PASI GEA RM1 1.0 User manual

PASI
User Manual
GEA RM1 1.0
P.A.S.I srl –via Galliari 5/E –10125 TORINO –Italy
Tel. [phone] –Fax [phone] - E-mail [email protected]
www.pasisrl.it

Table of Contents
Table of Contents..............................................................................................................2
1. Important Notice .......................................................................................................2
2. Warranty and safety instructions...............................................................................3
3. Introduction...............................................................................................................4
Contents.........................................................................................................................4
4. How to use.................................................................................................................5
Hardware elements........................................................................................................5
Hardware connections...................................................................................................6
6. To begin with ..........................................................................................................15
Terminology: Session, Table and File.........................................................................15
Session.....................................................................................................................16
Table........................................................................................................................16
File...........................................................................................................................16
Execution of a single measurement.............................................................................17
Creation of a generic measurement session ................................................................17
Running a measurement session on the system ..........................................................18
Create a measurement table from a PC and upload to the system ..............................19
Transferring a measurement session from the system to the PC.................................19
7. Description of the systems interface in standalone mode.......................................20
Switching on the system and control panel.................................................................20
List of commands in the Main menu.......................................................................23
Sessions and Templates...........................................................................................23
Measurement sessions.................................................................................................24
Displaying session information...............................................................................25
Display of the measurements of the session............................................................26
Execution, editing and repetition of a measure in session ......................................28
Viewing the parameters of an automatic session ....................................................29

GEA RM1
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Table of Contents
Perform the measurements of an automatic session...............................................30
Last session.................................................................................................................31
Session management...................................................................................................32
Template view.............................................................................................................33
Executing a single measurement.................................................................................33
Complete Measure......................................................................................................34
Measurements configuration.......................................................................................39
System configurations and information......................................................................40
Switching off the system.............................................................................................41
Insights........................................................................................................................42
Entering a string......................................................................................................42
Simplified display of geometric measurement data................................................43
Meaning of the Sigma value for a complete measurement.....................................43
8. Description of the Gea RM1-PC program..............................................................45
Creating a table...........................................................................................................47
Creation of a table for SEV manual measurements................................................48
Table creation for non-SEV manual measurements ...............................................50
Creation of tables for automatic measurements......................................................55
Creation of a table for measures of spontaneous potential.....................................57
View and save the table created..............................................................................57
Table management......................................................................................................58
Control of the Gea RM1 system .................................................................................59
Tables upload..............................................................................................................60
Download sessions......................................................................................................61
System functions.........................................................................................................62
9. Software update ......................................................................................................64
Aggiornamento del programma Gea RM1-PC...Errore. Il segnalibro non è definito.
10. Appendix..............................................................................................................65
Technical features.......................................................................................................65
A-B (C1-C2) Current Circuit..................................................................................65
M-N (P1-P2) Potential Circuit................................................................................65
System.....................................................................................................................66

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TEST circuit diagram..................................................................................................67

1.Important Notice
All rights to this manual are owned solely by P.A.S.I. srl. All rights reserved. The copying
of this manual (without the written permission from the owner) by printing, copying,
recording or by any other means, the complete or partial translation of the manual in any
other language, including all programming languages, using any electrical device,
mechanical, magnetic, optical, manual or other methods is prohibited.
P.A.S.I. reserves the right to change the technical specifications or functions of its
products, or to discontinue the production of any of its products or to discontinue the
support of any of its products, without any written announcement and urges its customers
to ensure that the information at their disposal is valid.
P.A.S.I. software and programs are delivered "as is". The manufacturer does not grant
any kind of warranty including that on the suitability and applicability to a certain
application. Under no circumstances is the manufacturer or developer of a program
responsible for any possible damage caused by the use of a program.
P.A.S.I. products have not been designed to be used in any way or application other than
those mentioned.
This guide refers to "GEA RM1-PC" SW version 1.0.0, firmware version 1.2.
Torino, ITALIA 2018
Copyright: 2018 P.A.S.I. srl

GEA RM1
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Warranty and safety instructions
2.Warranty and safety instructions
CAUTION
In the appliance connected to the energizer circulating potentially
lethal voltages and currents, you are requested, for your safety, to
observe the electrical safety standards, make all connections always
with the energizer turned off, never leave the instrument unattended
and keep away inexperienced staff, children and animals.
This equipment allows you to perform measurements of electrical resistivity of the
ground, measures of induced polarization (IP) and measures of spontaneous potential
(SP). Using the instrument for other uses for which it was not designed may void the
warranty and generate hazardous situations.
In order to use the equipment properly and correctly, it is necessary to have geological
and geophysical skills. On request we can provide a bibliography containing the titles of
some texts to be consulted, if necessary.
Read the instructions carefully before using the product:
- This device has been designed and built to make electrical ground resistivity
measurements possible for geophysical / geological purposes. A careful reading of this
manual is recommended before proceeding with use.
- Warranty will be void if the product is used in any ways that is in contradiction with
the instructions given in this manual.
- Warranty will be void if the instrument has been tampered with.
- The device must only be used only according to the instructions described in this
manual. Faultless and safe operation of the device can be guaranteed only if the
transport, storage, handling and operation of the device is appropriate.
- To avoid damage, use only original accessories or approved by PASI srl.
- The box is waterproof only if closed. When a suitable location has been selected for
the device, it must be ensured that no water can get into the device under any
conditions. Direct sunlight is also to be avoided for long periods. It is not recommended
that the instrument is installed on a strongly vibrating surface.

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3.Introduction
The instrument GEA RM1 is a device designed and assembled by P.A.S.I. srl, a
leading company in Italy in the production of instruments for geology and geophysics.
This guide details the technical specifications and how to use the device. Please follow
these guidelines.
Contents
-Chapter 5, How to use, describes how to use the system from the hardware point
of view.
-Chapter 6, To begin with, describes how to perform some basic operations using
the Gea RM1 system and the Gea RM1-PC program, referring to the following
chapters of the manual and allowing the operator to begin to know and use the
system.
-Chapter 7, Description of the interface in standalone mode, describes the
operating mode of the system used in standalone mode, this means without the
connection to a PC, illustrating in detail all the features offered by the system.
-Chapter 8, Description of the Gea RM1-PC program, describes the operating
mode of the control program on the PC and the use of the system, illustrating in
detail all the features provided by the program and their interaction with the
system.
-Chapter 9, Software System Update, describes how to perform the update of the
systems software using the Gea RM1-PC program.
-Chapter 10, Appendix, shows the technical characteristics of the system and the
definition of the GPD owner format (Geophysics Pasi Data) used for storing on a
file the results of a measurement session.

GEA RM1
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How to use
4.How to use
Hardware elements
Notice, the content of the package depends on what you ordered, if in doubt contact our
service after sales.
A standard supply could contain the following parts:
1. GEA RM1 standard version device from 1 A full scale (optional from 5 A).
2. P200 Energizer (200 V max 1 A) or P100-2-N Energizer (200 V 500 mA)
3. 3 Sets of connection cables
4. Cables for connecting current electrodes AB (or C1C2) 300 m (other sizes optional)
5. Cables for connecting potential electrodes MN (or P1P2) 100 m (other sizes optional)
6. Potential electrodes MN (or P1P2) non polarizable (optional)
7. Potential electrodes MN (0 P1P2) copper
8. Current electrodes (AB or P1P2)
9. 1 kg hammers for electrode piling
10. Device for controlling its functioning and calibration (optional)

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Hardware connections
FIGURE 1-HARDWARE CONNECTIONS
Figure 13 shows the connection diagram of the various hardware elements to the GEA
RM1 instrument. To the left at the top of the panel are the connection connectors for the
energizers (TX + and -), top right the connectors for the peaks of current input in the
ground (A and B), bottom right there are the connectors for measuring the ground voltage
(M and N), bottom left we find the USB connector for connection to the PC and the
internal battery charge and the EXT expansion connector that allows you to connect
external accessories.
Attention: when setting up the connections always pay the utmost attention to the
electrical risks, make the connections always with the energizer turned off and
disconnected; before starting the measurements, make sure that all the connections have
been correctly carried out and that everybody has moved away from the measuring pegs.
For the preparation and use of the non polarizable electrodes (optional), refer to the
instructions attached to them.
The energizer has its own user manual to be read.

GEA RM1
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How to use
5.A first rewarding example
In the device you will find a Schlumberger table (ExampleSCH) that we will use for this
example.
A few premises before starting:
operations performed in sequence by the instrument:
1. transmits current between the two current electrodes (AB or C1C2) connected to the
ground;
2. measures the potential difference between the potential electrodes (MN or P1P2)
once the measurements have reached the set Sigma;
3. calculates the apparent resistance as K x V / I (where K is the geometric factor);
4. memorizes the data of the measurement.
The operator moves the electrodes up to the new measuring point and starts a new
sequence, the instrument performs the operations again a b c d
The operator intervenes again and proceeds to the end of the measurements indicated in
the table.
Once the measurements are complete, they transfer to the inversion software to obtain a
stratigraphy that will then be correlated to the geology of the ground.
In the paragraph Hardware connections in Figure 13, the appliance-cable-ground
connections to be performed are indicated.
Practical information for use:
• The GEA RM1 resistance meter is placed at the center of the laying;
• To reduce contact resistance, the electrodes must be inserted as deeply as possible into
the ground; if necessary, the piling point must be wet with salt water and if this is not
sufficient, several electrodes must be connected in parallel to increase the contact
surface.
The connection cables between the electrodes must be kept distant from one another to
avoid problems of insulation and mutual coupling.
Before starting the measurements it is necessary (if you have not already) to prepare the
tables. The example is shown in the following images

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FIGURE 2-CONNECT THE INSTRUMENT TO THE PC AND
RUN THE SOFTWARE. CLICK ON "NEW TABLE" TO
CREATE ANEW TABLE
FIGURE 3-INSERT THE DESIRED PARAMETERS FOR THE
CREATION OF ANEW TABLE

GEA RM1
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How to use
FIGURE 4-EXAMPLE OF INTEGRAL TABLE
FIGURE 5-EXAMPLE WITH SIMPLIFIED VIEW

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Measurements are started from low AB values (see Table ExampleSCH Figure 7 and
Figure 8) and we proceed by enlarging the measure, for some AB / 2 values (when the
Sigma value is too high) to avoid certain problems from lateral variations of surface
resistance it is appropriate to re-execute the measurement by increasing the value of MN
/ 2 (re-tie, see Figure 9 and Figure 10 Figure 9), ideally the two measurements should be
the same.
As you can see from the attached table the values of AB / 2 are spaced logarithmically
with 10 values per decade (1-10 m; 10-100m; 100-1000 m; etc.) and initially all MN
values are equal, (Figure 4 ).
When the measurements begin to be noisy (standard deviation> 5% the contact resistance
must be decreased with the methods indicated above to allow greater current flow and
simultaneously increase the MN / 2 distance, as the measurement proceeds if the Sigma
is to exceed at the prefixed value it will be possible to press the execute / modify / repeat
key (Figure 11) and the software (if the measurement had already been performed it will
increase all the values of MN following one of a value equal to ¼, will be simultaneously
updated the values of K from the modification point, we will proceed as above until the
Sigma will again be> 5% and then again it will be necessary to increase MN, pressing the
repeat key measures all the data from the point of modification forward will be increase
by ¼ and proceed until the end of the measures.
FIGURE 6-SAVING THE TABLE

GEA RM1
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How to use
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 7

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FIGURE 9-MEASURE WITH INCREASED MN
FIGURE 10 -REPEAT MEASURE

GEA RM1
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How to use
FIGURE 11 -EXECUTE, MODIFY, REPEAT
FIGURE 12 -MEASURING EXAMPLE WITH SIGMA> 5

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Remember, in the selection of the tables, that the depth of investigation with the
Schlumberger quadriple is worth about a fifth of the distance AB.
1. insert the current electrodes (AB or C1C2) externally to the SEV spacing according to
the first distance in the table (it is advisable to use the simplified view which makes more
immediate the comprehension, arrangement and use of the metric wheel to measure the
points driving the pegs on the ground;
2. insert the potential electrodes (MN or P1P2) inside the SEV spacing to the second the
first distance in the table (we recommend using the simplified view which makes the
comprehension, arrangement and use of the metric wheel for measuring the piling points
on the ground;
3. Connect the longest cable with the red connectors to the red socket (A or C1) of the
instrument and spread the cable, letting the reel to scroll up to the rod A (or C1)
conventionally the one to the left of the SEV laying;
4. Connect the shorter cable with the red connectors to the red socket (M or P1) of the
instrument and lay the cable running on the reel up to the rod M (or P1) conventionally
the one to the left of the SEV spread;
5. Connect the longest cable with the black connectors to the black socket (B or C2) of
the instrument and lay the cable by letting the reel A to the peg A (or C1) conventionally
the one to the left of the SEV laying.

GEA RM1
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To begin with
6.To begin with
This chapter lists the steps that must be performed on the Gea RM1 system or on the Gea
RM1-PC program, in order to describe how to operate on the system and carry out some
common operations. For the description of the single steps, please refer to chapters 4 and
5, which respectively describe the operation of the Gea RM1 system and the Gea RM1-
PC program.
Terminology: Session, Table and File
In the manual and on the interfaces of the Gea RM1 system and the Gea RM1-PC program
the three terms are used to identify three different aspects of the same basic concept.
The basic concept that we want to identify is the software container that is used to store
data related to a sequence of homogeneous measurements, and must be managed in a
coherent way to allow a subsequent effective analysis. The informations kept in this
container are:
- distinguishing features of the measurement sequence (type of measurement,
algorithm used to calculate the measurement sequence);
- geographical references of the position in which the sequence of measures is
carried out;
- input parameters for the algorithm used for the calculation of the measurement
sequence;
- placing of the electrodes for each measurement;
- electrical quantities detected during the measurement;
- Moment in which the measure is carried out.
The informations of a measurement sequence is called in different ways to highlight the
different characteristics: Session, when it is used by the Gea RM1 system, Table when it
is used by the Gea RM1-PC program, File when you are in saving mode on PC .

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Session
“Session” is when this container is stored on the Gea RM1 system, to indicate its
characteristic of being able to be executed by the system during a measurement session
and to be populated with the detected electrical quantities.
A session can be created, performed, viewed, modified, copied and renamed, but it is not
directly accessible to the operator as it is stored in the system in proprietary mode. To be
able to make the session available to the operator, you will have to transfer it to a PC,
connecting it to the Gea RM1 system using the USB cable and linking it through the Gea
RM1-PC program. Having made this connection, two features will be available:
-Download: allows you to transfer a session from the Gea RM1 system to the
PC (when it is on the PC it will be called a table);
-Upload: allows you to transfer a table from the PC to the Gea RM1 system
(when it is on the system it will be called a session).
The session name is set by the operator when creating, copying or uploading, and must
be univocal to his system.
A particular type of session is called "Template", it has the same characteristics of the
session except that the measures contained in it cannot be performed. The template serves
as a model for the sessions, and has to be duplicated to be used. The functioning of the
templates is described in chapter 7 in Sessions and Templates
Table
“Table” is when this container is stored on the PC and used by the Gea RM1-PC program,
it indicates the form of the table with which it is displayed and managed by the Gea RM1-
PC program where to each line corresponds a measure.
A table can be created by the operator through the functions of the Gea RM1-PC program
choosing among some algorithms defined in literature that will populate the table rows
with the geometric position data of the electrodes for each measurement.
The name of the table is set by the operator when the table is saved on the hard disk of
the PC, after a creation, a copy or a download from the system, and it will coincide with
the name of the file through which the table is saved.
File
"File" is when the container is stored on the PC hard disk or on other hardware support.
It comes in the form of a text file with a GPD proprietary file format defined to keep all
the information of the table used by the Gea RM1-PC program.