Ryobi SC155VS User manual

OPERATOR'S MANUAL
16 in. (406 mm) Scroll Saw
Model SC155VS
SAVE THIS MANUAL FOR FUTURE REFERENCE
THANK YOU FOR BUYING A RYOBI SCROLL SAW.
Your new scroll saw has been engineered and manufactured to Ryobi's high standard for dependability, ease of operation,
and operator safety. Properly cared for, it will give you years of rugged, trouble-free performance.
CAUTION: Carefully read through this entire operator's manual before using your new scroll saw.
Pay close attention to the Rules for Safe Operation, Warnings, and Cautions. If you use your scroll saw properly and only
for what it is intended, you will enjoy years of safe, reliable service.
Please fill out and return the Warranty Registration Card so that we can be of future service to you.
Thank you again for buying Ryobi tools.
SPECIFICATIONS:
Throat 16 in. (406 mm)
Blade Length 5 in. (127 mm) plain or pin
Motor Rating 120 volts, 60 Hz, AC
No Load Speed 400 – 1550 Strokes Per Minute
Amperes 1.2 Amperes
Net Weight 32 lbs. (14 kg.)
45˚
30˚
15˚

Page 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
■Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................................ 2
■Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................. 2
■Rules For Safe Operation ......................................................................................................................................3 - 5
■Electrical...................................................................................................................................................................... 6
■Glossary and Product Specifications .......................................................................................................................... 7
■Unpacking and Tools Needed..................................................................................................................................... 8
■Features ................................................................................................................................................................. 9-10
■Assembly ..............................................................................................................................................................10-11
■Adjustments..........................................................................................................................................................11-14
■Operation..............................................................................................................................................................15-18
■Maintenance......................................................................................................................................................... 18-19
■Troubleshooting......................................................................................................................................................... 19
■Exploded View and Repair Parts List................................................................................................................... 20-23
■Parts Ordering / Service............................................................................................................................................ 24
Your saw has many features for making cutting operations
more pleasant and enjoyable. Safety, performance and
dependability have been given top priority in the design of
this saw making it easy to maintain and operate.
CAUTION:
Carefully read through this entire operator's manual
before using your new saw. Pay close attention to the
Rules For Safe Operation, and all Safety Alert Symbols
including Danger, Warning and Caution. If you use your
saw properly and only for what it is intended, you will
enjoy years of safe, reliable service.
Look for this symbol to point out important safety precautions. It means attention!!! Your safety
is involved.
WARNING:
GLASSES
SAFETY
WEAR YOUR
FORESIGHT IS BETTER
THAN NO SIGHT
The operation of any power tool can result in foreign objects being thrown into your eyes, which
can result in severe eye damage. Before beginning power tool operation, always wear safety
goggles or safety glasses with side shields and a full face shield when needed. We recommend
Wide Vision Safety Mask for use over eyeglasses or standard safety glasses with side shields,
available at your local Ryobi dealer.
INTRODUCTION

Page 3
IMPORTANT
Servicingrequiresextremecareandknowledgeofthe systemandshould beperformedonly byaqualified servicetechnician.
For service we suggest you return the tool to your nearest Ryobi Authorized Service Center. When servicing always use
identical Ryobi replacement parts.
WARNING:
Do not attempt to operate this tool until you have read
thoroughly and understand completely all instructions,
safety rules, etc. contained in this manual. Failure to
comply can result in accidents involving fire, electric
shock,orseriouspersonalinjury.Saveoperator'smanual
and review frequently for continuing safe operation, and
instructing others who may use this tool.
WARNING:
Donotconnectyourscrollsawtoapowersourceuntilyou
have assembled and adjusted the saw as described in
thismanualandhavereadandunderstoodallprecautions
and operating instructions in the manual and printed on
the tool.
READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS
■KNOW YOUR POWER TOOL. Read the operator's
manualcarefully.Learnthesaw'sapplicationsandlimita-
tions as well as the specific potential hazards related to
this tool.
■GUARD AGAINST ELECTRICAL SHOCK BY PRE-
VENTING BODY CONTACT WITH GROUNDED SUR-
FACES.Forexample;pipes,radiators,ranges,refrigera-
tor enclosures.
■KEEP GUARDS IN PLACE and in good working order.
■REMOVEADJUSTINGKEYSANDWRENCHES.Getin
the habit of checking to see that hex keys and adjusting
wrenches are removed from tool before turning on the
saw.
■KEEP THE WORK AREA CLEAN. Cluttered workareas
and work benches invite accidents. DO NOT leave tools
or pieces of wood on the saw while it is in operation.
■DO NOT USE IN DANGEROUS ENVIRONMENTS. Do
not use power tools near gasoline or other flammable
liquids, in damp or wet locations, or expose them to rain.
Keep the work area well lit.
■KEEP CHILDREN AND VISITORS AWAY. All visitors
should wear safety glasses and be kept a safe distance
from work area. Do not let visitors contact tool or exten-
sion cord while operating.
■MAKE WORKSHOP CHILD-PROOF with padlocks and
master switches or by removing starter keys.
■DO NOT FORCE THE TOOL. It will do the job better and
safer at the rate for which it was designed.
■USE THE RIGHT TOOL. Do not force the tool or attach-
ment to do a job it was not designed for. Don't use it for a
purpose not intended.
The purpose of safety symbols is to attract your attention to possible dangers. The safety symbols, and the
explanations with them, deserve your careful attention and understanding. The safety warnings do not by
themselveseliminateanydanger.Theinstructionsor warnings they giveare not substitutesfor proper accident
prevention measures.
SYMBOL MEANING
SAFETY ALERT SYMBOL:
Indicates danger, warning or caution. May be used in conjunction with other symbols or pictographs.
DANGER:Failure toobey asafety warningwill resultin seriousinjury toyourself orto others.Alwaysfollow
the safety precautions to reduce the risk of fire, electric shock and personal injury.
WARNING:Failuretoobeyasafetywarningcanresultinseriousinjurytoyourselfortoothers.Alwaysfollow
the safety precautions to reduce the risk of fire, electric shock and personal injury.
CAUTION:Failure to obey a safety warning may result in property damage or personal injury to yourself or
to others. Always follow the safety precautions to reduce the risk of fire, electric shock and personal injury.
Note: Advises you of information or instructions vital to the operation or maintenance of the equipment.
RULES FOR SAFE OPERATION

Page 4
■USE THE PROPER EXTENSION CORD. Make sure
your extension cord is in good condition. When using an
extensioncord,besuretouseoneheavyenoughtocarry
thecurrentyourproductwilldraw.Anundersizedcordwill
causea dropinlinevoltageresultinginloss ofpower and
overheating. A wire gage size (A.W.G.) of at least 16 is
recommended for an extension cord 100 feet or less in
length.Ifindoubt,usethenextheaviergage.Thesmaller
the gage number, the heavier the cord.
■INSPECT EXTENSION CORDS PERIODICALLY and
replace if damaged.
■DRESSPROPERLY.Donotwearlooseclothing,gloves,
neckties, rings, bracelets, or other jewelry. They can get
caught and draw you into moving parts. Rubber gloves
and nonslip footwear are recommended. Also wear pro-
tective hair covering to contain long hair.
■ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY GLASSES WITH SIDE
SHIELDS.Everyday eyeglasseshave onlyimpact-resis-
tant lenses; they are NOT safety glasses.
■PROTECT YOUR LUNGS. Wear a face or dust mask if
the cutting operation is dusty.
■PROTECT YOUR HEARING. Wear hearing protection
during extended periods of operation.
■SECUREWORK.Useclampsoravisetoholdworkwhen
practical. It's safer than using your hand and it frees both
hands to operate tool.
■DO NOT OVERREACH. Keep proper footing and bal-
ance at all times.
■MAINTAIN TOOLS WITH CARE. Keep tools sharp and
clean for better and safer performance. Follow instruc-
tions for lubricating and changing accessories.
■DISCONNECT ALL TOOLS. When not in use, before
servicing, or when changing attachments, blades, bits,
cutters,etc.,alltoolsshould bedisconnectedfrompower
supply.
■AVOID ACCIDENTAL STARTING. Be sure switch is off
when plugging in.
■USE RECOMMENDED ACCESSORIES. The use of
improper accessories may cause risk of injury.
■NEVER STAND ON TOOL. Serious injury could occur if
the tool is tipped or if the blade is unintentionally con-
tacted.
■CHECK DAMAGED PARTS. Before further use of the
tool, a guard or other part that is damaged should be
carefullycheckedtodeterminethatitwilloperateproperly
andperform itsintendedfunction.Checkforalignmentof
movingparts,bindingofmovingparts,breakageofparts,
sawstability,mountingandanyotherconditionsthatmay
affectitsoperation.Aguard orotherpartthatisdamaged
must be properly repaired or replaced by a qualified
service technician at an authorized service center to
avoid risk of personal injury.
■DIRECTION OF FEED. Feed workinto bladeagainstthe
cutting portion of the blade only.
■NEVERLEAVETOOLRUNNINGUNATTENDED.TURN
THE POWER OFF. Do not leave tool until it comes to a
complete stop.
■USE ONLY CORRECT BLADES. Use the right blade
size,style andcutting speedfor thematerial andthetype
of cut. Blade teeth should point down toward the table.
Sharp blades minimize stalling and kickback. Correctly
adjust blade tension.
■TO PROTECT THE OPERATOR and minimize blade
breakage, ALWAYS adjust the hold down foot to apply
light pressure to the workpiece. Never operate the saw
with any guard or cover removed. Make sure all guards
are operating properly before each use.
■KEEP HANDS AWAY FROM CUTTING AREA. Do not
hand hold pieces so small that your fingers go under the
blade guard. Never reach underneath work or behind,
under, or within three inches of the blade and its cutting
path with your hands and fingers for any reason. Do not
attempt to remove cut material when blade is moving.
WARNING: Blades coast after turn off.
■AVOID PINCHING THE BLADE. Be cautious when cut-
ting off material which is irregular in cross section. For
example, molding must lay flat on the table and not be
permitted to rock.
■DO NOT ABUSE CORD. Neveryank cordtodisconnect
it from receptacle. Keep cord from heat, oil, and sharp
edges.
■INSPECT TOOL CORDS PERIODICALLY and if dam-
aged, have repaired by a qualified service technician at
an authorized service center. Stay constantly aware of
cord location and keep it well away from the blade.
■DO NOT USE TOOL IF SWITCH DOES NOT TURN IT
ON AND OFF. Have defective switches replaced by a
qualified service technician at an authorized service
center.
■KEEPTOOLDRY,CLEAN,ANDFREEFROMOILAND
GREASE. Always use a clean cloth when cleaning.
Never use brake fluids, gasoline, petroleum-based prod-
ucts, or any solvents to clean tool.
■A LARGE PIECE OF MATERIAL SHOULD BE SUP-
PORTEDwhilecutting.Tominimizeriskofbladepinching
andkickback,alwayssupportlongworkpieces.Sawmay
slip, walk or slide while cutting long or heavy boards.
RULES FOR SAFE OPERATION

Page 5
■BEFORE MAKING A CUT, BE SURE ALL ADJUST-
MENTS ARE SECURE.
■BEFORE CHANGING THE SETUP, REMOVING COV-
ERS, GUARDS OR BLADE, UNPLUG THE SAW.
■DO NOT FEED THE MATERIAL TOO QUICKLY while
cutting. Do not force the workpiece against the blade.
■NEVER CUT MORE THAN ONE WORKPIECE AT A
TIME. If making a stacked cut, all of the pieces must be
secured to each other with masking tape or double stick
tape to make one workpiece. Do not put more than one
workpiece on the saw table at a time. Always hold the
work firmly against the table. See page 17.
■AVOIDCUTTINGNAILS.Inspectforandremoveallnails
from lumber before cutting.
■NEVER PERFORM LAYOUT, ASSEMBLY, OR SETUP
WORK ON THE TABLE while the cutting tool is operat-
ing.
■NEVER TOUCH BLADE or other moving parts during
use.
■NEVER START A TOOL WHEN THE BLADE IS IN
CONTACT WITH THE WORKPIECE. Clear the table of
debris before turning your scroll saw on.
■ALLOW THE MOTOR TO COME UP TO FULL SPEED
before starting a cut.
■FIRMLY CLAMP OR BOLT your scroll saw to a stable,
level workbench or table. The most comfortable table
height is at approximately waist height.
■AVOID AWKWARD OPERATIONS AND HAND POSI-
TIONS where a sudden slip could cause your hand to
moveintotheblade.ALWAYSmakesureyouhavegood
balance. Do not cut pieces of material that are too small
to hold comfortably in your hand.
■REPLACEMENT PARTS. All repairs, whether electrical
or mechanical, should be made by qualified service
technician at a authorized service center.
WARNING:
Whenservicinguse onlyidentical Ryobireplacement
parts. Use of any other parts may create a hazard or
cause product damage.
■NEVER USE IN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE. Nor-
mal sparking of the motor could ignite fumes.
■DO NOT OPERATE THIS TOOL WHILE UNDER THE
INFLUENCE OF DRUGS, ALCOHOL, OR ANY MEDI-
CATION.
■STAY ALERT AND EXERCISE CONTROL. Watchwhat
you are doing and use common sense. Do not operate
tool when you are tired. Do not rush.
■MAKE SURE THE WORK AREA HAS AMPLE LIGHT-
INGtoseethe workandthatnoobstructionswillinterfere
with safe operation BEFORE performing any work using
your saw.
■ALWAYS TURN OFF SAW before disconnecting it to
avoid accidental starting when reconnecting to power
supply. NEVER leave the scroll saw unattended while
connected to a power source.
WARNING:
Do not allow familiarity with your saw to make you
careless. Remember that a careless fraction of a
second is sufficient to inflict severe injury.
■SAVETHESEINSTRUCTIONS.Refertothemfrequently
and use to instruct other users. If you loan someone this
tool, loan them these instructions also.
SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS
RULES FOR SAFE OPERATION

Page 6
EXTENSION CORDS
Use only 3-wire extension cords that have 3-prong ground-
ing plugs and 3-pole receptacles that accept the tool's plug.
Whenusingapowertoolataconsiderabledistancefromthe
powersource,use anextensioncord heavyenough to carry
the current that the tool will draw. An undersized extension
cord will cause a drop in line voltage, resulting in a loss of
power and causing the motor to overheat. Use the chart
providedbelowtodeterminetheminimumwiresizerequired
in an extension cord. Only round jacketed cords listed by
Underwriter's Laboratories (UL) should be used.
Length of Extension Cord Wire Size (A.W.G.)
Up to 100 feet 16
Whenworkingwith the tool outdoors,usean extension cord
that is designed for outside use. This is indicated by the
letters WA on the cord's jacket.
Before using an extension cord, inspect it for loose or
exposed wires and cut or worn insulation.
CAUTION:
Keepthecordawayfromthecuttingareaandpositionthe
cordsothat itwill notbecaught onlumber, tools,orother
objects during cutting.
ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
Your Scroll Saw is powered by a precision built electric
motor.Itshouldbeconnectedtoapowersupplythatis120
volts,60 Hz, AConly(normal household current).Donot
operatethistoolondirectcurrent(DC).Asubstantialvoltage
drop will cause a loss of power and the motor will overheat.
If the saw does not operate when plugged into an outlet,
double check the power supply.
GROUNDING INSTRUCTIONS
In the event of a malfunction or breakdown, grounding
provides a path of least resistance for electric current to
reducetheriskofelectricshock.Thistoolisequippedwithan
electriccord havinganequipment-grounding conductorand
agrounding plug.Theplug mustbe pluggedinto amatching
outlet that is properly installed and grounded in accordance
with all local codes and ordinances.
Donotmodifytheplugprovided.Ifitwillnotfittheoutlet,have
theproperoutletinstalledbyaqualifiedelectrician.Improper
connectionoftheequipment-groundingconductorcanresult
in a risk of electric shock. The conductor with insulation
having an outer surface that is green with or without yellow
stripes is the equipment-grounding conductor. If repair or
replacement of the electric cord or plug is necessary, do not
connect the equipment-grounding conductor to a live termi-
nal.
Check with a qualified electrician or service personnel if the
groundinginstructionsarenotcompletelyunderstood,orifin
doubt as to whether the tool is properly grounded.
Repair or replace a damaged or worn cord immediately.
Thistoolisintendedforuseonacircuitthathasanoutletlike
theoneshownin Figure1. Italsohasagroundingpinlikethe
one shown.
ELECTRICAL
Fig. 1
GROUNDING
PIN
COVER OF GROUNDED
OUTLET BOX

Page 7
Bevel Cut
A cutting operation made with the table at any angle other
than 90˚ to the blade.
Crosscut
A cutting or shaping operation made across the grain of the
workpiece.
Compound Cut
A compound cut is a cut made using a miter angle and a
bevel angle at the same time.
Freehand (for scroll saw)
Performing a cut without the workpiece being guided by a
fence or miter gage. Work must be supported by the table.
Gum
A sticky, sap based residue from wood products.
Kerf
Thematerialremovedbythebladeinathroughcutortheslot
produced by the blade in a nonthrough or partial cut.
Leading End
The end of the workpiece pushed into the cutting tool first.
Miter Cut
A cutting operation made with the workpiece at any angle
other than 90˚ or parallel to the blade.
Nonferrous Metal
Metal that does not contain iron; such as aluminum, brass,
and copper.
Push Stick
A device used to feed the workpiece through the saw blade
during narrow wood cutting operations and helps keep the
operator's hands well away from the blade.
Resaw
Acuttingoperation to reducethethickness of theworkpiece
to make thinner pieces.
Resin
A sticky, sap base substance that has hardened.
Ripping
A cutting operation along the length of the workpiece.
Saw Blade Path
The area directly in line — over, under, behind, or in front of
theblade.As itappliesto theworkpiece,that areawhichwill
be, or has been, cut by the blade.
Set
Thedistancethatthetipofthesawbladetoothisbent(orset)
outward from the face of the blade.
SPM
Strokes per minute. Used in reference to blade movement.
Throw-Back
Throwing of a workpiece in a manner similar to a kickback.
Usually associated with a cause other than the kerf closing,
such as a workpiece not being against the fence, being
dropped into the blade, or being placed inadvertently in
contact with the blade.
Through Sawing
Any cutting operation where the blade extends completely
through the thickness of the workpiece.
Workpiece
The item on which the cutting operation is being done. The
surfaces of a workpiece are commonly referred to as faces,
ends, and edges.
Worktable
The surface on which the workpiece rests while performing
a cutting operation.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOR WOODWORKING
Throat 16 in.
Motor 120 V, 1.2 amp, 60 HZ-AC only
Drive Variable Speed
400 – 1550 Strokes per minute
Blade Length 5 in. plain or pin
Table Tilt 45˚
Net Weight 32 lb. (14 kg.)
PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

Page 8
UNPACKING
CAUTION:
To prevent accidental starting or electrical shock that
could cause possible serious personal injury, assemble
allpartstoyoursawbeforeconnectingittopowersupply.
Saw should never be connected to power supply when
youareassemblingparts,makingadjustments,lubricating,
installing or removing blades, cleaning, or when not in
use.
■Carefully lift saw from the carton and place it on a level
work surface.
■Remove pack of 4 extra blades and operator's manual
from the carton.
WARNING:
If any parts are missing, do not operate this tool until the
missing parts are replaced. Failure to do so could result
in possible serious personal injury.
■Do not discard the packing materials until you have
carefully inspected the saw, identified all parts, and
satisfactorily operated your new saw.
Note:Ifanypartsaredamagedormissing,donotattemptto
plug in the power cord and turn the switch on until the
damaged or missing parts are obtained and are installed
correctly.
Yourscrollsaw comescompletelyassembled.Apackageof
4 extra blades, blade changing rod, "T" handle wrench, and
an operator's manual are included with your saw.
TOOLS NEEDED
The small combination square shown in figure 2 is the only
tool (not provided) you will need for making adjustments and
alignment:
SMALL
COMBINATION
SQUARE
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
0˚
ON/OFF KNOB
MOTOR
LOCK OFF POST
TABLE LOCK LEVER

Page 9
45˚
30˚
15˚
This versatile variable speed scroll saw is great for making
toys, puzzles, games, artwork, and jewelry. It is a handy do-
it-yourself tool. It cuts wood, wood composition products,
plastic,andotherfibrousmaterialup to2inchesthick.Italso
cuts nonferrous metals (aluminum, brass, copper).
KNOW YOUR SCROLL SAW
Before attempting to use your saw, familiarize yourself with
all operating features and safety requirements of your scroll
saw. See Figures 3 and 4.
ON/OFF KNOB WITH VARIABLE SPEED
Your scroll saw has an easy access ON/OFF knob with
variable speed. Pull the knob out to turn ON the saw, and
pushtheknobintoturnOFFthesaw.Turntheknobtoadjust
the speed from the high speed of approximately 1550 SPM
(Strokes Per Minute) to the low speed of approximately 400
SPM.
LOCK OFF POST
PlaceapadlockinthelockoffpostnexttotheON/OFFknob
to lock the saw in the OFF position to prevent unauthorized
use of the saw by children or others.
BLADE HOLDERS
Blade holders retain and position the blades. Notches in
blade clamp have been designed to retain and position pin
type blades.
Convenient knobs, "T" handle wrench, and blade changing
rod are used for plain end blades.
BLADE TENSION KNOBS
Blade tension is controlled by a dual knob tension control
system. The inner (smaller) knob, tension adjusting knob, is
for making adjustments of the blade tension. The outer
(larger) knob, quick release knob, is used to quickly set and
release blade tension to facilitate blade changes.
HOLD DOWN FOOT/BLADE GUARD
The hold down foot should be adjusted to apply light pres-
sure to the top of the workpiece to prevent the workpiece
from lifting while cutting, but not so much that the workpiece
drags.Theverticalportionprovidesabladeguardtoprevent
accidental blade contact.
HOLD DOWN FOOT LOCK LEVER
Allows you to raise or lower the hold down foot/blade guard
and secure it at desired heights.
SAWDUST BLOWER
Keeps the line of cut on workpiece clean for more accurate
scroll cuts.
SAWDUST EXHAUST
Your saw has a sawdust exhaust that fits a small shop
vacuum hose.
Fig. 4
SAWDUST EXHAUST
FEATURES
QUICK
RELEASE KNOB
TENSION
ADJUSTING
KNOB
HOLD DOWN FOOT/
BLADE GUARD
SAW BLADE
AIR HOSE
SAW TABLE
HOLD DOWN
FOOT LOCK LEVER
SAWDUST
BLOWER TABLE LOCK / BEVEL
ADJUSTMENT LEVER
BEVEL SCALE
BLADE HOLDER
PLAIN END
BLADE KNOB

Page 10
FEATURES
SAW TABLE
Your scroll saw has an aluminum saw table that provides a
working surface to support your workpiece.
TABLE LOCK LEVER
Allows you to tilt the table and lock it at the desired angle up
to 45 degrees.
BEVEL SCALE
The bevel scale and indicator are located on the front of the
saw for easy viewing. They show the angle of the table.
ASSEMBLY
Your 16 in. scroll saw was fully assembled at the factory.
Before operating this tool, it is important to check all align-
ments and settings. Normal handling during shipment may
have changed settings.
WARNING:
To avoid serious personal injury from unexpected tool
movement, always securely mount scroll saw to a
workbench.
MOUNTING SCROLL SAW TO WORKBENCH
See Figure 5.
Ifthescroll saw istobe usedina permanent application,we
recommend that you secure it in a permanent location such
as a workbench. When mounting the saw to a workbench,
holesshould bedrilledthroughthesupportingsurfaceof the
workbench using dimensions illustrated.
■Each hole in the base of the saw should be bolted
securely using 5/16 in. diameter machine bolts, lock
washers, and hex nuts (not included). Bolts should be of
sufficient length to accommodate the saw base, lock
washers, hex nuts, and the thickness of the workbench.
■Locate and mark the holes where scroll saw is to be
mounted.
■Drill (3) 3/8 in. diameter holes through workbench.
■Place scroll saw on workbench aligning holes in the
base with holes drilled in the workbench.
■Insertallthree5/16in.boltsandtightensecurelywithlock
washers and hex nuts.
Note: All bolts should be inserted from the top. Install the
lock washers and hex nuts from the underside of the bench.
Supporting surface where scroll saw is mounted should be
examined carefully after mounting to insure that no move-
mentduringusecanresult.Ifanytippingorwalkingisnoted,
secure workbench or supporting surface before beginning
cutting operations.
Fig. 5
3/8 in.
dia. hole
12 in.
2-5/32 in.
17 in.
24 in.
6-13/16 in.
2 in.
5 in.