Silicon Laboratories EFR32xG21B User manual

UG428: EFR32xG21B 2.4 GHz 10 dBm
Wireless Starter Kit User's Guide
A Wireless Starter Kit with the BRD4181C Radio Board is an ex-
cellent starting point to get familiar with the EFR32™ Wireless
Gecko Wireless System-on-Chip. It also provides all necessary
tools for developing a Silicon Labs wireless application.
BRD4181C is a plug-in board for the Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard. It is a complete ref-
erence design for the EFR32xG21B Wireless SoC, with matching network and a PCB
antenna for 10 dBm output power in the 2.4 GHz band.
The Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard contains an on-board J-Link debugger with a Packet
Trace Interface and a Virtual COM port, enabling application development and debug-
ging of the attached radio board as well as external hardware. The mainboard also con-
tains sensors and peripherals for easy demonstration of some of the EFR32's many ca-
pabilities.
This document describes how to use the BRD4181C Radio Board together with a Wire-
less Starter Kit Mainboard.
BRD4181C RADIO BOARD FEATURES
• EFR32xG21B Wireless Gecko Wireless
SoC with 1024 kB Flash and 96 kB RAM
(EFR32MG21B010F1024IM32).
• Inverted-F PCB antenna (2.4 GHz band)
• 2x user color LEDs (red and green)
WIRELESS STK MAINBOARD FEATURES
• Advanced Energy Monitor
• Packet Trace Interface
• Virtual COM port
• SEGGER J-Link on-board debugger
• External device debugging
• Ethernet and USB connectivity
• Low power 128x128 pixel Memory LCD-
TFT
• User LEDs / pushbuttons
• 20-pin 2.54 mm EXP header
• Breakout pads for Wireless SoC I/O
• CR2032 coin cell battery support
SOFTWARE SUPPORT
• Simplicity Studio™
• Energy Profiler
•Network Analyzer
ORDERING INFORMATION
• SLWRB4181C
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction ................................
4
1.1 Radio Boards ..............................4
1.2 Ordering Information ............................4
1.3 Getting Started ..............................4
2. Hardware Overview .............................5
2.1 Hardware Layout .............................5
2.2 Block Diagram ..............................6
3. Connectors ................................7
3.1 J-Link USB Connector ...........................7
3.2 Ethernet Connector ............................7
3.3 Breakout Pads ..............................8
3.4 EXP Header ...............................9
3.4.1 EXP Header Pinout ...........................10
3.5 Debug Connector .............................11
3.6 Simplicity Connector ............................12
3.7 Debug Adapter ..............................13
4. Power Supply and Reset .......................... 14
4.1 Radio Board Power Selection .........................14
4.2 Board Controller Power ...........................15
4.3 EFR32 Reset ..............................15
4.4 Battery Holder ..............................15
5. Peripherals ............................... 16
5.1 Push Buttons and LEDs ...........................16
5.2 Memory LCD-TFT Display ..........................17
5.3 Virtual COM Port .............................18
5.3.1 Host Interfaces ............................19
5.3.2 Serial Configuration ...........................19
5.3.3 Hardware Handshake ..........................20
6. Board Controller ............................. 21
6.1 Admin Console ..............................21
6.1.1 Connecting ..............................21
6.1.2 Built-in Help .............................21
6.1.3 Command Examples ..........................22
6.2 Virtual UART ..............................22
6.2.1 Target to Host .............................22
6.2.2 Host to Target .............................22
6.2.3 Limitations ..............................22
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6.2.4 Troubleshooting ............................23
7. Advanced Energy Monitor ......................... 24
7.1 Introduction ...............................24
7.2 Theory of Operation ............................24
7.3 AEM Accuracy and Performance ........................25
7.4 Usage .................................25
8. On-Board Debugger ............................ 26
8.1 Host Interfaces ..............................26
8.1.1 USB Interface .............................26
8.1.2 Ethernet Interface ...........................26
8.1.3 Serial Number Identification ........................26
8.2 Debug Modes ..............................27
8.3 Debugging During Battery Operation ......................28
9. Kit Configuration and Upgrades ....................... 29
9.1 Firmware Upgrades ............................29
10. Schematics, Assembly Drawings, and BOM .................. 30
11. Kit Revision History ........................... 31
11.1 SLWRB4181C Revision History ........................31
12. Document Revision History ........................ 32
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1. Introduction
The EFR32xG21B Wireless Gecko Wireless SoC is featured on a radio board that plugs directly into a Wireless Starter Kit (WSTK)
Mainboard. The mainboard features several tools for easy evaluation and development of wireless applications. An on-board J-Link de-
bugger enables programming and debugging on the target device over USB or Ethernet. The Advanced Energy Monitor (AEM) offers
real-time current and voltage monitoring. A virtual COM port interface (VCOM) provides an easy-to-use serial port connection over USB
or Ethernet. The Packet Trace Interface (PTI) offers invaluable debug information about transmitted and received packets in wireless
links.
All debug functionality, including AEM, VCOM, and PTI, can also be used towards external target hardware instead of the attached ra-
dio board.
To further enhance its usability, the mainboard contains sensors and peripherals that demonstrate some of the many capabilities of the
EFR32xG21B. A 20-pin expansion header (EXP header) is also provided that allows connection of expansion boards (EXP boards) to
the kit.
1.1 Radio Boards
A Wireless Starter Kit consists of one or more mainboards and radio boards that plug into the mainboard. Different radio boards are
available, each featuring different Silicon Labs devices with different operating frequency bands.
Since the mainboard is designed to work with all different radio boards, the actual pin mapping from a device pin to a mainboard feature
is done on the radio board. This means that each radio board has its own pin mapping to the Wireless Starter Kit features, such as
buttons, LEDs, the display, the EXP header and the breakout pads. Because this pin mapping is different for every radio board, it is
important that the correct document be consulted which shows the kit features in context of the radio board plugged in.
This document explains how to use the Wireless Starter Kit when the EFR32xG21B 2.4 GHz 10 dBm Radio Board (BRD4181C) is com-
bined with a Wireless STK Mainboard. The combination of these two boards is hereby referred to as a Wireless Starter Kit (Wireless
STK).
1.2 Ordering Information
BRD4181C is obtained through its own kit, SLWRB4181C. The Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard must be ordered seperately.
Table 1.1. Ordering Information
Part Number Description Contents
SLWRB4181C EFR32xG21B 2.4 GHz 10 dBm Radio Board 1x BRD4181C EFR32xG21B 2.4 GHz 10 dBm Radio Board
1.3 Getting Started
Detailed instructions for how to get started can be found on the Silicon Labs web pages:
silabs.com/start-efr32xg21
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Introduction
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2. Hardware Overview
2.1 Hardware Layout
The layout of the EFR32xG21B 2.4 GHz 10 dBm Wireless Starter Kit is shown in the figure below.
On-board USB and
Ethernet J-Link
Debugger
Radio Board Breakout Pads Plug-in Radio Board
Si7021 Humidity and
Temperature Sensor
(Not available to BRD4181C)
EXP-header for
expansion boards
Serial-port, packet trace and Advanced
Energy Monitoring header
ARM Coresight 19-pin
trace/debug header
Ultra-low power 128x128
pixel memory LCD,
buttons and LEDs
Battery or
USB power
USB-serial-port
Packet-trace
Advanced Energy
Monitoring
Figure 2.1. Kit Hardware Layout
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Hardware Overview
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2.2 Block Diagram
An overview of the EFR32xG21B 2.4 GHz 10 dBm Wireless Starter Kit is shown in the figure below.
Debug
USB Mini-B
Connector
UART
RJ-45 Ethernet
Connector
Packet Trace
AEM
Multiplexer
Debug
UART
ETM Trace
Packet Trace
AEM
Debug
UART
Packet Trace
AEM
Simplicity
Connector
Debug
Connector
Board
Controller
OUT
IN
MCU
SMA
Connector
2.4 GHz RF
Inverted-F
PCB Antenna
EFR32xG21B
Wireless SoC
ETM Trace
128 x 128 pixel
Memory LCD
GPIO
GPIO
GPIO
EXP
Header
User Buttons
& LEDs
R/G LED
Figure 2.2. Kit Block Diagram
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Hardware Overview
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3. Connectors
This chapter gives you an overview of the Wireless STK Mainboard connectivity. The placement of the connectors are shown in the
figure below.
Simplicity
Connector
Debug
Connector
GND
GND
5V
5V
P25
P24
P27
P26
P29
P28
P31
P30
P33
P32
P35
P34
P37
P36
P39
P38
P41
P40
P43
P42
P45
P44
GND
GND
NC
NC
Radio Board
Connectors
EXP Header
GND
GND
VMCU
VMCU
P1
P0
P3
P2
P5
P4
P7
P6
P9
P8
P11
P10
P13
P12
P15
P14
P17
P16
P19
P18
P21
P20
GND
GND
P23
P22
VRF
VRF
3V3
3V3
Ethernet
Connector
J-Link USB
Connector
Figure 3.1. Mainboard Connector Layout
3.1 J-Link USB Connector
The J-Link USB connector is situated on the left side of the Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard. Most of the kit's development features are
supported through this USB interface when connected to a host computer, including:
• Debugging and programming of the target device using the on-board J-Link debugger
• Communication with the target device over the virtual COM port using USB-CDC
• Accurate current profiling using the AEM
In addition to providing access to development features of the kit, this USB connector is also the main power source for the kit. USB 5V
from this connector powers the board controller and the AEM. It is recommended that the USB host be able to supply at least 500 mA
to this connector, although the actual current required will vary depending on the application.
3.2 Ethernet Connector
The Ethernet connector provides access to all of the Wireless Starter Kit's development features over TCP/IP. The Ethernet interface
provides some additional development features to the user. Supported features include:
• Debugging and programming of the target device using the on-board J-Link debugger
• Communication with the target device over the virtual COM port using TCP/IP socket 4901
• "VUART" communication with the target device over the debug SWD/SWO interface using TCP/IP socket 4900
• Accurate current profiling using the AEM
• Real-time radio packet and network analysis using the Packet Trace Interface
• Access to advanced configuration options using the admin console over TCP/IP socket 4902
Note: The Wireless Starter Kit cannot be powered using the Ethernet connector, so in order to use this interface, the USB connector
must be used to provide power to the board.
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3.3 Breakout Pads
Most pins of the EFR32 are routed from the radio board to breakout pads at the top and bottom edges of the Wireless STK Mainboard.
A 2.54 mm pitch pin header can be soldered on for easy access to the pins. The figure below shows you how the pins of the EFR32
map to the pin numbers printed on the breakout pads. To see the available functions on each, refer to the data sheet for
EFR32MG21B010F1024IM32.
GND
VMCU
P23 / NC
P21 / NC
P19 / NC
P17 / NC
GND
P15 / NC
P13 / NC
P11 / PA06 / EXP14 / VCOM_RX
P9 / PA05 / EXP12 / VCOM_TX
P7 / PC03 / EXP10 / DISP_SCS
P5 / PC02 / EXP8 / DISP_SCLK
P3 / PC01 / EXP6 / VCOM_RTS
P1 / PC00 / EXP4 / DISP_MOSI
VRF
GND
VMCU
VCOM_CTS / PA04 / P22
DBG_TDO_SWO / PA03 / P20
DBG_TMS_SWDIO / PA02 / P18
DBG_TCK_SWCLK / PA01 / P16
GND
DISP_EXTCOMIN / PA00 / P14
NC / P12
UIF_LED1 / EXP13 / PD03 / P10
UIF_LED0 / EXP11 / PD02 / P8
UIF_BUTTON1 / EXP9 / PB01 / P6
UIF_BUTTON0 / EXP7 / PB00 / P4
NC / P2
NC / P0
VRF
J101
GNDGND
5V5V
NCNC
P45 / NCNC / P44
P43 / NCTRACED0 / PA03 / P42
P41 / NCNC / P40
3V33V3
P39 / NCNC / P38
P37 / NCDISP_EXTCOMIN / PA00 / P36
P35 / NCNC / P34
P33 / NCNC / P32
P31 / PD04 / VCOM_ENABLE / DISP_ENABLENC / P30
P29 / NCNC / P28
P27 / PC05 / PTI_SYNCNC / P26
P25 / PC04 / PTI_DATANC / P24
GNDGND
J102
Figure 3.2. Breakout Pad Pin Mapping
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3.4 EXP Header
The EXP header is an angled 20-pin expansion header provided to allow connection of peripherals or plugin boards to the kit. It is loca-
ted on the right-hand side of the mainboard, and it contains a number of I/O pins that can be used with most of the EFR32 Wireless
Gecko's features. Additionally, the VMCU, 3V3, and 5V power rails are also exported.
The connector follows a standard which ensures that commonly used peripherals, such as an SPI, a UART, and an I2C bus, are availa-
ble on fixed locations in the connector. The rest of the pins are used for general purpose IO. This allows the definition of expansion
boards (EXP boards) that can plug into a number of different Silicon Labs Starter Kits.
The figure below shows the pin assignment of the EXP header. Because of limitations in the number of available GPIO pins, some of
the EXP header pins are shared with kit features.
12
4
8
6
10
3
5
9
7
12
13
14
11
1516
17
18
20 19
VMCU
SPI_MOSI / PC00
SPI_MISO / PC01
SPI_CLK / PC02
SPI_CS / PC03
UART_TX / PA05
UART_RX / PA06
NC
5V
3V3
GND
NC
NC
PB00 / GPIO
PB01 / GPIO
PD02 / GPIO
PD03 / GPIO
NC
BOARD_ID_SDA
BOARD_ID_SCL
Reserved (Board Identification)
EFR32 I/O Pin
Figure 3.3. EXP Header
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3.4.1 EXP Header Pinout
The pin-routing on the EFR32 is very flexible, so most peripherals can be routed to any pin. However, many pins are shared between
the EXP header and other functions on the Wireless STK Mainboard. The table below includes an overview of the mainboard features
that share pins with the EXP header.
Table 3.1. EXP Header Pinout
Pin Connection EXP Header Function Shared Feature Peripheral Mapping
20 3V3 Board controller supply
18 5V Board USB voltage
16 NC I2C_SDA
14 PA06 UART_RX VCOM_RX USART0_RX
12 PA05 UART_TX VCOM_TX USART0_TX
10 PC03 SPI_CS DISP_SCS USART0_CS
8 PC02 SPI_SCLK DISP_SCLK USART0_SCLK
6 PC01 SPI_MISO VCOM_RTS USART0_RTS
4 PC00 SPI_MOSI DISP_MOSI USART0_MOSI
2 VMCU EFR32 voltage domain, included in AEM measurements.
19 BOARD_ID_SDA Connected to board controller for identification of add-on boards.
17 BOARD_ID_SCL Connected to board controller for identification of add-on boards.
15 NC I2C_SCL
13 PD03 GPIO UIF_LED1
11 PD02 GPIO UIF_LED0
9 PB01 GPIO UIF_BUTTON1
7 PB00 GPIO UIF_BUTTON0
5 NC GPIO
3 NC GPIO
1 GND Ground
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3.5 Debug Connector
The debug connector serves multiple purposes based on the "debug mode" setting which can be configured in Simplicity Studio. When
the debug mode is set to "Debug IN", the debug connector can be used to connect an external debugger to the EFR32 on the radio
board. When set to "Debug OUT", this connector allows the kit to be used as a debugger towards an external target. When set to "De-
bug MCU" (default), the connector is isolated from both the on-board debugger and the radio board target device.
Because this connector is electronically switched between the different operating modes, it can only be used when the board controller
is powered (i.e., J-Link USB cable connected). If debug access to the target device is required when the board controller is unpowered,
connect directly to the appropriate breakout pins.
The pinout of the connector follows that of the standard ARM Cortex Debug+ETM 19-pin connector. The pinout is described in detail
below. Even though the connector has support for both JTAG and ETM Trace, it does not necessarily mean that the kit or the on-board
target device supports this.
1 2
4
8
6
10
5
9
12
13 14
11
15 16
17 18
20
19
TMS / SWDIO / C2D
TCK / SWCLK / C2CK
TDO / SWO
TDI / C2Dps
TRACECLK
TRACED0
TRACED1
TRACED2
TRACED3
RESET / C2CKps
GND
NC
NC
GND
GND
GND
7
GND
VTARGET
Cable Detect
NC
3
Figure 3.4. Debug Connector
Note: The pinout matches the pinout of an ARM Cortex Debug+ETM connector, but these are not fully compatible because pin 7 is
physically removed from the Cortex Debug+ETM connector. Some cables have a small plug that prevent them from being used when
this pin is present. If this is the case, remove the plug or use a standard 2x10 1.27 mm straight cable instead.
Table 3.2. Debug Connector Pin Descriptions
Pin Number(s) Function Description
1 VTARGET Target reference voltage. Used for shifting logical signal levels between target and
debugger.
2 TMS / SDWIO / C2D JTAG test mode select, Serial Wire data, or C2 data
4 TCK / SWCLK / C2CK JTAG test clock, Serial Wire clock, or C2 clock
6 TDO/SWO JTAG test data out or Serial Wire Output
8 TDI / C2Dps JTAG test data in or C2D "pin sharing" function
10 RESET / C2CKps Target device reset or C2CK "pin sharing" function
12 TRACECLK Not connected
14 TRACED0 PA03
16 TRACED1 Not connected
18 TRACED2 Not connected
20 TRACED3 Not connected
9 Cable detect Connect to ground
11, 13 NC Not connected
3, 5, 15, 17, 19 GND Ground
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3.6 Simplicity Connector
The Simplicity Connector enables the advanced debugging features, such as the AEM, the virtual COM port, and the Packet Trace
Interface, to be used towards an external target. The pinout is illustrated in the figure below.
VMCU 1
33V3
5
5V
15
GND
13
GND
11
GND
9
GND
7
GND
17
BOARD_ID_SCL
19
BOARD_ID_SDA
2VCOM_TX
4VCOM_RX
6VCOM_CTS
8VCOM_RTS
10 PTI0_SYNC
12 PTI0_DATA
14 PTI0_CLK
16 PTI1_SYNC
18 PTI1_DATA
20 PTI1_CLK
Figure 3.5. Simplicity Connector
Note: Current drawn from the VMCU voltage pin is included in the AEM measurements, while the 3V3 and 5V voltage pins are not.
When monitoring the current consumption of an external target with the AEM, unplug the radio board from the Wireless STK Mainboard
to avoid adding the radio board current consumption to the measurements.
Table 3.3. Simplicity Connector Pin Descriptions
Pin Number(s) Function Description
1 VMCU 3.3 V power rail, monitored by the AEM
3 3V3 3.3 V power rail
5 5V 5 V power rail
2 VCOM_TX Virtual COM Tx
4 VCOM_RX Virtual COM Rx
6 VCOM_CTS Virtual COM CTS
8 VCOM_RTS Virtual COM RTS
10 PTI0_SYNC Packet Trace 0 Sync
12 PTI0_DATA Packet Trace 0 Data
14 PTI0_CLK Packet Trace 0 Clock
16 PTI1_SYNC Packet Trace 1 Sync
18 PTI1_DATA Packet Trace 1 Data
20 PTI1_CLK Packet Trace 1 Clock
17 BOARD_ID_SCL Board ID SCL
19 BOARD_ID_SDA Board ID SDA
7, 9, 11, 13, 15 GND Ground
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3.7 Debug Adapter
The BRD8010A STK/WSTK Debug Adapter is an adapter board which plugs directly into the debug connector and the Simplicity Con-
nector on the mainboard. It combines selected functionality from the two connectors to a smaller footprint 10-pin connector, which is
more suitable for space constrained designs.
For versatility, the debug adapter features three different 10-pin debug connectors:
• Silicon Labs Mini Simplicity Connector
• ARM Cortex 10-pin Debug Connector
• Silicon Labs ISA3 Packet Trace
The ARM Cortex 10-pin Debug Connector follows the standard Cortex pinout defined by ARM and allows the Starter Kit to be used to
debug hardware designs that use this connector.
The ISA3 connector follows the same pinout as the Packet Trace connector found on the Silicon Labs Ember Debug Adapter (ISA3).
This allows the Starter Kit to be used to debug hardware designs that use this connector.
The Mini Simplicity Connector is designed to offer advanced debug features from the Starter Kit on a 10-pin connector:
• Serial Wire Debug (SWD) with SWO
• Packet Trace Interface (PTI)
• Virtual COM port (VCOM)
• AEM monitored voltage rail
Note: Packet Trace is only available on Wireless STK Mainboards. MCU Starter Kits do not support Packet Trace.
VAEM 1
3
RST
5
VCOM_TX
9
PTI_FRAME
7
SWDIO
2GND
4VCOM_RX
6SWO
8SWCLK
10 PTI_DATA
Figure 3.6. Mini Simplicity Connector
Table 3.4. Mini Simplicity Connector Pin Descriptions
Pin Number Function Description
1 VAEM Target voltage on the debugged application. Supplied and monitored by the AEM
when power selection switch is in the "AEM" position.
2 GND Ground
3 RST Reset
4 VCOM_RX Virtual COM Rx
5 VCOM_TX Virtual COM Tx
6 SWO Serial Wire Output
7 SWDIO Serial Wire Data
8 SWCLK Serial Wire Clock
9 PTI_FRAME Packet Trace Frame Signal
10 PTI_DATA Packet Trace Data Signal
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4. Power Supply and Reset
4.1 Radio Board Power Selection
The EFR32 on a Wireless Starter Kit can be powered by one of these sources:
• The debug USB cable
• A 3 V coin cell battery
• A USB regulator on the radio board (for devices with USB support only)
The power source for the radio board is selected with the slide switch in the lower left corner of the Wireless STK Mainboard. The figure
below shows how the different power sources can be selected with the slide switch.
VMCU
AEM
USB
BAT
USB Mini-B
Connector
Advanced
Energy
Monitor
3 V Lithium Battery
(CR2032)
BAT
USB
AEM
LDO
EFR32
5 V 3.3 V
Figure 4.1. Power Switch
With the switch in the AEM position, a low noise 3.3 V LDO on the mainboard is used to power the radio board. This LDO is again
powered from the debug USB cable. The AEM is now also connected in series, allowing accurate high speed current measurements
and energy debugging/profiling.
With the switch in the USB position, radio boards with USB-support can be powered by a regulator on the radio board itself. BRD4181C
does not contain a USB regulator, and setting the switch in the USB position will cause the EFR32 to be unpowered.
Finally, with the switch in the BAT position, a 20 mm coin cell battery in the CR2032 socket can be used to power the device. With the
switch in this position, no current measurements are active. This is the recommended switch position when powering the radio board
with an external power source.
Note: The current sourcing capabilities of a coin cell battery might be too low to supply certain wireless applications.
Note: The AEM can only measure the current consumption of the EFR32 when the power selection switch is in the AEM position.
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4.2 Board Controller Power
The board controller is responsible for important features, such as the debugger and the AEM, and is powered exclusively through the
USB port in the top left corner of the board. This part of the kit resides on a separate power domain, so a different power source can be
selected for the target device while retaining debugging functionality. This power domain is also isolated to prevent current leakage from
the target power domain when power to the board controller is removed.
The board controller power domain is not influenced by the position of the power switch.
The kit has been carefully designed to keep the board controller and the target power domains isolated from each other as one of them
powers down. This ensures that the target EFR32 device will continue to operate in the USB and BAT modes.
4.3 EFR32 Reset
The EFR32 Wireless SoC can be reset by a few different sources:
• A user pressing the RESET button
• The on-board debugger pulling the #RESET pin low
• An external debugger pulling the #RESET pin low
In addition to the reset sources mentioned above, a reset to the EFR32 will also be issued during board controller boot-up. This means
that removing power to the board controller (unplugging the J-Link USB cable) will not generate a reset, but plugging the cable back in
will, as the board controller boots up.
4.4 Battery Holder
In radio applications with high output power, peak current consumption will exceed the current sourcing capacity of a coin-cell battery.
To support evaluation of the EFR32 Wireless Gecko in situations where powering the kit from a wired USB connection is impractical, for
instance during range-tests, the kit is supplied with a battery holder for 2 AA batteries.
To use the battery holder, first set the power switch in the BAT position. Then attach the cable to pin 1 and 2 on the expansion header,
orienting the connector so the black cable cable goes down towards pin 1, and the red cable up towards pin 2.
Connect battery holder
to EXP header.
- Pin 2 (up): Red wire
- Pin 1 (down): Black wire
Put power switch in BAT position
Figure 4.2. Battery Holder Connection
Warning: There is no reverse voltage protection on the VMCU pin! Ensure that the battery holder is connected the right way. Failure to
do so may result in damage to the radio board and its components.
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5. Peripherals
The starter kit has a set of peripherals that showcase some of the features of the EFR32.
Be aware that most EFR32 I/O routed to peripherals are also routed to the breakout pads or the EXP header. This must be taken into
consideration when using these.
5.1 Push Buttons and LEDs
The kit has two user push buttons marked PB0 and PB1. They are connected directly to the EFR32 and are debounced by RC filters
with a time constant of 1 ms. The buttons are connected to pins PB00 and PB01.
The kit features a total of four LEDs controlled by two GPIO pins on the EFR32. Two yellow LEDs, marked LED0 and LED1, are located
on the Wireless STK Mainboard. A red/green LED is located on the BRD4181C itself. The LEDs are connected such that PD02 controls
LED0 on the Wireless STK Mainboard and the red LED on BRD4181C. PD03 controls LED1 on the Wireless STK Mainboard and the
green LED on BRD4181C. The LEDs are all controlled in an active-high configuration.
User Buttons
& LEDs
EFR32
UIF_LED0
UIF_LED1
UIF_PB0
UIF_PB1
PD03 (GPIO)
PB00 (GPIO)
PB01 (GPIO)
PD02 (GPIO)
R/G LED
MAINBOARD
RADIO BOARD
Figure 5.1. Buttons and LEDs
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5.2 Memory LCD-TFT Display
A 1.28-inch SHARP Memory LCD-TFT is available on the kit to enable interactive applications to be developed. The display has a high
resolution of 128 x 128 pixels and consumes very little power. It is a reflective monochrome display, so each pixel can only be light or
dark, and no backlight is needed in normal daylight conditions. Data sent to the display is stored in the pixels on the glass, which means
no continous refreshing is required to maintain a static image.
The display interface consists of an SPI-compatible serial interface and some extra control signals. Pixels are not individually addressa-
ble, instead data is sent to the display one line (128 bits) at a time.
The Memory LCD-TFT display is shared with the kit's board controller, allowing the board controller application to display useful infor-
mation when the user application is not using the display. The user application always controls ownership of the display with the
DISP_ENABLE signal:
• DISP_ENABLE = LOW: The board controller has control of the display
• DISP_ENABLE = HIGH: The user application (EFR32) has control of the display
Power to the display is sourced from the target application power domain when the EFR32 controls the display, and from the board
controller's power domain when the DISP_ENABLE line is low. Data is clocked in on DISP_SI when DISP_CS is high, and the clock is
sent on DISP_SCLK. The maximum supported clock speed is 1.1 MHz.
DISP_EXTCOMIN is the "COM Inversion" line. It must be pulsed periodically to prevent static build-up in the display itself. Refer to the
LS013B7DH03 documentation for more information on driving the display.
PC02 (US0_CLK)
PC00 (US0_TX)
PC03 (US0_CS)
PA00 (GPIO)
PD04 (GPIO)
EFR32
0: Board Controller controls display
1: EFR32 controls display
Figure 5.2. 128x128 Pixel Memory LCD
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5.3 Virtual COM Port
An asynchronous serial connection to the board controller is provided for application data transfer between a host PC and the target
EFR32. This eliminates the need for an external serial port adapter.
VCOM_ENABLE
PA05 (US0_TX)
PA06 (US0_RX)
PD04 (GPIO)
VCOM_RX
VCOM_TX
Board
Controller
EFR32
USB Host
PC
Isolation & Level Shift
PA04 (US0_CTS)
PC01 (US0_RTS)
VCOM_CTS
VCOM_RTS
ETH
or
Figure 5.3. Virtual COM Port Interface
The virtual COM port consists of a physical UART between the target device and the board controller, and a logical function in the
board controller that makes the serial port available to the host PC over USB or Ethernet. The UART interface consists of four pins and
an enable signal.
Table 5.1. Virtual COM Port Interface Pins
Signal Description
VCOM_TX Transmit data from the EFR32 to the board controller
VCOM_RX Receive data from the board controller to the EFR32
VCOM_CTS Clear to Send hardware flow control input, asserted by the board controller when it is ready to receive more data
VCOM_RTS Request to Send hardware flow control output, asserted by the EFR32 when it is ready to receive more data
VCOM_ENABLE Enables the VCOM interface, allowing data to pass through to the board controller.
The parameters of the serial port, such as baud rate or flow control, can be configured using the admin console. The default settings
depend on which radio board is used with the Wireless STK Mainboard.
Note: The VCOM port is only available when the board controller is powered, which requires the J-Link USB cable to be inserted.
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5.3.1 Host Interfaces
Data can be exchanged between the board controller and the target device through the VCOM interface, which is then available to the
user in two different ways:
• Virtual COM port using a standard USB-CDC driver
• TCP/IP by connecting to the Wireless STK on TCP/IP port 4901 with a Telnet client
When connecting via USB, the device should automatically show up as a COM port. The actual device name that is associated with the
kit depends on the operating system and how many devices are or have been connected previously. The following are examples of
what the device might show up as:
• JLink CDC UART Port (COM5) on Windows hosts
• /dev/cu.usbmodem1411 on macOS
• /dev/ttyACM0 on Linux
Data sent by the target device into the VCOM interface can be read from the COM port, and data written to the port is transmitted to the
target device. Connecting to the Wireless STK on port 4901 gives access to the same data over TCP/IP. Data written into the VCOM
interface by the target device can be read from the socket, and data written into the socket is transmitted to the target device.
Note: Only one of these interfaces can be used at the same time, with the TCP/IP socket taking priority. This means that if a socket is
connected to port 4901, no data can be sent or received on the USB COM port.
5.3.2 Serial Configuration
By default, the VCOM serial port is configured to use 115200 8N1 (115.2 kbit/s, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit), with flow control disabled/ignor-
ed. The configuration can be changed using the admin console:
WSTK> serial vcom config
Usage: serial vcom config [--nostore] [handshake <rts/cts/rtscts/disable/auto>] [speed <9600,921600>]
Using this command, the baud rate can be configured between 9600 and 921600 bit/s, and hardware handshake can be enabled or
disabled on either or both flow control pins.
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5.3.3 Hardware Handshake
The VCOM peripheral supports basic RTS/CTS flow control.
VCOM_CTS (target clear to send) is a signal that is output from the board controller and input to the target device. The board controller
de-asserts this pin whenever its input buffer is full and it is unable to accept more data from the target device. If hardware handshake is
enabled in the target firmware, its UART peripheral will halt when data is not being consumed by the host. This implements end-to-end
flow control for data moving from the target device to the host.
VCOM_CTS is connected to the RTS pin on the board controller and is enabled by setting handshake to either RTS or RTSCTS using
the "serial vcom config" command.
VCOM_RTS (target request to send) is a signal that is output from the target device and input to the board controller. The board control-
ler will halt transmission of data towards the target if the target device de-asserts this signal. This gives the target firmware a means to
hold off incoming data until it can be processed. Note that de-asserting RTS will not abort the byte currently being transmitted, so the
target firmware must be able to accept at least one more character after RTS is de-asserted.
VCOM_RTS is connected to the CTS pin of the board controller. It is enabled by setting handshake to either CTS or RTSCTS using the
"serial vcom config" command in the admin console. If CTS flow control is disabled, the state of VCOM_RTS will be ignored and data
will be transmitted to the target device anyway.
Table 5.2. Hardware Handshake Configuration
Mode Description
disabled RTS (VCOM_CTS) is not driven by the board controller and CTS (VCOM_RTS) is ignored.
rts RTS (VCOM_CTS) is driven by the board controller to halt target from transmitting when input buffer is full. CTS
(VCOM_RTS) is ignored.
cts RTS (VCOM_CTS) is not driven by the board controller. Data is transmitted to the target device if CTS
(VCOM_RTS) is asserted, and halted when de-asserted.
rtscts RTS (VCOM_CTS) is driven by the board controller to halt target when buffers are full. Data is transmitted to the
target device if CTS (VCOM_RTS) is asserted, and halted when de-asserted.
Note: Enabling CTS flow control without configuring the VCOM_RTS pin can result in no data being transmitted from the host to the
target device.
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