Silicon Laboratories EFM8BB2-SLSTK2021A User manual

UG237: EFM8BB2-SLSTK2021A User's
Guide
The EFM8BB2-SLSTK2021A is an excellent starting point to get
familiar with the EFM8 Busy Bee microcontrollers.
The kit contains sensors and peripherals demonstrating some of the MCU's many capa-
bilities. The kit can also serve as a starting point for application development.
The kit includes the following:
KEY FEATURES
• EFM8BB22F16G MCU with 16 KB Flash
and 2 KB RAM.
• 20-pin expansion header.
• Power sources include USB and CR2032
battery.
• 2 user buttons, 1 tri-color LED.
• 8-direction joystick.
• Ultra low power 128x128 pixel Memory-
LCD.
• EFM8BB2 Busy Bee Starter Kit Board
• 1 x CR2032 battery
• Getting Started card
• 1 x mini USB cable
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1. Getting Started
Hardware
To set up the hardware for the EFM8BB2-SLSTK2021A kit:
1. Provide power to the board by connecting the USB connector to the PC using the provided USB cable.
2. Move the switch to the Advanced Energy Monitor (AEM) position.
Figure 1.1. Hardware Setup
Software
The first step to get started with your new EFM8BB2-SLSTK2021A is to go to
http://www.silabs.com/simplicity
The Simplicity Studio software package contains all the tools, drivers, software examples and documentation needed to use the
EFM8BB2 Starter Kit. The board comes pre-loaded with a default application, Space Invaders, to interact with while the software down-
loads.
After downloading the latest version of Simplicity Studio and installing:
1. Select the J-Link adapter for the kit under [Devices].
2. Click one of the demos available under [Getting Started]>[Demos] or click the [Getting Started]>[Demos]>[View All] to view the
entire list of available demos.
3. Click the [Rainbow Blinky] demo and click [Start] to download and run the demo.
Additional demos showcasing the various features of the EFM8 are also available in Simplicity Studio.
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Getting Started
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2. Kit Block Diagram
An overview of the EFM8BB2 Starter Kit is shown in the figure below.
ADC
Joystick
EFM8BB2
Microcontroller
POWER
Board
Controller
UART
Figure 2.1. EFM8BB2-SLSTK2021A Block Diagram
UG237: EFM8BB2-SLSTK2021A User's Guide
Kit Block Diagram
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3. Kit Hardware Layout
The layout of the EFM8BB2 Starter Kit is shown below.
Kit USB
Connector
CR2032
Battery Holder
Power Source Select
User Push
Buttons User LED
EFM8 Reset Button
EFM8BB2 MCU
Expansion
Header
Joystick
128x128 Pixel
Memory LCD
Direct
Debug Connector
Debug IN/OUT
Connector
Reference
Board Connector
Figure 3.1. EFM8BB2-SLSTK2021A Hardware Layout
The EFM8 device on the kit is connected to several peripherals. The table below shows all of the external connections to the MCU.
Table 3.1. Kit MCU Connections
MCU Port Pin Port Pin Assigned
Function
Primary Board Connec-
tion
Secondary Board Con-
nection
Expansion Port Con-
nection (EXP)
P0.0 GPIO EXP3
P0.1 GPIO DISP - SPI CS AGND
P0.2 Port Match Input Push Button 0 (PB0)
P0.3 Port Match Input Push Button 1 (PB1)
P0.4 UART0 TX BC - UART_TX
P0.5 UART0 RX BC - UART_RX
P0.6 SPI0 SCK DISP - SPI CLK1SPI CLK EXP8
P0.7 SPI0 MISO SPI MISO EXP6
P1.0 SPI0 MOSI DISP - SPI MOSI SPI MOSI EXP4
P1.1 SPI0 NSS SPI CS EXP10
P1.2 SMBus0 SDA I2C SDA BC - REFCLK EXP16
P1.3 SMBus0 SCL I2C SCL BC - 1 kHz SINE EXP15
P1.4 PCA0 CEX0 RGB LED0 EXP5
P1.5 PCA0 CEX1 RGB LED1 EXP7
P1.6 PCA0 CEX2 RGB LED2 EXP9
UG237: EFM8BB2-SLSTK2021A User's Guide
Kit Hardware Layout
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MCU Port Pin Port Pin Assigned
Function
Primary Board Connec-
tion
Secondary Board Con-
nection
Expansion Port Con-
nection (EXP)
P1.7 ADC / CMP Joystick
P2.0 GPIO BC - Enable
P2.1 UART1 TX UART1 TX EXP12
P2.2 UART1 RX UART1 RX EXP14
P2.3 GPIO DISP - Enable DISP - SPI CS (alt) EXP11
P3.0 / C2D C2D (for debug)
P3.1 GPIO EXP13
Note:
1. This signal has high loading. If the MCU pin is used for signals where edge speed is critical, this signal should be disconnected
from the pin.
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Kit Hardware Layout
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4. Power Supply and Reset
4.1 MCU Power Selection
The Busy Bee MCU on the EFM8BB2-SLSTK2021A is designed to be powered by three different sources:
• Through the on-board debugger.
• By a 3 V Battery.
• An externally supplied power source.
Selecting the power source is done with the slide switch in the lower left corner of the board. The figure shows how the different power
sources can be selected with the slide switch.
AEM
BAT
8
AEM
BAT
Figure 4.1. EFM8BB2-SLSTK2021A Power Switch
With the switch in the AEM position, an on-board low noise LDO with a fixed output voltage of 3.3 V is used to power the MCU. This
LDO is powered from the "J-Link" USB cable.
With the switch in the BAT position, the device may be powered from either a 20 mm coin cell battery (in the CR2032 socket) or an
external power supply (connected to the VMCU and GND pins on the expansion header).
4.2 MCU Reset
The EFM8 MCU can be reset by a few different sources:
• The RESET button.
• An external debugger by pulling the RSTb pin low.
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Power Supply and Reset
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5. Peripherals
The starter kit has a set of peripherals that showcase some of the features of the EFM8 Busy Bee microcontroller.
Be aware that most EFM8 I/O routed to peripherals are also routed to the breakout pads. This must be taken into consideration when
using the breakout pads for your application.
5.1 Push Buttons and LEDs
The kit has two user push buttons. They are connected to the EFM8, and are debounced by RC filters with a time constant of 1 ms. The
buttons are connected to pins P0.2 and P0.3.
In addition to the two push buttons, the kit also features a tri-color LED that is controlled by EFM8 GPIO. The LED is connected to pins
P1.4, P1.5, and P1.6 in an active-low configuration.
Figure 5.1. Buttons/LEDs
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Peripherals
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5.2 Joystick
The kit has an analog joystick with 8 measureable positions. This joystick is connected to the EFM8 on the P1.7 pin and uses different
resistor values to create voltages measurable by the ADC0.
Figure 5.2. Joystick
Table 5.1. Joystick Resistor Combinations
Direction Resistors Combinations (kΩ) Expected UIF_JOYSTICK Voltage (V)1
Center press 0.1
0.1 + 10
0.033
Up (N) 60.4
60.4 + 10
2.831
Up-Right (NE) (N// E)
(N// E) + 10 =21.34 21.34 + 10
2.247
Right (E) 33
33 + 10
2.533
Down-Right (SE) (S// E)
(S// E) + 10 =7.67 7.67 + 10
1.433
Down (S) 10
10 + 10
1.650
Down-Left (SW) (S// W)
(S// W) + 10 =6 6 + 10
1.238
Left (W) 15
15 + 10
1.980
Up-Left (NW) (N// W)
(N// W) + 10 =12.01 12.01 + 10
1.801
Note:
1. These calculated values assume a VMCU of 3.3 V.
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Peripherals
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5.3 Memory LCD-TFT Display
A 1.28-inch SHARP Memory LCD-TFT has been added to the board to enable interactive applications to be developed. The display has
a high resolution of 128 by 128 pixels and consumes very little power. It is a reflective monochrome display, so each pixel can only be
light or dark, and no backlight is needed in normal daylight conditions.
The display interface consists of an SPI-compatible serial interface and some extra control signals. Data are sent to the display one line
(128 bits) at a time.
The Memory LCD-TFT display is shared with the kit Board Controller, allowing the Board Controller application to display useful infor-
mation when the user application is not using the display. The EFM8 MCU always controls ownership of the display using the
EFM_DISP_ENABLE signal:
• 0: The Board Controller has control of the display.
• 1: The user application (EFM8) has control of the display.
Data are clocked in on EFM_DISP_MOSI (P1.0) when EFM_DISP_CS (P0.1) is high, and the clock is sent on EFM_DISP_SCLK
(P0.6). The maximum supported clock speed is 1 MHz.
Please refer to the display application information for details on driving the display:
http://www.sharpmemorylcd.com/1-28-inch-memory-lcd.html
0: BC controls display
1: EFM controls display
EFM_DISP_ENABLE
8
P0.6 (SPI0)
P1.0 (SPI0)
P0.1 (GPIO)
P2.3 (GPIO)
Figure 5.3. 128x128 Pixel Memory LCD
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Peripherals
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6. Connectors
6.1 Breakout Pads
Many of the EFM8's pins are routed out to "breakout pads" at the top and bottom edges of the kit. A 2.54 mm pitch pin header can be
soldered in for easy access to these pins. Most I/O pins are available, with the exception of pins used to drive the LCD.
Note: Some of the breakout pads are shared by on-board EFM peripherals. The schematic must be consulted to make sure that it is
acceptable to use a shared pin in your application.
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P0.4
P3.0
P3.1
P2.2
P2.1
P2.0
P1.7
P1.6
P1.5
P1.4
P2.3
VMCU
Figure 6.1. Breakout Pads and Expansion Header
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Connectors
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6.2 Expansion Header
On the right hand side of the board an angled 20-pin expansion header is provided to allow connection of peripherals or plugin boards.
The connecter contains a number of I/O pins that can be used with most of the Busy Bee's features. Additionally, the VMCU, 3V3 and
5V power rails are also exported.
The figure below shows the pin assignment of the expansion header. With the exception of a few pins, most of the expansion header's
pins are the same as those on the EFM32 Gecko or EFM32 Tiny Gecko starter kits.
Figure 6.2. Expansion Header
Some of the chip peripheral functions that are available on the expansion header are listed in the table below.
Table 6.1. Some Peripheral Functions Available on Expansion Header
Peripheral Peripheral pin MCU Pin EXP Header pin
number
UART1 UART1 TX P2.1 12
UART1 RX P2.2 14
SPI0 SPI0 SCK P0.6 8
SPI0 MISO P0.7 6
SPI0 MOSI P1.0 4
SPI0 CS P1.1 10
SMBus SMBus0 SDA P1.2 16
SMBus0 SCL P1.3 15
PCA0 PCA0 CEX0 P1.4 5
PCA0 CEX1 P1.5 7
PCA0 CEX2 P1.6 9
I2CSLAVE0 I2CSLAVE0 SDA P1.5 7
I2CSLAVE0 SCL P1.6 9
VREF VREF P0.0 3
ADC0 Input Any supported pin (see Reference Manual for more information) Multiple
CNVSTR P0.6 8
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Connectors
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Peripheral Peripheral pin MCU Pin EXP Header pin
number
Comparator 0 CMP0P Positive Input Any supported pin (see Reference Manual for more information) Multiple
CMP0N Negative In-
put
Any supported pin (see Reference Manual for more information) Multiple
Comparator 1 CMP1P Positive Input Any supported pin (see Reference Manual for more information) Multiple
CMP1N Negative In-
put
Any supported pin (see Reference Manual for more information) Multiple
Note: This table only sums up some of the alternate functions available on the expansion header. Consult the EFM8BB22F16G data
sheet for a complete list of alternate functions.
6.3 Debug Connector
This connector is used for Debug In and Debug Out (see chapter on Debugging).
Figure 6.3. Debug Connector
Table 6.2. Debug Connector Pinout
Pin num-
ber
Function Note
1 VTARGET Target voltage on the debugged application.
Note: This connection is required and is needed for the debug circuitry to match voltage levels
with the target device.
2 TMS/SWDIO/C2D JTAG TMS, Serial Wire data I/O, or EFM8 C2 data I/O
4 TCK/SWCLK/C2CK JTAG TCK, Serial Wire clock, or EFM8 C2 clock
6 TDO/SWO JTAG TDO or Serial Wire Output
8 TDI JTAG data in
9 ATTACH This signal must be pulled to ground by the external debugger or application for cable insertion
detection.
10 #RESET Target MCU reset.
12 TRACECLK Trace clock
14, 16,
18, 20
TRACED0-3 Trace data (4 lines)
11, 13 NC Not Connected
3, 5, 15,
17, 19
GND
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Connectors
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6.4 Direct Debug Connector
This connector (J103) is used for directly debugging the EFM8 using an external debug adapter (see chapter on Debugging). This is
especially useful for debugging the MCU on the STK board when the part is battery powered or powered by an external supply.
1
3
C2CK
C2D
Figure 6.4. Direct Debug Connector
Table 6.3. Direct Debug Connector Pinout
Pin number Function Note
1 C2CK EFM8 C2 clock
2 C2D EFM8 C2 data I/O
3 GND
6.5 Reference Board
The top-right corner of the board includes a 20-pin reference board connector. The connecter contains some I/O pins that can be used
with some of the EFM8 Busy Bee's features. Additionally, the 3V3 and 5V power rails are also exported.
The figure below shows the pin assignment of the reference board header.
Figure 6.5. Reference Board Header
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Connectors
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7. Integrated Development Environment
Figure 7.1. Simplicity Studio
Simplicity Studio includes various examples in source form to use with the Starter Kit. To run these examples:
1. Provide power to the board by connecting the DBG USB connector to the PC using the provided USB cable.
2. Move the switch to the AEM position.
3. Select the J-Link adapter for the kit under [Devices].
4. Click the [Getting Started]>[New Project] button.
5. In the wizard, ensure the EFM8BB2 Busy Bee Starter Kit Board kit and click [Next].
6. Select [Example] and click [Next].
7. Select the desired example or demo from the list and click [Next].
8. Click [Finish].
9. Click the [Debug] button in the IDE to build and download the code to the hardware.
10. Follow the instructions at the top of the main example file to set up the hardware as needed.
11. Click the [Resume] button to start running the example.
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Integrated Development Environment
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8. Advanced Energy Monitor
When the EFM8BB2 Starter Kit is connected to a Silicon Labs STK, the STK's Advanced Energy Monitor (AEM) hardware also meas-
ures the slstk2021a power consumption using the VMCU connection on the EXP header. By using the [Energy Profiler] in Simplicity
Studio, current consumption and voltage can be measured in real time.
More details about AEM and its operation can be found in the STK User Guide. Note that AEM will measure the current for all circuitry
connected to VMCU, including the STK MCU and the CPT device.
8
Figure 8.1. Measuring EFM8BB2-SLSTK2021A Current Using AEM
8.1 Usage
The AEM data is collected by the board controller and can be displayed by the energyAware Profiler, available through Simplicity Stu-
dio. By using the energyAware Profiler, current consumption and voltage can be measured in realtime.
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Advanced Energy Monitor
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8.2 AEM Theory of Operation
In order to be able to accurately measure current ranging from 0.1 µA to 50 mA (114 dB dynamic range), a current sense amplifier is
utilized together with a dual gain stage. The current sense amplifier measures the voltage drop over a small series resistor, and the
gain stage further amplifies this voltage with two different gain settings to obtain two current ranges. The transition between these two
ranges occurs around 250 µA. Digital filtering and averaging is done within the Board Controller before the samples are exported to the
Energy Profiler application.
During startup of the kit, an automatic calibration of the AEM is performed. This calibration compensates for the offset error in the sense
amplifiers.
8
Figure 8.2. Advanced Energy Monitor
8.3 AEM Accuracy and Performance
The AEM is capable of measuring currents in the range of 0.1 µA to 50 mA. For currents above 250 µA, the AEM is accurate within 0.1
mA. When measuring currents below 250 µA, the accuracy increases to 1 µA. Even though the absolute accuracy is 1 µA in the sub
250 µA range, the AEM is able to detect changes in the current consumption as small as 100 nA. The AEM produces 6250 current
samples per second.
Note: The current measurement will only be correct when powering the EFM8 from USB power through the debugger (power select
switch set to DBG or AEM).
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Advanced Energy Monitor
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9. Board Controller
The kit contains a board controller that is responsible for performing various board-level tasks, such as handling the debugger and the
Advanced Energy Monitor. An interface is provided between the EFM8 and the board controller in the form of a UART connection. The
connection is enabled by setting the EFM_BC_EN (P2.0) line high, and using the lines EFM_BC_TX (P0.4) and EFM_BC_RX (P0.5) for
communicating.
The BC enable signal connects the EFM8 to the board controller:
• 0: EFM8 UART pins are isolated from the Board Controller.
• 1: EFM8 UART pins are connected to the Board Controller (default upon reset).
Note: The board controller is only available when USB power is connected.
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Board Controller
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10. Debugging
The EFM8BB2-SLSTK2021A contains an integrated debugger, which can be used to download code and debug the Busy Bee EFM8
MCU. In addition to programming the MCU on the kit, the debugger can also be used to program and debug external Silicon Labs
EFM8 devices.
10.1 Debug Modes
Programming external devices is done by connecting to a target board through the provided Debug IN/OUT Connector, and by setting
the debug mode to [Out]. The same connector can also be used to connect an external debugger to the EFM8 MCU on the kit, by
setting the debug mode to [In]. A summary of the different supported debug modes is given in Table 10.1 Debug Modes on page 18.
Table 10.1. Debug Modes
Mode Description
Debug MCU In this mode the on-board debugger is connected to the EFM8 on the EFM8BB2-SLSTK2021A.
Debug In In this mode, the on-board debugger is disconnected, and an external debugger can be connected to debug the
EFM8 on the EFM8BB2-SLSTK2021A.
Debug Out In this mode, the on-board debugger can be used to debug an EFM8 mounted on a custom board.
Selecting the active debug mode is done with a drop-down menu in the Kit Manager tool, which is available through Simplicity Studio.
When using the debug adapter in the [Out] mode, the end device must be manually detected before debugging and programming. To
do this:
1. Right-click on the kit from the Simplicity Studio launch screen and select [Select Target Part...].
2. If needed, select the appropriate [Target Interface] for the external device. For example, EFM8 devices will use the [C2] selection.
3. In the same dialog, click the [Detect Target] button.
4. Click [OK] to close the dialog. The external target can now be debugged and programmed.
10.2 Debugging during Battery Operation
When the EFM8 is powered by battery and the J-Link USB is still connected, the on-board debug functionality is available. If the USB
power is disconnected, the Debug In mode will stop working.
To enable debugging when the USB cable is removed, connect an external debugger to the MCU Debug Header in the top right corner
of the EFM8BB2-SLSTK2021A instead of the Debug IN/OUT Connector. This header is connected directly to the EFM8's debug inter-
face. The pinout of this header is shown in the Connectors chapter.
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Debugging
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11. Upgrading the Kit
Upgrading the kit firmware is done through Simplicity Studio in the [Launcher] perspective. Simplicity Studio will automatically check for
new updates on startup. After selecting a kit in the left under [Devices], the area at the top of the Launcher page displays the current kit
version and Debug Mode. Use the links in this area to change the debug mode or upgrade the kit firmware.
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Upgrading the Kit
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12. Schematics, Assembly Drawings, and BOM
The schematics, assembly drawings and bill of materials (BOM) for the EFM8BB2 Starter Kit board are available through Simplicity
Studio when the kit documentation package has been installed.
12.1 Board Revision History
• A00 — Initial production revision.
• A01 — Updated PCB revision.
A00 Revision Boards
There are no known issues with the A00 boards.
A01 Revision Boards
There are no known issues with the A01 boards.
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Schematics, Assembly Drawings, and BOM
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