PASCO ES-9080A User manual

Instruction Manual
Manual No. 012-07227D
Basic Electrostatics
System
Model No. ES-9080A

Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080A
2!
Table of Contents
Equipment List........................................................... 3
Introduction .......................................................... 4-5
Equipment Description .............................................. 5-11
Electrometer ...................................................................................................................................5
Electrostatics Voltage Source ........................................................................................................6
Variable Capacitor .........................................................................................................................7
Charge Producers and Proof Plane............................................................................................. 7-8
Proof Plane................................................................................................................................. 8-9
Faraday Ice Pail............................................................................................................................10
Conductive Spheres......................................................................................................................11
Resistor-Capacitor Network Accessory .......................................................................................11
Electrometer Operation and Setup Requirements................12-13
Suggested Demonstrations ........................................14-34
Demonstration 1: Faraday Ice Pail and Charge Production................................................... 14-17
Demonstration 2: Charge Distribution................................................................................... 18-20
Demonstration 3: Capacitance and Dielectrics ...................................................................... 21-29
Demonstration 4: Charging and Discharging Capacitors ...................................................... 30-34
Technical Support......................................................35
Copyright and Warranty Information.................................36

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Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System
3
Basic Electrostatics System
Model No. ES-9080
Equipment List
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!!%8/+$%*)3($#%,/-%#9/:,
Included Equipment Replacement
Model Number*
1. Basic Electrometer (1)** ES-9078
2. Electrostatics Voltage Source (1)** ES-9077
3. Basic Variable Capacitor (1)** ES-9079
4. Charge Producers (2) and proof plane (1) ES-9075B
5. Faraday Ice Pail and Shield (1) ES-9042A
6. Conductive Spheres (2) ES-9059B
Additional Equipment Required
Any PASCO data acquisition device (ScienceWorkshop®500, 750 SCSI or
750 USB interface)
CI-6400 or CI-6450 or
CI-7599
Resistor-Capacitor Network ES-9053A
A computer NA
DataStudio®or ScienceWorkshop®software CI-6870C
1
24
3
5
66
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Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080
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Introduction
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Equipment Description
Electrometer (ES-9078)
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Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080
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meter display
Zero button, ground
and remove excess
charge
output for
signal interface
mechanical zero
adjust screw
(adjust with
power off)
connect to
earth ground
connect test
lead here
push to turn
ON/OFF
Slide to select
voltage range
(3, 10, 30, 100)
Figure 1: Front Panel Controls of the Electrometer
Figure 2: Electrostatics
Voltag e Source
ground

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Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System
7
Variable Capacitor (ES-9079)
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Charge Producers and Proof Plane (ES-9057A)
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,$E)-6=$%*9)4E$7
Figure 3: Variable
Capacitor
Figure 4: Charge Producers
white
surface
blue
surface
non-conductive neck
conductive
disks

Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080
8
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The Proof Plane
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Figure 5: Proof Plane
handle
surface
aluminum
(white)
non-conductive neck
(black)
conductive disk
NOTE: The proof
planes can be used to
test for charge polarity
on conductors of any
shape. However, for
accurate readings of
charge density, the con-
ductor surface sam-
pled has to be
considerably larger
than the disk of the
proof plane and have a
relatively large radius
of curvature at the
point of contact.

!
Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System
9
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-9$%*9)4E$%0$,#6-C%/,%-9)-%
')4-%/>%-9$%#24>)*$%*),%3$%
0$-$4+6,$07%M9$%E4$)-$4%-9$%
*9)4E$%/,%-9$%'4//>%'(),$D%
-9$%E4$)-$4%-9$%*9)4E$%
0$,#6-C%/,%-9$%#24>)*$%:9$4$%
-9$%'4//>%'(),$%+)0$%*/,-)*-7
b9$,%)%'4//>%'(),$%6#%-/2*9$0%-/%)%*/,02*-6=$%#24>)*$D%-9$%'4//>%'(),$%
3$*/+$#%')4-%/>%-9$%*/,02*-6=$%#24>)*$7%W>%-9$%$>>$*-%/,%-9$%#9)'$%/>%-9$%
#24>)*$%6#%#6E,6>6*),-D%-9$%#)+'(6,E%/>%-9$%*9)4E$%0$,#6-C%:6((%,/-%3$%
)**24)-$7%M9$4$>/4$D%)(:)C#%-/2*9%-9$%'4//>%'(),$%-/%-9$%*/,02*-/4%6,%
#2*9%)%:)C%)#%-/%+6,6+6]$%-9$%06#-/4-6/,%/>%-9$%#9)'$%/>%-9$%#24>)*$7%
X6E24$%K%#9/:#%-9$%4$*/++$,0$0%+$-9/0%>/4%2#6,E%-9$%'4//>%'(),$%-/%
#)+'($%*9)4E$%/,%)%*/,02*-6=$%#'9$4$7
in sampled area
equals charge
""
"
"
"
"
""
"
"
"
"
""
""
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
charge in proof plane
area sampled
Figure 6: Conductive Sphere
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Figure 7: Proper use of a proof plane to
sample charge
charged spheres
Surface of the
proof plane IS
tangent to the
surface of the
conductor.
Surface of the
proof plane IS
NOT tangent to
the surface of
the conductor.

Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080
10
!
Faraday Ice Pail (ES-9042A)
M9$%?;8@A%X)4)0)C%W*$%?)6(%6#%
#9/:,%6,%X6E24$%T7%A46E6,)((C%
0$#6E,$0%3C%.6*9)$(%X)4)0)CD%6-%
:/4Z#%/,%-9$%'46,*6'($%-9)-%),C%
*9)4E$%'()*$0%6,#60$%)%*/,02*-6,E%
#24>)*$%:6((%6,02*$%),%$F2)(%
*9)4E$%/,%-9$%/2-#60$%/>%-9$%
#24>)*$7%W-%6#%),%$5*$(($,-%'4/02*-%
>/4%#)+'(6,E%*9)4E$#%),0%*9)4E$%
06#-4632-6/,#7%M9$%?;8@A%=$4#6/,%
6((2#-4)-$0%)3/=$%*/,#6#-#%/>%-:/%
:64$%+$#9%*C(6,0$4#D%/,$%6,#60$%
-9$%/-9$4D%+/2,-$0%/,%)%+/(0$0%
'()#-6*%3/--/+7%
M9$%/2-$4%*C(6,0$4%6#%*)(($0%
-9$%#96$(07%W-%'4/=60$#%
*/+'($-$%=6#636(6-C%-/%-9$%
6,#60$%/>%-9$%')6(%),0D%:9$,%
E4/2,0$0D%9$('#%$(6+6,)-$%
#-4)C%*9)4E$#%),0%;@%
>6$(0#7%M9$%6,,$4%*C(6,0$4%6#%
-9$%)*-2)(%')6(7%M9$%')6(%6#%
+/2,-$0%/,%6,#2()-$0%4/0#f%
-9$%')6(%6#%_J%*+%6,%
06)+$-$4%),0%_g%*+%96E97%
b9$,%)%*9)4E$0%/3^$*-%6#%
'()*$0%6,#60$%-9$%%')6(D%32-%:6-9/2-%-/2*96,E%6-D%)%*9)4E$%/>%-9$%#)+$%
+)E,6-20$%6#%6,02*$0%/,%-9$%/2-#60$%/>%-9$%')6(7%S8$$%X6E24$%IU7%;,%
$($*-4/+$-$4%*/,,$*-$0%3$-:$$,%-9$%')6(%),0%-9$%#96$(0%:6((%0$-$*-%)%
'/-$,-6)(%06>>$4$,*$7%M9$%E4$)-$4%-9$%*9)4E$D%-9$%E4$)-$4%-9$%'/-$,-6)(%
06>>$4$,*$7%8/%$=$,%-9/2E9%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%:6((%E6=$%4$)06,E#%/>%
=/(-)E$D%6-%6#%'/##63($%-/%2#$%-9/#$%=)(2$#%)#%4$()-6=$%*9)4E$%
+$)#24$+$,-#7
M/%'4$=$,-%#-4)C%*9)4E$#%>4/+%'4/02*6,E%$44/,$/2#%4$#2(-#D%6-%6#%
$5-4$+$(C%6+'/4-),-%-9)-%-9$%X)4)0)C%W*$%?)6(%3$%+/+$,-)46(C%
E4/2,0$0%'46/4%-/%#-)4-6,E%),C%$5'$46+$,-7%M9$%0$+/,#-4)-/4%+2#-%)(#/%
3$%*/,-6,2)((C%E4/2,0$0%:96($%'$4>/4+6,E%),%$5'$46+$,-7
M9$%@9)4E$%?4/02*$4#%)4$%2#$0%)#%*9)4E$0%/3^$*-#%-/%(/:$4%6,-/%-9$%6*$%
')6(7%M9$%?4//>%?(),$#%)4$%2#$0%-/%#)+'($%#24>)*$%*9)4E$%0$,#6-6$#7
Figure 8: Faraday
Ice Pail
shield
pail
insulators
Figure 9: Charge Induction
red lead
black lead

!
Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System
11
Conductive Spheres (ES-9059B)
M9$%*/,02*-6=$%#'9$4$#%)4$%2#$0%-/%#-/4$%
$($*-46*)(%*9)4E$7%M9$%?;8@A%./0$(%
G8HIJgIL%#'9$4$#%)4$%*/+'/#$0%/>%
'()#-6*%4$#6,%+/(0%'()-$0%:6-9%)%*/''$4%
3)#$D%/2-$4%'()-6,E%/>%,/,H#2('924%346-$%
,6*Z$(D%:6-9%>6,)(%'()-6,E%/>%*94/+$7%M9$%
#'9$4$#%)4$%+/2,-$0%/,%6,#2(-6,E%
'/(C*)43/,)-$%4/0#D%)--)*9$0%-/%)%#2''/4-%
3)#$7%G)*9%#'9$4$%9)#%)%-92+3H,2-%/,%-9$%
(/:$4%9)(>%-9)-%*),%3$%2#$0%>/4%)--)*96,E%
)%E4/2,0%*)3($%/4%)%($)0%>4/+%)%'/:$4%
#2''(C7%M9$%#'9$4$%),0%6,#2()-6,E%4/0#%
#9/2(0%3$%Z$'-%>4$$%/>%064-D%E4$)#$D%),0%
>6,E$4'46,-#%-/%+6,6+6]$%*9)4E$%($)Z)E$%
>4/+%-9$%#'9$4$7
Resistor-Capacitor Network Accessory (ES-9053)
M9$%&$#6#-/4H@)')*6-/4%1$-:/4Z%6#%),%/'-6/,)(%)**$##/4C%-9)-%C/2%*),%
'24*9)#$%>4/+%?;8@A7
M94$$%4$#6#-/4#%SgJ%.:D%_JJ%
.:D%),0%eJJ%.:U%),0%-:/%
*)')*6-/4#%SJ7aK%PX%),0%7Ia%PXU%
)4$%:64$0%6,-/%)%#:6-*96,E%
,$-:/4Z%:96*9%'$4+6-#%-9$%
*/+'/,$,-#%-/%3$%*/,,$*-$0%6,%
=)46/2#%*/,>6E24)-6/,#7%M9$%&@%
1$-:/4Z%6#%0$#6E,$0%>/4%-9$%
#-20C%/>%&@%-6+$%*/,#-),-#%),0%
>/4%6,=$#-6E)-6,E%*)')*6-/4#%
*/,,$*-$0%6,%#$46$#%),0%')4)(($(%
S-9$%&@%-6+$%*/,#-),-#%4),E$%>4/+%eg%-/%eJJ%#$*/,0#U7%;%-9640%
*)')*6-/4%SJ7ee%PXU%*),%3$%#$($*-$0%6,%#$46$#%/4%')4)(($(%:6-9%-9$%/-9$4%
-:/%*)')*6-/4#7%
A,%-9$%>4/,-%/>%-9$%&@%1$-:/4ZD%)%06)E4)+%#9/:#%-9$%*/,,$*-6/,%/>%
-9$%*/+'/,$,-#7%M9$%'/#6-6/,#%/>%-9$%-94$$%#(60$%#:6-*9$#%6,06*)-$%-9$%
$5)*-%*/+'/,$,-#%3$6,E%2#$07%X6E24$%__%#9/:#%-9$%>4/,-%'),$(%/>%-9$%
&@%1$-:/4Z%:6-9%-9$%#(60$%#:6-*9$#%6,%=)46/2#%'/#6-6/,#7%M9$%-94$$H
'/#6-6/,%#(60$%#:6-*9%/,%-9$%($>-%9)#%)%=$4C%2#$>2(%QA'$,R%'/#6-6/,7%W-%6#%
/>-$,%*/,=$,6$,-%-/%#-/'%-9$%*9)4E6,E%'4/*$##%:9$,%+)Z6,E%)%
+$)#24$+$,-D%),0%-9$%QA'$,R%'/#6-6/,%'$4+6-#%-9$%*64*26-%-/%3$%
06#*/,,$*-$0%>4/+%-9$%'/:$4%#2''(C7
Figure 10:
Conductive Sphere
!"#$%&'(
!"#$#%&!'(')*+*)$%&!
,"%-&!.
)*!+
,)-*)+!+."/01&2
-(340&%05)6."
#$%&'&#%&&!
(
)$%&'&#%&&!
(
$*%&'&#%&&!
(
$))&'&#%&&+
,-
$./&'&#%&&+
,-
$0.&'&#%&&&+
,-
7+
)8.
9+:9+:
!3.
7+*8.
Figure 11: Resistor-Capacitor
Network
IMPORTANT: Never
place more than 50 VDC
across any component in
the RC Network.

Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080
12
!
X6=$%36,06,E%'/#-#%)((/:%-9$%=/(-)E$%#/24*$%),0[/4%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%-/%
3$%*/,,$*-$0%-/%*/+'/,$,-#7
Electrometer Operation and Setup
Requirements
M9$%*/,-4/(#%/,%-9$%>4/,-%'),$(%/>%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%)4$%$5'()6,$0%6,%
X6E24$%_7%b9$-9$4%C/2%)4$%2#6,E%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%-/%+$)#24$%=/(-)E$D%
*244$,-%/4%*9)4E$D%-9$%#$-2'%'4/*$024$%#9/2(0%3$%>/((/:$0%$)*9%-6+$%
C/2%-24,%/,%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$47
Warning:
M/%)=/60%$($*-46*)(%#9/*Z%),0[/4%6,^24CD%/3#$4=$%-9$%>/((/:6,E%#)>$-C%
'4$*)2-6/,#O
1. 1$=$4%2#$%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%>/4%+$)#246,E%'/-$,-6)(#%+/4$%-9),%_JJ%
=/(-#7
2. 1$=$4%*/,,$*-%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%-/%),%$($*-4/#-)-6*%E$,$4)-/4D%#2*9%)#%
)%d),%0$%i4)>>%E$,$4)-/4%/>%)%b6+#924#-%+)*96,$7
3. 1$=$4%-/2*9%-9$%6,'2-%($)0#%2,-6(%C/2%9)=$%E4/2,0$0%C/24#$(>%-/%),%
$)4-9%E4/2,07%;%'$4#/,%:)(Z6,E%)*4/##%)%42E%/,%)%*//(D%04C%0)C%*),%
$)#6(C%)*F264$%)%'/-$,-6)(%/>%#$=$4)(%-9/2#),0%=/(-#7
Setup
1. L$>/4$%-24,6,E%/,%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4D%*9$*Z%-/%$,#24$%-9)-%-9$%+$-$4%4$)0#%
]$4/7%%W>%,/-%-24,%-9$%.$*9),6*)(%j$4/%;0^2#-%#*4$:D%(/*)-$0%^2#-%3$(/:%
-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%>)*$D%2,-6(%6-%0/$#7
2. @/,,$*-%-9$%-$#-%($)0%-/%-9$%6,'2-%*/,,$*-/4%/>%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$47
3. @/,,$*-%-9$%E4/2,0%'/#-%/>%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%-/%),%$)4-9%E4/2,07
4. ?2#9%-9$%'/:$4%32--/,%A17%A,$%/>%-9$%4),E$%#:6-*9%cGB#%:6((%
3(6,Z%-:6*$%6,%F26*Z%#2**$##6/,7
5. M/%]$4/%-9$%+$-$4D%'4$##%-9$%jG&A%32--/,7%V/2Y4$%,/:%4$)0C%-/%2#$%
-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%-/%+$)#24$%*9)4E$D%*244$,-%/4%=/(-)E$7%
6. 8$-%-9$%4),E$%#:6-*9%-/%-9$%0$#64$0%=/(-)E$%4),E$7%M9$%4),E$%#$--6,E%
4$>$4#%-/%-9$%=/(-)E$%6,'2-%4$F264$0%-/%'4/02*$%)%>2((H#*)($%+$-$4%

!
Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System
13
0$>($*-6/,%S$7E7D%)%#$--6,E%/>%`J%+$),#%-9)-%)%>2((H#*)($%+$-$4%
0$>($*-6/,%6,06*)-$#%)%=/(-)E$%/>%`J%=/(-#U7
Important Points for General Operation:
1. %L$-:$$,%+$)#24$+$,-#D%)(:)C#%'4$##%-9$%Zero%32--/,%-/%06#*9)4E$%)((%
*244$,-%>4/+%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$47
2. %89/4-6,E%-9$%-$#-%($)0#%-/E$-9$4%6#%6,#2>>6*6$,-7%M9$4$%+)C%#-6((%3$%
#-4)C%*9)4E$#%:6-96,%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%*64*26-4C7
3. %X/4%E//0%4$#2(-#D%6-%6#%$##$,-6)(%-9)-%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%3$%*/,,$*-$0%-/%
),%$)4-9%E4/2,0%S)%:)-$4%'6'$%/4%-9$%E4/2,0%:64$%>4/+%)%_eJ%d;@%
#/*Z$-U7%A,(C%),%$)4-9%E4/2,0%'4/=60$#%)%#2>>6*6$,-%04)6,%>/4%$5*$##%
*9)4E$#%-9)-%+)C%326(0%2'%0246,E%),%$5'$46+$,-7%W-%6#%)(#/%9$('>2(%6>%
-9$%$5'$46+$,-$4%6#%E4/2,0$07%k2#-%-/2*9%/,$%9),0%-/%)%E//0%$)4-9%
E4/2,0%^2#-%3$>/4$D%/4%0246,E%+$)#24$+$,-#7
./4$%6,>/4+)-6/,%/,%-)Z6,E%)**24)-$%+$)#24$+$,-#%6#%'4/=60$0%6,%-9$%
0$+/,#-4)-6/,#%/,%')E$#%_aH`a7

Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080
14
!
Demonstration 1: Faraday Ice Pail and
Charge Production
Suggestions for Introducing the Experiment
8-)4-%3C%#9/:6,E%-9)-%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%6#%064$*-(C%+$)#246,E%'/-$,-6)(%
06>>$4$,*$%3C%*/,,$*-6,E%)%3)--$4C%-/%6-%),0%+$)#246,E%6-#%=/(-)E$7%V/2%
*),%$5'()6,%-9)-%:9$,%2#6,E%-9$%6*$%')6(D%C/2%:6((%3$%/,(C%6,064$*-(C%
+$)#246,E%*9)4E$D%Z,/:6,E%-9)-%-9$%)+/2,-%/>%*9)4E$%6#%'4/'/4-6/,)(%
-/%-9$%=/(-)E$7%M9$%4$)06,E#%:6((%3$%6,%=/(-#D%,/-%6,%*/2(/+3#7%@9),E$%
-9$%'/()46-C%/>%-9$%($)0#%-/%#9/:%9/:%-9$%+$-$4%,$$0($%0$>($*-#%6,%-9$%
/''/#6-$%064$*-6/,7%G5'()6,%9/:%-96#%*),%-$((%2#%-9$%-C'$%/>%*9)4E$%6,%
-9$%6*$%')6(7
Equipment Setup
Introduction
M9$%'24'/#$%/>%-96#%0$+/,#-4)-6/,%6#%-/%6,=$#-6E)-$%-9$%4$()-6/,%
3$-:$$,%-9$%*9)4E$%6,02*$0%/,%-9$%6*$%')6(%3C%)%*9)4E$0%/3^$*-%'()*$0%
6,%-9$%')6(D%),0%-9$%*9)4E$%/>%-9$%/3^$*-7%M96#%0$+/,#-4)-6/,%6#%)(#/%
2#$>2(%>/4%6,=$#-6E)-6,E%-9$%,)-24$%/>%*9)4E6,E%),%/3^$*-%3C%*/,-)*-%)#%
Equipment Required:
Electrometer (ES-9078) Faraday Ice Pail (ES-9042A)
Charge Producers (ES-9057B) Test Leads
Earth ground connection Proof plane (optional)
grounded shield
electrometer shield
pail
Figure 1.1: Demonstration Setup
black lead
red lead
(to shield)
(to pail)
earth ground

Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080
15
!
*/+')4$0%-/%*9)4E6,E%6-%3C%6,02*-6/,D%),0%-/%0$+/,#-4)-$%-9$%
*/,#$4=)-6/,%/>%*9)4E$7
L$>/4$%3$E6,,6,E%),C%$5'$46+$,-%2#6,E%-9$%6*$%')6(D%-9$%')6(%+2#-%3$%
+/+$,-)46(C%E4/2,0$07%b9$,%-9$%6*$%')6(%6#%*/,,$*-$0%-/%-9$%
$($*-4/+$-$4D%),0%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%6#%*/,,$*-$0%-/%),%$)4-9HE4/2,0D%
#6+'(C%'4$##%-9$%jG&A%32--/,%:9$,$=$4%C/2%,$$0%-/%06#*9)4E$%3/-9%
-9$%')6(%),0%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$47%b96($%*/,02*-6,E%),%$5'$46+$,-D%6-%6#%
*/,=$,6$,-%-/%Z$$'%C/24#$(>%E4/2,0$0D%3C%*/,-6,2/2#(C%4$#-6,E%/,$%
9),0%/,%-9$%2''$4%$0E$%/>%-9$%#96$(0D%/4%3C%064$*-%*/,-)*-%:6-9%-9$%
$)4-9HE4/2,0%*/,,$*-/47
WARNINGO%.)Z$%#24$%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%6#%*/,,$*-$0%-/%),%
$)4-9%E4/2,0D%/4%-9$%')6(%:6((%,/-%3$%'4/'$4(C%E4/2,0$07%%?$4>/4+6,E%
-$#-#%/4%$5'$46+$,-#%:6-9%),%2,E4/2,0$0%')6(%*/2(0%*)2#$%'/##63($%
$($*-46*)(%#9/*Z%/4%6,^24C7
Procedure 1A: Charging by Induction vs. Charging by Contact
1. @/,,$*-%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%-/%-9$%X)4)0)C%W*$%?)6(%)#%#9/:,%6,%X6E24$%
_7_7%.)Z$%#24$%-/%E4/2,0%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%),0%-9$%6*$%')6(7%M9$%
$($*-4/+$-$4%#9/2(0%4$)0%]$4/%:9$,%E4/2,0$0D%6,06*)-6,E%-9$4$%6#%,/%
*9)4E$%6,%-9$%6*$%')6(7%?4$##%-9$%Zero 32--/,%-/%*/+'($-$(C%4$+/=$%)((%
*9)4E$%>4/+%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%),0%-9$%6*$%')6(7
2. ;(:)C#%#-)4-%:6-9%-9$%=/(-)E$%4),E$%6,%-9$%96E9$4%#$--6,E%S_JJ%dU%
),0%)0^2#-%0/:,%6>%,$$0$07%;,)(/E%+$-$4#%)4$%-C'6*)((C%+/#-%
)**24)-$%6,%-9$%4),E$%/>%_[`%-/%e[`%/>%>2((%#*)($7
3. M9$%*9)4E$%'4/02*$4#%:6((%3$%2#$0%)#%*9)4E$0%/3^$*-#7%\$4$%6#%)%
E$,$4)(%'4/*$024$%-/%>/((/:%:9$,%*9)4E6,E%-9$%'4/02*$4#O
Figure 1.2: Grounding the ice pail
touch both the pail
and the shield at the
same time
lift finger from pail,
then from shield
pail
shield
shield
pail

Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080
16
!
P%%;(:)C#%4$+/=$%),C%#-4)C%*9)4E$%/,%-9$%,$*Z#%),0%9),0($#%/>%-9$%
*9)4E$%'4/02*$4#%3C%-/2*96,E%-9$%,$*Z#%),0%9),0($#%-/%-9$%
E4/2,0$0%#96$(07%V/2%+2#-%)(#/%3$%E4/2,0$0%:96($%0/6,E%-96#7%W-%
)(#/%9$('#%6>%C/2%34$)-9$%/,%-9$%,$*Z%/>%-9$%*9)4E$%'4/02*$4D%#/%
-9)-%-9$%+/6#-24$%6,%C/24%34$)-9%4$+/=$#%),C%4$#602)(%*9)4E$%/,%
-9$%,$*Z7
P%%&23%-9$%:96-$%),0%3(2$%#24>)*$#%-/E$-9$4%-/%#$')4)-$%*9)4E$#7
P%%N$$'%6,%C/24%9),0%/,(C%-9$%'4/02*$4%C/2%)4$%E/6,E%-/%2#$7%?2-%
-9$%/-9$4%*9)4E$%'4/02*$4%):)CD%>)4%>4/+%*/,-)*-%:6-9%),C%/>%-9$%
6*$%')6(%#24>)*$#7
P%%L$>/4$%6,#$4-6,E%-9$%*9)4E$0%06#Z%6,%-9$%6*$%')6(D%+)Z$%#24$%
C/2Y4$%-/2*96,E%-9$%E4/2,0$0%#96$(07
4. @)4$>2((C%6,#$4-%-9$%*9)4E$0%/3^$*-%6,-/%-9$%6*$%')6(D%)((%-9$%:)C%-/%
-9$%(/:$4%9)(>%/>%-9$%')6(D%32-%:6-9/2-%($--6,E%6-%-/2*9%-9$%')6(7%1/-$%
-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%4$)06,E7
5. &$+/=$%-9$%/3^$*-%),0%)E)6,%,/-$%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%4$)06,E7%W>%-9$%
9),0($%,$=$4%-/2*9$0%-9$%')6(D%-9$%4$)06,E%+2#-%3$%]$4/7
l2$#-6/,O%b9C%:)#%-9$4$%)%'/-$,-6)(%06>>$4$,*$%3$-:$$,%-9$%')6(%
),0%-9$%#96$(0%/,(C%:96($%-9$%*9)4E$0%/3^$*-%:)#%6,#60$m
6. ?2#9%-9$%Zero 32--/,%-/%4$+/=$%),C%4$#602)(%*9)4E$7%1/:%6,#$4-%-9$%
/3^$*-%)E)6,D%32-%($-%6-%-/2*9%-9$%6*$%')6(7%.)Z$%#24$%C/24%#-20$,-#%
Z,/:%),0%#$$%-9)-%C/2%)4$%-/2*96,E%-9$%6*$%')6(%:6-9%-9$%*9)4E$0%
06#Z%-96#%-6+$7
7. %&$+/=$%-9$%/3^$*-%),0%,/-$%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%4$)06,E7
l2$#-6/,#O%b9C%6#%-9$4$%,/:%)%'$4+),$,-%'/-$,-6)(%06>>$4$,*$%
3$-:$$,%-9$%6*$%')6(%),0%-9$%#96$(0m%b9$4$%060%-9$%*9)4E$%/,%-9$%6*$%
')6(%*/+$%>4/+m
8. M/%#9/:%-9)-%-9$%*9)4E$%E)6,$0%3C%-9$%6*$%')6(%:)#%(/#-%3C%-9$%06#ZD%
E4/2,0%-9$%6*$%')6(%-/%4$+/=$%)((%*9)4E$7%?4$##%-9$%jG&A%32--/,%-/%
4$+/=$%4$#602)(%*9)4E$#%>4/+%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$47%W,#$4-%-9$%:),0%
)E)6,%6,-/%-9$%6*$%')6(7%B/$#%),C%*9)4E$%4$+)6,%/,%6-m
Procedure 1B: Conservation of Charge
1. 8-)4-6,E%:6-9%6,6-6)((C%2,*9)4E$0%*9)4E$%'4/02*$4#D%423%-9$%3(2$%),0%
:96-$%+)-$46)(#%-/E$-9$47%X/((/:%-9$%E$,$4)(%'4/*$024$%>/4%*9)4E6,E%
(6#-$0%6,%')4-%_;D%$5*$'-%-9)-%6,%-96#%*)#$%C/2%+2#-%Z$$'%3/-9%'4/02*$4#%

!
Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System
17
>4/+%-/2*96,E%),C-96,E%$(#$%)>-$4%*9)4E6,E7%SN$$'%-9$+%6,%C/24%9),0#D%
:6-9/2-%($--6,E%-9$+%-/2*9%$)*9%/-9$4%/4%-9$%6*$%')6(7U
2. "#$%-9$%X)4)0)C%W*$%?)6(%-/%+$)#24$%-9$%+)E,6-20$%),0%'/()46-C%/>%
$)*9%/>%-9$%*9)4E$0%:),0#%3C%6,#$4-6,E%-9$+%/,$%)-%)%-6+$%6,-/%-9$%
6*$%')6(%),0%,/-6,E%-9$%4$)06,E%/,%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$47
l2$#-6/,#O%b9)-%6#%-9$%4$()-6/,%3$-:$$,%-9$%+)E,6-20$%/>%-9$%
*9)4E$#m%%b9)-%6#%-9$%4$()-6/,%3$-:$$,%-9$%'/()46-C%/>%-9$%*9)4E$#m
b)#%*9)4E$%*/,#$4=$0%6,%-9$%0$+/,#-4)-6/,m
3. @/+'($-$(C%4$+/=$%)((%*9)4E$%>4/+%-9$%*9)4E$%'4/02*$4#%3C%
E4/2,06,E%-9$+7%B/%,/-%>/4E$-%-/%)(#/%4$+/=$%),C%#-4)C%*9)4E$%
>4/+%-9$%,$*Z#%),0%9),0($#7
4. W,#$4-%3/-9%*9)4E$%'4/02*$4#%6,-/%-9$%6*$%')6(%),0%423%-9$+%-/E$-9$4%
6,#60$%-9$%')6(7%1/-$%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%4$)06,E7%B/%,/-%($-%-9$%*9)4E$%
'4/02*$4#%-/2*9%-9$%')6(7
5. %&$+/=$%/,$%*9)4E$%'4/02*$4%),0%,/-$%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$4%4$)06,E7%
&$'()*$%-9$%*9)4E$%'4/02*$4%),0%4$+/=$%-9$%/-9$47%1/-$%-9$%
$($*-4/+$-$4%4$)06,E#7%"#6,E%-9$%+)E,6-20$%),0%'/()46-C%/>%-9$%
+$)#24$+$,-#D%*/++$,-%/,%*/,#$4=)-6/,%/>%*9)4E$7
Extra Things to Try
1. M4C%4$'$)-6,E%?4/*$024$%_;%:6-9%-9$%/''/#6-$%*9)4E$0%:),07
2. M4C%42336,E%-9$%:96-$%*9)4E$%'4/02*$4%:6-9%)%'4//>%'(),$D%-9$,%
+$)#24$%-9$%+)E,6-20$%),0%'/()46-C%/>%-9$%*9)4E$#%'4/02*$07
3. M4C%42336,E%-9$%3(2$%+)-$46)(%:6-9%)%'4//>%'(),$7%.$)#24$%-9$%
+)E,6-20$%),0%'/()46-C%/>%-9$%*9)4E$#%'4/02*$07
4. @/,#-42*-%)%(6#-%/>%+)-$46)(#%#2*9%-9)-%6>%)%+)-$46)(%(/:$4%6,%-9$%(6#-%
6#%4233$0%:6-9%)%+)-$46)(%96E9$4%6,%-9$%(6#-D%-9$%96E9$4%+)-$46)(%6#%
)(:)C#%'/#6-6=$7

Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080
18
!
Demonstration 2: Charge Distribution
Equipment Setup
Introduction
M9$%'24'/#$%/>%-96#%0$+/,#-4)-6/,%6#%-/%6,=$#-6E)-$%-9$%:)C%*9)4E$%6#%
06#-4632-$0%/=$4%)%#24>)*$%3C%+$)#246,E%=)46)-6/,#%/>%*9)4E$%0$,#6-C7%;%
*9)4E$0%#24>)*$%:6((%3$%#)+'($0%:6-9%)%'4//>%'(),$7%M9$%'4//>%'(),$%
:6((%-9$,%3$%6,#$4-$0%6,%-9$%X)4)0)C%W*$%?)6(%-/%+$)#24$%-9$%*9)4E$7%LC%
#)+'(6,E%06>>$4$,-%#$*-6/,#%/>%-9$%#24>)*$D%-9$%4$()-6=$%*9)4E$%0$,#6-C%
*),%3$%/3#$4=$07%X/4%$5)+'($D%C/2%+)C%>6,0%-9)-%-9$%)+/2,-%/>%*9)4E$%
/,%-:/%$F2)(%#6]$0%4$E6/,#%/,%-9$%#24>)*$%/>%)%*/,02*-/4%+)C%06>>$4%6,%
+)E,6-20$%/4%$=$,%6,%#6E,7%M96#%/**24#%>/4%,/,H2,6>/4+%*9)4E$%
06#-4632-6/,7%;(-$4,)-$(CD%C/2%+)C%/3#$4=$%-9)-%$=$4C:9$4$%/,%-9$%
#24>)*$%-9$%*9)4E$%9)#%-9$%#)+$%+)E,6-20$%),0%#6E,7%M96#%/**24#%>/4%
2,6>/4+%*9)4E$%06#-4632-6/,7
;,%6+'/4-),-%)#'$*-%/>%+$)#246,E%*9)4E$%06#-4632-6/,#%6#%*9)4E$%
*/,#$4=)-6/,7%M9$%'4//>%'(),$%4$+/=$#%#/+$%*9)4E$%>4/+%-9$%#24>)*$%6-%
#)+'($#7%W>%-9$%'4//>%'(),$%6#%E4/2,0$0%)>-$4%$)*9%+$)#24$+$,-D%-9$%
#24>)*$%:6((%3$%0$'($-$0%/>%*9)4E$%:6-9%*/,#$*2-6=$%+$)#24$+$,-#7%
\/:$=$4D%3C%,/-%E4/2,06,E%-9$%'4//>%'(),$%S),0%3C%,/-%($--6,E%6-%-/2*9%
Equipment Required:
Electrometer (ES-9078) Faraday Ice Pail (ES-9042A)
Electrostatic Voltage Source (ES-9077) Proof Planes
Conductive Spheres, 13 cm (ES-9059B) (2) Te s t l e a d s
Earth ground connection (patch cord)
pail
earth ground
charged
sphere
sampling
sphereDC voltage source*
power cord and VDC source
ground VDC source
share common
to earth or to shield
ground
Figure 2.1 Demonstration Setup
electrometer
electrometer, shield
!;,%$)4-9%E4/2,0%>/4%-9$%#C#-$+%6#%/3-)6,$0%-94/2E9%-9$%B@%=/(-)E$%#/24*$%:)((H+/2,-%'/:$47%

!
Model No. ES-9080 Basic Electrostatics System
19
-9$%6*$%')6(UD%-9$%*9)4E$%/,%-9$%#24>)*$%6#%,/-%0$'($-$07%M9)-%*9)4E$%
:96*9%-9$%'4//>%'(),$%4$+/=$0%>/4%/,$%+$)#24$+$,-%6#%)(:)C#%
4$-24,$0%-/%-9$%#24>)*$%:9$,%-9$%,$5-%#)+'(6,E%6#%+)0$7
NOTE: When the disk of the proof plane touches the surface being
sampled, it essentially becomes part of the surface. To minimize distortion
of the surface shape when sampling, hold the proof plane flat against the
surface, as indicated in the accessory instructions. Please refer to the
accessory instructions for details on how to use the proof planes.
Procedure:
1. L$>/4$%#-)4-6,ED%+)Z$%#24$%-9$%X)4)0)C%W*$%?)6(%6#%'4/'$4(C%E4/2,0$0D%
:6-9%-9$%#96$(0%*/,,$*-$0%-/%$)4-9%E4/2,07%M9$%$($*-4/+$-$4D%
*/,,$*-$0%-/%-9$%')6(D%+2#-%)(#/%3$%E4/2,0$07%%X/((/:%-9$%#$-2'%6,%
X6E24$%e7_D%:6-9%-9$%3()*Z%($)0%*/,,$*-$0%/=$4%-9$%$0E$%/>%-9$%#96$(0%
),0%-9$%4$0%($)0%*/,,$*-$0%/=$4%-9$%$0E$%/>%-9$%6*$%')6(7
2. ?()*$%-9$%-:/%)(2+6,2+%#'9$4$#%)-%($)#-%gJ%*+%)')4-7%@/,,$*-%/,$%
/>%-9$%#'9$4$#%-/%-9$%G($*-4/#-)-6*%d/(-)E$%8/24*$%SG8HIJKKUD%
'4/=606,E%eJJJ%dB@7%M9$%=/(-)E$%#/24*$%6#%-/%3$%E4/2,0$0%-/%-9$%
#)+$%$)4-9%E4/2,0%)#%-9$%#96$(0%),0%-9$%$($*-4/+$-$47%M9$%
*/,,$*-$0%#'9$4$%:6((%3$%2#$0%)#%)%*9)4E6,E%3/0C7
3. ./+$,-)46(C%E4/2,0%-9$%/-9$4%#'9$4$%-/%4$+/=$%),C%4$#602)(%
*9)4E$%>4/+%6-7
4. 8-)4-%-9$%0$+/,#-4)-6/,%3C%#)+'(6,E%),0%4$*/406,E%-9$%*9)4E$%)-%
#$=$4)(%06>>$4$,-%'/6,-#%/,%-9$%#)+'(6,E%#'9$4$7%SM9$%#'9$4$%-9)-%
:)#%E4/2,0$0%6,%#-$'%e7U%@9//#$%'/6,-#%/,%)((%#60$#%-/%4$'4$#$,-%),%
/=$4)((%#)+'($%/>%-9$%#24>)*$7
5. 1/:%346,E%-9$%eJJJ%dB@%#'9$4$%*(/#$%-/%-9$%E4/2,0$0%#'9$4$D%
2,-6(%-9$64%#24>)*$#%)4$%)3/2-%_%*+%)')4-7%M24,%-9$%=/(-)E$%#/24*$%
A1D%-9$,%#)+'($%),0%4$*/40%-9$%*9)4E$%)-%-9$%#)+$%'/6,-#%#)+'($0%
3$>/4$7
6. ./+$,-)46(C%E4/2,0%-9$%#)+'(6,E%#'9$4$%)E)6,D%3C%-/2*96,E%/,$%
9),0%-/%-9$%E4/2,0$0%6*$%')6(%#96$(0%),0%-9$%/-9$4%9),0%-/%-9$%
#'9$4$7%S.)Z$%#24$%-9$%6*$%')6(%6#%E4/2,0$0%3$>/4$%0/6,E%-96#7U%
;E)6,D%#)+'($%),0%4$*/40%-9$%*9)4E$%)-%-9$%#)+$%'/6,-#%#)+'($0%
3$>/4$7
7. &$+/=$%-9$%eJJJ%dB@%#'9$4$%2,-6(%6-%6#%)-%($)#-%gJ%*+%):)C%>4/+%
-9$%#)+'(6,E%#'9$4$7%;E)6,D%#)+'($%),0%4$*/40%-9$%*9)4E$%)-%-9$%
#)+$%'/6,-#%#)+'($0%3$>/4$7

Basic Electrostatics System Model No. ES-9080
20
!
Analysis
1. b9)-%'4/02*$0%-9$%*9)4E$%06#-4632-6/,#%)-%$)*9%#-$'%/>%-9$%$5'$46+$,-m
2. b9C%060%),C%*9)4E$%4$+)6,%/,%-9$%#$*/,0%#'9$4$%$=$,%)>-$4%6-%:)#%
E4/2,0$0m
Extra Things to Try
1. M/%#9/:%-9)-%-9$%*9)4E$%/,%)%*/,02*-/4%)(:)C#%4$#60$#%/,%-9$%/2-#60$%
#24>)*$D%3$,0%)%>($563($%#9$$-%/>%+$-)(%6,-/%)%*C(6,0$47%@9)4E$%-9$%
*C(6,0$4%),0%+$)#24$%-9$%*9)4E$%0$,#6-C%6,%-9$%6,,$4%),0%/2-$4%
#24>)*$#7%1/-6*$%-9)-%*9)4E$%6#%)(:)C#%/,%-9$%/2-#60$7
2. M/%#9/:%9/:%-9$%#24>)*$%#9)'$%)>>$*-#%*9)4E$%0$,#6-CD%-4C%-/2*96,E%
-:/%*9)4E$0%'4//>%'(),$#%-/E$-9$4%#/%-9)-%-9$C%)4$%#C++$-46*)(%
)4/2,0%-9$64%'/6,-%/>%*/,-)*-7%.$)#24$%-9$%*9)4E$%/,%$)*97%1$5-%
-/2*9%-9$+%6,%),%)#C++$-46*)(%+),,$4%),0%+$)#24$%-9$%*9)4E$%6,%
$)*97%B/$#%/,$%9)=$%+/4$%*9)4E$%-9),%-9$%/-9$4m%b96*9%/,$m%SL$%
#24$%-/%$(6+6,)-$%#-4)C%*9)4E$#%>4/+%,$*Z#%),0%9),0($#D%-/%'4$=$,-%
$44/,$/2#%4$)06,E#7U
Symmetric Planes Asymmetric Planes
Figure 2.2: Test of Different Sampling Configurations