Siemens SINUMERIK 840DE Owner's manual

Programming Manual 10/2004 Edition
SINUMERIK 840D/840Di/810D
Fundamentals

Preface
Fundamental Geometrical
Principles
1
Fundamental Principles of
NC Programming
2
Positional Data
3
Programming Motion
Commands
4
Path Action
5
Frames
6
Feedrate Control and
Spindle Motion
7
Tool offsets
8
Special functions
9
Arithmetic Parameters and
Program Jumps
10
Subprograms and Repetition
of Program Sections
11
Tables
12
List of abbreviations
A
SINUMERIK 840D/840Di/810D
Fundamentals
Programming Manual
10.2004 Edition
6FC5 298-7AB00-0BP1
A
pplicable to
the following controls:
SINUMERIK 840D powerline
SINUMERIK 840DE powerline (export version)
SINUMERIK 840Di
SINUMERIK 840DiE (export version)
SINUMERIK 810D powerline
SINUMERIK 810DE powerline (export version)
software version
NC 7

Safety Guidelines
This manual contains notices you have to observe in order to ensure your personal safety, as well as to prevent
damage to property. The notices referring to your personal safety are highlighted in the manual by a safety alert
symbol, notices referring to property damage only have no safety alert symbol. These notices shown below are
graded according to the degree of danger.
Danger
indicates that death or severe personal injury will result if proper precautions are not taken.
Warning
indicates that death or severe personal injury may result if proper precautions are not taken.
Caution
with a safety alert symbol, indicates that minor personal injury can result if proper precautions are not taken.
Caution
without a safety alert symbol, indicates that property damage can result if proper precautions are not taken.
Notice
indicates that an unintended result or situation can occur if the corresponding information is not taken into
account.
If more than one degree of danger is present, the warning notice representing the highest degree of danger will
be used. A notice warning of injury to persons with a safety alert symbol may also include a warning relating to
property damage.
Qualified Personnel
The device/system may only be set up and used in conjunction with this documentation. Commissioning and
operation of a device/system may only be performed by qualified personnel. Within the context of the safety notes
in this documentation qualified persons are defined as persons who are authorized to commission, ground and
label devices, systems and circuits in accordance with established safety practices and standards.
Prescribed Usage
Note the following:
Warning
This device may only be used for the applications described in the catalog or the technical description and only in
connection with devices or components from other manufacturers which have been approved or recommended
by Siemens. Correct, reliable operation of the product requires proper transport, storage, positioning and
assembly as well as careful operation and maintenance.
Trademarks
All names identified by ® are registered trademarks of the Siemens AG. The remaining trademarks in this
publication may be trademarks whose use by third parties for their own purposes could violate the rights of the
owner.
Copyright Siemens AG . All rights reserved.
The distribution and duplication of this document or the utilization and transmission of its
contents are not permitted without express written permission. Offenders will be liable for
damages. All rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility
model or design, are reserved.
Disclaimer of Liability
We have reviewed the contents of this publication to ensure consistency with the
hardware and software described. Since variance cannot be precluded entirely, we cannot
guarantee full consistency. However, the information in this publication is reviewed
regularly and any necessary corrections are included in subsequent editions.
Siemens AG
Automation and Drives
Postfach 4848, 90327 Nuremberg, Germany
Siemens AG 2005
Technical data subject to change
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft 6FC5 298-7AB00-0BP1

Fundamentals
Programming Manual, 10.2004 Edition, 6FC5 298-7AB00-0BP1 iii
Preface
Structure of the documentation
The SINUMERIK documentation is organized in 3 parts:
• General documentation
• User documentation
• Manufacturer/service documentation
Audience
This document is designed for machine tool users. The document describes in detail all the
technical facts an operator needs to understand how to program the SINUMERIK
840D/810D control systems.
Standard scope
This Programming Guide describes the functionality afforded by standard functions.
Extensions or changes made by the machine tool manufacturer are documented by the
machine tool manufacturer.
Please contact your local Siemens office for more detailed information about other
SINUMERIK 840D/810D publications and publications that apply to all SINUMERIK controls
(e.g., universal interface, measuring cycles, etc.).
Other functions not described in this documentation might be executable in the control. This
does not, however, represent an obligation to supply such functions with a new control or
when servicing.
Validity
This Programming Guide applies to the following controls:
SINUMERIK 840D powerline 7
SINUMERIK 840DE powerline (export version) 7
SINUMERIK 840Di 3
SINUMERIK 840DiE (export version) 3
SINUMERIK 810D powerline 7
SINUMERIK 810DE powerline (export version)
with operator panels OP 010, OP 010C, OP 010S, OP 12,
or OP 15 (PCU 20 or PCU 50)
7

Preface
Fundamentals
iv Programming Manual, 10.2004 Edition, 6FC5 298-7AB00-0BP1
Export version
The following functions are not available in the export version:
Function 810DE 840DE
Five axis machining package − −
Handling transformation package (five axes) − −
Multi-axis interpolation (> four axes) − −
Helical interpolation 2D+6 − −
Synchronized actions, stage 2 − O1)
Measurements, stage 2 − O1)
Adaptive control − O1)
Continuous dressing − O1)
Utilization of compile cycles (OEM) − −
Sag compensation, multi-dimensional − O1)
− function not available
1) limited functionality
Hotline and Internet address
If you have any questions, please get in touch with our hotline:
A&D Technical Support
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Please send any queries about the documentation (suggestions or corrections) to the
following fax number or email address:
Fax: [phone]
E-mail: motioncontrol.[email protected]
Fax form: See the reply form at the end of the document.
Description
Fundamentals
This Programming Guide "Fundamentals" is intended for use by skilled machine operators
with the appropriate expertise in drilling, milling and turning operations. Simple programming
examples are used to explain the commands and statements, which are also defined
according to DIN 66025.
Job planning
The Programming Guide "Advanced" is intended for use by technicians with in-depth,
comprehensive programming knowledge. By virtue of a special programming language, the
SINUMERIK 840D/810D control enables the user to program complex workpiece programs
(e.g., for sculptured surfaces, channel coordination, etc.) and greatly facilitates the
programming of complicated operations.

Preface
Fundamentals
Programming Manual, 10.2004 Edition, 6FC5 298-7AB00-0BP1 v
The commands and statements described in this Guide are not specific to one particular
technology.
They could be used, for example, for the following:
• Grinding
• Cyclical machines (packaging, woodworking)
• Laser power controls

Fundamentals
Programming Manual, 10.2004 Edition, 6FC5 298-7AB00-0BP1 vii
Table of contents
Preface ......................................................................................................................................................iii
1 Fundamental Geometrical Principles ...................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 Description of workpiece points ................................................................................................. 1-1
1.1.1 Workpiece coordinate systems.................................................................................................. 1-1
1.1.2 Definition of workpiece positions................................................................................................ 1-2
1.1.3 Polar coordinates ....................................................................................................................... 1-5
1.1.4 Absolute dimensions.................................................................................................................. 1-5
1.1.5 Incremental dimension............................................................................................................... 1-7
1.1.6 Plane designations..................................................................................................................... 1-8
1.2 Position of zero points.............................................................................................................. 1-10
1.3 Position of coordinate systems ................................................................................................ 1-11
1.3.1 Overview of various coordinate systems ................................................................................. 1-11
1.3.2 Machine coordinate system ..................................................................................................... 1-12
1.3.3 Basic coordinate system .......................................................................................................... 1-15
1.3.4 Workpiece coordinate system.................................................................................................. 1-17
1.3.5 Frame system .......................................................................................................................... 1-18
1.3.6 Assignment of workpiece coordinate system to machine axes ............................................... 1-20
1.3.7 Current workpiece coordinate system ..................................................................................... 1-21
1.4 Axes ......................................................................................................................................... 1-22
1.4.1 Main axes/Geometry axes ....................................................................................................... 1-23
1.4.2 Special axes............................................................................................................................. 1-24
1.4.3 Main spindle, master spindle ................................................................................................... 1-24
1.4.4 Machine axes ........................................................................................................................... 1-24
1.4.5 Channel axes ........................................................................................................................... 1-25
1.4.6 Path axes ................................................................................................................................. 1-25
1.4.7 Positioning axes....................................................................................................................... 1-25
1.4.8 Synchronized axes................................................................................................................... 1-26
1.4.9 Command axes........................................................................................................................ 1-27
1.4.10 PLC axes.................................................................................................................................. 1-27
1.4.11 Link axes .................................................................................................................................. 1-27
1.4.12 Lead link axes .......................................................................................................................... 1-28
1.5 Coordinate systems and workpiece machining ....................................................................... 1-30
2 Fundamental Principles of NC Programming.......................................................................................... 2-1
2.1 Structure and contents of an NC program ................................................................................. 2-1
2.2 Language elements of the programming language ................................................................... 2-2
2.3 Programming a sample workpiece........................................................................................... 2-21
2.4 First programming example for milling application .................................................................. 2-22
2.5 Second programming example for milling application ............................................................. 2-23
2.6 Programming example for turning application ......................................................................... 2-26

Table of contents
Fundamentals
viii Programming Manual, 10.2004 Edition, 6FC5 298-7AB00-0BP1
3 Positional Data........................................................................................................................................ 3-1
3.1 General notes............................................................................................................................. 3-1
3.1.1 Program dimensions .................................................................................................................. 3-1
3.2 Absolute/relative dimensions ..................................................................................................... 3-2
3.2.1 Absolute dimension (G90, X=AC) .............................................................................................. 3-2
3.2.2 Incremental dimensions (G91, X=IC)......................................................................................... 3-6
3.3 Absolute dimension for rotary axes (DC, ACP, ACN).............................................................. 3-10
3.4 Dimensions inch/metric, (G70/G700, G71/G710) .................................................................... 3-12
3.5 Special turning functions .......................................................................................................... 3-15
3.5.1 Dimensions for radius, diameter, (DIAMON, DIAMOF, DIAM90) ............................................ 3-15
3.5.2 Position of workpiece ............................................................................................................... 3-17
3.6 Zero offset (frame), G54 to G57, G505 to G599, G53, G500/SUPA ....................................... 3-19
3.7 Selection of working plane (G17 to G19) ................................................................................. 3-25
3.8 Working area limitation (G25/G26, WALIMON, WALIMOF) .................................................... 3-28
3.9 Reference point approach (G74) ............................................................................................. 3-32
4 Programming Motion Commands ........................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1 General notes............................................................................................................................. 4-1
4.2 Travel commands with polar coordinates, polar angle, polar radius ......................................... 4-4
4.2.1 Defining the pole (G110, G111, G112) ...................................................................................... 4-4
4.2.2 Traversing commands with polar coordinates, (G0, G1, G2, G3 AP=..., RP=...) ...................... 4-5
4.3 Rapid traverse movement (G0, RTLION, RTLIOF) ................................................................... 4-9
4.4 Linear interpolation (G1) .......................................................................................................... 4-14
4.5 Circular interpolation types, (G2/G3, CIP, CT)......................................................................... 4-16
4.6 Circular interpolation with center point and end point (G2/G3, I=, J=, K=AC...) ...................... 4-20
4.7 Circular interpolation with radius and end point (G2/G3, CR).................................................. 4-24
4.8 Circular interpolation with arc angle and center point (G2/G3, AR=)....................................... 4-26
4.9 Circular interpolation with polar coordinates (G2/G3, AP=, RP=)............................................ 4-28
4.10 Circular interpolation with intermediate and end points (CIP).................................................. 4-30
4.11 Circular interpolation with tangential transition (CT) ................................................................ 4-32
4.12 Helical interpolation (G2/G3, TURN=)...................................................................................... 4-36
4.13 Involute interpolation (INVCW, INVCCW)................................................................................ 4-38
4.14 Contour definitions ................................................................................................................... 4-43
4.14.1 Straight line with angle (X2... ANG...) ...................................................................................... 4-43
4.14.2 Two straight lines (ANG1, X3... Z3... ANG2) ........................................................................... 4-44
4.14.3 Three straight lines (ANG1, X3... Z3... ANG2, X4... Z4...) ....................................................... 4-45
4.14.4 End point programming with angle .......................................................................................... 4-47
4.15 Thread cutting with constant lead (G33) .................................................................................. 4-47
4.15.1 Programmable run-in and run-out paths (DITS, DITE) ............................................................ 4-54
4.16 Linear progressive/degressive thread pitch change (G34, G35) ............................................. 4-56
4.17 Tapping without compensating chuck (G331, G332)............................................................... 4-57
4.18 Tapping with compensating chuck (G63)................................................................................. 4-59
4.19 Stop with thread cutting(LFOF, LFON, LFTXT, LFWP, LFPOS) ............................................. 4-61

Table of contents
Fundamentals
Programming Manual, 10.2004 Edition, 6FC5 298-7AB00-0BP1 ix
4.19.1 Retraction for thread cutting (LFOF, LFON, LIFTFAST, DILF, ALF) ....................................... 4-61
4.19.2 Lifting on retraction (LFTXT, LFWP, LFPOS, POLF, POLFMASK; POLFMLIN)..................... 4-63
4.20 Approaching a fixed point (G75) .............................................................................................. 4-66
4.21 Travel to fixed stop (FXS, FXST, FXSW) ................................................................................ 4-67
4.22 Chamfer, rounding (CHF, CHR, RND, RNDM, FRC, FRCM).................................................. 4-71
5 Path Action ............................................................................................................................................. 5-1
5.1 General notes............................................................................................................................. 5-1
5.1.1 Programming path travel behavior............................................................................................. 5-1
5.2 Exact stop (G60, G9, G601, G602, G603)................................................................................. 5-4
5.3 Continuous-path mode (G64, G641, G642, G643, G644)......................................................... 5-7
5.4 Acceleration behavior .............................................................................................................. 5-15
5.4.1 Acceleration response, BRISK, SOFT, DRIVE........................................................................ 5-15
5.4.2 Influence of acceleration on following axes (VELOLIMA, ACCLIMA, JERKLIMA).................. 5-17
5.4.3 Technology G groups (DYNNORM, DYNPOS, DYNROUGH, DYNSEMIFIN, DYNFISH)...... 5-19
5.5 Smoothing the path velocity..................................................................................................... 5-20
5.6 Traversing with feedforward control, FFWON, FFWOF........................................................... 5-21
5.7 Contour accuracy, CPRECON, CPRECOF ............................................................................. 5-22
5.8 Dwell time, G4.......................................................................................................................... 5-24
5.9 Internal preprocessor stop ....................................................................................................... 5-25
6 Frames .................................................................................................................................................. 6-1
6.1 General ...................................................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 Frame instructions ..................................................................................................................... 6-4
6.3 Programmable zero offset.......................................................................................................... 6-6
6.3.1 Zero offset (TRANS, ATRANS).................................................................................................. 6-6
6.3.2 Axial zero offset (G58, G59) .................................................................................................... 6-11
6.4 Programmable rotation (ROT, AROT, RPL) ............................................................................ 6-13
6.5 Programmable frame rotations with solid angles (ROTS, AROTS, CROTS) .......................... 6-24
6.6 Programmable scale factor (SCALE, ASCALE) ...................................................................... 6-25
6.7 Programmable mirroring (MIRROR, AMIRROR) ..................................................................... 6-29
6.8 Frame generation according to tool orientation (TOFRAME, TOROT, PAROT)..................... 6-34
6.9 Deselect frame (G53, G153, SUPA, G500) ............................................................................. 6-38
6.10 Deselect DRF (handwheel) offsets, overlaid motions and transformation (DRFOF, CORROF,
TRAFOOF)............................................................................................................................... 6-39
7 Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion ..................................................................................................... 7-1
7.1 Feedrate (G93, G94, G95 or F..., FGROUP, FGREF)............................................................... 7-1
7.2 Traversing positioning axes (POS, POSA, POSP, FA, WAITP, WAITMC) ............................... 7-9
7.3 Position-controlled spindle operation (SPCON, SPCOF) ........................................................ 7-11
7.4 Positioning spindles (position-controlled axis operation) (SPOS, M19 and SPOSA).............. 7-12
7.5 Milling on turned parts (TRANSMIT)........................................................................................ 7-19
7.6 Cylinder surface transformation (TRACYL) ............................................................................. 7-21

Table of contents
Fundamentals
x Programming Manual, 10.2004 Edition, 6FC5 298-7AB00-0BP1
7.7 Feedrate for positioning axes/spindles (FA, FPR, FPRAON, FPRAOF) ................................. 7-23
7.8 Percentage feedrate override (OVR, OVRA)........................................................................... 7-25
7.9 Feedrate with handwheel override (FD, FDA) ......................................................................... 7-26
7.10 Percentage acceleration override (ACC option) ...................................................................... 7-30
7.11 Feedrate optimization for curved path sections (CFTCP, CFC, CFIN).................................... 7-32
7.12 Spindle speed (S), direction of spindle rotation (M3, M4, M5)................................................. 7-34
7.13 Constant cutting rate (G96, G961, G97, G971, LIMS)............................................................. 7-37
7.14 Constant grinding wheel peripheral speed (GWPSON, GWPSOF)......................................... 7-41
7.15 Programmable spindle speed limitation (G25, G26)................................................................ 7-42
7.16 Multiple feedrate values in one block (F.., ST=.., SR=.., FMA.., STA=.., SRA=..)................... 7-43
7.17 Blockwise feed (FB...) .............................................................................................................. 7-45
8 Tool offsets ............................................................................................................................................. 8-1
8.1 General notes............................................................................................................................. 8-1
8.1.1 Tool offsets................................................................................................................................. 8-1
8.1.2 Tool offsets in the control's offset memory ................................................................................ 8-2
8.2 List of tool types ......................................................................................................................... 8-5
8.3 Tool selection/tool call T........................................................................................................... 8-12
8.3.1 Tool change with T commands (turning).................................................................................. 8-12
8.3.2 Tool change with M06 (mill) ..................................................................................................... 8-12
8.4 Tool offset D............................................................................................................................. 8-15
8.5 Tool selection T with tool management ................................................................................... 8-17
8.5.1 Turning machine with circular magazine (T selection)............................................................. 8-18
8.5.2 Milling machine with chain magazine (T selection).................................................................. 8-19
8.6 Tool offset call D with tool management .................................................................................. 8-20
8.6.1 Turning machine with circular magazine (D call) ..................................................................... 8-20
8.6.2 Milling machine with chain magazine (D call) .......................................................................... 8-21
8.7 Activating the active tool offset immediately ............................................................................ 8-22
8.8 Tool radius compensation (G40, G41, G42) ............................................................................ 8-23
8.9 Contour approach and retraction (NORM, KONT, KONTC, KONTT)...................................... 8-32
8.10 Compensation at the outside corners (G450, G451) ............................................................... 8-38
8.11 Smooth approach and retraction.............................................................................................. 8-42
8.11.1 Approach and retraction (G140 to G143, G147, G148, G247, G248, G347, G348, G340, G341)
................................................................................................................................................. 8-42
8.11.2 Approach and retraction with enhanced retraction strategies (G460, G461, G462)................ 8-54
8.12 Collision monitoring (CDON, CDOF, CDOF2) ......................................................................... 8-58
8.13 2 ½ D tool offset (CUT2D, CUT2DF) ....................................................................................... 8-61
8.14 Tool length compensation for orientable toolholders (TCARR, TCOABS, TCOFR)................ 8-63
8.15 Grinding-specific tool monitoring in parts programs (TMON, TMOF) ...................................... 8-66
8.16 Additive offsets......................................................................................................................... 8-68
8.16.1 Select offsets (via DL numbers)............................................................................................... 8-68
8.16.2 Specify wear and setup values ($TC_SCPxy[t,d], $TC_ECPxy[t,d]) ....................................... 8-69
8.16.3 Delete additive offsets (DELDL)............................................................................................... 8-70
8.17 Special handling of tool offsets ................................................................................................ 8-71

Table of contents
Fundamentals
Programming Manual, 10.2004 Edition, 6FC5 298-7AB00-0BP1 xi
8.17.1 Mirroring of tool lengths ........................................................................................................... 8-73
8.17.2 Wear sign evaluation ............................................................................................................... 8-74
8.17.3 Coordinate system of the active machining operation
(TOWSTD/TOWMCS/TOWWCS/TOWBCS/TOWTCS/TOWKCS) ......................................... 8-75
8.17.4 Tool length and plane change.................................................................................................. 8-78
8.18 Tools with a relevant cutting edge length ................................................................................ 8-79
9 Special functions..................................................................................................................................... 9-1
9.1 Auxiliary function outputs ........................................................................................................... 9-1
9.1.1 M functions................................................................................................................................. 9-5
9.1.2 H functions ................................................................................................................................. 9-7
10 Arithmetic Parameters and Program Jumps ......................................................................................... 10-1
10.1 Arithmetic parameter (R).......................................................................................................... 10-1
10.2 Unconditional program jumps .................................................................................................. 10-3
10.3 Conditional program jumps (IF, GOTOB, GOTOF, GOTO, GOTOC) ..................................... 10-5
11 Subprograms and Repetition of Program Sections ............................................................................... 11-1
11.1 Use of subprograms................................................................................................................. 11-1
11.2 Subprogram call....................................................................................................................... 11-4
11.3 Subprogram with program repetition ....................................................................................... 11-6
11.4 Program section repetition ....................................................................................................... 11-7
12 Tables................................................................................................................................................... 12-1
12.1 List of statements..................................................................................................................... 12-1
12.2 List of addresses.................................................................................................................... 12-22
12.3 List of G functions/preparatory functions ............................................................................... 12-30
12.4 List of predefined subprograms ............................................................................................. 12-44
12.4.1 Predefined subprogram calls ................................................................................................. 12-44
12.4.2 Predefined subprogram calls in motion-synchronous actions ............................................... 12-57
12.4.3 Predefined functions .............................................................................................................. 12-58
12.4.4 Data types.............................................................................................................................. 12-63
A List of abbreviations................................................................................................................................A-1
A.1 Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................A-1
Glossary .....................................................................................................................................Glossary-1
Index

Fundamentals
Programming Manual, 10.2004 Edition, 6FC5 298-7AB00-0BP1 1-1
Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1
1.1 Description of workpiece points
1.1.1 Workpiece coordinate systems
In order for the machine or control to operate with the specified positions, these data must be
entered in a reference system that corresponds to the direction of motion of the axis slides. A
coordinate system with the axes X, Y and Z is used for this purpose.
Milling:
;
;
<
<
=
=
r
r
r
:

Fundamental Geometrical Principles
1.1 Description of workpiece points
Fundamentals
1-2 Programming Manual, 10.2004 Edition, 6FC5 298-7AB00-0BP1
Turning:
=
=
;
;
<
r
r
r
:
<
DIN 66217 stipulates that machine tools must use right-handed, rectangular (Cartesian)
coordinate systems.
The workpiece zero (W) is the origin of the workpiece coordinate system. Sometimes it is
advisable or even necessary to work with negative positional data. Positions to the left of the
origin are prefixed by a negative sign (–).
1.1.2 Definition of workpiece positions
To specify a position, imagine that a ruler is placed along the coordinate axes. You can now
describe every point in the coordinate system by specifying the direction (X, Y and Z) and
three numerical values. The workpiece zero always has the coordinates X0, Y0, and Z0.
The infeed depth must also be described in milling operations.
One plane is sufficient to describe the contour on a lathe.
Workpiece positions in the working area
For the sake of simplicity, we will only use one plane of the coordinate system in this
example, i.e., the X/Y plane. Points P1 to P4 then have the following coordinates:

Fundamental Geometrical Principles
1.1 Description of workpiece points
Fundamentals
Programming Manual, 10.2004 Edition, 6FC5 298-7AB00-0BP1 1-3
;
;
<
<




3
3
3
3




P1 corresponds to X100 Y50
P2 corresponds to X-50 Y100
P3 corresponds to X-105 Y-115
P4 corresponds to X70 Y-75
=
;




3
3 3
3



The workpiece positions are required only in one plane for turning.
Points P1 to P4 are defined by the following coordinates:
P1 corresponds to X25 Z-7.5
P2 corresponds to X40 Z-15
P3 corresponds to X40 Z-25
P4 corresponds to X60 Z-35

Fundamental Geometrical Principles
1.1 Description of workpiece points
Fundamentals
1-4 Programming Manual, 10.2004 Edition, 6FC5 298-7AB00-0BP1
Example of turning positions
Points P1 and P2 are defined by the following coordinates:
;

3

<
;
3


3

3

3
=
P1 corresponds to X-20 Y-20 Z23
P2 corresponds to X13 Y-13 Z27
Example:Positions for milling
To state the infeed depth, we need to specify a numerical value for the third coordinate (Z in
this case).



3
3
3
3
 



3
3

<
=
<
;
Points P1 to P3 are defined by the following coordinates:
P1 corresponds to X10 Y45 Z-5
P2 corresponds to X30 Y60 Z-20
P3 corresponds to X45 Y20 Z-15

Fundamental Geometrical Principles
1.1 Description of workpiece points
Fundamentals
Programming Manual, 10.2004 Edition, 6FC5 298-7AB00-0BP1 1-5
1.1.3 Polar coordinates
The method used to date to specify points in the coordinate system is known as the
"Cartesian coordinate" method.
However, there is another way to specify coordinates, i.e., as so-called "polar coordinates".
The polar coordinate method is useful only if a workpiece or part of a workpiece has radius
and angle measurements. The point, on which the measurements are based, is called the
"pole".
Example of polar data
The points P1 and P2 can then be described, with reference to the pole, as follows:
;
<
3
3
¡
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3ROH
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P1 corresponds to radius =100 plus angle =30°
P2 corresponds to radius =60 plus angle =75°
1.1.4 Absolute dimensions
With absolute dimensions, all the positional data refer to the currently valid zero point.
Applied to tool movement this means:
the position, to which the tool is to travel.
Example of milling
The positional parameters for points P1 to P3 in absolute dimensions referring to the zero
point are the following:

Fundamental Geometrical Principles
1.1 Description of workpiece points
Fundamentals
1-6 Programming Manual, 10.2004 Edition, 6FC5 298-7AB00-0BP1
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P1 corresponds to X20 Y35
P2 corresponds to X50 Y60
P3 corresponds to X70 Y20
Example of turning
The positions for points P1 to P4 in absolute dimensions are as follows with reference to the
zero point:
=
;
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P1 corresponds to X25 Z-7.5
P2 corresponds to X40 Z-15
P3 corresponds to X40 Z-25
P4 corresponds to X60 Z-35