RTS KP-32 User manual

93507757000 Rev F June 2006
RVON-1
for the
KP-32 and KP-812 Family of Keypanels

PROPRIETARY NOTICE
The product information and design disclosed herein were originated by
and are the property of Telex Communications, Inc. Telex reserves all
patent, proprietary design, manufacturing, reproduction, use and sales
rights thereto, and to any article disclosed therein, except to the extent
rights are expressly granted to others.
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Copyright 2006 by Telex Communications, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reproduction, in whole or in part, without prior written permission from
Telex is prohibited.
WARRANTY NOTICE
See the enclosed warranty card for further details.
CUSTOMER SUPPORT
Technical questions should be directed to:
Customer Service Department
RTS/Telex Communications, Inc.
12000 Portland Avenue South
Burnsville, MN 55337 USA
Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Factory Service: 800-553-5992
RETURN SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS
Customer Service Department
Telex Communications, Inc. (Lincoln, NE)
Telephone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Factory Service: 800-553-5992
Please include a note in the box which supplies the company name,
address, phone number, a person to contact regarding the repair, the type
and quantity of equipment, a description of the problem and the serial
number(s).
SHIPPING TO THE MANUFACTURER
All shipments of product should be made via UPS Ground, prepaid (you
may request from Factory Service a different shipment method). Any
shipment upgrades will be paid by the customer. The equipment should
be shipped in the original packing carton. If the original carton is not
available, use any suitable container that is rigid and of adequate size. If
a substitute container is used, the equipment should be wrapped in paper
and surrounded with at least four (4) inches of excelsior or similar
shock-absorbing material. All shipments must be sent to the following
address and must include the Proof of Purchase for warranty repair.
Upon completion of any repair the equipment will be returned via United
Parcel Service or specified shipper, collect.
Factory Service Department
Telex Communications, Inc.
8601 East Cornhusker Hwy.
Lincoln, NE 68507 U.S.A.
Attn: Service
This package should include the following:

T
a
bl
e
of
Contents
Chapter 1
Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................................................................1
General Description of the RVON-1 Voice Over Network Card .............................................................................................................1
Features .....................................................................................................................................................................................................1
Specifications ............................................................................................................................................................................................2
Dip Switches .............................................................................................................................................................................................3
Firmware Compatibility Requirements for the RVON-1 Card .................................................................................................................3
Flash Chip Replacement ............................................................................................................................................................................4
Chapter 2
Installation .................................................................................................................................................................................................5
Installation of the RVON-1 Card ..............................................................................................................................................................5
RVON-1 Relay ..........................................................................................................................................................................................7
Addresses and the RVON-1 ......................................................................................................................................................................7
Configure the RVON-1 from the KP-32 ...................................................................................................................................................8
Set the IP Address from the Service Level Menu ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Select an RVON Connection from the Top Level Menu ...........................................................................................................................9
Configure the RVON-1 from the KP-812 ...............................................................................................................................................10
Set the IP Address from the Service Level Menu ...................................................................................................................................10
Select an RVON Connection from the Top Level Menu ........................................................................................................................11
Configure the RVON-8 using AZedit to contact the RVON-1 ...............................................................................................................11
Chapter 3
Configuration ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Download RVON-1 Firmware Through AZedit .....................................................................................................................................13
Appendix A
Basic Network Configuration ..................................................................................................................................................................15
Basic Network Configuration ..................................................................................................................................................................15
LAN (local area network) vs. WAN (wide area network) ......................................................................................................................15
LOCAL AREA NETWORK ...................................................................................................................................................................15
WIDE AREA NETWORK ......................................................................................................................................................................16
ACCESSING THE WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) ........................................................................................................................17
NETWORK ADDRESS TRANSLATION (NAT) .................................................................................................................................17
PORTS ....................................................................................................................................................................................................17
IP ADDRESSES .....................................................................................................................................................................................18
Ping a Computer ......................................................................................................................................................................................19
POSSIBLE PITFALL WITH ROUTERS, GATEWAYS, AND SWITCHES .......................................................................................20
RVON Configuration ..............................................................................................................................................................................21
Network Terminology ............................................................................................................................................................................. 22

T
a
bl
e
of
Contents
Appendix B
Telnet & Serial Port Programming ..........................................................................................................................................................25
RVON Serial and Telnet Commands ......................................................................................................................................................25
Setup ........................................................................................................................................................................................................25
How to Configure the RVON-1 using Telnet ......................................................................................................................................... 26

1
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
General Description of the RVON-1 Voice Over Network Card
Installed directly into KP-32 or KP-812 keypanels, the RVON-1 provides voice over IP (Internet Protocol) communications,
for the RTS™ ADAM Intercom family. In general, voice over IP means sending voice information in digital form using dis-
crete packets rather than the traditional hardwire connection. The RVON-1 delivers an integrated solution for connecting key-
panels to the Intercom matrix over standard IP networks.
The RVON-1 is compatible with any RTS™ Matrix Intercom System equipped with a suitable RVON interface. In conjunction
with any new or existing KP-32 or KP-812 keypanel, the RVON-1 brings a new level of enterprise-wide and remote access
functionality to your RTS™ Matrix Intercom.
The RVON-1 card is configurable through the keypanel service menu and Telex’s AZedit configuration software. It is also
fully compatible with internationally recognized standards and supports the following protocols: G.711, G.729 AB, and G.723
(2 bit rates).
The RVON-1 reaffirms RTS’ history of providing support for the latest technology in a fully supported backward compatible
manner to all its RTS™ products.
Features
Installation The RVON-1 provides a single RJ-45 Ethernet connection for use with a 10 BAS-T or 100 BASE-TX
network.
1 Channel of AudioIN
and OUT
The RVON-1 card supports one channel IN and OUT and has configurable network and bandwidth
parameters that can be tailored to individual network functions.
Ethernet Compatible The RVON-1 card uses standard Ethernet protocols and is compatible with 10 BASE-T and 100 BASE-
TX Ethernet compliant devices and networks.
AZedit Configurations Users have the ability to adjust the audio parameters of the RVON-1 channel to optimize the available
bandwidth.
Swappable Between
Ethernet and AIO
Connection
When connected ton an Ethernet LAN, audio comes from the RVON-1 card; and, when an Ethernet link
is not present, the audio comes from the AIO connection. Note, the user does not need to remove the
RVON-1 card to switch to AIO mode.

Introduction
2
Specifications
DIGITAL
CONNECTIONS
•RJ-45 Ethernet via backcard
•14-pin KP Compatible Expansion Connector
Pin 1...............................................................................................................................5 Volt Analog
Pin 2........................................................................................................................................ -12 Volt
Pin 3........................................................................................................................................+12 Volt
Pin 4................................................................................................................................5 Volt Digital
Pin 5................................................................................................................................ Analog GND
Pin 6.................................................................................................................................Digital GND
Pin 7.......................................................................................................................To Matrix Audio L
Pin 8................................................................................................................................................NC
Pin 9.................................................................................................................. From Matrix Audio L
Pin 10...................................................................................................................................... RS485L
Pin 11................................................................................................................From Matrix Audio H
Pin 12..............................................................................................................................................NC
Pin 13.................................................................................................................... To Matrix Audio H
Pin 14......................................................................................................................................RS485H
Power............................................................................................................... Powered internally from keypanel
motherboard
Physical ........................................................................................................... 2.5”W x 5.75”L (63.5mmW X
146.05mmL)
Compression Audio Bit Rate Coding Delay Playout Delay IP Bandwidth
G.711 64k 125μs 20-60ms 160-224 kbps
G.729AB 8k 10ms 20-120ms 32-112kbps
G.723 5.3k/6.3k 30ms 60-120ms 29-45kbps
*Data depends on CODEC selection.
NOTE: The Playout Delay and Bandwidth depend on the configured amount of audio per packet.

3
Dip Switches
Dip Switches
Firmware Compatibility Requirements for the RVON-1 Card
Switch 1 Reserved
Switch 2 Disable Telnet Shell
Default Setting: OFF (Telnet Enabled)
Description: The Telnet shell allows you to access configuration options through the use of Telnet. When DIP switch 2 is OFF, you
can use Telnet to access configuration options on the RVON-1 card. Turn DIP switch 2 ON to disable the Telnet shell
Switch 3 Enable Boot Downloader
Default Setting OFF (Boot Downloader Disabled)
Description The purpose of the boot downloader is to allow you to recover from having your main application image corrupted
(either by bad flash programming or by downloading an invalid image). Turn DIP switch 3 ON to enable the boot
downloader.
Switch 4 Debug Only!
Default Setting OFF
Description DIP switch 4 should always be left in the OFF position. It is reserved for debugging and can have unintended
consequences.
Description Version
Master Controller 9.19.0 or later
Peripheral Controller 10.10.0 or later
DBX 1.10.1 or later
AZedit 2.06.06 or later
RVON-8 1.1.0 or later
KP-32 2.0.0 or later
TABLE 1. Compatibility Requirements for the RVON-1 card.

Introduction
4
Flash Chip Replacement
1.
Keypanel Flash Chip Replacement
KP-32 Standard 9015-7656-002 (U2)
9015-7656-003 (U3)
KP-32 (Japan) 9015-7656-042 (U2)
9015-7656-043 (U3)
KP-632 9015-7656-202 (U2)
9015-7656-203 (U3)
KP-832 9015-7656-302 (U2)
9015-7656-303 (U3)
TABLE 2. Flash Chip replacement part numbers.
Figure 1. Flash Chip placement on the KP-32 motherboard
U2 U3
Flash Chips
U2 U3
Flash Chips

5
CHAPTER 2
Installation
Installation of the RVON-1 Card
Before using the RVON-1 card with the KP-32, a few modifications need to be made to the keypanel. If the serial number on
your KP-32 keypanel is 61170, you will need to update you backpanel with the Ethernet RJ-45 connection (part number -
9080-7656-002) knockout present. Also, the KP-32 flash chips need to be replaced with larger flash chips (4MB) see Table 2,
“Flash Chip replacement part numbers.,” on page 4.
To install the RVON-1 card, do the following:
1. Remove the cover from the KP-32 keypanel.
2. If present, remove the GPI/O board.
The GPI/O board contains the general purpose input and output connections located on the back cover.
3. Using a chip extractor, carefully remove and replace the flash chips located at U2 and U3 on the KP-32 Motherboard, see
“Flash Chip Replacement” on page 4.
4. Using a hammer and screwdriver, remove the specified knockout pieces, see Figure 2..
5. Mount the supplied spacer on the RVON-1 card on the corner of the card near the DIP switch. See Figure 3 on page 6.
6. Securely connect the RVON-1 card to the KP-32 motherboard , see page X for connector specifics.
Figure 2. Knock out positions for the RVON-1 card on the KP-32

Installation
6
7. Replace the GPI/O board.
8. Re-attach the backplate to the KP-32 keypanel. Be sure to secure the spacer with a screw in the back plate. See Figure 2 on
page 5
9. Replace the cover on the KP-32 keypanel.
In the KP-32 keypanel, the RVON-1 card connects to the KP-32 by way of the J2 connector on the RVON-1, attached to J4 on
the KP-32 header.
10. Gently secure the board in place (see Figure 4.).
,
In the KP-812, the RVON-1 card connects to the KP-812 by way of the J2 connector on the RVON, attached to J37 on the KP-
812 header.
Figure 3. The placement of the spacer and screw position on the RVON-1 card.
Figure 4. The J4 connector on the KP-32 board.

7
Addresses and the RVON-1
11. Gently secure the board in place
NOTE: Be sure the orientation of the board is correct, otherwise undesirable effects may occur. Make sure the RJ-45
connection is positioned so it will fit through the specified knockout on the back cover. When installing the RVON-1 card in an
existing KP-32 or KP-812, each keypanel needs to be upgraded to include the following:
KP-32
•A backplate that allows for the RJ-45 connection (Ethernet).
•Larger flash chips.
KP-812
•A backplate that allows for the RJ-45 connection (Ethernet)
•Extension for the RJ-45 connector.
RVON-1 Relay
When connected to an Ethernet LAN, audio comes from the RVON-1 card; and, when Ethernet is not plugged in, the audio
comes from the AIO connection. Note, the user does not need to remove the RVON-1 to switch to AIO mode.
WARNING: You cannot have both an Ethernet connection and an AIO connection simultaneously. If the Ethernet and AIO
are connected simultaneously, no audio communication will occur.
Addresses and the RVON-1
Because the RVON-1 has an Ethernet interface, it is required to have a MAC (Media Access Control) Address. This is a low
level address that contains 48 bits. Do NOT confuse this address with an IP (Internet Protocol) Address. In order to be IP com-
pliant, all cards must have a unique MAC ID when shipped from the manufacturer. Typically, the MAC ID of a piece of hard-
ware, such as the RVON-1 card, has a fixed or static address. Where as the RVON-1 card’s IP Address can change over time.
The MAC Address uniquely identifies each node of a network and interfaces directly with the network media. The RVON-1
card has a small 8-pin serial device on the board that the processor can read the unique MAC Address from. For more
information on MAC IDs, contact technical support.
NOTE: Each RVON-1 card needs to be programmed with its own IP Address.
Figure 5. The J37 connector on the KP-812 board.

Installation
8
Configure the RVON-1 from the KP-32
To use the RVON-1 with the KP-32, the KP-32 firmware must be at version 2.0.0 or higher. In turn, the firmware requires that
larger flash chips be used as well (see See “Flash Chip replacement part numbers.” on page 4.).
TOP LEVEL MENU, SERVICE, RVON SETUP
Set the IP Address from the Service Level Menu
The RVON-1 card, when shipped has a default IP Address already configured. This must be changed in order for the RVON-1
card to function properly because the pre-configured IP Address may not work with your network.
To set the IP Address, do the following:
1. On the KP-32, press Menu.
The top level menu appears.
2. Using the ⎠⎠, scroll to Service.
3. Press PGM.
The Service menu appears.
4. Using the ⎠⎠, scroll to RVON Setup.
5. Press PGM.
The IP Address menu item appears.
6. Press PGM.
The actual IP Address appears.
7. Enter the first number in the IP Address.
This activates the first octet of the IP Address and clears the rest of the IP Address.
8. Press PGM.
This confirms the first octet in the IP Address and moves you to the second octet.
NOTE: Press PGM to skip over any octet that does not need modifications.
9. Repeat steps 7and 8until the entire IP Address is entered.
10. Press PGM.
The Netmask menu item appears.
NOTE: Once you have entered the IP Address, you will then enter the Netmask. The Netmask is a string of numbers similar to
an IP Address, except that it masks or screens out the network part of an IP Address so that only the host computer part of the
address remains (for example, 255.255.255.0).
11. Press PGM.
The actual Netmask appears.
12. Enter the first number in the Netmask.
This activates the first octet of the Netmask and clears the rest of the Netmask.
13. Press PGM.
This confirms the first octet in the Netmask and moves you to the second octet.
NOTE: Press PGM to skip over any octet that does not need modifications.
14. Repeat steps 13 and 14 until the entire Netmask is entered.
15. Press PGM.
The Gateway IP Address menu item appears.
NOTE: Once you have entered the Netmask, you may need to enter the Gateway IP Address. A Gateway is a note (for
example, a computer) on a network that serves as an entrance to another network.

9
Configure the RVON-1 from the KP-32
16. Press PGM.
The actual Gateway IP Address appears.
17. Enter the first number in the Gateway IP Address.
This activates the first octet of the Gateway IP Address and clears the rest of the address.
18. Press PGM.
This confirms the first octet in the Gateway IP Address and moves you to the second octet.
NOTE: Press PGM to skip over any octet that does not need modifications.
19. Repeat steps 19 and 20 until the entire Gateway is entered.
20. Press PGM.
21. Press CLR to exit the menu.
The changes are now enabled.
NOTE: You can still set the IP Address without being connected to an Ethernet LAN. Once you have entered the IP
information you will be prompted to perform a Save Cfg. The address is saved in the keypanel until the RVON-1 is connected
to an Ethernet LAN.
TOP LEVEL MENU, RVON CONN.
Select an RVON Connection from the Top Level Menu
The RVON Conn menu contains a list of connection offers from intercoms. This menu allows the keypanel to dynamically
select an intercom and port to which it will connect.
To select a connection offer, do the following:
1. On the KP-32, press Menu.
The top level menu appears in the CWW window.
2. Using the ⎠⎠, scroll to RVON Conn.
3. Press PGM.
The currently selected intercom port appears in the CWW window. If you have not previously selected a connection, you
will see “none”.
4. Using the ⎠⎠, scroll to the connection offer that you want to accept.
5. Press PGM.
♦ <connection offer> appears. The arrow to the left of the offer designates which connection offer was chosen.
6. Press CLR to exit.
The keypanel will now connect to the selected intercom port.

Installation
10
Configure the RVON-1 from the KP-812
TOP LEVEL MENU, SERVICE, RVON SETUP
Set the IP Address from the Service Level Menu
The RVON-1 card, when shipped has a default IP Address already configured. This must be changed in order for the RVON-1
card to function properly because the pre-configured IP Address may not work with you network.
To set the IP Address, do the following:
1. On the KP-812, scroll to Menu.
The top level menu appears.
2. Turning the encoder knob, scroll to Service.
3. Tap the encoder knob to select Service.
The Service menu appears.
4. Turning the encoder knob, scroll to RVON Setup.
5. Tap the encoder knob to select RVON Setup.
The IP Address menu item appears.
6. Tap the encoder knob to select IP Address.
The actual IP Address appears.
7. Enter the first number in the IP Address.
This activates the first octet of the IP Address and clears the rest of the IP Address.
8. Tap the encoder knob.
This confirms the first octet in the IP Address and moves you to the second octet.
NOTE: Tap the encoder knob to skip over any octet that does not need modifications.
9. Repeat steps 7and 8until the entire IP Address is entered.
10. Tap the encoder knob.
The Netmask menu item appears.
NOTE: Once you have enter the IP Address, you will then enter the Netmask. The Netmask is a string of number similar to an
IP Address, except that it masks or screens out the network part of an IP Address so that only the host computer part of the
address remains (for example, 255.255.255.0).
11. Tap the encoder knob to select Netmask.
The actual Netmask appears.
12. Enter the first number in the Netmask.
This activates the first octet of the Netmask and clears the rest of the Netmask.
13. Tap the encoder knob.
This confirms the first octet in the Netmask and moves you to the second octet.
NOTE: Tap the encoder knob to skip over any octet that does not need modification.
14. Repeat steps 13 and 14 until the entire Netmask is entered.
15. Tap the encoder knob.
The Gateway IP Address menu item appears.
NOTE: Once you have entered the Netmask, you may need to enter the Gateway IP Address. A Gateway is a node (for
example, a computer) on a network that serves as an entrance to another network.
16. Tap the encoder knob to select Gateway.
The actual Gateway IP Address appears.

11
Configure the RVON-8 using AZedit to contact the RVON-1
17. Enter the first number in the Gateway IP Address.
This activates the first octet of the Gateway IP Address and clears the rest of the address.
18. Tap the encoder knob.
This confirms the first octet in the Gateway IP Address and moves you to the second octet.
NOTE: Press PGM to skip over any octet that does not need modifications.
19. Repeat steps 19 and 20 until the entire Gateway is entered.
20. Tap the encoder knob.
21. Press and hold the encoder knob to exit the menu.
The changes are now enabled.
NOTE: You can still set the IP Address without being connected to an Ethernet LAN. Once you have entered the IP
information, you will be prompted to perform a Save Cfg. The address is saved in the keypanel until the RVON-1 is connected
to an Ethernet LAN.
TOP LEVEL MENU, RVON CONN.
Select an RVON Connection from the Top Level Menu
The RVON Conn. menu is a list of connection offers from other intercoms. This menu allows the keypanel to dynamically
select an intercom and port to which it will connect.
To select the connection offer, do the following:
1. Using the encoder knob on the KP -812, scroll to RVON Conn.
2. Tap the encoder knob to select RVON Conn.
The currently selected connection offer appears in the CWW window. If you have not previously selected the connection,
you will see “none”.
3. Turn the encoder knob to scroll to the connection offer to which you want to connect.
4. Tap the encoder knob to select the connection.
The connection offer begins to flash indicating that it has been selected.
5. Press and hold the encoder knob to exit the menu.
The keypanel will now connect to the select port.
Configure the RVON-8 using AZedit to contact the RVON-1
To configure the RVON-1 card, do the following in AZedit:
1. From the Status menu, select I/O Cards.
The I/O Card Status screen appears showing the types of installed.

Installation
12
2. Right click on an RVON-8 card and select RVON-8 Configuration
The RVON-8 Configuration screen appears.
NOTE: The RVON-8 you use should be already configured. If it is not configured, refer to your RVON-8 Card User Manual.
Remember, the RVON-1 has only one channel that can be configured.
3. In the RVON-8 Channel drop down list, select the channel that will be used to communicate to the RVON-1 card across
network.
4. In the Device IP field, enter the IP Address for the RVON-1 card.
5. From the Device Type drop down list, select RVON-1/Keypanel.
6. From the Device Channel drop down list, select Channel 1.
There may be two channels listed, but the connection can only be made through channel 1.
7. From the CODEC Type drop down list, select the CODEC type.
8. From the Packet Sized drop down list, select the size of each audio packet.
NOTE: A CODEC is an algorithm used to compress audio. Codecs dictate the quality of audio you hear and the network
bandwidth used. The packet size determines how much audio data is carried across the network in each transmitted packet.
The CODEC type and packet size chosen require different amounts of bandwidth from the network. As with the CODEC type,
the packet size you choose for the audio transfer will affect the audio you hear and the bandwidth you use over the network.
The larger the audio packet you choose to use, the lower the bandwidth used. However, the larger packet size can result in a
higher delay and longer gaps if the packet is lost. On the other hand, smaller packet sizes result in larger bandwidth use, but
lower delays and smaller gaps if the packet is lost. The Intercom System Engineer and the Network Designer may want to
work together in choosing the CODEC type and packet size suitable for the size of the network, so degradation of network
resources does not occur.
9. Select Enable VAD (Voice Activation Detection), if you want to conserve bandwidth when the audio level is below a
given threshold.
NOTE: VAD saves network bandwidth by stopping the flow of audio packets when silence is detected. VAD is similar to
VOX.
10. Once you are completely finished, click Apply.

13
CHAPTER 3
Configuration
Download RVON-1 Firmware Through AZedit
NOTE: AZedit sends firmware directly to the RVON-1 card over Ethernet. This is different from other I/O cards (except the
RVON-8) that receive the firmware from the Master Controller. For this reason, verify the PC running AZedit is able to contact
the RVON-1 card via the network, or is configured with a Gateway IP Address that can contact the RVON card. If it is not,
AZedit will not be able to find the RVON-8 card. To test the connection, pin the RVON card from a command line. For more
information on how to test for a connection, see Appendix A.
To download the RVON-1 Firmware, do the following:
1. Open AZedit.
2. From the Status menu, select Software Versions and then Keypanels.
The Keypanel Version screen appears.
3. On the Keypanel Version screen, select the Show RVON-1 Versions check box.
4. Select and right click the keypanel which has the RVON-1 installed, and then select Download RVON-1.
The Download Device Firmware screen appears.

Configuration
14
5. Using the Browse feature, browse to the file to be downloaded.
6. Click Open.
The Download Device Firmware screen appears.
7. Click Begin Download.
The download begins.
8. Click OK.
The RVON-1 firmware download is complete. This takes a minute or two to occur.
WA R N I N G ! : Do NOT power down the keypanel until you have verified the new version information from AZedit. If the card
loses power while reprogramming the onboard flash memory, the card may become unbootable and may need to have its flash
chips reprogrammed at the factory.
9. Verify the correct version is shown on the Keypanel Version screen.
NOTE: You can also download the RVON-1 firmware through Status > Ports. You will not be able to check the version once
the download is completed from the Port Status screen.

15
CHAPTER 4
Basic Network Configuration
Basic Network Configuration
This section covers basic network configuration set-up and testing. Also covered are basic concepts and operations, including
the difference between LAN and WAN networks and how IP Addressing is used.
In a networked environment, such as a company, typically there are many computers connected together using a router or a
switch. In larger companies, there may be several different routers distributed in buildings and plant locations. A router allows
any LAN-side computer to communicate with other computers and devices outside the LAN (local area network). Routers
send data packets from one place to another place on a network. routers use network addresses to route packets to the correct
destination. For example, in a TCP/IP network, the IP (internet protocol) address of the network interface is used to direct
router destinations.
Because routers help computers inside the LAN “talk” with computers outside of the LAN, the security of a company’s LAN
may be compromised by gaps of open ports in the router. Security measures may have been instituted to compensate for these
vulnerabilities. Consult you network administrator to learn about the security measures taken to protect your network. VPN, or
virtual private network, is one such security measure to protect the intelligence of the LAN. A computer outside the LAN must
have an address or key known by the VPN to allow access to the LAN. Many companies use a VPN to connect two different
LANs, thus allowing the transfer of data between two networks.
LAN (local area network) vs. WAN (wide area network)
LOCAL AREA NETWORK
Simply put, a LAN is a computer network that connects a relatively small area (a single building or group of buildings). Most
LANs connect workstations and computers to each other. Each computer (also known as a “node”), has its own processing unit
and executes its own programs; however, it can also access data and devices anywhere on the LAN. This means many users
can access and share the same information and devices. A good example of a LAN device is a network printer. Most
companies cannot afford the budgetary or hardware expense of providing printers for each of its users; therefore, one printer
(or device) is placed on the LAN where every user can access the same printer.
The LAN uses IP Addresses to route data to different destinations on the network. An IP Address is a 32-bit numeric address
consisting of four numbers separated by periods (for example, 1.160.10.240).
NOTE: For more information on IP Addresses, see you local network administrator.

Basic Network Configuration
16
WIDE AREA NETWORK
A wide area network (WAN) connects two or more LANs and can span a relatively large geographical area. For example,
Telex Headquarters in Burnsville, MN is connected to several branch offices in Nebraska and Arkansas over a WAN. The
largest WAN in existence is the Internet.
Figure 6. Local Area Network Diagram
Figure 7. Wide Area Network Diagram