Sharp EL-556G User manual

SCIENTIFIC
CALCULATOR
WISSENSCHAFTLICHER
RECHNER.
CALCULATRICE
SCIENTIFIQUE
CALCULADORA
CIENTIFICA
CALCOLATRICE
SCIENTIFICA
VETENSKAPLIG
RAKNARE
Wfelelae MODELL
re.
Wet
EL-556G
MODELLO
MODELL
OPERATION
MANUAL
BEDIENUNGSANLEITUNG
MODE
D’EMPLOI
MANUAL
DE
MANEJO
MANUALE
DI
ISTRUZIONI
BRUKSANVISNING
ENGIN
igo
cece
cyeld
Baebes
iene
CALCULATION
EXAMPLES
..
199
DEUTSCH:
ic3
oc
Lee
Papa
ctrtet
32
RECHNUNGSBEISPIELE
....
199
PRANGAIS
6
cock
dos
dtiees
wo.
ea
ides
67
EXEMPLES
DE
CALCUL
....
199
ES
PANG
rites
Pai
af
casemate,
tees
102
EJEMPLOS
DE
CALCULO
...
199
ITALIANO

ENGLISH
CONTENTS
Page
INFRODUC TION 65.20 deh ye oh deb wee cid eee 2
HOW TO PROCEED IF ABNORMAL
CONDITIONS OCCUR .................... 3
POU Ase Ate, Sad ion Ste teh, hn ahs Goan a a). Bars: 3
BEFORE USING THE CALCULATOR ........ 4
INFEIAG SE WOR: cote doc aciaan aid nce ee bare 6
SCIENTIFIC CALCULATIONS .............. 9
Arithmetic Operations ................... 9
Constant Calculations ................... 9
PUMCHONS 25% eS archi hus nde GM aca een te duane cee 9
Random Numbers .................004. 10
Angular Unit Conversions ............... 10
Memory Calculations ................... 10
Fraction Calculations ................... 12
Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal
Operations ...... 0... 0... 12
Time, Decimal and Sexagesimal
Calculations ...........0......00... 14
Coordinate Conversions ................ 14
Calculations Using Physical Constants ....15
Metric Conversions .................0.0. 16
MOGIIY
FUACHOM:
occ:0
8
haath
oe
ieee
a
ee
17
|
COMPLEX NUMBER CALCULATIONS ...... 18
SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS
WITH
THREE
UNKNOWNS
.............
19
STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS ............ 21
ERROR AND CALCULATION RANGES...... 25
SCIENTIFIC AND CALCULATOR
RUNG
HONS
254%
evah
a:
cuca
saree
rate
bohated
27
BATTERY
REPLACEMENT
................
29
SPECIFICATIONS 2 65:5, 40S sven mata Bee ee 30
CALCULATION
EXAMPLES
..............
199
= =

INTRODUCTION
Thank
you
for
purchasing
the
SHARP
Scientific
Cal-
culator
Model
EL-556G.
This
manual
will
introduce
you
to
the
EL-556G.
Please
keep
this
manual
for
future
reference.
Operational
Notes
To
ensure
trouble-free
operation,
please
observe
the
following
points:
1.
Do
not
carry
the
calculator
in
the
back
pocket
of
slacks
or
trousers.
2.
Do
not
subject
the
calculator
to
extreme
tem-
peratures.
.
Do
not
drop
it
or
apply
excessive
force.
.
Clean
only
with
a
soft,
dry
cloth.
.
Do
not
leave
the
batteries
in
the
calculator
if
the
calculator
is
not
to
be
used
for
an
extended
period.
Otherwise,
the
calculator
may
be
damaged
by
battery
leakage.
HOW
TO
PROCEED
IF
ABNORMAL
CONDITIONS
OCCUR
|
If
this
calculator
is
exposed
to
a
powerful
external
electric
field
or
shock
during
use,
a
rare
condition
may
occur
in
which
all
the
keys,
including
©¥/c}
,
do
not
function.
In
this
case,
press
the
RESET
switch
on
the
back
of
the
calculator.
Note
that
the
memory
contents
will
be
completely
cleared
when
this
opera-
tion
is
performed.
#
Press
the
RESET
switch
only
in
the
following
cases:
e
After
replacing
the
batteries
e
To
clear
all
memory
contents
e
When
an
abnormal
condition
occurs
and
all
keys
are
inoperative.
O1 & CG

lf
service
should
be
required
on
this
calculator,
use
only
a
SHARP
servicing
dealer,
SHARP
approved
service
facility,
or
SHARP
repair
service
where
available.
DISPLAY
a
roy re 2ndF nae DEG , GRAD 0 FIXSCIENG M «Symbol
Function Mantissa Exponent
Display
(During actual use not all symbols are displayed at
the same time.)
This calculator normally displays only the mantissa
if the value displayed is within the range
+0.000000001 ~ [phone]. Otherwise the dis-
play changes to scientific notation. The display
mode can be changed according to the purpose of
the calculation.
Calculation instructions and symbols are displayed
in the function display.
M : Indicates that a numerical value is stored
in the independent memory.
2ndF :Appears in the display when is
pressed, indicating that the functions
shown in yellow are enabled.
HYP : Indicates that has been pressed
and the hyperbolic functions are enabled.
If (2ndF) are pressed, the symbols
“2ndF HYP” appear, indicating that inverse
hyperbolic functions are enabled.

DEG RAD GRAD:
Indicate the angular unit.
FIX SCI ENG:
Indicate the notation used to display a
value.
A : Indicates the operation mode.
ALPHA:
Indicates
that
entry
and
recall
of
memory
contents,
and
recall
of
statistics
can
be
performed.
xy
r@_
:
Indicates
the
mode
of
expression
of
results
in
complex
calculation
mode.
i
:
Indicates
an
imaginary
number
is
being
displayed
in
the
complex
calculation
mode.
BEFORE
USING
THE
CALCULATOR
This
calculator
performs
calculations
using
D.A.L.
(Direct
Algebraic
Logic).
The
D.A.L.
entry
system
enables
the
easy
entry
of
calculations
as
they
appear,
e.g.,
sin
30
+
cos
45
is
simply
entered
as
(sin)
30
[+
)}
(cos)
45
[=).
Calculations
may
be
performed
in
an
easy
to
un-
derstand
manner
from
the
simplest
to
the
most
com-
plex
equations.
When
using
this
calculator
for
the
first
time,
press
the
RESET
switch
on
the
back
to
initialize
the
cal-
culator.
Key Notation Used in this Manual
In this manual, key operations are described as
follows:
ae Lin | Specifies In.
Un) ++ (ndF) (@*) Specifies e.
ae
=
Specifies
the
number
“E”
in
the hexadecimal system.
© LX | Used for memory calculations.
[Exp] —+ (Exp) Specifies Exp.
+ (@ndF) (7c) Specifies zm.
sates

As
shown
above,
for
the
key
notation
of
a
second
function,
only
the
key’s
second
function
is
indicated
following
and
not
the
function
or
number
printed
on
the
key
itself.
Numbers
are
not
indicated
as
keys,
but
as
ordinary
numbers.
Power On and Off
Press
to
turn
the
calculator
on,
and
OFF)
to turn it off.
Clearing Methods
There
are
three
clearing
methods
as
follows:
(ON/C]
-
Clears
all
values
in
the
calculator.
(Excluding
coefficients
of
simul-
taneous
linear
equation
with
three
unknowns,
statistical
data
and
the
memory
contents
in
the
normal
mode.)
When
entering
a
numerical
value,
clears
only
the
value
on
the
display.
To
clear
all
values
including
function
and
calculation
instructions,
Nc
must
be
pressed
twice.
QndF})
(CA)
:
Clears
the
values
in
the
calculator,
excluding
the
independent
memory
contents
in
the
normal
mode.
>]
-
Clears
the
rightmost
digit
of
an
entered
numerical
value.
Priority
Levels
in
Calculation
This
calculator
performs
operations
according
to
the
following
priority:
1.
m,
memory
recall
2.2
3.
Functions
preceded
by
their
argument
(%,
x7,
x*,
nl,
etc.)
Le
eas
5.
Implied
multiplication
of
a
memory
value
(2A,
etc.)
se

6. Function followed by their argument (sin, cos,
etc.)
7. Implied multiplication of a function (2sin30, etc.)
8. nCr, nPr
9. X, +
10. +, -
11. AND
12. OR, XOR, XNOR
13. =, M+, M-, = M, »D, >R, >G, ~BIN, ~OCT,
—HEX, -DEC, x’, y’, DATA, CD, -r@, xy and
other calculation ending instruction
e lf parentheses are used, parenthesized calcula-
tions have precedence over any other calcula-
tions.
Pending Operations —
Operations according to the established priority
levels or those using parentheses that cannot be
performed immediately must be set aside temporari-
ly (pending operations). This calculator can hold up
to 16 calculation instructions and up to 6(*) numeric
values.
*
6 values in normal mode, 4 values in complex
number mode, 1 value in 3-VLE mode, and 4
values in statistics mode.
e During two-variable regression calculation using
a, b and c, only one calculation instruction can
be held.
INITIAL SETUP
Mode
Selection
.
This
calculator
can
operate
in
any
of
the
four
opera-
tion
modes
described
below.
To
select
the
mode,
press
(MODE)
and
then
the
number
key
corresponding
to the
desired
mode.
(oO)
Normal
mode:
Used to perform arithmetic operations and
206

functions.
The
pointer
“A”
appears
below
“O:NORMAL”.
(1)
Complex
number
mode:
Used
to
perform
arithmetic
operations
with
complex
numbers.
The
pointer
“A”
ap-
pears
below
“1:CPLX”.
Ce) 3-VLE mode:
Used
to
solve
for
the
solution
of
simul-
taneous
linear
equations
with
three
un-
knowns.
The
pointer
“A”
appears
below
“2:3-VLE”.
Statistics mode:
Used
to
perform
statistical
calculations.
The
pointer
“&”
appears
below
“3:STAT”.
Selection
of
the
Display
Notation
This
calculator
has
the
following
four
display
nota-
tion
systems
for
the
display
values.
FiXed
decimal
point
system:
.
A
value
is
displayed
with
the
number
of
decimal
places
specified.
The
FIX
indicator
appears.
SClentific
notation
system:
A
value
is
displayed
using
scientific
notation.
The
SCI
indicator
appears.
The
mantissa
of
the
value
is
displayed
with
the
number
of
decimal
places
specified.
ENGineering
notation
system:
A
value
is
displayed
using
scientific
notation.
The
ENG
indicator
appears.
The
mantissa
of
the
value
is
displayed
with
the
number
of
decimal
places
specified
and
the
exponent
is
set
to
a
multiple
of
3
for
display.
Floating point system:
A
value
is
displayed
without
regard
for
the
number
of
decimal
places
specified.
None
of
mh ees

the
FIX,
SCI,
and
ENG
indicators
appears.
Scientific
notation
is
used
if
the
value
is
not
in
the
range
0.000000001
<!xI<
9999999999.
The
display
notation
is
changed
by
pressing
{@ndF
while
the
result
of
a
calculation
is
in
the
display
or
after
the
values
in
the
calculator
have
been
cleared
with
%7c
.
Each
time
{ndFl
FSE)
are
pressed,
the
display
mode
changes
in
the
sequence
FIX
—
SCI
>
ENG
—=
Floating
point
system
>
FIX...
Determination
of
the
Number
of
Decimal
Places
When
the
FIX,
SCI,
or
ENG
indicator
is
displayed,
the
number
of
decimal
places
can
be
set
to
any
value
between
0
and
9.
After
setting
the
number
of
decimal
places,
the
display
value
will
be
rounded
to
the
corresponding
number
of
digits
and
displayed.
To
specify
the
number
of
decimal
places,
first
press
@ndF)
TAB)
when
a
calculation
result
is
displayed
or
after
clearing
the
values
in
the
calculator
with
.
Then
press
the
appropriate
number
key
to
specify
the
number
of
decimal
places.
Determination
of
the
Angular
Unit
In
this
calculator,
the
following
three
angular
units
can
be
specified.
Degrees
(°):
The
DEG
indicator
appears.
Radians
(rad):
The
RAD
indicator
appears.
Grads
(g):
The
GRAD
indicator
appears.
To
specify
the
angular
unit,
press
Re]
.
Each
time
DRG)
are
pressed,
the
angular
unit
changes
in
the
sequence
DEG
—
RAD
-+
GRAD
->
DEG...

Note: For the examples given in subsequent ex-
planations, make sure that none of the fol-
lowing symbols or guidance are displayed
unless otherwise specified.
A, FIX, SCI, ENG: Pages 6, 7
BIN, OCT, HEX: Page 12
SCIENTIFIC CALCULATIONS
e If the FIX, SCI, or ENG indicator is displayed,
clear the indicator by pressing (FSE]. (See
page 8)
Arithmetic Operations (— page 199)
Constant Calculations (— page 200)
Arithmetic operations using constants can be per-
formed by following the procedure below:
4) Enter the constant value.
(2) Specify the operator (+, -, x, +).
@) Specify the constants position by pressing
(+) . (The constant’s position can be changed
by pressing (—) again.)
(4) Enter the input value and press (“= .
e The “x” and “?” symbols in the display indicate
the constant value and the input value, respec-
tively.
e Functions such as y* and nCr which require two
numeric values cannot be used for the input
value.
e To quit constant calculations, press (Nc) .
Functions (— page 201) 7
Before performing function calculations be sure to
press [N/c) .
e Before starting calculations, specify the angular
unit. (See page 8)

e Chain calculations
(The result of the last calculation is used as the
first operand.)
Random Numbers
A pseudo-random number with three significant
digits can be generated by pressing [RANOOM
when the calculator is in the normal and statistics *
modes (“except quadratic regression).
e Random numbers use memory Y. Each random
number is generated on the basis of the value
stored in memory Y (pseudo-random number
series).
e To generate a new series of pseudo-random
numbers,
press
8%
(STO)
_Y_
to
clear
the
memory Y.
Angular Unit Conversions (— page 203)
The angular unit can be changed in the following
sequence: degrees — radians — grads — degrees
Memory Calculations (— page 204)
This calculator has one independent memory (M),
one last answer memory, and six temporary
memories (A~D,X,Y).
Independent memory (M)
M
memory
is
available
in
the
normal
and
com-
plex number modes.
Me:
Clears the independent memory and then
stores the displayed value in the inde-
pendent memory.
RCL) M_ or (ndF) (ALPHA) M [=] :
Recalls the value in the independent
memory.
Adds the displayed value to the value
stored in the independent memory.
SAG

(M=] :
Subtracts the displayed value from the
value stored in the independent memory.
e Independent memory is cleared by press-
ing O _M_ to store 0 in the inde-
pendent memory.
Temporary memories (A through D, X, Y)
A~D, X, and Y memories are available in the
normal mode.
STO) -A:~.Di,(X.,.Y)}:
Stores the displayed value in the specified
temporary memory (A ~ D, X, Y).
(RCL) A ~ D> _X_ _Y_| or (@ndF} (ALPHA)
pA ID Ek ees
Recalls the value stored in the memory
corresponding to the alphabetic key
pressed.
e Temporary memory contents are cleared
when the mode is changed or the value 0
is stored.
Last answer memory
The last answer memory is available in the
normal and statistics" modes (“except quad-
ratic regression calculation). —
The calculation result obtained by pressing
= Jor any other calculation ending instruction
is automatically stored in the last answer
memory.
|ANS)
Recalls the contents of the last answer
memory.
e Last answer memory is cleared when the
mode Is changed.
Note:
Calculation results from the functions indicated
below are automatically stored in memories X or Y.
For this reason, when using these functions, be
ae

careful
with
the
use
of
memories
X
and
Y.
e
Random
numbers
............
Y
memory
©
TD)
OY
wie
lbeccevavdnsasdwens
X
memory,
Y
memory
Fraction
Calculations
(—
page
206)
(a%'
:
Used
to
enter
a
fraction
or
to
convert
a
fraction
to
a
decimal
number.
id/c)
Used
to
convert
a
mixed
number
to
an
im-
proper
fraction
and
vice
versa.
e
A
decimal
number
or
exponent
cannot
be
entered
as
a
fraction.
e
Up
to
six
digits
for
the
numerator
and
up
to
three
digits
for
the
denominator
can
be
entered.
e
Inthe
case
of
mixed
numbers,
up
to
three
digits
for
each
part
(integer,
numerator,
and
denominator)
can
be
entered.
e
Including
the
numerator,
denominator,
and
symbol
(T),
up
to
a
total
of
10
digits
can
be
entered.
e
Ifthe
absolute
value
of
a
number
falls
out-
Side
the
range
1/999~998999/999
or
if
the
number
of
digits
to
be
displayed
is
greater
than
10,
the
number
is
converted
to
and
displayed
as
a
decimal
number.
Binary,
Octal,
Decimal,
and
Hexadecimal
Opera-
tions
(—
page
206)
This
calculator
can
perform
conversions
between
numbers
expressed
in
binary,
octal,
decimal
and
hexadecimal
systems.
Likewise,
it
can
perform
the
four
basic
arithmetic
operations,
calculations
with
parentheses
and
memory
calculations
using
binary,
octal,
decimal,
and
hexadecimal
numbers.
In
addi-
tion,
the
calculator
can
carry
out
logical
operations
AND,
OR,
NOT,
XOR,
and
XNOR
on
binary,
octal
B4O-=

and hexadecimal numbers.
Conversion to each system is performed by the
following keys:
2ndF) {+BIN} : Converts to the binary system. “BIN”
appears.
2ndF} (-oct] : Converts to the octal system. “OCT”
appears.
ndF) (Hex) : Converts to the hexadecimal system.
“HEX” appears.
2ndF} [*bec| : Converts to the decimal system.
“BIN”, “OCT”, and “HEX” disappears
from the display.
Conversion is performed on the displayed value
when these keys are pressed. |
Note: In this calculator, the hexadecimal numbers
A
A~F are entered by pressing (y*) ,
B Cc D E F
iv_!} , (x2) , Gog) , (in), and [nCr} and
displayed as follows:
A> Hi GS 7 Esp
Bo rf Dog Fo}
in the binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems, frac-
tional parts cannot be entered. When a decimal
number having a fractional part is converted into a
binary, octal, or hexadecimal number, the fractional
part will be truncated. Likewise, when the result of
a binary, octal, or hexadecimal caiculation includes
a fractional part, the fractional part will be truncated.
In the binary, octal, and hexadecimal systems,
negative numbers are displayed as a complement.
2 ee

Time, Decimal and Sexagesimal Calcula-
tions (— page 208)
_ Conversion between decimal and sexagesimal
numbers can be performed. In addition, the four
basic arithmetic operations and memory calcula-
tions can be carried out using the sexagesimal sys-
tem.
(These
operations,
except
the
memory
calculations
and
calculations
using
parentheses,
are also available in the statistical mode.)
Coordinate Conversions (— page 209)
Coordinate conversion can be performed in the nor-
mal mode.
e
Before
performing
a
calculation
select
the
an-
gular
unit.
(See
page
8)
+re)
:
Converts
rectangular
coordinates
(x,
y)
to
polar
coordinates
(7,
6).
i@ndF)
*xy)
:
Converts
polar
coordinates
(7,
8)
to
rectangular
coordinates
(x,
y).
Rectangular Polar
coordinates coordinates
[@ndF)
9
':
Used
to
enter
the
y
value
for
rectan-
gular coordinates or the 6 value for
polar coordinates.
(++)
:
Switches
between
the
x
and
y
or
r
and
@
coordinates.
e
The
calculation
result
is
automatically
stored
in
memories
X
and
Y.
eae ee

Calculations
Using
Physical
Constants
(— page 209)
With
this
calculator,
the
physical
constants
given
below
can
be
recalled
and
used
in
calculations.
e
Aconstant
is
recalled
by
pressing
followed
by
the
number
of
the
physical
constant.
The
recalled
constant
appears
in
the
display
mode
selected
with
the
designated
number
of
decimal
places.
Physical
constants
can
be
recalled
in
the
normal
mode
(when
not
set
to
binary,
octal
or
hexadecimal),
3-VLE
mode,
or
statistics
mode.
Note:
Physical
constants
are
based
on
the
1986
values
released
by
CODATA
(Committee
on
Data
for
Science
and
Technology)
of
the
ICSU
(International
Council
of
Scientific
t
{
Unions).
Constant
Speed of light in vacuum
| Gravitational constant
Gravitational acceleration
Electron mass
Proton mass
Neutron mass
Muon rest mass
Atomic mass unit
Electron charge
Planck constant
Boltzmann constant
Magnetic permeability
Dielectric permittivity
Classical electron radius
Fine structure constant
Bohr radius
Rydberg constant
Symbol| _ Unit
~~
> OPP FP er oar OU
a 79 oo Of F
YQ

| No. | Constant
Fluxoid quantum
Bohr magneton
Electron magnetic moment
Nuclear magneton
Proton magnetic moment
Neutron magnetic moment
Muon magnetic moment
Compton wavelength of the
electron
Compton wavelength of the
proton
Avogadro’s constant
m
Stefan-Boltzmann constant Wem -*K +
mol ~'
Ideal gas volume at STP memol™
Gas constant Jemol'*K
Faraday constant | Cemol”!
| Quantum hole resistance
Metric Conversions (— page 210)
Q
Recall
conversion
constants
by
pressing
[2ndF)
conv)
and entering the number of the constant.
e Unit conversions can only be performed in the
normal mode when not set to binary,
hexadecimal.
2416S
01 in > cm in : inch
02 cm — in cm : centimeter
03 ft—m ft : foot
m — ft |m_: meter
05 yd>m yd : yard
06 m— yd m : meter
07 mi > km mi : mile
08 km — mi |km : kilometer
octal or

| No. | Conversion units
nmile > m n mile : nautical mile
m—nmile m : meter
acre : acre
m* : square meter
oz : ounce
g—0z g : gram
lb + kg lb : pound
kg - |b kg : kilogram
°F + °C _|°F : Degree Fahrenheit
°C > °F °C : Degree Celsius
gal(US) — Q gal(US) : gallon(US)
gal(UK) — Q gal(UK): gallon(UK)
Q — gal(UK) Q: liter
fl oz(US) — mQ | fl oz(US): fluid ounce(US)
mQ > fl oz(US) mQ: milliliter
fl oz(UK): fluid ounce(UK}
|mQ: milliliter
> Joule
: calorie
: horsepower
: kilowatt
: French horsepower
: kilowatt
e Conversions are based on ISO specifications.
Modify Function (— page 210)
In this calculator, all calculation results are internally
obtained in scientific notation with an accuracy of
up to 12 digits for the mantissa. However, since
calculation results are displayed in the form desig-
nated by the display notation and the number of
rr by ee

decimal places indicated, the internal calculation
result may differ from that shown in the display. By
using the modify function, the internal value is con-
verted to match that of the display, so that the dis-
played value can be used without change in
subsequent operations. This function is useful, for
example, when performing calculations in which the
significant digits of a number need to be taken into
account.
In general, the value in the display is not used for
calculation. Instead, the value stored internally is
used.
COMPLEX NUMBER CALCULATIONS
(> page 211)
To carry out addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
division using complex numbers, press (MODE) (_1 |
to select the complex number mode.
There are two modes of expression of the results
of complex number calculations.
@ Rectangular coordinate mode. (xy appears on
the display.)
@® Polar coordinate mode. (r8 appears on the dis-
play.)
Complex number entry
@ Rectangular coordinates
x-coordinate —+ y-coordinate i _
or
x-coordinate [+ _1 y-coordinate
@ Polar coordinates
r 2,0
r: absolute value
8: argument
218s

e Upon changing to another mode, the imaginary
portion of any complex number stored in the
independent memory (M) will be cleared.
e A complex number expressed in rectangular
coordinates with the y-value equal to zero, or
expressed in polar coordinates with the angle
equal to zero, is treated as a real number.
SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS
WITH THREE UNKNOWNS
(— page 212)
To solve simultaneous linear equations with three
unknowns, press to select the 3-VLE
mode.
Simultaneous Linear Equations with Three Un-
knowns
a2x + bey + coz = de
| ax + by +z =d1
asx + bsy + c3z = ds
In matrix notation, the system of equations becomes
aibic1 | [ x ] dy
a2bece2 y = d2
a3b3C3 Z J d3
aybic, |, , ss ch
If D = aobece | , Its determinant is given by
a3b3C3
a4 b; Ci
a2bece
a3b3C3
IDI =
The value of the determinant D is given by:
D = a1(becs—bsc2) — b1(a2cs—asce2) + c1(a2bs—a3be)
a Oe