PairGain HLU-319 User manual

HIGAIN LINE UNIT
PAIRGAIN TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
ENGINEERING SERVICES TECHNICAL PRACTICE
SECTION 150-319-142-01
Revision History of This Practice
Revision 01—December 22, 1997
A) Initial Release
Model List Number Part Number
HLU-319 4B 150-1140-42

Revision 01 December 22, 1997 150-319-142-01
ii PairGain Engineering - Plant Series HLU-319 List 4B
©Copyright 1997 PairGain Technologies, Inc.
PairGain and HiGain are registered trademarks of PairGain Technologies, Inc.
Information contained inthis document is company private to PairGain Technologies,Inc.,
and shall not be modified, used, copied, reproduced or disclosed in whole or in part without
the written consent of PairGain.
Other product names mentioned in this practice are used for identification purposes only
and may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

150-319-142-01 December 22, 1997 Revision 01
HLU-319 List 4B PairGain Engineering - Plant Series iii
USING THIS MANUAL
Two types of messages, identified by icons, appear in the text.
Notes contain information about special circumstances.
Cautions indicate the possibility of equipment damage or the
possibility of personal injury.

Revision 01 December 22, 1997 150-319-142-01
iv PairGain Engineering - Plant Series HLU-319 List 4B

150-319-142-01 December 22, 1997 Revision 01
HLU-319 List 4B PairGain Engineering - Plant Series v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Overview _______________________________________________ 1
Application _____________________________________________ 2
Specifications ___________________________________________ 3
Functional Description____________________________________ 4
Operational Capabilities........................................................... 4
Alarms...................................................................................... 6
Front Panel Features ................................................................ 8
Installation ____________________________________________ 10
Unpack and Inspect the Shipment.......................................... 10
Install the HLU-319 List 4B .................................................. 10
Configure, Provision, and Monitor Performance _____________ 12
Connect a Dumb Terminal..................................................... 12
Log On and Use the Menus ................................................... 13
View Span Status..................................................... 14
Set Clock ................................................................. 15
System Settings ....................................................... 16
Select Loopback Test .............................................. 17
View Performance Data .......................................... 18
View Performance History...................................... 19
View Alarm History................................................ 20
Enter Circuit ID Number......................................... 20

Revision 01 December 22, 1997 150-319-142-01
vi PairGain Engineering - Plant Series HLU-319 List 4B
System Options.......................................................................21
Set Options Using the MODE and SEL Buttons.....21
Set Factory Default Values......................................22
Product Identification...............................................22
System Setting Options............................................23
Power Consumption ...............................................................28
Loopback Operation _____________________________________29
Generic Loopback Code (GNLB) ..........................................29
Addressable Repeater Loopback Functions ...........................29
Initiating Manual Loopback Sessions ....................................30
Loopback Test Procedures .....................................................32
GNLB Loopback Test Procedures...........................33
A1LB, A2LB, and A5LB Test Procedures..............34
A3LB and A4LB Test Procedures...........................38
HiGain Terms___________________________________________40
Front Panel Messages ____________________________________41
Certification and Warranty _______________________________45
VCCI Certification .................................................................45
UL Listing ..............................................................................45
Warranty.................................................................................46
Technical Support _______________________________________47
Phone or Fax...........................................................................47
Returns....................................................................................47
World Wide Web....................................................................48

150-319-142-01 December 22, 1997 Revision 01
HLU-319 List 4B PairGain Engineering - Plant Series 1
OVERVIEW
The PairGain®HiGain®HiGain Line Unit Model HLU-319 List 4B is the
Central Office (CO) side end of a repeaterless T1 transmission system. An
HLU-319 List 4B connects to a HiGain Remote Unit (such as an HRU-412
List 8B), creating a HiGain system which provides 1.544 Mbps payload
transmissionontwo unconditionedcopperpairscovering3658m of0.51 mm
wire or 2743 m of 0.4 mm wire, including bridge taps and gauge changes.
A HiGain system utilizes 2B1Q High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line
(HDSL)transmissiontechnology.TheHLU-319List4B complieswithANSI
T1E1.4, T1.403-1989, and T1E1.4/92-002R2 technical standards and
recommendations. The HLU-319 List 4B mounts in a single slot of an
industry standard 3192-type Mechanics shelf. The system complies with
Transport System Generic Requirements (TSGR) common requirements
TR-TSY-000499.
The HLU-319 List 4B features:
•Selectable DSX-1 pre-equalizer
•Front panel HDSL S/N margin display
•Selectable loopback activation codes
•Craft port (RS-232)
•Network Management Administration (NMA) interface
•Front panel operator setup stored in non-volatile memory
•Front panel DS1 splitting and bridge access
•Lightning and power-cross protection on HDSL interfaces
•784 kbps full duplex 2B1Q HDSL transmission on two pairs
•Front panel status indicating LED
•On/off front panel display power cycling
•DSX-1 LOS detector (125 consecutive zeros)
•Margin threshold alarm
•HDSL AIS and SmartJack AIS options

Revision 01 December 22, 1997 150-319-142-01
2 PairGain Engineering - Plant Series HLU-319 List 4B
•Easy return to factory default user settings
•Circuit ID option
•Low power consumption
APPLICATION
A HiGain system, consisting of a HiGain line unit and a HiGain remote unit,
provides a quick and cost-effective way of delivering T1 High Capacity
Digital Service (HCDS) to customers over copper pairs. The HiGain system
can be deployed on two unconditioned, non-loaded copper pairs without
repeaters, and without the need for bridged tap removal or binder group
separation.
The general guidelines for HiGain system usage is that each loop have less
than 35 dB of loss at 196 kHz, with 135 ohm driving and terminating
impedances.
Table 1 provides a guide for the loss over various cable gauges at 196 kHz
and 135ohms. The table applies to the HDSL cable pairs between theHiGain
line unit and the HiGain remote unit. Without specific loop insertion loss
data, add 3 dB for each bridged tap and 1 dB for each cable gauge change.
The DC cable resistance determines the simplex powering resistance path of
the loops. The maximum allowable resistance for a HiGain system is
800 ohms over two HDSL simplex loops. This means, for example, where
3.7 km of 0.51 mm wire equals 34.08 dB (insertion loss), resistance is at 622
ohms which is well below the limit of 800 ohms.
Table 1. HDSL Loss over Cables
Cable Gauge Loss at 196 kHz
(db/km) Ohms per km
0.4 mm 12.7 272.3
0.51 mm 9.3 170.6
0.61 mm 7.2 105
0.91 mm 5.1 52.5

150-319-142-01 December 22, 1997 Revision 01
HLU-319 List 4B PairGain Engineering - Plant Series 3
A HiGain system operates with a variety of other T1, POTS, Digital Data
Service (DDS) equipment or other HiGain systems sharing the same cable
binder group. HiGain systems provide temporary or permanent DS1 service
and can provide a means of deploying service in advance of fiber-optic
transmission systems.
SPECIFICATIONS
HDSL Line Code 784 kbps 2B1Q
HDSL Output +13.5 dBm ±0.5 dB at 135 ohms
HDSL Line Impedance 135 ohms
Maximum Provisioning Loss 35 dB at 196 kHz, 135 ohms
Line Clock Rate Internal Stratum 4 clock
HDSL Start-up Time 30 seconds (typical), 60 seconds (maximum)
per span
One-way DS1 Delay <220 microseconds per span
DSX-1 Line Impedance 100 ohms
DSX-1 Pulse Output Pre-equalized for 0 to 655 feet of
ABAM-specification cable
DSX-1 Input Level +1.5 to -7.5 dB DSX
DSX-1 Line Rate 1.544 Mbps ±200 bps
DSX-1 Line Format AMI, B8ZS or ZBTSI
DSX-1 Frame Format ESF, SF or UNFR
Maximum Power Consumption 4.8 Watts
Maximum Heat Dissipation 4.0 Watts
Fusing Internal; connected to Fuse Alarm output on
pin 10
Margin Indicator Displays HDSL loop SNR margin for each
HDSL loop relative to 10-7 BER operation
Electrical Protection Secondary surge protection on DS1 and HDSL
ports; Power cross protection on HDSL ports

Revision 01 December 22, 1997 150-319-142-01
4 PairGain Engineering - Plant Series HLU-319 List 4B
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
This section describes the functions of the HLU-319 List 4B.
Operational Capabilities
The HiGain system utilizes PairGain 2-Bit 1-Quartenary (2B1Q) HDSL
transceiver systems to establish two full duplex 784 kbps data channels
between the HLU-319 List 4B and the HRU-412 List 8B. This provides a
total capacity of 1.568 Mbps between the two units.
The HiGain HLU-319 List 4B receives a 1.544 Mbps DS1 data stream from
the DSX-1 digital cross connect interface. The HLU-319 List 4B contains a
DSX-1 frame synchronizer controlled by an 8-bit microprocessor that
determines the type of framingon the DS1 stream and synchronizes to it. The
HLU-319 List 4B recognizes Super Frame (SF), including D4 or Extended
SuperFrame(ESF)framing. The HLU-319 List 4Barbitrarilydefines aframe
bit for unframed data.
The HLU-319 List 4B contains a multiplexer that generates two parallel 784
kbps data streams. The data streamscontain HDSL frames that are nominally
4704 bits (6 milliseconds) in length. The HDSL frames contain a 14-bit
Frame Sync Word (FSW), 6-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), 21-bit
operations channel and DSX-1 payload. The DSX-1 stream separates into
two parallel streams that comprise the payloads of the HDSL channels. The
HLU-319 List 4B allocates DS0 time slots 1 through 12 to loop 1, and time
slots13 through24 toloop2 whenusedwithanHRU-412List 8B. The8kbps
frame bits of the DSX-1 stream are included on both HDSL channels. The
two formatted HDSL channels are passed to the HDSL transceivers which
Operating Temperature -40°C to +65°C
Humidity 5% to 95% (non-condensing)
Mounting STS, high-density slot
Dimensions
Height: 12.1 cm
Width: 1.78 cm
Depth: 26.7 cm

150-319-142-01 December 22, 1997 Revision 01
HLU-319 List 4B PairGain Engineering - Plant Series 5
convert them to the 2B1Q format on the HDSL lines. The 2B1Q line code is
designed to operate in a full-duplex mode on unconditioned pairs. The
transceiver echo canceler and adaptive equalizer receive the signal from the
remote end in the presence of impairments and noise on the copper pairs.
The received HDSL channels are processed by the transceiver and then
passed on to the HLU-319 List 4B demultiplexer module. The demultiplexer
provides frame synchronization for each of the two HDSL loops. The
demultiplexer and HDSL transceivers work under control of the HLU-319
List4Bmicroprocessorand compensatefordatainversionscausedby tip-ring
reversals and loop swaps caused by pair reversals. The HiGain system allows
for tip-ring or pair reversals, but does not allow split pairs. By synchronizing
to the Frame Sync Word (FSW) of each loop, the demultiplexer can
reconstruct the original 1.544 Mbps DS1 stream from the payloads of the two
HDSL loops. The CRC fields on the HDSL streams allow the HLU-319 List
4B to determine if errors are present on the channel due to excessive
impairments on the HDSL pairs or excessive impulse or crosstalk noise.
The demultiplexer removes data link messages from the HDSL loops and
passes them to the microprocessor. This mechanism allows operations
messages and status to be exchanged between the HLU-319 List 4B and the
remote HRU-412 List 8B.
The reconstructed HDSL data is buffered in a first-in-first-out (FIFO) buffer
within the demultiplexer. A frequency synthesizer, in conjunction with the
FIFO buffer, regulates the output bit rate and reconstructs the DSX-1 clock
frequency-locked to the DS1 clock at the remote end. The HiGain system
operates at T1 rates of 1.544 Mbps with up to ± 200 bps of offset.
A DSX-1 interface driver converts the receive data to an Alternate Mark
Inversion (AMI) or Binary Eight Zero Substitution (B8ZS) format. The
DSX-1 equalizer is programmable to five different lengths, as determined by
the distance between the HLU-319 List 4B and the DSX-1 interface. This
provides CB-119 specification compliant pulses at the DSX-1 interface over
a range of 0 to 655 feet of ABAM-specification cable.
The HLU-319 List 4B contains a main power supply that converts -48 Vdc
power to voltage for the HLU-319 List 4B circuitry.
The female 9-pin (DB-9) Craft (RS-232) port, on the front panel, provides
access to HiGain system configuration, provisioning, and performance
monitoring.

Revision 01 December 22, 1997 150-319-142-01
6 PairGain Engineering - Plant Series HLU-319 List 4B
Alarms
Pin H is the HLU-319 List 4B minor alarm (MNRALM) output pin. It is
normally floating and must never be driven above +5 V or below -60 V. The
HLU-319 forces pin H to +5V (maximum source of 10 mA) for any of the
conditions listed below. More than one alarm condition can exist at any given
time, but only one message can be displayed. In the case of multiple alarms,
the highest priority alarm is displayed. The alarms listed below are in order
of priority:
1ALRM LOSW: Either HDSL loop lost sync.
2ALRM LLOS: Loss of HLU DSX-1 input signal.
3ALRM RLOS: Loss of HRU DS1 input signal.
4ALRM TLOS: A user option that, when enabled, causes a logic loopback
in the HRU-412 List 8B when there is a loss of DS1 signal at the
HRU-412 List 8B.
5ALRM H1ES: HDSL loop 1 has exceeded the 24 hour user-selected
Errored Seconds CRC threshold. If both H1ES and H2ES occur, only
H1ES is displayed on the front panel.
6ALRM H2ES: HDSL loop 2 has exceeded the 24-hour user-selected
Errored Seconds CRC threshold. If both H1ES and H2ES occur, only
H1ES is displayed on the front panel.
7ALRM DS1: The total number of bipolar violations (BPV), at either the
HLU or the HRU DS1 inputs, have exceeded the 24-hour user-selected
threshold.
8ALRM MAL1: The margin on HDSL loop 1 has dropped below the
minimum threshold value set on the System Settings menu.
9ALRM MAL2: The margin on HDSL loop 2 has dropped below the
minimum threshold value set on the System Settings menu.
Pin H, MNRALM, remains at +5V for the duration of an alarm condition. If
the Wescom 1184 Alarm Card is installed in the shelf, its LOS LED lights for
every MNRALM. The HLU-319 List 4B Status LED flashes red for the
duration of a minor alarm condition. Alarms 5 and 6, above, can be inhibited
by selecting None for the ESAL system option on the Systems Setting menu.
The MAL alarms (8 and 9, above) are disabled by setting the margin alarm
threshold to 0 (on the Systems Settings menu). A minor alarm can be retired
by executing the Alarm CutOff (ACO) option by pressing the SEL button on

150-319-142-01 December 22, 1997 Revision 01
HLU-319 List 4B PairGain Engineering - Plant Series 7
the front panel. This turns the alarm off and replaces the alarm message with
the ACO message. However, the second part of the alarm message, which
defines the cause of the alarm, remains. The ACO message and the cause of
the alarm remain until the alarm condition clears or another alarm occurs.
Disabling the alarm also retires an ACO condition.
Setting the alarm option to disable prevents the activation of the minor alarm
output alarm bus on pin H during a minor alarm event. The Status LED still
flashes red and the alarm message is still displayed.
The HLU-319 List 4B Pin 10 FUSE ALARM is driven to -48 V whenever its
on-boardfuse opens. Its normally floating output must never bedriven above
ground or below -80 V. It can sink a current of 10 mA.
Pin 7 is the NMA serial bus. It allows access to the HMU-319 List 5B, which
provides shelf management.

Revision 01 December 22, 1997 150-319-142-01
8 PairGain Engineering - Plant Series HLU-319 List 4B
Front Panel Features
Figure 1 shows the front panel ofthe HLU-319 List 4B. Table 2describesthe
front panel components.
Figure 1. HLU-319 List 4B Front Panel Components

150-319-142-01 December 22, 1997 Revision 01
HLU-319 List 4B PairGain Engineering - Plant Series 9
Table 2. HLU-319 List 4B Front Panel Components
Name Function
Front panel
display Displays information about the activity and status of the HLU-319 List 4B.
Setup buttons The MODE and SEL buttons allow configuration and provisioning of
the HLU-319 List 4B.
Status LED Color
Green
Green
Red
Red
Yellow
Yellow
Mode
Flashing
Flashing
Flashing
Function
Normal operation
HDSL acquisition
Fuse alarm
Minor alarm
Self-test in process, or an HLU
loopback test is in effect
HLU-319 List 4B in armed state for
loopbacks
Receive (RCV)
and transmit
(XMT) jacks
Providesplitting and monitoraccesstotheDSX-1interface. The jacks
are transformer isolated from the DSX-1 metallic interface.
Craft port Provides an RS-232 connection port for a dumb terminal. The dumb
terminal allows access to the maintenance, provisioning, and
performance monitoring menus and screens.
Card handle Pulls down to release the HLU-319 List 4B from the shelf slot. The
handle closes when the HLU-319 List 4B is properly installed in a slot.

Revision 01 December 22, 1997 150-319-142-01
10 PairGain Engineering - Plant Series HLU-319 List 4B
INSTALLATION
This section describes how to install the HLU-319 List 4B.
Unpack and Inspect the Shipment
Upon receipt of the equipment:
1Unpack the container and visually inspect the product for signs of
damage. If the equipment has been damaged in transit, immediately
report the extent of the damage to the transportation company and to your
sales representative.
2Verify the contents using the packing list to ensure complete and
accurate shipment.
If you must store the equipment for a prolonged period, do so in the
original container.
Install the HLU-319 List 4B
The HLU-319 List 4B mounts in wire-wrapped and connectorized shelves,
including:
•PairGain HMS-318 (22 slot, 19 inch shelf)
•PairGain HMS-319 (3 slot, 19 inch horizontal shelf)
•PairGain HMS-317 (28 slot, 23 inch shelf)
•PairGain HMS-308 (8 slot remote enclosure)
The HLU-319 List 4B pinouts are shown in Figure 2. The active pins are
shown in black.

150-319-142-01 December 22, 1997 Revision 01
HLU-319 List 4B PairGain Engineering - Plant Series 11
Figure 2. HLU-319 List 4B Pinouts
To install the HLU-319 List 4B:
1Ensure that the shelf is correctly mounted and wired (refer to the shelf’s
technical practice if necessary).
2Slide the HLU-319 List 4B into the card guides for the desired slot, then
push the unit back until it touches the backplane card-edge connectors.
3Place your thumbs on the HLU-319 List 4B front panel and push the
HLU-319 List 4B into the card-edge connector until it is entirely within
the card guides.

Revision 01 December 22, 1997 150-319-142-01
12 PairGain Engineering - Plant Series HLU-319 List 4B
CONFIGURE, PROVISION, AND MONITOR PERFORMANCE
The following sections describe how to perform configuration, provisioning
and performance monitoring functions using the HLU-319 List 4B menus and
screens.
Connect a Dumb Terminal
Connect a dumb terminal:
1Connect a standard 9-pin serial terminal cable to the Craft (RS-232) port
(DB-9 female connector) on the HLU-319 List 4B. See Figure 3 for the
DB-9 female connector wiring.
Figure 3. HLU-319 List 4B Craft Port Wiring
2Connect the other end of the terminal cable to the console port on the
dumb terminal.

150-319-142-01 December 22, 1997 Revision 01
HLU-319 List 4B PairGain Engineering - Plant Series 13
3Configure the dumb terminal to the following communication settings:
•1200 to 9600 baud
•no parity
•8 data bits
•1 stop bit
•hardware flow control to OFF
Log On and Use the Menus
This section describes how to log on and access the menus and screens using
the dumb terminal.
1Press the spacebar several times to active the autobaud feature and to
display the log on screen. The Main Menu displays.
2Access options on the Main Menu by typing the letter of the desired
option.
HI-GAIN HLU-319 MAINTENANCE TERMINAL MAIN MENU (ver V1.3L-004B)
CIRCUIT ID#:
A. VIEW SPAN STATUS
B. SET CLOCK
C. SYSTEM SETTINGS
D. LOOPBACK MODE: NONE
E. VIEW PERFORMANCE DATA
F. VIEW PERFORMANCE HISTORY
G. VIEW ALARM HISTORY
H. ENTER CIRCUIT ID #

Revision 01 December 22, 1997 150-319-142-01
14 PairGain Engineering - Plant Series HLU-319 List 4B
View Span Status
1From the Main Menu, type to display Span Status screen.
2Type to update the Span Status screen to the latest information.
3Type to clear the Span Status screen data.
4Type to exit to the Span Status screen.
$
SPAN STATUS
(HLU/ver1.3-004B:HRU/ver4.2-008B)
TIME: 00:01:31
DATE: 04/09/98 CIRCUIT ID#:
ALARMS: NONE
LOOPBACK: OFF
HLU HRU
HDSL-1 HDSL-2 HDSL-1 HDSL-2
cur/min/max cur/min/max cur/min/max cur/min/max
MARGIN: 22/19/23 23/22/23 21/19/22 22/21/22 dB
PULSE ATTN: 00 00 00 00 dB
INS LOSS: 00 00 00 00 dB
PPM OFFSET: 00 00 -07 -07 ppm
24 HOUR ES: 00000 00000 00000 00000 seconds
24 HOUR UAS: 00000 00000 00000 00000 seconds
DS1 STATUS
HLU HRU
24 HOUR BPV Seconds: 00000 00000
24 HOUR UAS Count: 00000 00000
Frame type: ESF ESF
Code type: B8ZS B8ZS
(E)xit (C)lear (U)pdate
8
&
(