SEPTENTRIO PolaRx4 Series User manual

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PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual v2.0.0 1
PolaRx4
Product Family Hardware Manual
Version 2.0.0

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PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual v2.0.0 2
PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual
Version 2.0.0
March 04, 2015
© Copyright 2000-2015 Septentrio nv/sa. All rights reserved.
Septentrio Satellite Navigation
Greenhill Campus, Interleuvenlaan 15G
B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
http://www.septentrio.com
[e-mail]
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

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PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual v2.0.0 3
Table of contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS .........................................................................................................3
1POLARX4_PRO AND POLARX4TR_PRO .....................................................................6
1.1 Rear Panel Connectors.............................................................................................................. 6
1.1.1 MAIN (TNC)....................................................................................................................... 6
1.1.2 PPS OUT (BNC) ................................................................................................................. 7
1.1.3 REF IN (BNC)..................................................................................................................... 7
1.1.4 REF OUT (BNC)................................................................................................................. 7
1.1.5 PPS IN (BNC) – PolaRx4TR_PRO Only............................................................................ 8
1.2 Front Panel Connectors ...........................................................................................................11
1.2.1 COM1.................................................................................................................................11
1.2.2 COM2................................................................................................................................ 12
1.2.3 COM3-4/USB.................................................................................................................... 12
1.2.4 Ethernet ............................................................................................................................. 13
1.2.5 OUT................................................................................................................................... 13
1.2.6 IN....................................................................................................................................... 13
1.2.7 ................................................................................................................................... 13
1.2.8 PWR .................................................................................................................................. 14
1.3 Log Button ............................................................................................................................... 14
1.4 Power Button ........................................................................................................................... 14
1.5 LEDs ......................................................................................................................................... 14
1.6 Cables ....................................................................................................................................... 15
1.7 Internal Logging on SD Memory Card ................................................................................. 16
1.8 Stand-By Mode ........................................................................................................................ 16
1.9 Applicable Software Package ................................................................................................. 16
1.10 Pseudorange Inter-Frequency Biases .................................................................................... 17
1.11 Hardware Specifications ......................................................................................................... 18
2POWER FAILOVER......................................................................................................19
2.1 Connectors ............................................................................................................................... 20
2.1.1 MAINS – ADAPTER........................................................................................................ 20
2.1.2 BATTERY ......................................................................................................................... 20
2.1.3 CHARGER........................................................................................................................ 20
2.1.4 RECEIVER ....................................................................................................................... 20
2.2 Cables ....................................................................................................................................... 21
2.3 Hardware Specifications ......................................................................................................... 21

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PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual v2.0.0 4
CE NOTICE
PolaRx4 receivers carry the CE mark and are as such compliant with the 2004/108/EC - EMC Directive
and amendments, 2006/95/EC - Low Voltage Directive, both amended by the CE-marking directive
93/68/EC.
With regards to EMC, these devices are declared as class B, suitable for residential or business
environment.
ROHS/WEEE NOTICE
PolaRx4 receivers comply with European Union (EU) Directive 2002/95/EC on the
restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment
(RoHS Directive).
PolaRx4 receivers comply with the European Union (EU) Directive 2002/96/EC on waste
electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The purpose of this Directive is the prevention
of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), and in addition, the reuse, recycling and
other forms of recovery of such wastes so as to reduce the disposal of waste. If purchased in
the European Union, please return the receiver at the end of its life to the supplier from which
it was purchased.

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PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual v2.0.0 5
SAFETY INFORMATION
Statement 0000/WARNING: IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
This warning symbol means danger and indicates that you are in a situation that may result in body injury and physical damage.
Before you work on any equipment, be aware of the hazards involved with electrical circuitry and familiarize yourself with
standard practices for preventing accidents. Use the statement number provided at the beginning of each warning to locate its
translation in the translated safety warnings that accompanied this device.
Statement 0001/WARNING: The power supply provided by Septentrio (if any) should not be replaced by another. If
you are using the receiver with your own power supply, it must have a double isolated construction and must match the
specifications of the provided power supply.
Statement 0003/WARNING: Ultimate disposal of this product should be handled according to all national laws and
regulations.
Statement 0005/WARNING: The equipment and all the accessories included with the product may only be used
according to the specifications in the delivered release note, in the manual and in all other documents delivered with the receiver.
Statement 0007/WARNING: Never place the equipment in direct sunlight.
Statement 0008/WARNING: The outside of the instrument may be cleaned using a clean, lightly dampened cloth. Do
not use any cleaning liquids containing alcohol, methylated spirit, ammonia etc.

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PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual v2.0.0 6
1PolaRx4_PRO and PolaRx4TR_PRO
1.1 Rear Panel Connectors
The rear panel features the following connectors (PPS IN only available on PolaRx4TR_PRO).
1.1.1 MAIN (TNC)
Connect an active GNSS antenna to this connector. The gain at the connector (antenna gain minus cable
losses) must be in the range 15 to 50dB.
By default, the receiver provides a 5V DC supply on the MAIN connector to feed the antenna. Other
voltages can be imposed through pin ANT_EXT of the IN connector on the front panel (see section
1.2.6). The maximum supported current is 200mA.

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PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual v2.0.0 7
Never inject a DC voltage into the MAIN connector as it may damage the receiver. When using a splitter
to distribute the antenna signal to several receivers, make sure that no more than one output of the splitter
passes DC. Use DC-blocks otherwise.
1.1.2 PPS OUT (BNC)
xPPS output (5V, output impedance 50Ohms). The rate and polarity of the xPPS output signal are
specified by the setPPSParameters command (see the Command Line Interface Reference Guide).
The pulse duration is 1.2ms.
1.1.3 REF IN (BNC)
Use this connector to provide the receiver with an external 10-MHz frequency reference, to be used
instead of the internal oscillator. The reference signal must be sinusoidal with a peak-to-peak amplitude
(unloaded) ranging from 0.5V to 2V (-8dBm to +4dBm in a 50load).
Connecting or disconnecting the external 10-MHz reference is preferably done with the receiver
switched off. If the 10-MHz reference is connected or removed during operation, the receiver will reset.
If you are not using an external frequency reference, it is recommended to connect the supplied 50
terminator to the REF IN connector.
1.1.4 REF OUT (BNC)
This connector provides a 10-MHz output signal synchronized with the frequency reference used by the
receiver. It is a sinusoidal signal with unloaded peak-to-peak amplitude of 1.1V, and output impedance
of 50Ohms.
If a 10-MHz reference is fed to the REF IN connector, REF OUT simply duplicates REF IN, which
allows to chain receivers using the same clock reference.
If REF IN is not used, the 10-MHz signal at the REF OUT connector is taken from the internal receiver
clock. It is a VTCXO disciplined to GNSS time so that REF OUT provides a stable reference frequency.
The Allan standard deviation of the clock at the REF OUT connector when REF IN is not used is shown
below.

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PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual v2.0.0 8
It takes a few minutes after start up to lock the clock to GNSS time. The REFOUT_LOCKED bit of the
RxState field in the ReceiverStatus SBF block indicates when lock is achieved.
1.1.5 PPS IN (BNC) –PolaRx4TR_PRO Only
This connector is only available on PolaRx4TR_PRO. It is a time synchronization input (input level
3.3V CMOS with 10k pull down resistor, 5V tolerant, VIH>2.3V, VIL<1V), to be connected to a one
pulse-per-second external reference.
Use this input to synchronize the internal receiver time to an external time source. For proper operation,
the PPS IN input should be used in combination with the REF IN input. REF IN provides the receiver
with a precise external frequency reference, and PPS IN provides a precise time reference. It is important
that the PPS input signal and the 10-MHz reference be generated from the same external clock and that
the PPS input signal be synchronized with UTC (offset with UTC smaller than 0.5 milliseconds). It is
also necessary that REF IN and PPS IN be present from the start-up of the receiver. Plugging in a PPS
input signal when the receiver is already operating will lead to erroneous measurements.
The receiver synchronizes its measurement latching with the first low-to-high transition it detects on the
PPS IN connector. There is no user command to enter. Once this initial time synchronization is done,
the signal on the PPS IN connector is ignored: the receiver simply integrates its frequency reference to
keep track of the time. If the PPS input signal originates from the same clock as the 10-MHz reference
signal, the receiver time will stay in sync with the external clock time.
The delay between a low-to-high transition on the PPS input connector and the latching of the
measurements in the receiver depends on the setup, and in particular on the phase relationship between
the 10-MHz frequency reference and the PPS input signal at the REF IN and PPS IN connectors. It can
take a value from 130.3 to 150.3 ns (+/-2 ns), as shown in the figure below.
100101102103
10-12
10-11
10-10
10-9
[seconds]
sigmay()
PolaRx4 REF OUTAllan standard deviation

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PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual v2.0.0 9
A way to measure the delay between the PPS input pulse and the measurement latching is to use an
oscilloscope (or a time interval counter) connected as shown below. For this measurement, it is not
needed to connect an antenna to the PolaRx4TR. For easier interpretation of the results, cables C1 and
C2 should have the same length.
Before measuring the delay, the PolaRx4TR has to be configured to synchronize its PPS OUT signal
with the measurement latching epoch. This is done by setting the TimeScale argument of the
setPPSParameters command to “RxClock”. You can do this using RxControl (go to the
Navigation > Receiver Operation > Timing menu):
010 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
130
135
140
145
150
Delay from PPS IN to measurement latching [ns]
Delay from REF IN zero-crossing to PPS IN (from A to B in the drawing) [ns]

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PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual v2.0.0 10
When the PPS OUT signal is configured, the PPS-IN-to-measurement-latching delay is the delay
between the leading edges of the pulses on the input 1 and input 2 ports of the oscilloscope. The
oscilloscope trigger level should be set to 1V.
To avoid possible 20-ns jumps when power-cycling the receiver, the transition zones (gray bars in the
figure on the previous page) should be avoided. So, if the measured PPS-IN-to-measurement-latching
delay is within 2ns of the upper (150.3ns) or lower (130.3ns) limits, it is recommended to replace either
the C3 or the C4 cable by a cable of another length. A change of 1 meter in the length of the C3 or C4
cable changes the PPS-IN-to-measurement-latching delay by about 5 ns.

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PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual v2.0.0 11
1.2 Front Panel Connectors
The front panel features 8 ODU connectors, which are described in the following sections. These
connectors are all of type ODU MINI SNAP Series F. The pinout of the female connectors and the ODU
part number of the corresponding male connectors is shown below.
3 pins
4 pins
5 pins
7 pins
S40F1C-P03MJG0-50CP S40F1C-T04MFD0-50CP S40F1C-P05MFD0-50CP S40F1C-T07MCD0-50CP
1.2.1 COM1
This 7-pin connector provides access to the first serial port (COM1).
Pin #
Description
1
Not connected
2
Signal ground (GND)
3
Not connected
4
Not connected
5
Receive Data (RXD – input to the receiver )
6
Transmit Data (TXD – output from the receiver)
7
Not connected
The receiver behaves as Data Terminal Equipment (DTE).
Log button
Power button
POWER LED
LANLINK LED
TRACK LED
GP LED
PVT LED
LOG LED

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PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual v2.0.0 12
1.2.2 COM2
This 7-pin connector provides access to the second serial port (COM2).
Pin #
Description
1
+5V DC output
2
Signal ground (GND)
3
Clear To Send (CTS – input)
4
Request To Send (RTS – output)
5
Receive Data (RXD – input)
6
Transmit Data (TXD – output)
7
Not connected
The receiver behaves as Data Terminal Equipment (DTE).
Pin#1 provides a 5V DC voltage, e.g. to allow feeding a Bluetooth™ device.
1.2.3 COM3-4/USB
This 7-pin connector can be configured in two modes:
COM3 and COM4 mode
USB mode
The electrical level at pin#7 defines the operating mode.
1.2.3.1 COM3-4 mode
This mode is selected by leaving pin#7 unconnected.
1.2.3.2 USB mode
This mode is selected by applying 5V DC to pin#7.
Pin #
Description
1
Not connected
2
GND
3
COM4 RX
4
COM4 TX
5
COM3 RX
6
COM3 TX
7
Leave unconnected
Pin #
Description
1
Not connected
2
GND
3
USB D-
4
Reserved
5
USB D+
6
Reserved
7
USB Vbus

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PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual v2.0.0 13
1.2.4 Ethernet
Pin #
Description
1
TxD+
2
TxD-
3
RxD+
4
RxD-
1.2.5 OUT
Pin #
Description
1
Reserved
2
GND
3
GP1 output, 3.3V. Use the command setGPIOFunctionality to set the level
of this pin.
4
GP2 output, 3.3V. Use the command setGPIOFunctionality to set the level
of this pin.
5
nRST_OUT. Open-collector output, driven low when the receiver is resetting.
1.2.6 IN
Pin #
Description
1
Reserved, leave unconnected.
2
GND
3
Reserved, leave unconnected.
4
nRST_IN. Driving this pin low resets the receiver. Internally pulled-up.
Debouncing and deglitching is foreseen.
5
EVENTA, 3.3V CMOS, 5V tolerant, 100k pull down resistor. This is the first
digital input for external event timing. Polarity is controlled by the
setEventParameters command.
6
EVENTB, 3.3V CMOS, 5V tolerant, 100k pull down resistor. This is the second
digital input for external event timing. Polarity is controlled by the
setEventParameters command.
7
ANT_EXT, external antenna power. Can be used to apply an external supply
voltage to the antenna. The voltage applied to ANT_EXT (VANT) determines the
voltage source on the MAIN connector, as follows:
if VANT<2.0V or ANT_EXT left open, the antenna is powered by the internal
5V supply;
if 3.0V<VANT<4.0V, there is no power provided to the MAIN connector;
if 5.0V<VANT<12.0V, the antenna power supply is taken from ANT_EXT.
Warning:
Exceeding 12.0V for VANT, or drawing more than 200mA from the antenna
connector can permanently damage the receiver.
1.2.7
Pin #
Description
1
Reserved
2
Reserved
3
Reserved

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PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual v2.0.0 14
4
Reserved
5
Reserved
1.2.8 PWR
If you are using a different power adaptor than the one provided by Septentrio, make sure that it can
sustain a current of 1.5A.
1.3 Log Button
The log button toggles internal logging on and off. See the “HowTo…” section of the Firmware User
Manual for details.
1.4 Power Button
The power button retains its state through a power outage. If the receiver is on when the power is cut
off, it will automatically restart when the power comes back. If it is off, it will remain off after the power
comes back.
1.5 LEDs
LED Name
LED Behaviour
POWERLED
LED lights when the receiver is switched on.
LANLINKLED
LED blinks when sending or receiving data over Ethernet.
LOGLED
LED lights when data is being written to the internal SD memory card.
PVTLED
LED lights when a PVT solution is available.
GPLED
General-purpose LED. The function of this LED is configured with the
setLEDMode command. By default, this LED has the DIFFCORLED
function (see below).
DIFFCORLED
Differential correction indicator. In rover PVT mode, this LED reports the
number of satellites for which differential corrections have been provided in the
last received differential correction message (RTCM or CMR).
LED behaviour
Number of satellites with corrections
LED is off
No differential correction message received
blinks fast and
continuously (10 times per
second)
0
blinks once, then pauses
1, 2
blinks twice, then pauses
3, 4
blinks 3 times, then
pauses
5, 6
blinks 4 times, then
pauses
7, 8
blinks 5 times, then
pauses
9 or more
The LED is solid ’ON’ when the receiver is outputting differential corrections
as a static base station.
Pin #
Description
1
Power: 9 to 30V DC
2
ON/OFF. When this pin is tied to pin#1, the receiver is always on, regardless of
the state of the on/off button.
3
GND

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PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual v2.0.0 15
TRACKLED
LED behaviour
Number of satellites in tracking
blinks fast and
continuously (10 times per
second)
0
blinks once, then pauses
1, 2
blinks twice, then pauses
3, 4
blinks 3 times, then
pauses
5, 6
blinks 4 times, then
pauses
7, 8
blinks 5 times, then
pauses
9 or more
1.6 Cables
Cable Name: CBLe_COM_1,8 Part #: 200416
COM1/COM2 to PC (DSUB9-female). To be connected to either the COM1 or COM2 connector. Note
that RTS/CTS lines are only available when connected to COM2.
Cable Name: CBLe_COM_DUO_7 Part #: 201204
Dual COM3 and COM4 to PC (DSUB9-female). To be connected to the COM3-4/USB connector. Note
that RTS/CTS is not supported on these ports.
Cable Name: CBLe_GPO_OE_5 Part #: 201203
Open-ended cable to be used with the OUT connector (see pinout in section 1.2.5).
Pin#
Function
Wire Color
1
Reserved
Blue
2
GND
Blue/Black
3
GP1 output
Orange
4
GP2 output
Green
5
nRST_OUT
Brown
Cable Name: CBLe_GPI_OE Part #: 200419
Open-ended cable to be used with the IN connector (see pinout in section 1.2.6).
Pin#
Function
Wire Color
1
Reserved
Orange
2
GND
Green
3
Reserved
Yellow
4
nRST_IN
Black
5
EVENTA
Red
6
EVENTB
Purple
7
ANT_EXT
Brown
Do not leave the red and purple wires floating. Tie them to ground if not used. This is to avoid crosstalk
effects that could lead to spurious level transitions on the EventA and EventB inputs.

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PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual v2.0.0 16
Cable Name: CBLe_USB Part #: 201202
USB cable to be connected to the COM3-4/USB connector.
Cable Name: CBLe_ETH_MS Part #: 200418
Ethernet to hub/switch (straight) (RJ45). To be connected to the ETH connector.
Cable Name: CBLe_ETH_MX Part #: 200417
Ethernet to PC (crossed) (RJ45). To be connected to the ETH connector.
Cable Name: CBLe_PWR_OE Part #: 200422
Open-ended cable for the PWR connector (see pinout in section 1.2.8).
Pin#
Function
Wire Color
1
Power
Blue and green (these two wires are both connected to Pin#1)
2
ON/OFF
Red
3
GND
Black and Purple (these two wires are both connected to Pin#3)
1.7 Internal Logging on SD Memory Card
The receiver incorporates a SD memory card for internal logging. Refer to the “How-to…” section of
the Firmware User Manual to learn how to use this feature.
To prevent data corruption, logging is protected against accidental power outages. There is no need to
unmount the SD memory card before switching off the receiver.
1.8 Stand-By Mode
The receiver can be put in stand-by mode by entering the command “exePowerMode, StandBy”
(see Command Line Interface Reference Guide).
Waking up from stand-by mode is done by sending characters to the COM1 serial port.
For remotely-operated receivers, make sure that COM1 is remotely accessible before putting the receiver
in stand-by mode.
1.9 Applicable Software Package
PolaRx4_PRO and PolaRx4TR_PRO are compatible with Septentrio’s SSRC4 Software Packages.

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PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual v2.0.0 17
1.10 Pseudorange Inter-Frequency Biases
The figures below show the nominal receiver pseudorange inter-frequency biases (IFB) as a function of
the carrier frequency. The bias at the L1/E1 carrier frequency (1575.42MHz) is taken as a reference and
is therefore arbitrarily set to 0. The red dots mark the frequency of common GNSS carriers. The figures
only account for the receiver IFBs, and do not include any biases in the antenna or splitter.
1550 1560 1570 1580 1590 1600 1610
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
B1
L1/E1 (reference)
GLO-L1
Pseudorange IFB relative to L1/E1
Frequency [MHz]
Inter-frequency bias [m]
1170 1180 1190 1200 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
L5/E5a
AltBOC
L3
E5b/B2
GPS-L2
GLO-L2
Pseudorange IFB relative to L1/E1
Frequency [MHz]
Inter-frequency bias [m]

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PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual v2.0.0 18
A positive value of the IFB at frequency F means that the pseudorange at that frequency will be larger
than the pseudorange at L1/E1, even in the absence of any ionospheric divergence or satellite bias. For
example, the second graph shows that the receiver introduces about 2.4m bias in the GPS L5
pseudoranges compared to the GPS L1 pseudoranges.
The graphs are provided for illustrative purpose only. They give an indication of the order of magnitude
of the biases to be expected for PolaRx4 receivers, and of the shape of the bias-versus-frequency curve.
The exact bias values are slightly different for each receiver unit and depend on many parameters next
to the frequency (signal modulation, temperature, aging, impedance matching with antenna,…).
However, some general properties will be true in all cases:
The largest IFBs are found at the L5 and the GLONASS frequencies, with typical values of a few
meters.
For GLONASS, the IFBs increase with the GLONASS frequency number. A difference of 1.5 to 3
meters between the lowest and the highest frequency number is typical.
1.11 Hardware Specifications
Power consumption: 6 W (operating)
0.9 W (stand-by, see section 1.8)
Size: 234 x 140 x 37 mm (length including the connectors)
Temperature Range: -40 to +60 °C (operational)
-55 to +85 °C (storage)
Ingress Protection: IP65
Shock: MIL-STD-810F, 516.5
Vibration: MIL-STD-810F, 514.5

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PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual v2.0.0 19
2Power Failover
The optional power failover is a power source switch which automatically switches over to a 12-V
battery backup supply during outages of the main power supply.
The typical setup is depicted below.
In normal operation, the receiver is powered from the power supply connected to MAINS – ADAPTER.
When the voltage at that connector drops below 10.8V, the receiver is powered from the battery instead.
A charger is permanently connected to the CHARGER input to charge the battery when the battery is
not used to power the receiver.
Power adapter
12V Battery
Battery charger

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PolaRx4 Product Family Hardware Manual v2.0.0 20
2.1 Connectors
The four connectors are all of type ODU MINI SNAP Series F, 3 pins. The ODU part number of the
corresponding male connectors is S40F1C-P03MJG0-50CP. The pinout of the female connector is
shown below:
2.1.1 MAINS –ADAPTER
The voltage provided to the MAINS – ADAPTER connector must not exceed 12V.
2.1.2 BATTERY
2.1.3 CHARGER
To avoid damaging the battery, only use a charger made for your particular battery type.
2.1.4 RECEIVER
Pin
#
Description
1
To be connected to the main power supply: 12 V DC.
2
Internally connected to pin#2 of the RECEIVER connector.
3
GND
Pin #
Description
1
To be connected to the “+” terminal of the battery.
2
Power source indicator: DC level is 0V when power at the RECEIVER connector is
drawn from battery, and 12V when drawn from mains.
3
To be connected to the “-” terminal of the battery.
Pin #
Description
1
To be connected to the “+” terminal of the battery charger.
2
NC
3
To be connected to the “-” terminal of the battery charger.
Pin
#
Description
1
12V DC power output
2
Internally connected to pin#2 of the MAINS - ADAPTER connector.
3
GND