is essential for top engine notes in the table. Keep a
of maintenance pen-
performance. Use Table 2 as a guide for normal pe- formed and the hours run. Recording maintenance
riodic maintenance. Under hot or dusty operating will help you keep it regular and provide a basis for
conditions some maintenance operations should be supporting warranty claims,
performed more frequently, as indicated by the foot-
TABLE 2. PERIODIC ENGINE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
MAINTENANCE FREQUENCY
MAINTENANCE OPERATION
Every
Day or
Every 8
Hours
Every 50
Hours
f- '
*
Every
Month
Every
100
Hours
Every
200
Hours
Every
500
Hours
Every
1,000
Hours
nspect Engine
Check Oil Level
Clean Air Cleaner Foam Wrapper
Clean Cylinder Cooling Fins
Check Starting Battery
Change Engine Oil—Standard
(Low Profile) Base
Change Engine Oil-
High Capacity Bases
Change Engine Oil Filter
Replace Fuel Filter (if so equipped)
Replace Air Cleaner Element
Replace Spark Plugs
Adjust Engine Valve Clearance
(Model P224 only)
Adjust Engine Valve Clearance
(Models P216, P218 and P220)
Clean Cylinder Heads of Deposits
I Check for oil, fuel and exhaust leaks, loose parts and unusual noises and vibrations.
I Perform after the first 24 hours of operation as a part of engine break-in.
3 Perform after the first 50 hours of operation as a part of engine break-in.
t Perform more often when operating in dusty conditions.
3 Perform more often when operating in hot conditions.
3 See instructions for battery care provided by the equipment or battery manufacturer.
7 Must be performed by a qualified mechanic according to the engine Service Manual.
3 Clean more often when using leaded fuel or running the engine continuously under light load,
combustion cleaner is recommended every 200 hours of operation.
Onan 4C carburetor and

DAILY (8 HOUR) MAINTENANCE
The operator should check the following before the
first start of the day and after every eight hours of op¬
eration:
an SAE viscosity grade appropriate for the ex¬
pected temperatures, as indicated by Table 1.
DO NOT FILL TO A LEVEL ABOVE THE FULL
MARK ON THE DIPSTICK. Drain the excess oi!
if too much has been added.
1. Inspect fuel lines and fittings for leaks. Repair
leaks immediately.
2. Look and listen for exhaust system leaks while
the engine is running. Look for cracks and se¬
vere rusting in the muffler and tailpipe. Have all
leaks repaired before continuing to operate the
equipment.
IAwarningI Hot exhaust parts can cause
severe burns. Allow the engine time to coot
before servicing the exhaust system.
3. Check the engine for dirt and debris and clean
the flywheel air inlet screen and cylinder cool¬
ing fins as necessary.
IA caution 1 A clogged flywheel air inlet
screen or dirty cooling fins can cause over¬
heating and engine damage. Keep the cool¬
ing fins and air inlet screen clean.
4. Check the engine oil level. The equipment must
be parked on a level surface and the engine
stopped. To get an accurate reading, wait a
minute or so to allow the oil to settle in the
crankcase if the engine has been running.
FA warning I Crankcase pressure can blow
hot engine oil out the fill tube causing se¬
vere burns. Always stop the engine before
removing the oil fill cap.
Turn the oil fill cap (Figure 3) counterclockwise
and then lift it from the fill tube. Wipe the dip
stick clean and push it back into the oil fill tube
until the cap seats and then withdraw it to check
the oil level.
If the oil level is low, add API Class SG or SH oil
(also SG/CD, SG/CE, SH/CD or SH/CE) having
FA CAUTiON I Too much oil can cause high oil
consumption, high operating temperatures
and oil foaming. Too little oil can cause se¬
vere engine damage. Keep the oil level be¬
tween the Full and Add marks on the dip¬
stick.
Reinstall the dipstick and cap after checking or
adding oil, turning it clockwise until it is secure.
FIGURE 3. OIL FILL CAP AND DIPSTICK
10

ENGINE OIL AND FILTER CHANGE
IA wa r nIngI State and federal agencies have de¬
termined that contact with used engine oil can
cause cancer or reproductive toxicity. Take care
to limit skin contact and breathing of vapors as
much as possible. Use rubber gloves and wash
exposed skin.
Refer to Table 2 for scheduled oil change and filter
replacement. See Figure 2 on Page 3 for oil filter
and oil drain locations.
1. Run the engine until it is warm. Stop the engine
and disconnect the spark plug and, if so
equipped, the battery' (negative [-] cable).
[AwarningI Accidental starting of the en¬
gine can result in severe personal injury or
death,. Always disconnect the spark plug
and the battery (negative [-] cable) before
changing oil.
2. Remove the oil fill cap.
[Awarning I Crankcase pressure can blow
hot engine oil out the fill opening causing
severe burns. Always stop the engine be¬
fore removing the oil fill cap.
3. Place a pan under the oil drain opening and re¬
move the oil drain plug. Reinstall the plug se¬
curely after the oil has drained completely.
4. Spin off the oil filter canister, drain the oil and
discard the filter according to local regulations.
5. Thoroughly wipe off the filter mounting surface.
6 . Make sure the gasket is in place on the filter
canister and apply a thin film of oil to the gasket.
7. Spin on the new filter canister by hand until the
gasket just touches the mounting pad and then
turn it an additional 1/2 to 3/4 turn. Do not over¬
tighten.
8 . Refill with API Class SG or SH oil (also SG/CD,
SG/CE, SH/CD or SH/CE) having an SAE vis¬
cosity grade appropriate for the expected tem¬
peratures, as indicated by Table 1. See Specifi¬
cations for the oil capacity.
DO NOT FILL TO A LEVEL ABOVE THE FULL
MARK ON THE DIPSTICK. Drain the excess oil
if too much has been added.
IA caution I Too much oil can cause high oil
consumption, high operating temperatures
and oil foaming. Too little oil can cause se¬
vere engine damage. Keep the oil level be¬
tween the Full and Add marks on the dip¬
stick.
9. Reconnect the spark plug and battery.
10. Start the engine and run it for a short time while
checking for oil leaks around the drain plug and
oil filter. Do not overtighten: tighten only as nec¬
essary to eliminate leaks.
11. Used oil is harmful to the environment. Pourthe
used oil into a sealed container and deliver it to
the nearest recycling center.
11

CARBURETOR ADJUSTMENTS
These engines have precision-manufactured car¬
buretors which are not adjustable.
RECONNECTING THE CHOKE CABLE
If necessary, and if this is a gasoline engine with a
manual choke, refer to Figure 5 or 6, as appropriate,
and reconnect and reclamp the choke cable as fol¬
lows:
1 . Stop the engine and disconnect the spark plugs
and, if so equipped, the battery (negative [-]
cable).
IAwarningI Accidental starting of the en¬
gine can result in severe personal injury or
death. Always disconnect the spark plug
and battery (negative [-] cable) before re¬
setting the engine control cables.
2. Push the equipment choke knob to the full-
open choke position.
3. Connect the choke cable to the choke lever.
(The cable will either hook into the choke lever
or be clamped by a screw in a swivel on the
choke lever. See Figure 6.) Pull the slack out of
the cable and clamp it.
4. Check for smooth movement and full travel of
the equipment choke knob. Remove the air
cleaner element as explained under Periodic
Maintenance to see that the choke plate opens
and closes fully.
5. Reassemble the air cleaner and reconnect the
spark plug and battery.
CHOKE LEVER
(open position)
\'
ovo
CLOSE
CHOKE
CABLE
CLAMP
FIGURE 5. REAR-PULL CHOKE CABLE
INTERMEDIATE
LINK AND LEVER
CHOKE LEVER
(open position)
p
o
CLOSE
CHOKE
SWIVEL
CLAMP
CABLE
CLAMP
FIGURE 6. FRONT-PULL CHOKE CABLE
\
14

ENGINE SPEED ADJUSTMENTS
Normally there is no need to adjust engine speed.
These instructions are for the equipment manufac¬
turer in setting up and adjusting the equipment.
Engine speed adjustment must be attempted only
by a qualified mechanic and the adjustments must
be made using an accurate tachometer. Set the low-
idle and high-idle speeds to the values specified in
the equipment Operator’s Manual. In the absence
of such specifications it is recommended that low-
idle speed be adjusted to 1100 RPM and high-idle
speed to 3400 RPM.
fAWARNiNGl Adjusting the engine speed to a val¬
ue above that specified by the equipment
manufacture could cause the equipment to op¬
erate at speeds in violation of Federal and State
Standards for Safety for the equipment.
IAwarningI Moving parts can cause severe per¬
sonal injury or death. Take care when measur¬
ing engine speed with a tachometer and follow
the meter instructions. You must be a qualified
mechanic.
Referring to Figure 7, adjust the low-idle and high-
idle engine speeds as follows:
1. Start the engine, observing all of the equipment
manufacturer’s instructions and precautions.
2. If the throttle cable has already been con¬
nected, loosen the clamp at the engine and
back out the low-idle speed stop screw so that
the speed stop screw on the carburetor
touches its stop. Adjust engine speed to
1000 RPM with the carburetor speed stop
screw.
3. Turn the low-idle speed stop screw to obtain the
specified low-idle speed.
4. Move the engine throttle link up against its stop
tang and hold it there while bending the tang as
necessary to obtain the specified high-idle
speed.
5. Hook the engine throttle link with the throttle
cable, pull the slack out of the throttle cable and
tighten the clamp. Check for full, smooth move¬
ment of the engine throttle link between its two
stop positions when the equipment throttle le¬
ver is moved through its full range.
FIGURE 7. TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF PARTS
FOR SPEED ADJUSTMENTS
15

Troubleshooting
Table 3 provides basic troubleshooting guidance. If sonnei with knowledge of fuels, electricity, and
you fail to resolve the problem after taking the cor- machinery hazards should perform service pro¬
tective actions suggested, contact the equipment or cedures. Review the safety precautions inside
Onan dealer. the cover page.
IAwarningI Many troubleshooting procedures \ A warnsng I Hot engine parts can cause severe
present hazards that can result in severe per- burns. Always allow the engine time to cool
sonal injury or death. Only qualified service per- before performing any maintenance or service.
Problem
1. The engine fails to crank
2. The engine cranks slowly.
3. The engine cranks but fails
to start.
4. The engine runs and then
stops.
5. The engine exhausts black
(dark) smoke.
6 . The engine misfires.
TABLE 3. TROUBLESHOOTING
-- - -- ifciKa — M—Pi n
■ i HT iiiE— 1 WM1HTW mr u/ n> ^ r W .i n l i
Corr ective Action ___
a. Release the clutch (if so equipped).
b. Clean and tighten the positive (+) and negative (-) battery ca¬
ble connections at the battery and the engine.
c. Recharge the battery. Refer to the equipment or battery
manufacturer’s recommendations. _
a. Release the clutch (if so equipped).
b. Clean and tighten the positive (+) and negative (-) battery ca¬
ble connections at the battery and the engine.
c. Recharge the battery. Refer to the equipment or battery
manufacturer’s recommendations.
d. Change engine oil to oil having the proper viscosity for the am-
bient temperature. See Table 1. ___
a. Check the fuel tank and fill if necessary.
b. Open any closed fuel shut off valve.
c. Check engine oil level and add oil as necessary.
d. Reconnect and reclamp the choke cable (manual-choke gaso¬
line engines only). See Adjustments.
e. Service the air cleaner.
f. Replace the fuel fi!ter(if provided on gasoline engine).
g. Replace the spark plugs. __
a. Check the fuel tank and fill if necessary.
b. Check the engine oil level and add oil as necessary. Drain ex¬
cess oil if the level is above the dipstick Full mark.
c. Reconnect and reclamp the choke cable (manual-choke gaso-
line engines only). See Adjustments. _
a. Service the air cleaner.
b. Reconnect and reclamp the choke cable (manual-choke gaso-
line engines only). See Adjustments. _
a. Replace the spark plugs. __
16

Model
l
P21Q
P218
P220 P224
Power at Rated Speed
(3600 RPM)
16 HP
(11.9 kW)
18 HP
(13.4 kW)
20 HP
(14.9 kW)
24 HP
(17.9 kW)
Bore
3.250 inch
(83 mm)
3.250 inch
(83 mm)
3.250 inch
(83 mm)
3.563 inch
(90 mm)
Stroke
2.625 inch
(67 mm)
2.875 inch
(73 mm)
2.875 inch
(73 mm)
3.000 inch
(76 mm)
Displacement
44 inch 3
(714 cc)
48 inch 3
(782 cc)
48 inch 3
(782 cc)
60 inch 3
(980 cc)
Compression Ratio
6.5 : 1
7.0 : 1
7.0 : 1 7.0 : 1
Engine Type
Horizontally Opposed 2-Cylinder, 4-Stroke Cycle, Spark-Ignited,
Side-Valve, Air-Cooled, Horizontal-Shaft
Oil Capacity—Low Profile
Base*
1.8 quart (1.7 1)
Oil Capacity—Medium Capacity
Base*
2.5 quart (2.4 1)
Oil Capacity—High Capacity
Base*
3.0 quart (2.8 1)
intake Valve Clearance (Coid)
0.005 inch (0.13 mm)
Exhaust Valve Clearance (Cold)
0.013 inch (0.33 mm)
Spark Plug Gap
0.025 inch (0.64 mm)
Spark Plug Tightening Torque
11 Ibs-ft (14 N-m)
Ignition Timing
20° BTDC (Non-adjustable electronic ignition)
* - With filter. See Periodic Maintenance for oil filling instructions.
17

These engines meet the requirements of Califor¬
nia’s Exhaust Emissions Standards for 1995 and
later for Utility and Lawn and Garden Equipment En¬
gines.
%
As a California user of these engines, please be
aware that unauthorized modifications or replace¬
ment of fuel, exhaust, air intake, or speed control
system components that affect engine emissions
are prohibited. Unauthorized modification, removal
or replacement of the engine label is prohibited.
You should carefully review Operator (Owner),
Installation and other manuals and information you
receive with your engine or equipment. If you are
unsure that the installation, use, maintenance or
service of your engine or equipment is authorized,
you should seek assistance from an approved Onan
engine dealer or an approved dealer for your equip¬
ment.
California engine users may use Table 4 as an aid in
locating information related to the California Air Re¬
sources Board requirements for emissions control.
TABLE 4. EMISSIONS CONTROL INFORMATION
Engine Warranty Information
The California emissions control warranty statement is located j
in the same packet of information as this manual when the en¬
gine is shipped from the factory.
Engine Valve Lash
See Specifications.
Engine Ignition Timing
See Specifications.
Engine Fuel Requirements
Gasoline Models: The engine is certified to operate on un¬
leaded gasoline. See Fuel Recommendations in Introduction.
LPG Models: The engine is certified to operate on LPG. See
Fuel Recommendations in Introduction.
Natural Gas Models: The engine is certified to operate on com¬
mercial natural gas.
Engine Fuel Mixture Settings
Gasoline Models: The engine has a precision-manufactured
carburetor which is not adjustable.
LPG Models:Tbe engine has a precision-manufactured carbu¬
retor and converter/regulator which are not adjustable.
Natural Gas Models: The engine has a precision-manufac¬
tured carburetor and regulator which are not adjustable.
Engine Lubricating Oil Requirements
Engine Adjustments
Engine Emission Control System
See Engine Oil Recommendations in Introduction.
See Adjustments.
The engine emission control system consists of internal engine
modifications (EM).__