Silicon Laboratories EFR32ZG14 User manual

UG476: Z-Wave 700 - EFR32ZG14 Long
Range Wireless Starter Kit User's Guide
A Wireless Starter Kit with the BRD4206A Radio Board is an ex-
cellent starting point to get familiar with the EFR32 Wireless
Gecko Z-Wave® Wireless System-on-Chip. It also provides the
necessary tools for developing a Silicon Labs Z-Wave gateway ap-
plication.
BRD4206A is a plug-in board for the Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard, and it is a complete
reference design for the EFR32ZG14 Wireless SoC. The board features an SMA con-
nector for RF connection and an optional PCB antenna that can be selected by moving a
0 Ω resistor.
The Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard contains an on-board J-Link debugger with a Packet
Trace Interface and a virtual COM port, enabling application development and debugging
the attached radio board as well as external hardware. The mainboard also contains
sensors and peripherals for easy demonstration of some of the EFR32's many capabili-
ties.
This document describes how to use the BRD4206A Radio Board together with a Wire-
less Starter Kit Mainboard.
BRD4206A RADIO BOARD FEATURES
• EFR32 Wireless Gecko Wireless SoC with
256 kB Flash, 32 kB RAM.
(EFR32ZG14P231F256GM32)
•SMA antenna connector (863-925 MHz)
• Optional PCB antenna
WIRELESS STK MAINBOARD FEATURES
• Advanced Energy Monitor
• Packet Trace Interface
•Virtual COM port
• SEGGER J-Link on-board debugger
• External device debugging
• Ethernet and USB connectivity
• Silicon Labs Si7021 relative humidity and
temperature sensor
• Low Power 128x128 pixel Memory LCD
• User LEDs / pushbuttons
• 20-pin 2.54 mm EXP header
• Breakout pads for Wireless SoC I/O
• CR2032 coin cell battery support
SOFTWARE SUPPORT
• Simplicity Studio™
• Energy Profiler
•iOS and Android applications
ORDERING INFORMATION
• SLWRB4206A
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction ................................
4
1.1 Radio Boards ..............................4
1.2 Ordering Information ............................4
1.3 Getting Started ..............................4
2. Hardware Overview .............................5
2.1 Hardware Layout .............................5
2.2 Block Diagram ..............................6
3. Connectors ................................7
3.1 J-Link USB Connector ...........................7
3.2 Ethernet Connector ............................7
3.3 Breakout Pads ..............................8
3.4 EXP Header ...............................9
3.4.1 EXP Header Pinout ...........................10
3.5 Debug Connector .............................11
3.6 Simplicity Connector ............................12
3.7 Debug Adapter ..............................13
4. Power Supply and Reset ..........................14
4.1 Radio Board Power Selection .........................14
4.2 Board Controller Power ...........................14
4.3 EFR32 Reset ..............................15
5. Peripherals ...............................16
5.1 Push Buttons and LEDs ...........................16
5.2 Virtual COM Port .............................17
5.2.1 Host Interfaces ............................18
5.2.2 Serial Configuration ...........................18
5.2.3 Hardware Handshake ..........................19
6. Board Controller .............................20
6.1 Admin Console ..............................20
6.1.1 Connecting ..............................20
6.1.2 Built-in Help .............................20
6.1.3 Command Examples ..........................21
6.2 Virtual UART ..............................21
6.2.1 Target to Host .............................21
6.2.2 Host to Target .............................21
6.2.3 Limitations ..............................21
6.2.4 Troubleshooting ............................22
7. Advanced Energy Monitor .........................23
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7.1 Introduction ...............................23
7.2 Theory of Operation ............................23
7.3 AEM Accuracy and Performance ........................24
7.4 Usage .................................24
8. On-Board Debugger ............................25
8.1 Host Interfaces ..............................25
8.1.1 USB Interface .............................25
8.1.2 Ethernet Interface ...........................25
8.1.3 Serial Number Identification ........................25
8.2 Debug Modes ..............................26
8.3 Debugging During Battery Operation ......................27
9. Kit Configuration and Upgrades .......................28
9.1 Firmware Upgrades ............................28
10. Schematics, Assembly Drawings, and BOM ..................29
11. Kit Revision History ...........................30
11.1 SLWRB4206A Revision History ........................30
12. Document Revision History ........................31
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1. Introduction
The EFR32ZG14 Wireless Gecko Wireless SoC is featured on a radio board that plugs directly into a Wireless Starter Kit (Wireless
STK) Mainboard. The mainboard features several tools for easy evaluation and development of wireless applications. An on-board J-
Link debugger enables programming and debugging on the target device over USB or Ethernet. The Advanced Energy Monitor (AEM)
offers real-time current and voltage monitoring. A virtual COM port interface (VCOM) provides an easy-to-use serial port connection
over USB or Ethernet. The Packet Trace Interface (PTI) offers invaluable debug information about transmitted and received packets in
wireless links.
All debug functionality, including AEM, VCOM, and PTI, can also be used towards external target hardware instead of the attached
radio board.
To further enhance its usability, the mainboard contains sensors and peripherals that demonstrate some of the many capabilities of the
EFR32ZG14. The mainboard also has a 20-pin EXP header which can be used for connecting EXP boards to the kit, or for easy con-
nection to I/Os on the target IC on the radio board.
1.1 Radio Boards
A Wireless Starter Kit consists of one or more mainboards and radio boards that plug into the mainboard. Different radio boards are
available, each featuring different Silicon Labs devices with different operating frequency bands.
Because the mainboard is designed to work with all different radio boards, the actual pin mapping from a device pin to a mainboard
feature is done on the radio board. This means that each radio board has its own pin mapping to the Wireless Starter Kit features, such
as buttons, LEDs, the display, the EXP header and the breakout pads. Because this pin mapping is different for every radio board, it is
important to consult the correct document, which shows the kit features in context of the radio board plugged in.
This document explains how to use the Wireless Starter Kit when the EFR32ZG14 Z-Wave Long Range Radio Board (BRD4206A) is
combined with a Wireless STK Mainboard. The combination of these two boards is hereby referred to as a Wireless Starter Kit (Wire-
less STK).
1.2 Ordering Information
BRD4206A can be obtained as a separate radio board, SLWRB4206A. The Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard must be ordered seperately.
Table 1.1. Ordering Information
Part Number Description Contents
SLWRB4206A Z-Wave 700 – EFR32ZG14 Long Range Ra-
dio Board
1x BRD4206A EFR32ZG14 Z-Wave Long Range Radio Board
1x LPRS SS-ANT900 868-915 MHz SMA Antenna
1.3 Getting Started
Detailed instructions for how to get started can be found on the Silicon Labs web pages: http://www.silabs.com/start-efr32zg.
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Introduction
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2. Hardware Overview
2.1 Hardware Layout
The layout of the EFR32ZG14 Z-Wave Long Range Wireless Starter Kit is shown in the figure below.
On-board USB and
Ethernet J-Link
Debugger
Radio Board Breakout Pads Plug-in Radio Board
Si7021 Humidity and
Temperature Sensor
EXP-header for
expansion boards
Serial-port, packet trace and Advanced
Energy Monitoring header
ARM Coresight 19-pin
trace/debug header
Ultra-low power 128x128
pixel memory LCD,
buttons and LEDs
Battery or
USB power
USB-serial-port
Packet-trace
Advanced Energy
Monitoring
Figure 2.1. Kit Hardware Layout
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Hardware Overview
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2.2 Block Diagram
An overview of the EFR32ZG14 Z-Wave Long Range Wireless Starter Kit is shown in the figure below.
Wireless STK Mainboard
USB Mini-B
Connector
RJ-45 Ethernet
Connector
Debug
UART
Packet Trace
AEM
Debug
UART
ETM Trace
Packet Trace
AEM
Debug
UART
Packet Trace
AEM
Simplicity
Connector
Debug
Connector
Board
Controller
Multiplexer
OUT
IN
MCU
EFR32ZG14
Wireless SoC
GPIO
EXP
Header
User Buttons
& LEDs
GPIO
Figure 2.2. Kit Block Diagram
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3. Connectors
This chapter gives you an overview of the Wireless STK Mainboard connectivity. The placement of the connectors is shown in the fig-
ure below.
Simplicity
Connector
Debug
Connector
Radio Board
Connectors
EXP Header
GND
GND
VMCU
VMCU
P1
P0
P3
P2
P5
P4
P7
P6
P9
P8
P11
P10
P13
P12
P15
P14
P17
P16
P19
P18
P21
P20
GND
GND
P23
P22
VRF
VRF
GND
GND
5V
5V
P25
P24
P27
P26
P29
P28
P31
P30
P33
P32
P35
P34
P37
P36
P39
P38
P41
P40
P43
P42
P45
P44
GND
GND
NC
NC
3V3
3V3
Ethernet
Connector
J-Link USB
Connector
Figure 3.1. Mainboard Connector Layout
3.1 J-Link USB Connector
The J-Link USB connector is situated on the left side of the Wireless Starter Kit Mainboard. Most of the kit's development features are
supported through this USB interface when connected to a host computer, such features include:
• Debugging and programming of the target device using the on-board J-Link debugger
• Communication with the target device over the virtual COM port using USB-CDC
• Accurate current profiling using the AEM
In addition to providing access to development features of the kit, this USB connector is also the main power source for the kit. USB 5V
from this connector powers the board controller and the AEM. It is recommended that the USB host be able to supply at least 500 mA
to this connector, although the actual current required will vary depending on the application.
3.2 Ethernet Connector
The Ethernet connector provides access to all of the Wireless Starter Kit's development features over TCP/IP. The Ethernet interface
provides some additional development features to the user. Supported features include:
• Debugging and programming of the target device using the on-board J-Link debugger
• Communication with the target device over the virtual COM port using TCP/IP socket 4901
• "VUART" communication with the target device over the debug SWD/SWO interface using TCP/IP socket 4900
• Accurate current profiling using the AEM
• Real-time radio packet and network analysis using the Packet Trace Interface
• Access to advanced configuration options using the admin console over TCP/IP socket 4902
Note: The Wireless Starter Kit cannot be powered using the Ethernet connector, so to use this interface, the USB connector must be
used to provide power to the board.
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3.3 Breakout Pads
Most pins of the EFR32 are routed from the radio board to breakout pads at the top and bottom edges of the Wireless STK Mainboard.
A 2.54 mm pitch pin header can be soldered on for easy access to the pins. The figure below shows you how the pins of the EFR32
map to the pin numbers printed on the breakout pads. To see the available functions on each, refer to the data sheet for
EFR32ZG14P231F256GM32.
GND
VMCU
P23 / NC
P21 / NC
P19 / NC
P17 / NC
GND
P15 / NC
P13 / PC11 / EXP16 / I2C_SDA
P11 / PA1 / EXP14 / VCOM_RX
P9 / PA0 / EXP12 / VCOM_TX
P7 / NC / EXP10
P5 / NC / EXP8
P3 / NC / EXP6
P1 / NC / EXP4
VRF
GND
VMCU
PTI_SYNC / PB13 / P22
PTI_DATA / PB12 / P20
BUTTON1 / PB11 / P18
NC / P16
GND
NC / P14
I2C_SCL / EXP15 / PC10 / P12
DBG_TDI / EXP13 / PF3 / P10
EXP11 / NC / P8
EXP9 / NC / P6
EXP7 / NC / P4
EXP5 / NC / P2
EXP3 / NC / P0
VRF
BOTTOM EDGE
GNDGND
5V5V
NCNC
P45 / NCNC / P44
P43 / NCNC / P42
P41 / NCNC / P40
3V33V3
P39 / NCNC / P38
P37 / NCNC / P36
P35 / PD15 / BUTTON0NC / P34
P33 / PD14 / VCOM_ENABLENC / P32
P31 / PD13 / LED0NC / P30
P29 / PB15DBG_TDO_SWO / PF2 / P28
P27 / PB14DBG_TMS_SWDIO / PF1 / P26
P25 / NCDBG_TCK_SWCLK / PF0 / P24
GNDGND
TOP EDGE
Figure 3.2. Breakout Pad Pin Mapping
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3.4 EXP Header
The EXP header is an angled 20-pin expansion header that allows connection of peripherals or plugin boards to the kit. It is located on
the right-hand side of the mainboard, and it contains several I/O pins that can be used with most of the EFR32 Wireless Gecko's fea-
tures. Additionally, the VMCU, 3V3, and 5V power rails are also exported.
The connector follows a standard which ensures that commonly used peripherals, such as a SPI, a UART, and an I2C bus, are availa-
ble on fixed locations in the connector. The rest of the pins are used for general purpose IO. This allows the definition of expansion
boards (EXP boards) that can plug into several different Silicon Labs Starter Kits.
The figure below shows the pin assignment of the EXP header. Because of limitations in the number of available GPIO pins, some of
the EXP header pins are shared with kit features.
12
4
8
6
10
3
5
9
7
12
13
14
11
1516
17
18
20 19
VMCU
NC
NC
NC
NC
UART_TX / PA0
UART_RX / PA1
I2C_SDA / PC11
5V
3V3
GND
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
PF3 / GPIO
PC10 / I2C_SCL
BOARD_ID_SDA
BOARD_ID_SCL
Reserved (Board Identification)
EFR32 I/O Pin
Figure 3.3. EXP Header
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3.4.1 EXP Header Pinout
The pin-routing on the EFR32 is very flexible, so most peripherals can be routed to any pin. However, many pins are shared between
the EXP header and other functions on the Wireless STK Mainboard. The table below includes an overview of the mainboard features
that share pins with the EXP header.
Table 3.1. EXP Header Pinout
Pin Connection EXP Header Function Shared Feature Peripheral Mapping
20 3V3 Board controller supply
18 5V Board USB voltage
16 PC11 I2C_SDA - I2C0_SDA #16
14 PA1 UART_RX VCOM_RX USART0_RX #0
12 PA0 UART_TX VCOM_TX USART0_TX #0
10 NC SPI_CS
8 NC SPI_SCLK
6 NC SPI_MISO
4 NC SPI_MOSI
2 VMCU EFR32 voltage domain, included in AEM measurements.
19 BOARD_ID_SDA Connected to board controller for identification of add-on boards.
17 BOARD_ID_SCL Connected to board controller for identification of add-on boards.
15 PC10 I2C_SCL - I2C0_SCL #14
13 PF3 GPIO DBG_TDI
11 NC GPIO
9 NC GPIO
7 NC GPIO
5 NC GPIO
3 NC GPIO
1 GND Ground
Note: Pin PF3 is used for DBG_TDI in JTAG mode only. When the Serial Wire Debugging interface (SWD) is used, PF3 can be used
for other purposes.
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3.5 Debug Connector
The debug connector serves multiple purposes based on the "debug mode" setting which can be configured in Simplicity Studio. When
the debug mode is set to "Debug IN", the debug connector can be used to connect an external debugger to the EFR32 on the radio
board. When set to "Debug OUT", this connector allows the kit to be used as a debugger towards an external target. When set to "De-
bug MCU" (default), the connector is isolated from both the on-board debugger and the radio board target device.
Because this connector is electronically switched between the different operating modes, it can only be used when the board controller
is powered (i.e., J-Link USB cable connected). If debug access to the target device is required when the board controller is unpowered,
connect directly to the appropriate breakout pins.
The pinout of the connector follows that of the standard ARM Cortex Debug+ETM 19-pin connector. The pinout is described in detail
below. Even though the connector has support for both JTAG and ETM Trace, it does not necessarily mean that the kit or the on-board
target device supports this.
12
4
8
6
10
5
9
12
13 14
11
15 16
17 18
20
19
TMS / SWDIO / C2D
TCK / SWCLK / C2CK
TDO / SWO
TDI / C2Dps
RESET / C2CKps
GND
NC
NC
GND
GND
GND
7
GND
VTARGET
Cable Detect
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
3
Figure 3.4. Debug Connector
Note: The pinout matches the pinout of an ARM Cortex Debug+ETM connector, but these are not fully compatible because pin 7 is
physically removed from the Cortex Debug+ETM connector. Some cables have a small plug that prevent them from being used when
this pin is present. If this is the case, remove the plug or use a standard 2x10 1.27 mm straight cable instead.
Table 3.2. Debug Connector Pin Descriptions
Pin Number(s) Function Description
1 VTARGET Target reference voltage. Used for shifting logical signal levels between target and
debugger.
2 TMS / SDWIO / C2D JTAG test mode select, Serial Wire data, or C2 data
4 TCK / SWCLK / C2CK JTAG test clock, Serial Wire clock, or C2 clock
6 TDO/SWO JTAG test data out or Serial Wire Output
8 TDI / C2Dps JTAG test data in or C2D "pin sharing" function
10 RESET / C2CKps Target device reset or C2CK "pin sharing" function
12 TRACECLK Not connected
14 TRACED0 Not connected
16 TRACED1 Not connected
18 TRACED2 Not connected
20 TRACED3 Not connected
9 Cable detect Connect to ground
11, 13 NC Not connected
3, 5, 15, 17, 19 GND Ground
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3.6 Simplicity Connector
The Simplicity Connector enables the advanced debugging features, such as the AEM, the virtual COM port, and the Packet Trace
Interface, to be used towards an external target. The pinout is illustrated in the figure below.
VMCU 1
33V3
5
5V
15
GND
13
GND
11
GND
9
GND
7
GND
17
BOARD_ID_SCL
19
BOARD_ID_SDA
2VCOM_TX
4VCOM_RX
6VCOM_CTS
8VCOM_RTS
10 PTI0_SYNC
12 PTI0_DATA
14 PTI0_CLK
16 PTI1_SYNC
18 PTI1_DATA
20 PTI1_CLK
Figure 3.5. Simplicity Connector
Note: Current drawn from the VMCU voltage pin is included in the AEM measurements, while the 3V3 and 5V voltage pins are not.
When monitoring the current consumption of an external target with the AEM, unplug the radio board from the Wireless STK Mainboard
to avoid adding the radio board current consumption to the measurements.
Table 3.3. Simplicity Connector Pin Descriptions
Pin Number(s) Function Description
1 VMCU 3.3 V power rail, monitored by the AEM
3 3V3 3.3 V power rail
5 5V 5 V power rail
2 VCOM_TX Virtual COM Tx
4 VCOM_RX Virtual COM Rx
6 VCOM_CTS Virtual COM CTS
8 VCOM_RTS Virtual COM RTS
10 PTI0_SYNC Packet Trace 0 Sync
12 PTI0_DATA Packet Trace 0 Data
14 PTI0_CLK Packet Trace 0 Clock
16 PTI1_SYNC Packet Trace 1 Sync
18 PTI1_DATA Packet Trace 1 Data
20 PTI1_CLK Packet Trace 1 Clock
17 BOARD_ID_SCL Board ID SCL
19 BOARD_ID_SDA Board ID SDA
7, 9, 11, 13, 15 GND Ground
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3.7 Debug Adapter
The BRD8010A STK/WSTK Debug Adapter is an adapter board which plugs directly into the debug connector and the Simplicity Con-
nector on the mainboard. It combines selected functionality from the two connectors to a smaller footprint 10-pin connector, which is
more suitable for space-constrained designs.
For versatility, the debug adapter features three different 10-pin debug connectors:
• Silicon Labs Mini Simplicity Connector
• ARM Cortex 10-pin Debug Connector
• Silicon Labs ISA3 Packet Trace
The ARM Cortex 10-pin Debug Connector follows the standard Cortex pinout defined by ARM and allows the Starter Kit to be used to
debug hardware designs that use this connector.
The ISA3 connector follows the same pinout as the Packet Trace connector found on the Silicon Labs Ember Debug Adapter (ISA3).
This allows the Starter Kit to be used to debug hardware designs that use this connector.
The Mini Simplicity Connector is designed to offer advanced debug features from the Starter Kit on a 10-pin connector:
• Serial Wire Debug (SWD) with SWO
• Packet Trace Interface (PTI)
• Virtual COM port (VCOM)
• AEM monitored voltage rail
Note: Packet Trace is only available on Wireless STK Mainboards. MCU Starter Kits do not support Packet Trace.
VAEM 1
3
RST
5
VCOM_TX
9
PTI_FRAME
7
SWDIO
2GND
4VCOM_RX
6SWO
8SWCLK
10 PTI_DATA
Figure 3.6. Mini Simplicity Connector
Table 3.4. Mini Simplicity Connector Pin Descriptions
Pin Number Function Description
1 VAEM Target voltage on the debugged application. Supplied and monitored by the AEM
when power selection switch is in the "AEM" position.
2 GND Ground
3 RST Reset
4 VCOM_RX Virtual COM Rx
5 VCOM_TX Virtual COM Tx
6 SWO Serial Wire Output
7 SWDIO Serial Wire Data
8 SWCLK Serial Wire Clock
9 PTI_FRAME Packet Trace Frame Signal
10 PTI_DATA Packet Trace Data Signal
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4. Power Supply and Reset
4.1 Radio Board Power Selection
The EFR32 on a Wireless Starter Kit can be powered by one of these sources:
• The debug USB cable
• A 3 V coin cell battery
• A USB regulator on the radio board (for devices with USB support only)
The power source for the radio board is selected with the slide switch in the lower left corner of the Wireless STK Mainboard. The figure
below shows how the different power sources can be selected with the slide switch.
VMCU
AEM
USB
BAT
USB Mini-B
Connector
Advanced
Energy
Monitor
3 V Lithium Battery
(CR2032)
BAT
USB
AEM
LDO
EFR32
5 V 3.3 V
Figure 4.1. Power Switch
With the switch in the AEM position, a low noise 3.3 V LDO on the mainboard is used to power the radio board. This LDO is again
powered from the debug USB cable. The AEM is now also connected in series, allowing accurate high speed current measurements
and energy debugging/profiling.
With the switch in the USB position, radio boards with USB-support can be powered by a regulator on the radio board itself. BRD4206A
does not contain a USB regulator, and setting the switch in the USB position will cause the EFR32 to be unpowered.
Finally, with the switch in the BAT position, a 20 mm coin cell battery in the CR2032 socket can be used to power the device. With the
switch in this position, no current measurements are active. This is the recommended switch position when powering the radio board
with an external power source.
Note: The current sourcing capabilities of a coin cell battery might be too low to supply certain wireless applications.
Note: The AEM can only measure the current consumption of the EFR32 when the power selection switch is in the AEM position.
4.2 Board Controller Power
The board controller is responsible for important features, such as the debugger and the AEM, and is powered exclusively through the
USB port in the top left corner of the board. This part of the kit resides on a separate power domain, so a different power source can be
selected for the target device while retaining debugging functionality. This power domain is also isolated to prevent current leakage
from the target power domain when power to the board controller is removed.
The board controller power domain is not influenced by the position of the power switch.
The kit has been carefully designed to keep the board controller and the target power domains isolated from each other as one of them
powers down. This ensures that the target EFR32 device will continue to operate in the USB and BAT modes.
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4.3 EFR32 Reset
The EFR32 Wireless SoC can be reset by a few different sources:
•A user pressing the RESET button
• The on-board debugger pulling the #RESET pin low
• An external debugger pulling the #RESET pin low
In addition to the reset sources mentioned above, a reset to the EFR32 will also be issued during board controller boot-up. This means
that removing power to the board controller (unplugging the J-Link USB cable) will not generate a reset, but plugging the cable back in
will, as the board controller boots up.
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5. Peripherals
The starter kit has a set of peripherals that showcase some of the features of the EFR32.
Note that most EFR32 I/O routed to peripherals are also routed to the breakout pads or the EXP header, which must be taken into
consideration when using these.
5.1 Push Buttons and LEDs
The kit has two user push buttons marked BTN0 and BTN1. They are connected directly to the EFR32 and are debounced by RC filters
with a time constant of 1 ms. The buttons are connected to pins PD15 and PB11.
The kit also features two yellow LEDs marked LED0 and LED1 that are controlled by GPIO pins on the EFR32. The LEDs are connec-
ted to pins PD13 and PF3 in an active-high configuration.
PF3 (GPIO)
User Buttons
& LEDs
UIF_LED0
UIF_LED1
UIF_PB0
UIF_PB1
PD15 (GPIO)
PB11 (GPIO)
PD13 (GPIO)
EFR32
Figure 5.1. Buttons and LEDs
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5.2 Virtual COM Port
An asynchronous serial connection to the board controller is provided for application data transfer between a host PC and the target
EFR32. This eliminates the need for an external serial port adapter.
VCOM_ENABLE
PA0 (US0_TX#0)
PA1 (US0_RX#0)
PD14 (GPIO)
VCOM_RX
VCOM_TX
Board
Controller
EFR32
USB Host
PC
Isolation & Level Shift
NC
NC
VCOM_CTS
VCOM_RTS
ETH
or
Figure 5.2. Virtual COM Port Interface
The virtual COM port consists of a physical UART between the target device and the board controller, and a logical function in the
board controller that makes the serial port available to the host PC over USB or Ethernet. The UART interface consists of four pins and
an enable signal.
Table 5.1. Virtual COM Port Interface Pins
Signal Description
VCOM_TX Transmit data from the EFR32 to the board controller
VCOM_RX Receive data from the board controller to the EFR32
VCOM_CTS Clear to Send hardware flow control input, asserted by the board controller when it is ready to receive more data
VCOM_RTS Request to Send hardware flow control output, asserted by the EFR32 when it is ready to receive more data
VCOM_ENABLE Enables the VCOM interface, allowing data to pass through to the board controller
The parameters of the serial port, such as baud rate or flow control, can be configured using the admin console. The default settings
depend on which radio board is used with the Wireless STK Mainboard.
Note: The VCOM port is only available when the board controller is powered, which requires the J-Link USB cable to be inserted.
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5.2.1 Host Interfaces
Data can be exchanged between the board controller and the target device through the VCOM interface, which is then available to the
user in two different ways:
• Virtual COM port using a standard USB-CDC driver
• TCP/IP by connecting to the Wireless STK on TCP/IP port 4901 with a Telnet client
When connecting via USB, the device should automatically show up as a COM port. The actual device name that is associated with the
kit depends on the operating system and how many devices are or have been connected previously. The following are examples of
what the device might show up as:
• JLink CDC UART Port (COM5) on Windows hosts
• /dev/cu.usbmodem1411 on macOS
• /dev/ttyACM0 on Linux
Data sent by the target device into the VCOM interface can be read from the COM port, and data written to the port is transmitted to the
target device. Connecting to the Wireless STK on port 4901 gives access to the same data over TCP/IP. Data written into the VCOM
interface by the target device can be read from the socket, and data written into the socket is transmitted to the target device.
Note: Only one of these interfaces can be used at the same time, with the TCP/IP socket taking priority. This means that if a socket is
connected to port 4901, no data can be sent or received on the USB COM port.
5.2.2 Serial Configuration
By default, the VCOM serial port is configured to use 115200 8N1 (115.2 kbit/s, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit), with flow control disabled/ignor-
ed. The configuration can be changed using the admin console:
WSTK> serial vcom config
Usage: serial vcom config [--nostore] [handshake <rts/cts/rtscts/disable/auto>] [speed <9600,921600>]
Using this command, the baud rate can be configured between 9600 and 921600 bit/s, and hardware handshake can be enabled or
disabled on either or both flow control pins.
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5.2.3 Hardware Handshake
The VCOM peripheral supports basic RTS/CTS flow control.
VCOM_CTS (target clear to send) is a signal that is output from the board controller and input to the target device. The board controller
de-asserts this pin whenever its input buffer is full and it is unable to accept more data from the target device. If hardware handshake is
enabled in the target firmware, its UART peripheral will halt when data is not being consumed by the host. This implements end-to-end
flow control for data moving from the target device to the host.
VCOM_CTS is connected to the RTS pin on the board controller and is enabled by setting handshake to either RTS or RTSCTS using
the "serial vcom config" command.
VCOM_RTS (target request to send) is a signal that is output from the target device and input to the board controller. The board con-
troller will halt transmission of data towards the target if the target device de-asserts this signal. This gives the target firmware a means
to hold off incoming data until it can be processed. Note that de-asserting RTS will not abort the byte currently being transmitted, so the
target firmware must be able to accept at least one more character after RTS is de-asserted.
VCOM_RTS is connected to the CTS pin of the board controller. It is enabled by setting handshake to either CTS or RTSCTS using the
"serial vcom config" command in the admin console. If CTS flow control is disabled, the state of VCOM_RTS will be ignored and data
will be transmitted to the target device anyway.
Table 5.2. Hardware Handshake Configuration
Mode Description
disabled RTS (VCOM_CTS) is not driven by the board controller and CTS (VCOM_RTS) is ignored.
rts RTS (VCOM_CTS) is driven by the board controller to halt target from transmitting when input buffer is full. CTS
(VCOM_RTS) is ignored.
cts RTS (VCOM_CTS) is not driven by the board controller. Data is transmitted to the target device if CTS
(VCOM_RTS) is asserted and halted when de-asserted.
rtscts RTS (VCOM_CTS) is driven by the board controller to halt target when buffers are full. Data is transmitted to the
target device if CTS (VCOM_RTS) is asserted and halted when de-asserted.
Note: Enabling CTS flow control without configuring the VCOM_RTS pin can result in no data being transmitted from the host to the
target device.
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6. Board Controller
The Wireless STK Mainboard contains a dedicated microcontroller for some of the advanced kit features provided. This microcontroller
is referred to as the board controller and is not programmable by the user. The board controller acts as an interface between the host
PC and the target device on the radio board, as well as handling some housekeeping functions on the board.
Some of the kit features actively managed by the board controller are
• The on-board debugger, which can flash and debug both on-board and external targets.
• The Advanced Energy Monitor, which provides real-time energy profiling of the user application.
• The Packet Trace Interface, which is used in conjunction with PC software to provide detailed insight into an active radio network.
• The Virtual COM Port and Virtual UART interfaces, which provide ways to transfer application data between the host PC and the
target processor.
• The admin console, which provides configuration of the various board features.
Silicon Labs publishes updates to the board controller firmware in the form of firmware upgrade packages. These updates may enable
new features or fix issues. See Section 9.1 Firmware Upgrades for details on firmware upgrade.
6.1 Admin Console
The admin console is a command line interface to the board controller on the kit. It provides functionality for configuring the kit behavior
and retrieving configuration and operational parameters.
6.1.1 Connecting
The Wireless Starter Kit must be connected to Ethernet using the Ethernet connector in the top left corner of the mainboard for the
admin console to be available. See Section 8.1.2 Ethernet Interface for details on the Ethernet connectivity.
Connect to the admin console by opening a telnet connection to the kit's IP address, port number 4902.
When successfully connected, a WSTK> prompt is displayed.
6.1.2 Built-in Help
The admin console has a built-in help system which is accessed by the help command. The help command will print a list of all top
level commands:
WSTK> help
*************** Root commands ****************
aem AEM commands [ calibrate, current, dump, ... ]
boardid Commands for board ID probe. [ list, probe ]
dbg Debug interface status and control [ info, mode,]
dch Datachannel control and info commands [ info ]
discovery Discovery service commands.
net Network commands. [ dnslookup, geoprobe, ip ]
pti Packet trace interface status and control [ config, disable, dump, ... ]
quit Exit from shell
sys System commands [ nickname, reset, scratch, ... ]
target Target commands. [ button, flashwrite, go, ... ]
time Time Service commands [ client, server ]
user User management functions [ login,]
The help command can be used in conjunction with any top level command to get a list of sub-commands with descriptions. For exam-
ple, pti help will print a list of all available sub-commands of pti:
WSTK> pti help
*************** pti commands ****************
config Configure packet trace
disable Disable packet trace
dump Dump PTI packets to the console as they come
enable Enable packet trace
info Packet trace state information
This means that running pti enable will enable packet trace.
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