Silicon Laboratories Si114X User manual

Rev. 0.1 4/11 Copyright © 2011 by Silicon Laboratories Si114x-MFB
Si114x-MFB
Si114XMULTI-FUNCTION KIT USER’SGUIDE
1. Kit Contents
The Si114x Multi-Function Kit contains the following items:
Si114x Multi-Function Board
Si114x-MFB Quick Start Guide
2 USB Cables
2. Introduction
The Si114x-MFB is intended as an evaluation and development platform for the Si1143 infrared proximity and
ambient light sensor. The board has two sides which are separate systems that only share communications and
debug connections to the PC. The active side is chosen using the hardware switch S1, shown in Figure 1. When
the switch is in the upward position, the Top-Side is the active side while the Bottom-Side is active when S1 is in
the downward position. As shown on the left side of Figure 1, the main components of the top side of the Si114x
multi-function board (Si114x-MFB) are the Si1143 sensor (U4), the C8051F931 microcontroller (U1), and the
infrared emitters (DS2 through DS4). On this PCB, the infrared emitters used are OSRAM part number SFH 4056.
These emitters have a power rating of 40 mW and a half-angle of 22 degrees. As shown on the right side of
Figure 1, the main components of the bottom side of the Si114x-MFB are the Si1143 sensor (U6), the C8051F931
microcontroller (U5), and the infrared emitter DS5. This emitter is OSRAM part number SFH 4650 and has a power
rating of 45 mW and a half-angle of 15 degrees. Other emitters with different characteristics may also be used,
depending on the specific application requirements.
The example firmware for the top-side of the board is a thumb-scroll implementation that measures the infrared
light energy detected by the Si1143 while each of three infrared emitters are independently activated. The infrared
light from these emitters will be reflected back to the Si1143 by a thumb that is swiped in proximity to the sensor.
The firmware is able to detect different gestures using the infrared sensor, as described in Table 3 on page 10. The
nine LEDs DS8-DS16 will change state to indicate what gesture was recognized. The Si1143’s ambient light
sensor (ALS) is also monitored by the firmware. The example firmware is intended to be used in conjunction with
the QuickSenseTM Performance Analysis Tool to provide user feedback.
The example firmware on the bottom-side of the board is a long-range implementation that measures the infrared
light energy detected by the Si1143 while a single infrared emitter is activated. All three of the Si1143’s LED drivers
are connected to the one emitter to allow multiple drivers to activate the emitter at the same time in order to send
more current through the emitter than one driver can provide. Driving more current through the emitters can help
achieve longer ranges of detection because the infrared LEDs emit more light with more current. The default
firmware only uses one driver at the default pulse width to drive the LED. The five LEDs DS17-DS21 will change
state to indicate how much infrared light feedback is being measured. The Si1143’s ambient light sensor (ALS) is
also monitored by the firmware. The example firmware is intended to be used in conjunction with the
QuickSenseTM Performance Analysis Tool to provide user feedback.
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Figure 1. Si1143 Evaluation Board
DS1
F326
U3
SILICON LABS
www.silabs.com
F931
U1
U4
P1
P2
CP2103
U1
S1
DS9 DS10DS8
DS12 DS13DS11
DS15 DS16DS14
COMM
DEBUG
F931
U5
U6
DS19
DS18
DS20
DS17
DS21
DS5
Si114x RANGE DEMO
DS2
DS3DS4
TOP SIDE BOTTOM SIDE
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3. Software Overview
There are several optional software packages available to support the Si114x Multi-Function Kit. QuickSenseTM
Studio contains the Performance Analysis Tool, which can be used to collect data from the board over the USB
interface and display it graphically. The Silicon Labs Integrated Development Environment (IDE) provides a means
of developing code for the C8051F931 and uses the USB DEBUG connection on the board to program the MCU
and perform in-system debugging. For users wishing to modify the example code or download the latest version of
firmware into the board, the Si114x Multi-Function Kit installation package contains board-specific materials, such
as the latest version of the pre-built firmware .HEX image and the firmware example source code. All of the
supporting software can be downloaded from the web at the URL http://www.silabs.com/quicksense.
3.1. QuickSense Studio
The QuickSense Studio software facilitates rapid code development and analysis for applications using the Silicon
Labs family of QuickSense products. QuickSense Studio is comprised of multiple programs that guide users
through an intuitive development flow, including graphical configuration wizards, firmware templates, and
performance monitoring tools. These programs interface with the QuickSense Firmware API, a highly-configurable
open-source firmware library that provides support for many different applications, from simple buttons to complex
algorithms like gesture recognition. The main component of QuickSense Studio that is used by the Si114x Multi-
Function Kit is the Performance Analysis Tool, which is described in more detail in “4. Using the Si114x-MFB with
the Performance Analysis Tool” .
Figure 2. Silicon Labs QuickSense Studio Software
For detailed information on the QuickSense Studio software, see the QuickSense Studio User’s Guide available on
the Silicon Labs QuickSense webpage (http://www.silabs.com/quicksense) in the QuickSense Studio section.
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3.2. Silicon Laboratories IDE
The Silicon Laboratories IDE integrates a source-code editor, a source-level debugger, and an in-system flash
programmer. This tool can be used to develop and debug code for the C8051F931 MCUs which are included on
the Si114x Multi-Function Board. The use of several third-party compilers and assemblers is supported by the IDE.
3.2.1. IDE System Requirements
The Silicon Laboratories IDE requirements:
Pentium-class host PC running Microsoft Windows 2000 or newer.
Two available USB ports.
3.2.2. Third Party Toolsets
The Silicon Laboratories IDE has native support for many 8051 compilers. The full list of natively supported tools is
as follows:
Keil
IAR
Raisonance
Tasking
SDCC
3.2.3. Downloading the Example Firmware Image
The Si114x Multi-Function Board installer package includes the firmware source code as well as a pre-built .HEX
image that can be downloaded directly into the board. The firmware source code and an example IDE project is
located in the default path C:\SiLabs\MCU\QuickSense_Studio\Kits\Si114xMFB\Firmware\Top-Side\ for the top-
side thumb-scroll code or \Bottom-Side\ for the bottom-side ranged code. The pre-built .HEX images are located in
the default path C:\SiLabs\MCU\QuickSense_Studio\Kits\Si114xMFB\Firmware\Release\. Follow the instructions
below to update or refresh the .HEX image in the Si114x Multi-Function Board:
1. Connect the Si114x Multi-Function Board to the PC through both USB ports on the board. The connector
labeled COMM will provide power to the board while the connector labeled DEBUG will allow programming.
2. Launch the Silicon Labs IDE, and click on Options->Connection Options.
3. Select “USB Debug Adapter”, and then select the board from the list (it should show up as “TS” followed by a
serial number).
4. Select “C2” as the debug interface, and press “OK”.
5. Connect to the board by pressing the “Connect” icon or by using the keyboard shortcut, Alt+C.
6. Click on the “Download” icon, or use the keyboard shortcut Alt+D.
7. In the download dialog window, click “Browse”.
8. Change to Files of Type “Intel Hex (*.hex)” and then browse to select the file, Top-Side.hex or Bottom-Side.hex,
in the default path: C:\SiLabs\MCU\QuickSense_Studio\Kits\Si114xMFB\Firmware\Release\
9. Click “Open” then “Download”.
10.To run the new image, either press “Run” or “Disconnect” in the IDE.
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4. Using the Si114x-MFB with the Performance Analysis Tool
The Si114x Multi-Function Board is supported by the QuickSense Performance Analysis Tool. The Performance
Analysis Tool allows users to see real-time infrared proximity and ambient light measurements from the Si1143 in a
graphical form. The communications interface to the Si114x Multi-Function Board is provided over the USB
connection via the QuickSense Firmware API. For a more detailed description of the QuickSense Firmware API or
the Serial Interface, see “AN366: QuickSense™ Firmware API.”
To use the Performance Analysis Tool with the Si114x Multi-Function Board:
1. Connect the Si114x Multi-Function Board to the PC using a cable plugged into the COMM USB port.
2. Launch the Performance Analysis Tool from QuickSense Studio or from the Start menu.
3. Select the board from the “Devices” menu (typically either COM3 or COM4 depending on your system).
4. Select the channels you wish to display on the picture of the slider board that appears. The individual channels
available are described in “4.1. Channel Selection” .
5. Click the green “Acquisition” arrow to begin collecting data
Figure 3 shows an example of the Performance Analysis Tool output when connected to the Si114x Multi-Function
Board. To generate the graph, a thumb was moved above the thumb-scroll side of the board. The selected traces
shown are the raw data measurements for the amount of Infrared light being reflected onto the part. The pink trace
represents the proximity measurements from infrared emitter DS3; the green trace represents the measurements
from infrared emitter DS4, and the yellow trace represents the measurements from infrared emitter DS2.
Figure 3. Performance Analysis Tool Main Window
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4.1. Channel Selection
Selecting which channels to display is done by checking the appropriate boxes on the Board Representation
window, shown in Figure 4, and the Generic Data window, shown in Figure 5. There are two different groups of
measurements available from the example firmware: raw data channels and generic data channels.
4.1.1. Raw Data Channels
The raw data measurements can be seen by selecting the channels from the Board Representation window, shown
in Figure 4. The two types of raw data measurements are ambient light and infrared proximity.
1. Raw ambient light measurements. The ambient light channels are Channel 0 (red) and Channel 1(blue).
Channel 0 displays measurements of the ambient visible light while Channel 1 displays measurements of the
ambient infrared light.
2. Raw infrared proximity measurements. The infrared proximity channels are Channel 2 (pink) readings using
DS3, Channel 3 (green) readings using DS4, and Channel 4 (yellow) readings using DS2. Channels 3 and 4 will
not be available for the Bottom-Side since it is a single LED implementation. The output is proportional to the
amount of infrared light being reflected onto the part by an object above the board. These outputs are 16-bit
unsigned values.
Figure 4. Raw Data Channel Selection
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4.1.2. Generic Data Channels
The generic data channels contain any data generated by the host MCU. These 16-bit channels can be anything
from simple debug channels to calculated position values. See Table 1 or Table 2 for an explanation of all the
channels shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Generic Data Channel Selection
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Table 1. Generic Data Channels—Top-Side Thumb-Scroll Application
Name Label Type Description
G0 Mid 1
Midpoint Timestamps
The firmware records the timestamps for the entry and
exit times of your thumb across each LED. Then a mid-
point is calculated between these points, and the timing
between these midpoints is used to determine gestures.
G1 Mid 2
G2 Mid 3
G3 MdAvg Midpoint Average If all three midpoints are very close to the average of all
three, then a tap gesture is detected.
G4 N/A Unused channels The unused channels are not in use by software, but
they are available in firmware to use as needed.
G5 N/A
G6 iLED1
LED Drive Current Levels Each LED driver has a specific LED drive current setting
for it. These values are given in units of mA.
G7 iLED2
G8 iLED3
G9 VIS
AutoRanging Ambient Outputs
AutoRanging will automatically change the modes of the
photodiodes to avoid saturation. When changing modes,
the raw data output changes levels, but AutoRanging will
scale the raw data so that all measurements are on the
same scale. The output from this channel is the pro-
cessed value which can be used without knowledge of
the photodiode modes.
G10 IR
G11 PS1
AutoRanging PS Outputs
These channels are the AutoRanging PS output from
the device. Raw data measurements are processed by
the AutoRanging firmware to make all the readings
across different modes have the same magnitude. Since
the device switches modes to compensate for ambient
light, the raw data will show jumps when changing
modes. These outputs will not display the jumps
because the firmware is stitching the raw outputs
together.
G12 PS2
G13 PS3
G14 VIS s State of Ambient Visible System These channels help indicate what mode the sensor is in
during each of their respective measurements. The four
possible modes are as follows: Low Light, High Sensitiv-
ity, High Signal, and Sunlight. These modes are num-
bered from zero to three. For more information about
each mode, please consult the data sheet.
G15 IR st State of Ambient IR System
G16 PS st State of PS System
G17 PS1bl
PS Baseline Levels
AutoRanging uses baselining to determine the no-detect
threshold for readings. Any readings below the values
shown on these channels will be considered no-detect
readings. Any values higher than this baseline will be
shown in the AutoRanging PS Outputs above.
G18 PS2bl
G19 PS3bl
G20 N/A Unused by PAT These channels are reserved for use by the Si1140 Con-
trol Panel.
G21 N/A
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Table 2. Generic Data Channels—Bottom-Side Ranging Demo
Name Label Type Description
G0 Avg Average of PS1 The average of PS1 is more stable and allows for
smaller thresholds for long-range detection.
G1 Thr Detection Threshold A detect is triggered when the Avg exceeds the Thr.
G2 iLED1 LED Drive Current Level The LED driver has a specific LED drive current setting
for it. This value is given in units of mA.
G3 VIS
AutoRanging Ambient Outputs
AutoRanging will automatically change the modes of the
photodiodes to avoid saturation. When changing modes,
the raw data output changes levels, but AutoRanging
will scale the raw data so that all measurements are on
the same scale. The output from this channel is the pro-
cessed value which can be used without knowledge of
the photodiode modes.
G4 IR
G5 PS1 AutoRanging PS Output This channel is the AutoRanging PS output from the device. This output helps compensate for the affects of
high changes in ambient light levels.
G6 VISst State of Ambient Visible System These channels help indicate what mode the sensor is
in during each of their respective measurements. The
four possible modes are as follows: Low Light, High
Sensitivity, High Signal, and Sunlight. These modes are
numbered from zero to three. For more information
about each mode, please consult the data sheet.
G7 IRst State of Ambient IR System
G8 PSst State of PS System
G9 PS1bl PS Baseline Levels
AutoRanginguses baselining to determinethe no-detect
threshold for readings. Any readings below the values
shown on these channels will be considered no-detect
readings. Any values higher than this baseline will be
shown in the AutoRanging PS Outputs above. For this
Ranging application, this baseline algorithm is bypassed
to allow for the main Ranging algorithm to perform its
own form of baselining.
G10 BLVal Baseline Value
The Bottom-Side Ranging algorithm has its own baselin-
ing algorithm that baselines on the Avg (G0) channel.
This channel is the current value that the baseline is set
to.
G11 BLcnt Baseline Counter The baselining algorithm picks a rolling maximum value
from Avg (G0) and tests to see if that value can be used
as the new baseline. This is the Baseline Test Value. If
the Avg does not stray too far away from the BLtst value
for 40 samples in a row, this BLtst value will become the
new Baseline Value. The sample counter is on G11 as
the Baseline Counter value.
G12 BLtst Baseline Test Value
G13 N/A
Unused by PAT These channels are reserved for use by the Si1140 Con-
trol Panel.
G14 N/A
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4.2. Gesture Sensing
In addition to infrared and ambient light measurements, the example firmware for the top side contains algorithms
for gesture recognition. When connected to the board with the Performance Analysis Tool, a group window will
appear, as shown in Figure 6. When a gesture is recognized by firmware, the gesture name and parameter
information will be added to the top of the 3D Gesture group. Five gestures are supported by the example code.
The parameters for each gesture are listed in Table 3.
To use the thumb-scroll gestures with high accuracy, the user must be sure to swipe the thumb by starting outside
of the orange box on the overlay and swiping across the box and exiting the orange box on the opposite side. The
thumb should be lain flat such that the thumb creates the most surface area on the glass. For a Tap gesture, the
thumb should enter and exit as straight as possible along the axis which is normal to the surface of the overlay. If a
Tap is attempted and the thumb exits at an off-angle, the Tap might be identified as a swipe.
The speed of the swipe can be determined by the Duration value in the Group Window below. The user should be
weary that very fast swipes have a higher chance of being recognized incorrectly, and very slow swipes might not
be recognized as a gesture because the firmware caps the duration at 255 counts. Each count represents 1.6 ms.
Figure 6. Performance Analysis Tool Group Window
Table 3. Recognized Gestures
Gesture Name Parameter Parameter Range Description of Action
Swipe Left Duration 1 255 (Fast to Slow) Move thumb from the right edge to the left edge of the
orange square on the overlay.
Swipe Right Duration 1 255 (Fast to Slow) Move thumb from the left edge to the right edge of the
orange square on the overlay.
Swipe Up Duration 1 255 (Fast to Slow) Move thumb from the bottom edge to the top edge of
the orange square on the overlay.
Swipe Down Duration 1 255 (Fast to Slow) Move thumb from the top edge to the bottom edge of
the orange square on the overlay.
Tap Duration 1 255 (Fast to Slow) Move thumb from high above the overlay onto the
center of the orange square and retract.
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