Osburn OB02411 User manual

READANDKEEPTHISMANUALFORREFERENCE
45110A
PrintedinCanada29‐10‐2014
INSTALLATIONANDOPERATIONMANUAL
2400
(OB02411MODEL)
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USENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION
AGENCYPHASEIICERTIFIEDWOOD
STOVE
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SafetytestedaccordingtoULCS627
andUL1482Standards
byanaccreditedlaboratory
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www.osburn‐mfg.com
StoveBuilderInternationalInc.
250,ruedeCopenhague,St‐Augustin‐de‐Desmaures(Quebec)CanadaG3A2H3
Tel:(418)878‐3040Fax:(418)878‐3001
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Thismanualisavailableforfreedownloadonthemanufacturer’swebsite.Itisacopyrighted
document.Re‐saleisstrictlyprohibited.Themanufacturermayupdatethismanualfromtimeto
timeandcannotberesponsibleforproblems,injuries,ordamagesarisingoutoftheuseof
informationcontainedinanymanualobtainedfromunauthorizedsources.

Osburn2400InstallationandOperationManual
2_______________________________________________________________________________
THANKYOUFORCHOOSINGTHISOSBURNWOODSTOVE
AsoneofNorthAmerica’slargestandmostrespectedwoodstoveandfireplacemanufacturers,
StoveBuilderInternationaltakesprideinthequalityandperformanceofallitsproducts.Wewant
tohelpyougetmaximumsatisfactionasyouusethisproduct.
Inthepagesthatfollowyouwillfindgeneraladviceonwoodheating,detailedinstructionsforsafe
andeffectiveinstallation,andguidanceonhowtogetthebestperformancefromthisstoveasyou
buildandmaintainfires,andmaintainyourwoodheatingsystem.
Werecommendthatourwoodburninghearthproductsbeinstalledandservicedbyprofessionals
whoarecertifiedintheUnitedStatesbyNFI(NationalFireplaceInstitute®)orinCanadabyWETT
(WoodEnergyTechnologyTransfer)orinQuebecbyAPC(AssociationdesProfessionnelsdu
Chauffage).
Congratulationsonmakingawisepurchase.
Whenthisstoveisnotproperlyinstalled,ahousefiremayresult.Toreducetheriskoffire,
followtheinstallationinstructions.Contactlocalbuildingorfireofficialsaboutrestrictionsand
installationinspectionrequirementsinyourarea.
Pleasereadthisentiremanualbeforeyouinstallanduseyournewstove.Failuretofollow
instructionsmayresultinpropertydamage,bodilyinjury,orevendeath.Itisimportantthatyou
followtheinstallationsguidelinesexactly.
Youmayneedtoobtainabuildingpermitfortheinstallationofthisstoveandthechimneythat
itisconnectedto.Consultyourmunicipalbuildingdepartmentorfiredepartmentbefore
installationtodeterminetheneedtoobtainone.Werecommendthatyoualsoinformyour
homeinsurancecompanytofindoutiftheinstallationwillaffectyourpolicy.
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REGISTERYOURWARRANTYONLINE
Toreceivefullwarrantycoverage,youwillneedtoshowevidenceof
thedateyoupurchasedyourstove.Keepyoursalesinvoice.Wealso
recommendthatyouregisteryourwarrantyonlineat:
http://www.osburn‐mfg.com/warranty‐registration.aspx
Registeringyourwarrantyonlinewillhelpustoquicklytrackthe
informationweneedaboutyourstove.
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Osburn2400InstallationandOperationManual
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Tableofcontent
PART A - OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ...............................6
1Safety Information .....................................................................6
1.1SummaryofOperationandMaintenanceCautionsandWarnings......................................6
2General Information...................................................................7
2.1OSBURN2400Specifications.................................................................................................7
2.2ZoneHeatingandHowtoMakeitWorkforYou..................................................................9
2.3TheBenefitsofLowEmissionsandHighEfficiency...............................................................9
2.4TheSBICommitmenttoYouandtheEnvironment............................................................10
2.4.1WhatisYourNewStoveMadeOf?..................................................................................10
3Fuel............................................................................................11
3.1MaterialsThatShouldNotbeBurned.................................................................................11
3.2HowtoPrepareorBuyGoodFirewood..............................................................................11
3.2.1WhatisGoodFirewood?.................................................................................................11
3.2.2TreeSpecies.....................................................................................................................11
3.2.3LogLength........................................................................................................................12
3.2.4PieceSize..........................................................................................................................12
3.2.5HowtoDryFirewood.......................................................................................................13
3.2.6JudgingFirewoodMoistureContent...............................................................................14
3.3ManufacturedLogs..............................................................................................................14
4Operating Your Stove..............................................................15
4.1YourFirstFires.....................................................................................................................15
4.2LightingFires........................................................................................................................15
4.2.1ConventionalFireStarting...............................................................................................15
4.2.2TheTopDownFire...........................................................................................................16
4.2.3TwoParallelLogs..............................................................................................................16
4.2.4UsingFireStarters............................................................................................................16
4.3MaintainingWoodFires......................................................................................................17
4.3.1GeneralAdvice.................................................................................................................17
4.3.2AshRemoval.....................................................................................................................17
4.3.3RakingCharcoal................................................................................................................18
4.3.4FiringEachNewLoadHot................................................................................................18

Osburn2400InstallationandOperationManual
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4.3.5TurningDowntheAirSupply...........................................................................................19
4.3.6BuildingDifferentFiresforDifferentNeeds....................................................................19
5Maintaining Your Wood Heating System...............................21
5.1StoveMaintenance..............................................................................................................21
5.1.1PlatedFinishMaintenance...............................................................................................21
5.1.2CleaningDoorGlass.........................................................................................................21
5.1.3Dooradjustment..............................................................................................................22
5.1.4ReplacingtheDoorGasket...............................................................................................23
5.1.5ReplacingtheGlassGasketand/ortheGlass..................................................................23
5.1.6CleaningandPaintingtheStove......................................................................................24
5.2ChimneyandChimneyConnectorMaintenance.................................................................24
5.2.1WhyChimneyCleaningisNecessary...............................................................................24
5.2.2HowOftenShouldYouCleantheChimney?...................................................................25
5.2.3CleaningtheChimney......................................................................................................25
PART B - INSTALLATION.............................................................26
6Safety Information ...................................................................26
6.1SummaryofInstallationCautionsandWarnings................................................................26
6.2RegulationsCoveringStoveInstallation..............................................................................27
7Clearances to Combustible Material......................................28
7.1Locationofthecertificationlabel........................................................................................28
7.2ClearancestoWallsandCeiling...........................................................................................28
7.3Floorprotector.....................................................................................................................31
7.4ReducingWallandCeilingClearancesSafely......................................................................32
7.4.1ShieldConstructionRules................................................................................................32
7.4.2TableofClearanceReductionPercentages.....................................................................34
8The Venting System.................................................................35
8.1General................................................................................................................................35
8.2SuitableChimneys...............................................................................................................35
8.2.1Factory‐builtMetalChimneys..........................................................................................35
8.2.2Factory‐builtMetalChimneysinmobilehomes..............................................................36
8.2.3MasonryChimneys...........................................................................................................37
8.3MinimumChimneyHeight...................................................................................................37
8.4TheRelationshipBetweentheChimneyandtheHouse.....................................................38

Osburn2400InstallationandOperationManual
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8.4.1Whyinsidechimneysarepreferred.................................................................................38
8.4.2Whythechimneyshouldpenetratethehighestheatedspace.......................................39
8.5SupplyofCombustionAir....................................................................................................39
8.5.1CombustionAirSupplyinMobileHomes........................................................................40
8.5.2AirSupplyinConventionalHouses..................................................................................40
8.6InstallingtheChimneyConnector.......................................................................................40
8.6.1InstallationofSingleWallChimneyConnector...............................................................41
Appendix 1: Installing the Door Overlay ....................................43
Appendix 2: Installing the Optional Fresh Air Kit
(OA10500/AC02090)......................................................................44
Appendix 3: Installation and Use of Optional Air Circulation
Fan (OA10510)...............................................................................45
Appendix 4: Installation of Secondary Air Tubes and Baffle ...47
Appendix 5: Exploded Diagram and Parts List..........................49
OSBURN LIMITED LIFETIME WARRANTY .................................52
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Osburn2400InstallationandOperationManual
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PARTA‐OPERATIONANDMAINTENANCE
PleaseseePartBforinstallationinstructions.
1SAFETYINFORMATION
1.1 SUMMARYOFOPERATIONANDMAINTENANCECAUTIONSANDWARNINGS
•HOTWHILEINOPERATION,KEEPCHILDREN,CLOTHINGANDFURNITUREAWAY.CONTACT
MAYCAUSESKINBURNS.GLOVESMAYBENEEDEDFORSTOVEOPERATION.
•USINGASTOVEWITHCRACKEDORBROKENCOMPONENTS,SUCHASGLASSORFIREBRICKS
ORBAFFLESMAYPRODUCEANUNSAFECONDITIONANDMAYDAMAGETHESTOVE.
•OPENTHEAIRCONTROLFULLYBEFOREOPENINGFIRINGDOOR.
•THISSTOVEISNOTDESIGNEDTOBEUSEDWITHTHEDOOROPEN.THEDOORMAYBEOPEN
ONLYDURINGLIGHTINGPROCEDURESORRELOADING.DONOTLEAVETHESTOVE
UNATTENDEDWHENTHEDOORISSLIGHTLYOPENEDDURINGIGNITION.ALWAYSCLOSETHE
DOORAFTERIGNITION.
•NEVERUSEGASOLINE,GASOLINE‐TYPELANTERNFUEL(NAPHTHA),FUELOIL,MOTOROIL,
KEROSENE,CHARCOALLIGHTERFLUID,ORSIMILARLIQUIDSORAEROSOLSTOSTARTOR
‘FRESHENUP’AFIREINTHISSTOVE.KEEPALLSUCHLIQUIDSORAEROSOLSWELLAWAY
FROMTHESTOVEWHILEITISINUSE.
•DONOTSTOREFUELWITHINHEATERMINIMUMINSTALLATIONCLEARANCES.
•BURNONLYSEASONEDNATURALFIREWOOD.
•DONOTBURN:
oGARBAGEOFANYKIND,
oCOALORCHARCOAL,
oTREATED,PAINTEDORCOATEDWOOD,
oPLYWOODORPARTICLEBOARD,
oFINEPAPER,COLOREDPAPERORCARDBOARD,
oSALTWATERDRIFTWOOD,OR
oRAILROADTIES.
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•DONOTELEVATETHEFIREBYUSINGAGRATEINTHISSTOVE.
•THISAPPLIANCESHOULDBEMAINTAINEDANDOPERATEDATALLTIMESINACCORDANCE
WITHTHESEINSTRUCTIONS.

Osburn2400InstallationandOperationManual
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2GENERALINFORMATION
2.1 OSBURN2400SPECIFICATIONS
FuelTypeCordwood
TestStandards(safety)ULCS627andUL1482
TestStandard(emissions)EPAMethod28(40CFRPart60)
Heatingcapacityrange*1000to2700sq.ft.(93to251m2)
Maximumheatoutput**
(EPAtestfuel)44,126BTU/h(12.9kW/h)
Maximumheatoutput**
(naturalhardwoodfuel)100,000BTU/h(29.3kW/h)
Optimumefficiency78%
Particulate Emissions 3.9 g/h
TestStandard(efficiency)CSAB415.1
ApproximateBurnTime9to10hours
ShippingWeight525lb(238kg)
FireboxVolume3.2cu.ft.(0.091m3)
MaximumLogLength21"east‐west
FlueOutletDiameter: 6"(150mm)diameter(vertical)
BaffleMaterialC‐Cast
Mobile home approved Yes
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*Burntimeandheatingcapacitymayvarysubjecttolocationinhome,chimneydraft,chimney
diameter,locality,heatlossfactors,climate,fuelsandothervariables.
**TheEPAtestfuelisdimensionalDouglasfirpiecesstapledtogetherintocribswithairspaces
between.Wealsotestusingthesameprocedureexceptusingsplithardwoodfirewoodtoreflect
real‐worldheatoutput.Thisstoveisnotintendedtooperateatitspeakheatoutputcontinuously.
***East‐west:throughthedooryouseethesidesofthelogs;north‐south:throughthedooryou
seetheendsofthelogs.

Osburn2400InstallationandOperationManual
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Osburn2400InstallationandOperationManual
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2.2 ZONEHEATINGANDHOWTOMAKEITWORKFORYOU
YournewOsburn2400woodstoveisaspaceheater,whichmeansitisintendedtoheattheareait
isinstalledin,aswellasspacesthatconnecttothatarea,althoughtoalowertemperature.Thisis
calledzoneheatinganditisanincreasinglypopularwaytoheathomesorspaceswithinhomes.
Zoneheatingcanbeusedtosupplementanotherheatingsystembyheatingaparticularspace
withinahome,suchasabasementfamilyroomoranadditionthatlacksanotherheatsource.
Housesofmoderatesizeandrelativelynewconstructioncanbeheatedwithaproperlysizedand
locatedwoodstove.Wholehousezoneheatingworksbestwhenthestoveislocatedinthepartof
thehousewherethefamilyspendsmostofitstime.Thisisnormallythemainlivingareawhere
thekitchen,diningandlivingroomsarelocated.Bylocatingthestoveinthisarea,youwillgetthe
maximumbenefitoftheheatitproducesandwillachievethehighestpossibleheatingefficiency
andcomfort.Thespacewhereyouspendmostofyourtimewillbewarmest,whilebedroomsand
basement(ifthereisone)willstaycooler.Inthisway,youwillburnlesswoodthanwithother
formsofheating.
Althoughthestovemaybeabletoheatthemainlivingareasofyourhousetoanadequate
temperature,westronglyrecommendthatyoualsohaveaconventionaloil,gasorelectricheating
systemtoprovidebackupheating.
Yoursuccesswithzoneheatingwilldependonseveralfactors,includingthecorrectsizingand
locationofthestove,thesize,layoutandageofyourhomeandyourclimatezone.Three‐season
vacationhomescanusuallybeheatedwithsmallerstovesthanhousesthatareheatedallwinter.
2.3 THEBENEFITSOFLOWEMISSIONSANDHIGHEFFICIENCY
ThelowsmokeemissionsproducedbythespecialfeaturesinsidetheOsburn2400fireboxmean
thatyourhouseholdwillreleaseupto90percentlesssmokeintotheoutsideenvironmentthanif

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youusedanolderconventionalstove.Butthereismoretotheemissioncontroltechnologiesthan
protectingtheenvironment.
Thesmokereleasedfromwoodwhenitisheatedcontainsabouthalfoftheenergycontentofthe
fuel.Byburningthewoodcompletely,yourstovereleasesalltheheatenergyfromthewood
insteadofwastingitassmokeupthechimney.Also,thefeaturesinsidethefireboxallowyouto
reducetheairsupplytocontrolheatoutput,whilemaintainingcleanandefficientflaming
combustion,whichbooststheefficientdeliveryofheattoyourhome.
Theemissioncontrolandadvancedcombustionfeaturesofyourstovecanonlyworkproperlyif
yourfuelisinthecorrectmoisturecontentrangeof15to20percent.SeeSection3ofthismanual
forsuggestionsonpreparingfuelwoodandjudgingitsmoisture.
2.4 THESBICOMMITMENTTOYOUANDTHEENVIRONMENT
TheSBIteamarecommittedtoprotectingtheenvironment,sowedoeverythingwecantouse
onlymaterialsinourproductsthatwillhavenolastingnegativeimpactontheenvironment.
2.4.1 WHATISYOURNEWSTOVEMADEOF?
Thebodyofyourstove,whichismostofitsweight,iscarbonsteel.Shoulditeverbecome
necessarymanyyearsinthefuture,almosttheentirestovecanberecycledintonewproducts,
thuseliminatingtheneedtominenewmaterials.
Thepaintcoatonyourstoveisverythin.ItsVOCcontent(VolatileOrganicComponents)isvery
low.VOCscanberesponsibleforsmog,soallthepaintusedduringthemanufacturingprocess
meetsthelatestairqualityrequirementswithregardstoVOCreductionorelimination.
Theairtubesarestainlesssteel,whichcanalsoberecycled.
TheC‐Castbaffleismadeofanaluminosilicatefibrematerialthatiscompressedwithabinderto
formarigidboard.C‐Castcanwithstandtemperaturesabove2,000°F.Itisnotconsidered
hazardouswaste.Disposalatalandfillisrecommended.
Firebrickismainlycomposedofsilicondioxide,alsoknownassilica,anearthderivedproduct.Itis
mostcommonlyfoundinnatureintheformofsandandclay.Disposalatalandfillis
recommended.
Thedoorandglassgasketsarefibreglasswhichisspunfrommeltedsand.Blackgasketshavebeen
dippedintoasolvent‐freesolution.Disposalatalandfillisrecommended.
Thedoorglassisa5mmthickceramicmaterialthatcontainsnotoxicchemicals.Itisbasically
madeofrawearthmaterialssuchassandandquartzthatarecombinedinsuchawaytoforma
glassathightemperatures.Ceramicglasswillnotre‐meltinthesamewayasnormalglass,soit
shouldnotberecycledwithyourregularhouseholdproducts.Disposalatalandfillis
recommended.


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3FUEL
3.1 MATERIALSTHATSHOULDNOTBEBURNED
•GARBAGEOFANYKIND,
•COALORCHARCOAL,
•TREATED,PAINTEDORCOATEDWOOD,
•PLYWOODORPARTICLEBOARD,
•FINEPAPER,COLOREDPAPERORCARDBOARD,
•SALTWATERDRIFTWOOD
•MANUFACTUREDLOGSCONTAININGWAXORCHEMICALADDITIVES
•RAILROADTIES
•LIQUIDSSUCHASKEROSCENEORDIESELFUELTOSTARTAFIRE
3.2 HOWTOPREPAREORBUYGOODFIREWOOD
3.2.1 WHATISGOODFIREWOOD?
Goodfirewoodhasbeencuttothecorrectlengthforthestove,splittoarangeofsizesand
stackedintheopenuntilitsmoisturecontentisreducedto15to20percent.
3.2.2 TREESPECIES
Thetreespeciesthefirewoodisproducedfromislessimportantthanitsmoisturecontent.The
maindifferenceinfirewoodfromvarioustreespeciesisthedensityofthewood.Hardwoodsare
denserthansoftwoods.PeoplewholiveinthecoldestregionsofNorthAmericausuallyhaveonly
spruce,birchandpoplar,otherlow‐densityspeciestoburnandyettheycanheattheirhomes
successfully.
Homeownerswithaccesstobothhardwoodandsoftwoodfuelsometimesusebothtypesfor
differentpurposes.Forexample,softerwoodsmakegoodfuelforrelativelymildweatherinspring
andfallbecausetheylightquicklyandproducelessheatSoftwoodsarenotasdenseashardwoods
soagivenvolumeofwoodcontainslessenergy.Usingsoftwoodsavoidsoverheatingthehouse,
whichcanbeacommonproblemwithwoodheatinginmoderateweather.Harderwoodsarebest
forcolderwinterweatherwhenmoreheatandlongerburncyclesaredesirable.
Notethathardwoodtreeslikeoak,maple,ashandbeechareslowergrowingandlongerlivedthan
softerwoodslikepoplarandbirch.Thatmakeshardwoodtreesmorevaluable.Theadvicethat
onlyhardwoodsaregoodtoburnisoutdated.Old,leakycastironstoveswouldn’tholdafire
overnightunlesstheywerefedlargepiecesofhardwood.Thatisnolongertrue.Youcan
successfullyheatyourhomebyusingthelessdesirabletreespeciesandgivetheforestabreakat
thesametime.

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3.2.3 LOGLENGTH
Logsshouldbecutabout1”(25mm)shorter
thanthefireboxsotheyfitineasily.Piecesthat
areevenslightlytoolongmakeloadingthe
stoveverydifficult.Themostcommonstandard
lengthoffirewoodis16”(400mm).
Thepiecesshouldbeaconsistentlength,witha
maximumof1”(25mm)variationfrompieceto
piece.

3.2.4 PIECESIZE
Firewooddriesmorequicklywhenitissplit.Largeunsplitroundscantakeyearstodryenoughto
burn.Evenwhendried,unsplitlogsaredifficulttoignitebecausetheydon’thavethesharpedges
wheretheflamesfirstcatch.Logsassmallas3”(75mm)shouldbesplittoencouragedrying.
 
Woodshouldbesplittoarangeofsizes,fromabout3”to6”(75mmto150mm)incrosssection.
Havingarangeofsizesmakesstartingandrekindlingfiresmucheasier.Often,thefirewood
purchasedfromcommercialsuppliersisnotsplitfinelyenoughforconvenientstoking.Itis
sometimesadvisabletoresplitthewoodbeforestackingtodry.

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3.2.5 HOWTODRYFIREWOOD
Firewoodthatisnotdryenoughtoburnisthecauseofmostcomplaintsaboutwoodinserts.
Continuallyburninggreenorunseasonedwoodproducesmorecreosoteandinvolveslackofheat
anddirtyglassdoor.SeeSection5:Maintainingyourwoodheatingsystemforconcernsabout
creosote.

Herearesomethingstoconsiderinestimatingdryingtime:
•firewoodtakesalongtimetodry
•firewoodboughtfromadealerisrarelydryenoughtoburn,soitisadvisabletobuythewood
inspringanddryityourself
•dryinghappensfasterindryweatherthanindamp,maritimeclimates
•dryinghappensfasterinwarmsummerweatherthaninwinterweather
•smallpiecesdrymorequicklythanlargepieces
•splitpiecesdrymorequicklythanunsplitrounds
•softwoodstakelesstimetodrythanhardwoods
•softwoodslikepine,spruce,andpoplar/aspencanbedryenoughtoburnafterbeingstacked
intheopenforonlythesummermonths
•hardwoodslikeoak,mapleandashcantakeone,oreventwoyearstodryfully,especiallyif
thepiecesarebig
•firewooddriesmorequicklywhenstackedintheopenwhereitisexposedtosunandwind;it
takesmuchlongertodrywhenstackedinawoodshed
•firewoodthatisreadytoburnhasamoisturecontentbetween15and20%byweightandwill
allowyourstovetoproduceitshighestpossibleefficiency

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3.2.6 JUDGINGFIREWOODMOISTURECONTENT
Youcanfindoutifsomefirewoodisdryenoughtoburnbyusingtheseguidelines:
•cracksformattheendsoflogsastheydry
•asitdriesinthesun,thewoodturnsfromwhiteorcreamcolouredtogreyoryellow,
•bangtwopiecesofwoodtogether;seasonedwoodsoundshollowandwetwoodsoundsdull,
•drywoodismuchlighterinweightthanwetwood,
•splitapiece,andifthefreshfacefeelswarmanddryitisdryenoughtoburn;ifitfeelsdamp,it
istoowet,
•burnapiece;wetwoodhissesandsizzlesinthefireanddrywooddoesnot.

Youcouldbuyawoodmoisturemetertotestyour
firewood.


3.3 MANUFACTUREDLOGS
Donotburnmanufacturedlogsmadeofwaximpregnatedsawdustorlogswithanychemical
additives.Manufacturedlogsmadeof100%compressedsawdustcanbeburned,butbecareful
burningtoomuchoftheselogsatthesametime.Startwithonemanufacturedlogandseehow
thestovereacts.Youcanincreasethenumberoflogsburnedatatimetomakingsurethe
temperatureneverriseshigherthan475°F(246°C)onamagneticthermometerforinstallationon
singlewallstovepipesor900°F(482°C)onaprobethermometerforinstallationondoublewall
stovepipe.Thethermometershouldbeplacedabout18”(457mm)abovethestove.Higher
temperaturescanleadtooverheatanddamageyourstove.


Osburn2400InstallationandOperationManual
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4OPERATINGYOURSTOVE
4.1 YOURFIRSTFIRES
Twothingswillhappenasyouburnyourfirstfewfires;thepaintcuresandtheinternal
componentsofthestoveareconditioned.
Asthepaintcures,someofthechemicalsvaporize.Thevaporsarenotpoisonous,buttheydo
smellbad.Freshpaintfumescanalsocausefalsealarmsinsmokedetectors.So,whenyoufirst
lightyourstove,bepreparedbyopeningdoorsand/orwindowstoventilatethehouse.Asyou
burnhotterandhotterfires,moreofthepaintedsurfacesreachthecuringtemperatureofthe
paint.Thesmellofcuringpaintdoesnotdisappearuntilyouhaveburnedoneortwoveryhot
fires.
Burnoneortwosmallfirestobeginthecuringandconditioningprocess.Thenbuildbiggerand
hotterfiresuntilthereisnolongeranypaintsmellfromthestove.Oncethepaintsmell
disappears,yourstoveisreadyforseriousheating.

4.2 LIGHTINGFIRES
Eachpersonwhoheatswithwooddevelopstheirownfavoritewaytolightfires.Whatever
methodyouchoose,yourgoalshouldbetogetahotfireburningquickly.Afirethatstartsfast
produceslesssmokeanddepositslesscreosoteinthechimney.Herearethreepopularand
effectivewaystostartwoodfires.
4.2.1 CONVENTIONALFIRESTARTING
Theconventionalwaytobuildawoodfireisto
bunchup5to10sheetsofplainnewspaper
andplacetheminthefirebox.Next,place10or
sopiecesoffinekindlingonthenewspaper.
Thiskindlingshouldbeverythin;lessthan1”
(25mm).Next,placesomelargerkindling
piecesonthefinekindling.Opentheair
controlfullyandlightthenewspaper.Ifyou
haveatall,straightventingsystemyoushould
beabletoclosethedoorimmediatelyandthe
firewillignite.Ifyourventingsystemhas
elbowsoranoutsidechimney,youmayneed
toleavethedoorclosedbutunlatchedfora
fewminutesasthenewspaperignitesandheat
inthechimneyproducessomedraft.Oncethe
firehasignited,closethedoorandleavetheair
controlfullyopen.

Aconventionalkindlingfirewithpaperunder
finelysplitwood.

Osburn2400InstallationandOperationManual
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DONOTLEAVETHESTOVEUNATTENDEDWHENTHEDOORISSLIGHTLYOPENEDDURING
IGNITION.ALWAYSCLOSETHEDOORAFTERIGNITION.
Afterthekindlingfirehasmostlyburned,youcanaddstandardfirewoodpiecesuntilyouhavea
fireoftherightsizefortheconditions.
4.2.2 THETOPDOWNFIRE
Thetopdownfirestartingmethodsolvestwoproblemswiththeconventionalmethod:first,it
doesnotcollapseandsmotheritselfasitburns;andsecond,itisnotnecessarytobuildupthefire
graduallybecausethefireboxisloadedbeforethefireislit.Atopdownfirecanprovideuptotwo
hoursofheatingormore.Thetopdownmethodonlyworksproperlyifthewoodiswell‐seasoned.
Startbyplacingthreeorfourfull‐sizedsplitpiecesofdryfirewoodinthefirebox.Next,place4or5
morefinelysplitpiecesoffirewood(2”to3”[50mmto75mm]india.)onthebaselogsatright
angles(logcabinstyle).Nowplaceabout10piecesoffinelysplitkindlingonthesecondlayerat
rightangles.
Thefireistoppedwithabout5sheetsofnewspaper.Youcanjustbunchthemupandstuffthemin
betweenthekindlingandtheundersideofthebaffle.Oryoucanmakenewspaperknotsbyrolling
upsinglesheetscornertocornerandtyingaknotinthem.Theadvantageofknotsisthatthey
don’trolloffthefireastheyburn.Lightthenewspaperandwatchasthefireburnsfromtopto
bottom.
4.2.3 TWOPARALLELLOGS
Placetwospitlogsinthefirebox.Placeafewsheetsoftwistednewspaperbetweenthelogs.Now
placesomefinekindlingacrossthetwologsandsomelargerkindlingacrossthose,logcabinstyle.
Lightthenewspaper.
4.2.4 USINGFIRESTARTERS
Manypeopleliketousecommercialfirestartersinsteadofnewspaper.Someofthesestartersare
madeofsawdustandwaxandothersarespecializedflammablesolidchemicals.Followthe
packagedirectionsforuse.
Gelstartermaybeusedbutonlyiftherearenohotemberspresent.Useonlyinacoldfireboxto
startafire.
DONOTUSEFLAMMABLELIQUIDSSUCHASGASOLINE,NAPHTHA,FUELOIL,MOTOROIL,OR
AEROSOLSTOSTARTORREKINDLETHEFIRE.
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Osburn2400InstallationandOperationManual
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4.3 MAINTAININGWOODFIRES
4.3.1 GENERALADVICE
Woodheatingwithaspaceheaterisverydifferentthanotherformsofheating.Therewillbe
variationsinthetemperatureindifferentpartsofthehouseandtherewillbevariationsin
temperaturethroughoutthedayandnight.Thisisnormal,andforexperiencedwoodburners
theseareadvantagesofzoneheatingwithwood.
Donotexpectsteadyheatoutputfromyourstove.Itisnormalforitssurfacetemperaturetorise
afteranewloadofwoodisignitedandforitstemperaturetograduallydeclineasthefire
progresses.Thisrisingandfallingoftemperaturecanbematchedtoyourhouseholdroutines.For
example,theareatemperaturecanbecoolerwhenyouareactive,suchaswhendoinghousework
orcooking,anditcanbewarmerwhenyouareinactive,suchaswhenreadingorwatching
television.
Woodburnsbestincycles.Acyclestartswhenanewloadofwoodisignitedbyhotcoalsandends
whenthatloadhasbeenconsumeddowntoabedofcharcoalaboutthesamesizeasitwaswhen
thewoodwasloaded.Donotattempttoproduceasteadyheatoutputbyplacingasinglelogon
thefireatregularintervals.Alwaysplaceatleastthree,andpreferablymore,piecesonthefireat
atimesothattheheatradiatedfromonepiecehelpstoignitethepiecesnexttoit.Eachloadof
woodshouldprovideseveralhoursofheating.Thesizeofeachloadcanbematchedtothe
amountofheatneeded.
Whenyouburnincycles,yourarelyneedtoopenthestove’sloadingdoorwhilethewoodis
flaming.Thisisanadvantagebecausethereismorechancethatsmokewillleakfromthestove
whenthedoorisopenedasafullfireisburning.Thisisespeciallytrueifthechimneyconnector
has90degreeelbowsandifthechimneyrunsuptheoutsidewallofthehouse.
IFYOUMUSTOPENTHEDOORWHILETHEFUELISFLAMING,OPENTHEAIRCONTROLFULLYFOR
AFEWMINUTES,THENUNLATCHANDOPENTHEDOORSLOWLY.
4.3.2 ASHREMOVAL
Ashshouldberemovedfromthefireboxeverytwoorthreedaysoffulltimeheating.Donotlet
theashbuildupinthefireboxbecauseitwillinterferewithproperfiremanagement.
Thebesttimetoremoveashisafteranovernightfirewhenthestoveisrelativelycool,butthereis
stillsomechimneydrafttodrawtheashdustintothestoveandpreventitfromcomingintothe
room.
Afterasheshavebeenremovedfromthestoveandplacedinatightlycoveredmetalcontainer,
theyshouldbetakenoutsideimmediately.Theclosedcontainerofashesshouldbeplacedona
non‐combustiblefloororonthegroundwellawayfromallcombustiblematerialspendingfinal
disposal.Ashesnormallycontainsomelivecharcoalthatcanstayhotforseveraldays.Iftheashes
aredisposedofbyburialinsoilorotherwiselocallydispersed,theyshouldberetainedinthe

Osburn2400InstallationandOperationManual
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closedcontaineruntilallcindershavethoroughlycooled.Otherwasteshallnotbeplacedinthis
container.
NEVERSTOREASHESINDOORSORINANON‐METALICCONTAINERORONAWOODENDECK.
DONOTOVERFIRE.
4.3.3 RAKINGCHARCOAL
Rekindlethefirewhenyounoticethattheroomtemperaturehasfallen.Youwillfindmostofthe
remainingcharcoalatthebackofthefirebox,furthestfromthedoor.Rakethesecoalstowards
thedoorbeforeloading.Therearetworeasonsforthisrakingofthecoals.First,itconcentrates
themnearwheremostofthecombustionairentersthefireboxandwheretheycanignitethenew
loadquickly,andsecond,thecharcoalwillnotbesmotheredbythenewloadofwood.Ifyouwere
tosimplyspreadthecharcoalout,thenewloadwillsmoulderforalongtimebeforeigniting.

Removeashfirst,andthenrakecharcoaltowardsthefrontofthefireboxbeforeloadingsothatit
willignitethenewload.
4.3.4 FIRINGEACHNEWLOADHOT
Placethenewloadofwoodonandbehindthecharcoal,andnottooclosetotheglass.Closethe
doorandopentheaircontrolfully.Leavetheaircontrolfullyopenuntilthefireboxisfullof
flames,thewoodhascharredtoblackanditsedgesareglowingred.Firingeachloadofwoodhot
accomplishesafewthings:
•drivesthesurfacemoisturefromthewood,
•createsalayerofcharonthewood,whichslowsdownitsreleaseofsmoke,
•heatsthefireboxcomponentssotheyreflectheatbacktothefire,and
•heatsthechimneysoitcanproducestrong,steadydraftfortherestofthecycle.
Althoughitisimportanttofireeachnewloadhottoprepareforacleanburn,donotallowthefire
toburnatfullintensityformorethanafewminutes.
DONOTLEAVETHESTOVEUNATTENDEDWHILEANEWLOADISBEINGFIREDHOT.
Whenyouburnanewloadofwoodhottoheatupthewood,thestoveandthechimney,the
resultwillbeasurgeofheatfromthestove.Thisheatsurgeiswelcomewhentheroom

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temperatureisalittlelowerthandesirable,butnotwelcomeifthespaceisalreadywarm.
Therefore,alloweachloadofwoodtoburndownsothatthespacebeginstocooloffalittle
beforeloading.Lettingthespacecoolbeforeloadingisoneofthesecretstocleanburningand
effectivezoneheating.
4.3.5 TURNINGDOWNTHEAIRSUPPLY
Oncethefirewood,fireboxandchimneyarehot,youcanbegintoreducetheairsupplyfora
steadyburn.
Asyoureducetheairsupplytothefire,twoimportantthingshappen.First,thefiringrateslows
downtospreadtheheatenergyinthefueloveralongerperiodoftime.Second,theflowrateof
exhaustthroughthestoveandfluepipeslowsdown,whichgivesmoretimeforthetransferof
heatfromtheexhaust.Youwillnoticethatasyoureducetheairsetting,theflamesslowdown.
Thisisyourindicationthatthestoveisburningatitspeakefficiency.
Iftheflamesgetsmallandalmostdisappear
whenyouturndowntheair,youhaveturned
downtheairtooearly,oryourfirewoodis
wetterthanitshouldbe.Withgoodfueland
correctaircontroluse,theflamesshouldslow
down,butshouldstaylargeandsteady,evenas
theairsupplyisreduced.

4.3.6 BUILDINGDIFFERENTFIRESFORDIFFERENTNEEDS
Usingtheaircontrolisnottheonlywaytomatchthestove’sheatoutputtotheheatdemand.
YourhousewillneedfarlessheatinOctoberthaninJanuarytobekeptatacomfortable
temperature.Ifyoufillthefireboxfullinfallweather,youwilleitheroverheatthespaceorturn
thestovedownsomuchthatthefirewillbesmokyandinefficient.Herearesomesuggestionsfor
buildingfirestomatchdifferentheatdemand.
4.3.6.1 SmallFirestoTaketheChillOfftheHouse
Tobuildasmallfirethatwillproducealowheatoutput,usesmallpiecesoffirewoodandload
themcrisscrossinthefirebox.Thepiecesshouldbeonly3”to4”indiameter.Afterrakingthe
coals,youcanlaytwopiecesparalleltoeachothercornertocornerinthefireboxandlaytwo
moreacrossthemintheotherdirection.Opentheaircontrolfullyandonlyreducetheairafter
thewoodisfullyflaming.Thiskindoffireisgoodformildweatherwhenyouarearoundtotend
thestoveandshouldprovideenoughheatforfourhoursormore.Smallfireslikethisareagood
timetousesofterwoodspeciessotherewillbelesschanceofoverheatingthehouse.
4.3.6.2 LongLastingLowOutputFires
Sometimesyouwillwanttobuildafiretolastuptoeighthours,butdon’tneedintenseheat.In
thiscaseusesoftwoodspeciesandplacethelogscompactlyinthefireboxsothepiecesare

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packedtightlytogether.Youwillneedtofiretheloadhotforlongenoughtofullycharthelog
surfacesbeforeyoucanturntheairdown.Makesurethefireisflamingbrightlybeforeleavingthe
firetoburn.
4.3.6.3 HighOutputFiresforColdWeather
Whentheheatdemandishighduringcoldweather,you’llneedafirethatburnssteadilyand
brightly.Thisisthetimetouseyourbiggestpiecesofhardwoodfuelifyouhaveit.Putthebiggest
piecesatthebackofthefireboxandplacetherestofthepiecescompactly.Adenselybuiltfirelike
thiswillproducethelongestburnyourstoveiscapableof.
Youwillneedtobecautiouswhenbuildingfireslikethisbecauseiftheairisturneddowntoo
much,thefirecouldsmoulder.Makesurethewoodisflamingbrightlybeforeleavingthefireto
burn.
4.3.6.4 MaximumBurnCycleTimes
Theburncycletimeistheperiodbetweenloadingwoodonacoalbedandtheconsumptionof
thatwoodbacktoacoalbedofthesamesize.Theflamingphaseofthefirelastsforroughlythe
firsthalfoftheburncycleandthesecondhalfisthecoalbedphaseduringwhichthereislittleor
noflame.Thelengthofburnyoucanexpectfromyourstove,includingboththeflamingandcoal
bedphases,willbeaffectedbyanumberofthings,suchas:
•fireboxsize,
•theamountofwoodloaded,
•thespeciesofwoodyouburn,
•thewoodmoisturecontent,
•thesizeofthespacetobeheated,
•theclimatezoneyoulivein,and
•thetimeofyear.
Thetablebelowprovidesaverygeneralindicationofthemaximumburncycletimesyouarelikely
toexperience,basedonfireboxvolume.
FIREBOXVOLUMEMAXIMUM
BURNTIME
<1.5cubicfeet3to5hours
1.5c.f.to2.0c.f5to6hours
2.0c.f.to2.5c.f.6to8hours
2.5c.f.to3.0c.f.8to9hours
>3.0c.f.9to10hours
Longburntimesarenotnecessarilyanindicationofefficientstoveoperation.Whenyouarehome
duringthedayandabletotendthefire,itispreferabletobuildasmallerfirethatmightprovide
threeorfourhoursofheatingthantofullyloadthefireboxforamuchlongerburn.Shorterburn
cyclesmakeiteasiertomatchtheheatoutputofthestovetotheheatdemandofthespace.