Solmetric PVA-600 User manual

Solmetric PVA-600
PV Analyzer
User‘s Guide

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© Copyright Solmetric Corporation, 2010
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or
translation without prior written permission is prohibited,
except as allowed under copyright laws.
Part No. 600-90001
Version 1.0.2985.0
December 2010
Printed in USA
Solmetric Corporation
www.solmetric.com
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
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iii
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iv
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Contents
1INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 1-1
OVERVIEW............................................................................................................................................................. 1-1
COMPUTER MINIMUM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................... 1-2
PVA-600 EQUIPMENT............................................................................................................................................ 1-2
PVA-600 SPECIFICATIONS..................................................................................................................................... 1-3
Electrical Specifications ................................................................................................................................... 1-3
Mechanical Specifications ................................................................................................................................ 1-4
PVA SENSOR KIT EQUIPMENT (OPTIONAL)........................................................................................................... 1-4
PVA SENSOR KIT SPECIFICATIONS (OPTIONAL) .................................................................................................... 1-5
SAFETY AND REGULATORY.................................................................................................................................... 1-6
Warnings, Cautions, and Notes......................................................................................................................... 1-6
Declaration of Conformity................................................................................................................................ 1-6
Cleaning............................................................................................................................................................ 1-6
Instrument Markings......................................................................................................................................... 1-7
2GETTING STARTED.................................................................................................................................... 2-1
PRECAUTIONS ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-1
PV Connectors.................................................................................................................................................. 2-1
PV/Electrical Safety Precautions...................................................................................................................... 2-1
Battery Precautions .......................................................................................................................................... 2-3
Measuring High-Efficiency PV Modules ........................................................................................................ 2-3
UNDERSTANDING THE PVA-600............................................................................................................................ 2-3
Application Overview........................................................................................................................................ 2-3
I-V Measurements............................................................................................................................................. 2-4
Logging Mode................................................................................................................................................... 2-4
PV Models......................................................................................................................................................... 2-4
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE................................................................................................................................... 2-5
Hardware Installation....................................................................................................................................... 2-5
Software Installation......................................................................................................................................... 2-5
SPECIAL XP OPERATING SYSTEM INSTRUCTIONS .................................................................................................. 2-6
INSTALLING DRIVERS FOR THE OPTIONAL PVA SENSOR KIT................................................................................. 2-7
CHARGING THE BATTERY ...................................................................................................................................... 2-7
3USING THE PVA-600.................................................................................................................................... 3-1
SYSTEM CONTROLS AND SETTINGS........................................................................................................................ 3-1
PVA-600 States ................................................................................................................................................. 3-1
SETTING UP THE PVA-600..................................................................................................................................... 3-3
SETTING UP THE OPTIONAL PVA SENSOR KIT ...................................................................................................... 3-4
CONNECTING TO THE SOLAR PV EQUIPMENT ........................................................................................................ 3-5
POWERING-UP THE I-V MEASUREMENT UNIT........................................................................................................ 3-7
I-V MEASUREMENTS.............................................................................................................................................. 3-7
SWEEP DISABLED................................................................................................................................................... 3-8

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OVER-TEMPERATURE PROTECTION ....................................................................................................................... 3-8
Thermal Shutdown............................................................................................................................................ 3-8
Operating Under High-Temperature Conditions.............................................................................................. 3-9
OVER-VOLTAGE PROTECTION ............................................................................................................................... 3-9
OVER-CURRENT PROTECTION................................................................................................................................ 3-9
REVERSE POLARITY PROTECTION........................................................................................................................ 3-10
4USING THE PVA-600 SOFTWARE............................................................................................................ 4-1
MAIN SCREEN OVERVIEW...................................................................................................................................... 4-1
TITLE BAR ............................................................................................................................................................. 4-2
MENU BAR............................................................................................................................................................. 4-2
File Menu.......................................................................................................................................................... 4-2
Model Menu...................................................................................................................................................... 4-2
Utility Menu...................................................................................................................................................... 4-6
Help Menu ........................................................................................................................................................ 4-7
TABS...................................................................................................................................................................... 4-7
Table Tab.......................................................................................................................................................... 4-7
Traces Tab ...................................................................................................................................................... 4-10
Verify Tab ....................................................................................................................................................... 4-11
Logging Tab.................................................................................................................................................... 4-13
Sensors Tab..................................................................................................................................................... 4-14
SETTING UP A NEW MODEL................................................................................................................................. 4-15
Start the PVA-600 Software............................................................................................................................ 4-15
Enter the Name and Notes .............................................................................................................................. 4-16
Enter Latitude, Longitude, and Time Zone ..................................................................................................... 4-16
Select the Modules and Enter String Information........................................................................................... 4-18
Select an Inverter............................................................................................................................................ 4-20
Select Wire Gauge and Enter Wire Length..................................................................................................... 4-21
Select the Sensor Methods .............................................................................................................................. 4-22
Enter Array Slope and Azimuth ...................................................................................................................... 4-23
COPYING AN EXISTING MODEL FILE.................................................................................................................... 4-24
MAKING MEASUREMENTS ................................................................................................................................... 4-25
SAVING DATA TO A DIRECTORY TREE................................................................................................................. 4-29
SAVING TRACE DATA .......................................................................................................................................... 4-30
USING SNAPSHOT................................................................................................................................................. 4-31
SAVING A SCREEN IMAGE .................................................................................................................................... 4-31
VIEWING AND ANALYZING YOUR DATA.............................................................................................................. 4-32
SETTING UP DATA LOGGING MODE..................................................................................................................... 4-34
VIEWING AND ANALYZING LOGGING DATA ........................................................................................................ 4-36
TROUBLESHOOTING PVA-600 OPERATION.......................................................................................................... 4-37
5INTERPRETING MEASURED I-V CURVES............................................................................................ 5-1
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................... 5-1
INPUTS TO THE PV MODEL..................................................................................................................................... 5-1
I-V CURVE TERMINOLOGY .................................................................................................................................... 5-2
THE SHAPE OF A NORMAL I-V CURVE ................................................................................................................... 5-3
INTERPRETING I-V CURVES ................................................................................................................................... 5-4
1. THE MEASURED I-V CURVE SHOWS HIGHER OR LOWER CURRENT THAN PREDICTED........................................ 5-6
PV Array Is Soiled ............................................................................................................................................ 5-7

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PV Modules Are Degraded............................................................................................................................... 5-7
Incorrect PV Module Is Selected for the Model................................................................................................ 5-7
Number of PV Strings in Parallel Is Not Entered Correctly in the Model........................................................ 5-7
Irradiance Changed Between Irradiance and I-V Measurements .................................................................... 5-7
Irradiance Sensor Is Oriented Incorrectly........................................................................................................ 5-7
Irradiance Sensor Calibration Factor Is Entered Incorrectly.......................................................................... 5-8
Reflections Contribute Additional Irradiance................................................................................................... 5-8
Irradiance Is Too Low, or the Sun Is Too Close to the Horizon ....................................................................... 5-8
Manual Irradiance Sensor Is Not Well Calibrated ........................................................................................... 5-8
2. THE SLOPE OF THE CURVE NEAR ISC DOES NOT MATCH THE PREDICTION ........................................................ 5-9
Shunt Paths Exist In PV Cells or Modules...................................................................................................... 5-10
Module Isc Mismatch...................................................................................................................................... 5-10
3. THE SLOPE OF THE CURVE NEAR VOC DOES NOT MATCH THE PREDICTION .................................................... 5-11
PV Wiring Has Excess Resistance or Is Insufficiently Sized........................................................................... 5-12
Electrical Interconnections in the Array Are Resistive................................................................................... 5-12
Series Resistance of PV Modules Has Increased............................................................................................ 5-12
4. THE I-V CURVE HAS NOTCHES OR STEPS ........................................................................................................ 5-13
Array Is Partially Shaded ............................................................................................................................... 5-15
PV Cells Are Damaged................................................................................................................................... 5-15
Cell String Conductor Is Short Circuited........................................................................................................ 5-15
5. THE I-V CURVE HAS A HIGHER OR LOWER VOC VALUE THAN PREDICTED ..................................................... 5-16
PV Cell Temperature Is Different than the Modeled Temperature................................................................. 5-16
One or More Cells or Modules Are Completely Shaded................................................................................. 5-17
One or More Bypass Diodes Are Conducting or Shorted............................................................................... 5-17
Figures
FIGURE 1. WELCOME SCREEN..................................................................................................................................... 2-5
FIGURE 2. DIRECTORY STRUCTURE OF PVA-600 SOFTWARE...................................................................................... 2-5
FIGURE 3. LAUNCHING THE PVA-600 SOFTWARE ...................................................................................................... 2-6
FIGURE 4. PVA-600 SOFTWARE USER INTERFACE ...................................................................................................... 2-6
FIGURE 5. BATTERY CHARGER CONNECTOR ON THE PVA-600................................................................................... 2-7
FIGURE 6. LED-ILLUMINATED BUTTON SWITCH......................................................................................................... 3-1
FIGURE 7. PVA SENSOR KIT ...................................................................................................................................... 3-4
FIGURE 8. EXAMPLE OF PVA-600 TEST LEADS CLIPPED TO THE BUSS BARS OF A PV COMBINER BOX ........................ 3-6
FIGURE 9. POWERING-UP THE I-V MEASUREMENT UNIT............................................................................................ 3-7
FIGURE 10. PVA-600 MAIN SCREEN........................................................................................................................... 4-1
FIGURE 11. TABLE TAB............................................................................................................................................... 4-7
FIGURE 12. TRACES TAB........................................................................................................................................... 4-10
FIGURE 13. VERIFY TAB ........................................................................................................................................... 4-12
FIGURE 14. LOGGING TAB ........................................................................................................................................ 4-13
FIGURE 15. SENSORS TAB......................................................................................................................................... 4-14
FIGURE 16. TABLE SCREEN....................................................................................................................................... 4-15
FIGURE 17. MODEL SCREEN...................................................................................................................................... 4-16
FIGURE 18. LOCATION SCREEN................................................................................................................................. 4-16
FIGURE 19. MODULES/STRING SCREEN .................................................................................................................... 4-18
FIGURE 20. CHANGE…MODULE SCREEN ................................................................................................................. 4-18
FIGURE 21. MODULE PROPERTY AND VALUE COLUMNS........................................................................................... 4-19

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FIGURE 22. SIMPLE PERFORMANCE MODEL .............................................................................................................. 4-19
FIGURE 23. INVERTER SCREEN.................................................................................................................................. 4-20
FIGURE 24. CHANGE…INVERTER SCREEN ............................................................................................................... 4-20
FIGURE 25. INVERTER DESCRIPTION AND VALUE COLUMNS .................................................................................... 4-21
FIGURE 26. WIRING SCREEN..................................................................................................................................... 4-21
FIGURE 27. CONTROLS FOR DERIVING THE IRRADIANCE AND/OR TEMPERATURE FROM MEASURED I-V CURVE (ARRAY-
AS-SENSOR METHOD).............................................................................................................................. 4-22
FIGURE 28. CONTROLS FOR ENTERING IRRADIANCE AND/OR TEMPERATURE MANUALLY ......................................... 4-22
FIGURE 29. CONTROLS FOR MEASURING IRRADIANCE AND/OR TEMPERATURE AUTOMATICALLY USING WIRELESS
SENSORS ................................................................................................................................................. 4-23
FIGURE 30. ARRAY PLANE SCREEN .......................................................................................................................... 4-24
FIGURE 31. COPYING A MODEL FILE ......................................................................................................................... 4-24
FIGURE 32. OPEN A MODEL FILE .............................................................................................................................. 4-26
FIGURE 33. TURN ON THE I-V MEASUREMENT UNIT ................................................................................................ 4-26
FIGURE 34. IRRADIANCE AND TEMPERATURE COMMUNICATION STATUS.................................................................. 4-27
FIGURE 35. PREDICTED/MEASURED COLUMNS IN TABLE TAB .................................................................................. 4-28
FIGURE 36. I-V AND P-V GRAPHS............................................................................................................................. 4-28
FIGURE 37. PERFORMANCE FACTOR VALUE ............................................................................................................. 4-29
FIGURE 38. CREATING A DIRECTORY TREE ............................................................................................................... 4-30
FIGURE 39. SNAPSHOT TABLE................................................................................................................................... 4-31
FIGURE 40. TRACE DATA.......................................................................................................................................... 4-32
FIGURE 41. PREDICTED CURRENT,VOLTAGE,AND MAXIMUM POWER POINTS........................................................... 4-33
FIGURE 42. LOGGING SCREEN................................................................................................................................... 4-34
FIGURE 43. START LOGGING SCREEN ....................................................................................................................... 4-35
FIGURE 44. LOGGING DATA...................................................................................................................................... 4-36
FIGURE 45. THE FILL FACTOR IS DEFINED AS IMP X VMP (THE GRAY AREA)DIVIDED BY ISC X VOC (THE CROSS-
HATCHED AREA)....................................................................................................................................... 5-2
FIGURE 46. EFFECT OF SERIES AND SHUNT LOSSES ON THE SHAPE OF THE I-V CURVE ................................................ 5-3
FIGURE 47. ANORMAL I-V CURVE FOR THE PARALLEL COMBINATION OF TWO STRINGS OF EIGHT 175-WATT MODULES,
SHOWING CONFORMANCE WITH FIVE POINTS PREDICTED BY THE PV MODEL............................................ 5-3
FIGURE 48. EXAMPLE OF A MEASURED I-V CURVE THAT SHOWS HIGHER CURRENT THAN PREDICTED........................ 5-6
FIGURE 49. AN I-V CURVE SHOWING MORE SLOPE THAN EXPECTED IN THE REGION ABOVE ISC................................. 5-9
FIGURE 50. AN I-V CURVE IN WHICH THE SLOPE OF THE MEASURED I-V CURVE NEAR VOC DOES NOT MATCH THE
PREDICTED SLOPE ................................................................................................................................... 5-11
FIGURE 51. THE EFFECT OF PARTIAL SHADING ON TWO PARALLELED STRINGS OF EIGHT 175-WATT MODULES ........ 5-13
FIGURE 52. THE SHADING IMPACT OF PLACING A BUSINESS CARD ON A SINGLE CELL IN A STRING OF FIFTEEN 180-WATT
MODULES................................................................................................................................................ 5-13
FIGURE 53. THE EFFECT OF INTENTIONALLY SHADING ENTIRE MODULES IN DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS,IN TWO
PARALLEL-CONNECTED STRINGS ............................................................................................................ 5-14
FIGURE 54. EXAMPLE OF AN I-V CURVE WITH LOWER VOC VALUE THAN PREDICTED .............................................. 5-16

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Tables
TABLE 1. PVA-600 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................................................... 1-3
TABLE 2. PVA-600 MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS .................................................................................................... 1-4
TABLE 3. PVA SENSOR KIT TEMPERATURE SPECIFICATIONS...................................................................................... 1-5
TABLE 4. PVA SENSOR KIT IRRADIANCE SPECIFICATIONS ......................................................................................... 1-5
TABLE 5. PVA-600 STATES........................................................................................................................................ 3-2
TABLE 6. FILE MENU DESCRIPTION............................................................................................................................. 4-2
TABLE 7. MODEL MENU DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................................ 4-2
TABLE 8. UTILITY MENU DESCRIPTION....................................................................................................................... 4-6
TABLE 9. HELP MENU DESCRIPTION............................................................................................................................ 4-7
TABLE 10. TABLE TAB DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................................................... 4-8
TABLE 11. TRACES TAB DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................................... 4-11
TABLE 12. VERIFY TAB DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................... 4-12
TABLE 13. LOGGING TAB DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................... 4-14
TABLE 14. SENSORS TAB DESCRIPTION..................................................................................................................... 4-15
TABLE 15. TIME ZONES ............................................................................................................................................ 4-17

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1 Introduction
1-1
1Introduction
Overview
The PVA-600 PV Analyzer is a portable test instrument designed to measure the current-
voltage (I-V) curves of PV modules and strings and immediately compare the results to
on-board PV model predictions. Measurement results are easily saved for future reference
and analysis.
The current-voltage (I-V) curve of a PV module, string, or array provides a detailed
description of its energy collecting ability. The curve ranges from the short circuit current
(Isc) at zero volts, to the open circuit voltage (Voc) at zero current. At the ‗knee‘ of a
normal I-V curve are the maximum power current and voltage (Imp, Vmp), the point at
which the array generates maximum electrical power. All of these important voltages and
currents are captured when the I-V curve is measured. The detailed shape of the curve
between these points gives additional information about the health of the PV module,
string, or array under test.
The value of a measured I-V curve is greatly increased when it can be compared with a
predicted I-V curve derived from an accurate PV model. Models take into account the
specifications of the PV modules, the number of modules in series and strings in parallel,
and the losses in system wiring. Other data used by the models include the irradiance in
the plane of the array, the module temperature, and array orientation.

1 Introduction
1-2
Computer Minimum System Requirements
Test and Supported Operating System: Windows 7® (32 and 64 bit versions),
Windows Vista® (32 bit versions only), Windows XP® SP3
Two USB Ports (or one USB port if wireless sensors will not be used)
Display Resolution: 1024 X 600 (minimum)
Processor Speed: >700 MHz
RAM: >500 Mbytes
Available Disc Space: 100 Mbytes or more
Systems that do not meet these requirements may not operate correctly.
PVA-600 Equipment
I-V Measurement Unit
Soft Case
Wireless USB Adapter and PVA-600 Software Application
Battery Charger
MC-4 to MC-4 Connector-Saver Cable (2)
MC-4 to MC-3 Adapter Cable (2)
User‘s Guide (on Installation DVD)
Quick Start Guide

1 Introduction
1-3
PVA-600 Specifications
Electrical Specifications
Safety Rating: Measuring Category CATIII 600V.
Table 1. PVA-600 electrical specifications
Parameter
Specification
Current Measurement Range1
0 to 20 A dc
Voltage Measurement Range
0 to 600 V dc
Minimum Voc
20 V dc
Minimum Isc
1 A dc
Wireless Communications Range
10 m (industrial building walls) to 75 m (open
range)
Measurement Sweep Time2
80 ms to 240 ms
Measurement Points per Trace (typical)
100
PV Models
Sandia (>420 modules)
5-Parameter (>1760 modules)
Simple Datasheet Model (user enters datasheet
values)
Battery Life
≈20 hours (normal use)
Charging Time
6 hours
Operating Temperature
+0º C to +50º C
Storage Temperature
-20º C to +60º C
Operating Humidity
The normal humidity range is 80% relative
humidity for temperatures up to 31ºC,
decreasing linearly to 50% at 40ºC. Higher
humidity levels should not affect the
performance or safety of the PVA-600.
1 Conventional PV modules and strings may be measured in parallel, up to the current
limit specified here. High-efficiency modules should NOT be measured in parallel.
2 Automatically selected. Measurement sweep time depends upon the characteristics of
the test device (PV module, string, or array).

1 Introduction
1-4
Mechanical Specifications
Table 2. PVA-600 mechanical specifications
Parameter
Specification
PV Connectors1
MC-4
Weight
9.2 lbs (not including weight of the soft case)
Height
15 in
Width
8 in
Depth
5 in
1 At ends of the primary test leads permanently attached to the I-V Measurement Unit.
PVA Sensor Kit Equipment (Optional)
Irradiance Sensor
Temperature Sensor
5-Pack of Replacement Temperature Sensors
Wireless USB Adapter
Transmitter (irradiance)
Transmitter (temperature)
Case
Rechargeable AAA batteries and battery charger

1 Introduction
1-5
PVA Sensor Kit Specifications (Optional)
Table 3. PVA Sensor Kit temperature specifications
Parameter
Specification
Thermocouple Type
K
Range
-100º C to 1260º C (-148º F to 2300º F)
Resolution
1º C
Accuracy (greater of)
±0.5% of rdg or ±1.0º C (1.8 º F)
Table 4. PVA Sensor Kit irradiance specifications
Parameter
Specification
Sensor Type
Silicon Solar Cell
Angle of Incidence Effect
Typically < 1% if AOI is less than 60 degrees from
normal
Temperature Effect
Typically < ±2.7% variation over -20º C to +70º C
Uncertainty Contributed by Wireless Link
±0.5% or reading
Uncertainty from Time Lead or Lag in
Reading Irradiance Sensor
0.5% to > 5% depending on atmospheric conditions

1 Introduction
1-6
Safety and Regulatory
Warnings, Cautions, and Notes
Before operating the PVA-600, familiarize yourself with the following notations.
WARNING A Warning calls attention to a procedure, which, if not performed correctly, could
result in personal injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning note until
the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
CAUTION A Caution calls attention to a procedure that, if not performed correctly, could result in
damage to, or destruction of, the instrument. Do not proceed beyond a caution note until
the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
NOTE A Note provides important or special information.
Declaration of Conformity
A declaration of conformity is available upon request.
Cleaning
To remove dirt or dust from the external case and/or hard enclosure of the PVA-600, use
a dry or slightly dampened cloth only.
WARNING To prevent electrical shock, disconnect the PVA-600 from the PV system and/or
battery charger before cleaning. Use only a dry cloth or cloth slightly dampened
with water to clean the external case and hard enclosure parts. Do not attempt to
clean internally.

1 Introduction
1-7
Instrument Markings
The PVA-600 has the following markings on the front and/or rear panel. Familiarize
yourself with these markings before operating the PVA-600.
The instruction manual symbol. The product is marked with this
symbol when it is necessary for you to refer to instructions in the
manual.
Compliance pending. The TUV mark indicates compliance with
USA/EU safety regulations.
Compliance pending. This symbol indicates compliance with the
requirements of CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1, 2nd edition, including
Amendment 1. This product has been tested to the requirements of
CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 61010-1, second edition, including Amendment
1, or a later version of the same standard incorporating the same level
of testing requirements
This symbol indicates separate collection for electrical and electronic
equipment, mandated under EU law as of August 13, 2005. All
electrical and electronic equipment are required to be separated from
normal waste for disposal. (Reference WEEE Directive, 2002/96/EC.)
The IEC HV symbol indicates the presence of hazardous voltages.
Danger exists of electrical shock that can cause severe injury or death.
This symbol marks the position of the power switch.

1 Introduction
1-8
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2 Getting Started
2-1
2Getting Started
Precautions
PV Connectors
PV connectors, regardless of manufacturer, are not designed for large numbers of
connections/disconnections. For this reason, the PVA-600 is shipped with connector-
saver jumpers attached to its primary test leads. These short jumpers are sacrificial. PV
devices under test (modules, strings, or arrays), extension cables, and clip leads are
always connected to the connector-saver jumpers, extending the life of the primary PV
connectors. When the lifetime of the connector-saver jumper has been reached, it should
be replaced, cut in half to prevent re-use, and recycled. With the use of connector-saver
jumpers, the life of the primary test leads of the PVA-600 should be extended to 5,000 to
10,000 connections.
PV/Electrical Safety Precautions
Installed PV systems are not consistent in design or construction. Therefore the guidance
provided in this section is general in nature, and it is critical that the user apply
techniques and precautions appropriate to the circumstances, following best PV/electrical
safety precautions.
WARNING The information below is important but not necessarily complete; the operator must
assess the potential dangers of each PV system, and take appropriate precautions.
FAILURE TO TAKE APPROPRIATE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS COULD LEAD
TO PERSONAL INJURY OR LOSS OF LIFE.
Avoid working alone.
Do not use the PVA-600 in wet environments.
Do not operate or subject the PVA-600 to temperatures beyond the published
operating and storage temperature specifications.
Wear electrical safety gloves.
Wear eye protection.
Wear fall protection where required.

2 Getting Started
2-2
Assume that metal surfaces are energized unless proven otherwise.
Isolate the PV source circuit under test from the inverter, and from other PV source
circuits, before making any connections to the test device (PV module, string, or
array).
Always pause the measurement sequence using the LED-illuminated pushbutton
switch on the I-V unit before connecting or disconnecting the test leads of the PVA-
600.
Do not use the PVA-600 to test devices that produce more than the instrument‘s
specified maximum current and voltage.
Connect the test leads to the test device (PV module, string, or array) with the correct
polarity.
Protect the primary test lead connectors of the PVA-600 by installing connector-
saver jumpers. Replace the connector-saver jumpers when they have reached 100
connections.
Make sure that user-provided cables or clip leads used to extend the test leads of the
PVA-600 are rated to safely handle the PVA-600‘s specified maximum current and
voltage.
When using probes or clip leads, they should be of the insulated type with minimal
exposed metal. Keep your fingers behind the insulating finger guards.
WARNING Do not remove instrument covers. There are no user serviceable parts within.
Operation of the instrument in a manner not specified by Solmetric may result in
personal injury or loss of life.
Do not use the I-V Measurement Unit if it is damaged. Always inspect for damage
before using.
Inspect primary test leads and connectors for damage before using. Do not use if
damaged.
Do not use the I-V Measurement Unit if it is performing abnormally. Contact
Solmetric for guidance or return the I-V Measurement Unit to the factory for service.