ST P-NUCLEO-LRWAN2 User manual

Introduction
This user manual describes how to get started with the P-NUCLEO-LRWAN2 and P-NUCLEO-LRWAN3 starter packs.
Hardware and software setups are discussed in detail, together with the setup of supported network and application servers.
The P-NUCLEO-LRWAN2 starter pack supports the higher frequency bands (868 MHz and 915 MHz). It includes:
•A sensor node based on STMicroelectronics NUCLEO-L073RZ Nucleo board and USI® I-NUCLEO-LRWAN1 LoRa®
expansion board with antenna
•A LoRaWAN® gateway based on STMicroelectronics NUCLEO-F746ZG Nucleo board and RisingHF LRWAN_GS_HF1
expansion board with antenna
The P-NUCLEO-LRWAN3 starter pack supports the lower frequency bands (433 MHz and 470 MHz). It includes:
•A sensor node based on STMicroelectronics NUCLEO-L073RZ Nucleo board and RisingHF LRWAN_NS1 LoRa®
expansion board
•A LoRaWAN® gateway based on STMicroelectronics NUCLEO-F746ZG Nucleo board and RisingHF LRWAN_GS_LF1
expansion board
• Antennas
This user manual also describes the I-CUBE-LRWAN STM32Cube Expansion Package for the sensor node, and the gateway
binary software.
Figure 1. P-NUCLEO-LRWAN2 and P-NUCLEO-LRWAN3 - LoRaWAN® sensors and gateways
Gateway
Sensor
Gateway
Sensor
P-NUCLEO-LRWAN2 P-NUCLEO-LRWAN3
Pictures are not contractual.
Getting started with the P-NUCLEO-LRWAN2 and P-NUCLEO-LRWAN3
starter packs
UM2587
User manual
UM2587 - Rev 2 - April 2021
For further information contact your local STMicroelectronics sales office.
www.st.com

1P-NUCLEO-LRWAN2 starter pack overview
Figure 2 shows an overview of the P-NUCLEO-LRWAN2 starter pack, which includes a LoRaWAN® sensor
device and gateway as well as the antennas.
Instructions at the back of the insert card guide the users on how to power up and configure the sensor device
and gateway and setup the network.
The starter pack is configured to use the EU868 frequency band with the sensor device in OTAA mode and
the gateway forwarding the packets to Loriot EU1 server. The pack is user configurable by firmware and by AT
commands.
Figure 2. STM32 Nucleo LoRaWAN® development kit (P-NUCLEO-LRWAN2 starter pack)
The antennas in this product are assembled and locked with the boards, which was not the case in earlier
versions. They do not have to be removed by users to comply with FCC regulations. The current product
packaging is adapted to this configuration. Visuals and illustrations in the related technical documents may differ
from the current product version.
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1.1 Sensor hardware overview
The P-NUCLEO-LRWAN2 LoRaWAN® sensor device has the following key features:
Main board
•NUCLEO-L073RZ development board (from STMicroelectronics)
–STM32L073RZT6 Arm® Cortex®-M0+ ultra-low-power MCU at 32 MHz with 192-Kbyte Flash memory,
20-Kbyte SRAM and 6-Kbyte data EEPROM
– 1 user LED
– 1 user and 1 reset push-buttons
– 32.768 kHz crystal oscillator
– On-board ST-LINK/V2-1 debugger/programmer with USB re-enumeration capability: mass storage,
Virtual COM port, and debug port
– Board connectors
◦ Mini-AB USB connector for the ST-LINK
◦ARDUINO® Uno V3 expansion connector
◦ ST morpho extension pin headers for full access to all STM32 I/Os
RF module and sensor expansion board
•I-NUCLEO-LRWAN1 LoRa® HF band (868/915/923 MHz) sensor expansion board (from USI®)
– USI® WM-SG-SM-42 low-power long-range LoRaWAN® module, based on the STM32L052 MCU and
Semtech SX1272 transceiver
– STMicroelectronics HTS221 temperature and humidity sensor
– STMicroelectronics LPS22HB pressure sensor
– STMicroelectronics LSM303AGR accelerometer and gyroscope sensor
Note: Arm is a registered trademark of Arm Limited (or its subsidiaries) in the US and/or elsewhere.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Figure 3 shows the two boards in the P-NUCLEO-LRWAN2 LoRaWAN® sensor device.
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Figure 3. STM32 Nucleo LoRaWAN® sensor device (P-NUCLEO-LRWAN2)
NUCLEO-L073RZ
main board
I-NUCLEO-LRWAN1
expansion board
ST-LINK
Arm® Mbed™
removable
storage
USB VCOM
LSM303AGR
LPS22HB
HTS221
USI® module
Sensors:
STM32L073RZT6
microcontroller
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1.1.1 I-NUCLEO-LRWAN1 LoRa® HF band and sensor expansion board
The I-NUCLEO-LRWAN1 is supplied by a third party (USI®). For complete and latest information, refer to the third
party GitHub page https://github.com/USILoRaModule/USI_I-NUCLEO-LRWAN1.
Figure 4. I-NUCLEO-LRWAN1 block diagram and connectors
XTAL
32 MHz
SX1272
(860 MHz – 1020 MHz)
STM32L052T8Y6
64-Kbyte Flash
8-Kbyte RAM
2-Kbyte EEPROM
SPI1
RESET
DIO 0-4
Antenna
RFI
VR_PA
RF SWITCH
PA_BOOST
U.FL
XTAL
32.768 kHz
ANT TX/RX
ADC 1 – 3
Note: The Nucleo board communicates with the expansion board via the STM32 UART (PA2, PA3). The following
modifications are applied to the Nucleo board:
• SB62 and SB63 are closed
• SB13 and SB14 are opened to disconnect the STM32 UART from ST-LINK
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1.2 Gateway hardware overview
The P-NUCLEO-LRWAN2 LoRaWAN® gateway shown in Section 1.2 has the following key features:
Gateway main board
•NUCLEO-F746ZG development board (from STMicroelectronics)
–STM32F746ZGT6 Arm® Cortex®-M7 high-performance MCU at 216 MHz with 1-Mbyte Flash memory
and 320-Kbyte SRAM
– 3 user LEDs
– 1 user and 1 reset push-buttons
– Ethernet compliant with IEEE-802.3-2002
– USB OTG full speed or device only
– 32.768 kHz crystal oscillator
– On-board ST-LINK/V2-1 debugger/programmer with USB re-enumeration capability: mass storage,
Virtual COM port, and debug port
– Board connectors
◦ Micro-AB USB connector for the ST-LINK
◦ST Zio expansion connector including ARDUINO® Uno V3
◦ ST morpho extension pin headers for full access to all STM32 I/Os
◦ USB with Micro-AB
◦ Ethernet RJ45
Gateway expansion board
• LRWAN_GS_HF1 LoRa® HF band (868/915/923 MHz) gateway expansion board (from RisingHF)
– SX1301/SX1257 HF baseband data concentrator and transceiver
◦ Automatically adaptive to spreading factor from SF12 to SF7 in each of 8 channels
◦ High sensitivity down to -140 dBm at 300 bit/s
◦ 6 dBm output power
◦ Support LoRaWAN® protocol Class A and Class C
◦ Support Semtech packet forwarder
◦ Support DNS and NTP
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Figure 5. STM32 Nucleo LoRaWAN® gateway (P-NUCLEO-LRWAN2)
Gateway additional features
• Programmable parallel demodulation paths
• LoRa® demodulators and 1 GFSK demodulator embedded
• Single +5 V supply
• AT command interface to re-configure the parameters of the gateway
– change frequency plan
– change IP of the gateway
– change MAC address and ID of the gateway
– change network server that supports Semtech packet forwarder
– set to use public server or private server
– change DNS address
– change NTP server address
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1.2.1 Gateway expansion board
The LRWAN_GS_HF1 gateway expansion board shown in Figure 6 is designed by RisingHF (www.risinghf.com).
It includes a Semtech SX1301 digital baseband circuit integrating the LoRa® concentrator, Semtech SX1257 HF
front-end transceiver module, and two SAW filters to achieve a wider bandwidth range (868 MHz to 915 MHz).
The expansion board is controlled by the NUCLEO-F746ZG via the SPI interface.
The gateway expansion board includes also an external +5 V power supply circuitry, which powers both the
gateway expansion board and NUCLEO-F746ZG development board. The NUCLEO-F746ZG is powered via pin
VIN (Pin 15 of connector CN8 on the Nucleo board).
For more details, refer to [3].
Figure 6. Gateway expansion board (P-NUCLEO-LRWAN2)
LF/HF identification
VIN
PF5 – GPIO4
PF10 – GPIO3
USB for external 5 V supply
ANT connector
(with protection cap)
PA5 – SCK (optional)
PA6 – MISO (optional)
PA6 – MOSI (optional)
PD14 – CSN (optional)
PD15 – Band Set1
PE9 – Band Set2
PF12 – RST
PE11 – CSN
PF13 – GPIO0
PF14 – GPIO1
PE13 – MISO
PF15 – GPIO2
PE12 – SCK
PE14 – MOSI
Table 1. P-NUCLEO-LRWAN2 gateway expansion board pins description
Pin name Pin description
VIN Power supply to NUCLEO-F746ZG from external 5 V
PF5/PD12/PC4/PB9 -GPIO4 GPIO4 from SX1301
PF10/PD13/PC5/PB8 -GPIO3 GPIO3 from SX1301
PF15-GPIO2 GPIO2 from SX1301
PF14-GPIO1 GPIO1 from SX1301
PF13-GPIO0 GPIO0 from SX1301
PE11-CSN CSN of SPI for SX1301
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Pin name Pin description
PE13-MISO MISO of SPI for SX1301
PE12-SCK SCK of SPI for SX1301
PE14-MOSI MOSI of SPI for SX1301
PE15-RST Reset for SX1301
PD15-Band Set1 ST Nucleo LoRa GW HF
• PE9=0, PD15=1: Band EU868
• PE9=1, PD15=0: Band US915/AS915/AU915
PE9-Band Set2
PA5-SCK (optional) Backup SCK of SPI for SX1301
(no connection on board in default)
PA6-MISO (optional) Backup MISO of SPI for SX1301
(no connection on board in default)
PA7/PB5-MOSI (optional) Backup MOSI of SPI for SX1301
(no connection on board in default)
PD14-CSN (optional) Backup CSN of SPI for SX1301
(no connection on board in default)
Figure 7 presents the architecture of the LRWAN_GS_HF1 gateway expansion board.
Figure 7. Hardware architectures of the P-NUCLEO-LRWAN2 gateway expansion board
Baseband
SX1301
Transceiver
SX1257
Transceiver
SX1257
LNA
Balun LTCC LPF
SW
SAW
868 MHz
SAW
915 MHz
SW SW
Emission
Legend: Reception
HF specific
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2P-NUCLEO-LRWAN3 starter pack overview
Figure 8 shows an overview of the P-NUCLEO-LRWAN3 starter pack, which includes a LoRaWAN® sensor
device and gateway as well as the antennas.
Instructions at the back of the insert card guide the users on how to power up and configure the sensor device
and gateway and setup the network.
The starter pack is configured to use the CN470Prequel frequency band with the sensor device in OTAA mode
and the gateway forwarding the packets to Loriot CN1 server. The pack is user configurable by firmware and by
AT commands.
Figure 8. STM32 Nucleo LoRaWAN® development kit (P-NUCLEO-LRWAN3 starter pack)
2.1 P-NUCLEO-LRWAN3 starter pack known limitation
The serial number of the NUCLEO-L073RZ MB1136 reference board is indicated on a sticker under the MB1136.
If the number is within the range from A191400001 to A191402004, the board must be updated with a new
firmware before use. Download the last firmware version available at www.st.com/i-cube-lrwan.
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2.2 Sensor hardware overview
The P-NUCLEO-LRWAN3 LoRaWAN® sensor device has the following key features:
Main board
•NUCLEO-L073RZ development board (from STMicroelectronics)
–STM32L073RZT6 Arm® Cortex®-M0+ ultra-low-power MCU at 32 MHz with 192-Kbyte Flash memory,
20-Kbyte SRAM and 6-Kbyte data EEPROM
– 1 user LED
– 1 user and 1 reset push-buttons
– 32.768 kHz crystal oscillator
– On-board ST-LINK/V2-1 debugger/programmer with USB re-enumeration capability: mass storage,
Virtual COM port, and debug port
– Board connectors
◦ Mini-AB USB connector for the ST-LINK
◦ARDUINO® Uno V3 expansion connector
◦ ST morpho extension pin headers for full access to all STM32 I/Os
RF module and sensor expansion board
•LRWAN_NS1 LoRa® LF band (433/470 MHz) sensor expansion board (from RisingHF)
– RisingHF RHF0M003-LF20 low-power long-range LoRaWAN® module, based on the STM32L071
MCU and Semtech SX1278 transceiver
◦ High sensitivity down to -137 dBm
◦ 14 dBm to 20 dBm output power
– STMicroelectronics HTS221 temperature and humidity sensor
– STMicroelectronics LPS22HB pressure sensor
– STMicroelectronics LSM6DS3 accelerometer and gyroscope sensor
– STMicroelectronics LIS3MDL magnetometer
Figure 9 shows the two boards in P-NUCLEO-LRWAN3 LoRaWAN® sensor device.
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Figure 9. STM32 Nucleo LoRaWAN® sensor device (P-NUCLEO-LRWAN3)
LPS22HB
HTS221
NUCLEO-L073RZ
main board
LRWAN_NS1
expansion board
ST-LINK
Arm® Mbed™
removable
storage
USB VCOM
LSM6DS3
RisingHF
module
Sensors:
STM32L073RZT6
microcontroller
LIS3MDL
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2.2.1 LRWAN_NS1 LoRa® LF band and sensor expansion board
The LRWAN_NS1 is supplied by a third party (RisingHF). For complete and latest information, refer to
LRWAN_NS1 reference manual [2].
Figure 10. LRWAN_NS1 block diagram and connectors
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Note: By default, USART1 (PA9/PA10) is used in the NUCLEO-L073RZ board to control the RHF0M003-LF20 modem.
Optionally, it is possible to use USART2 (PA2/PA3) via jumper resistor on the LRWAN_NS1. Refer to its user
manual. If USART2 (PA2/PA3) is used to control the modem, the following solder bridge on the Nucleo board
must be configured accordingly:
• SB62 and SB63 are closed
• SB13 and SB14 are opened to disconnect the STM32 UART from ST-LINK
Refer to [5] in the USART Communication section for more details.
2.3 Gateway hardware overview
The P-NUCLEO-LRWAN3 LoRaWAN® gateway shown in Figure 11 has the following key features:
Gateway main board
•NUCLEO-F746ZG development board (from STMicroelectronics)
–STM32F746ZGT6 Arm® Cortex®-M7 high-performance MCU at 216 MHz with 1-Mbyte Flash memory
and 320-Kbyte SRAM
– 3 user LEDs
– 1 user and 1 reset push-buttons
– Ethernet compliant with IEEE-802.3-2002
– USB OTG full speed or device only
– 32.768 kHz crystal oscillator
– On-board ST-LINK/V2-1 debugger/programmer with USB re-enumeration capability: mass storage,
Virtual COM port, and debug port
– Board connectors
◦ Micro-AB USB connector for the ST-LINK
◦ST Zio expansion connector including ARDUINO® Uno V3
◦ ST morpho extension pin headers for full access to all STM32 I/Os
◦ USB with Micro-AB
◦ Ethernet RJ45
Gateway expansion board
• LRWAN_GS_LF1 LoRa® LF band (433/470 MHz) gateway expansion board (from RisingHF)
– Semtech SX1301/SX1255 LF baseband data concentrator and transceiver
◦ Automatically adaptive to spreading factor from SF12 to SF7 in each of 8 channels
◦ High sensitivity down to -140 dBm at 300 bit/s
◦ 6 dBm output power
◦ Support LoRaWAN® protocol Class A and Class C
◦ Support Semtech packet forwarder
◦ Support DNS and NTP
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Figure 11. STM32 Nucleo LoRaWAN® gateway (P-NUCLEO-LRWAN3)
Gateway additional features
• Programmable parallel demodulation paths
• LoRa® demodulators and 1 GFSK demodulator embedded
• Single +5 V supply
• AT command interface to re-configure the parameters of the gateway
– change frequency plan
– change IP of the gateway
– change MAC address and ID of the gateway
– change network server that supports Semtech packet forwarder
– set to use public server or private server
– change DNS address
– change NTP server address
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2.3.1 Gateway expansion board
The gateway expansion board shown in is designed by RisingHF (www.risinghf.com). It includes a Semtech
SX1301 digital baseband circuit integrating the LoRa® concentrator, Semtech SX1255 LF front-end transceiver
module, and two SAW filters to achieve a wider bandwidth range (434 MHz to 470 MHz). The expansion board is
controlled by the NUCLEO-F746ZG via the SPI interface.
The gateway expansion board includes also an external +5 V power supply circuitry, which powers both the
gateway expansion board and NUCLEO-F746ZG development board. The NUCLEO-F746ZG is powered via pin
VIN (Pin 15 of connector CN8 on the Nucleo board).
For more details, refer to [3].
Figure 12. Gateway expansion board (P-NUCLEO-LRWAN3)
LF/HF identification
VIN
PF5 – GPIO4
PF10 – GPIO3
USB for external 5 V supply
ANT connector
(with protection cap)
PA5 – SCK (optional)
PA6 – MISO (optional)
PA6 – MOSI (optional)
PD14 – CSN (optional)
PD15 – Band Set1
PE9 – Band Set2
PF12 – RST
PE11 – CSN
PF13 – GPIO0
PF14 – GPIO1
PE13 – MISO
PF15 – GPIO2
PE12 – SCK
PE14 – MOSI
Table 2. P-NUCLEO-LRWAN3 gateway expansion board pins description
Pin name Pin description
VIN Power supply to NUCLEO-F746ZG from external 5 V
PF5/PD12/PC4/PB9 -GPIO4 GPIO4 from SX1301
PF10/PD13/PC5/PB8 -GPIO3 GPIO3 from SX1301
PF15-GPIO2 GPIO2 from SX1301
PF14-GPIO1 GPIO1 from SX1301
PF13-GPIO0 GPIO0 from SX1301
PE11-CSN CSN of SPI for SX1301
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Pin name Pin description
PE13-MISO MISO of SPI for SX1301
PE12-SCK SCK of SPI for SX1301
PE14-MOSI MOSI of SPI for SX1301
PE15-RST Reset for SX1301
PD15-Band Set1 ST Nucleo LoRa GW LF
• PE9=0, PD15=1: band EU433
• PE9=1, PD15=0: band CN470
PE9-Band Set2
PA5-SCK (optional) Backup SCK of SPI for SX1301
(no connection on board in default)
PA6-MISO (optional) Backup MISO of SPI for SX1301
(no connection on board in default)
PA7/PB5-MOSI (optional) Backup MOSI of SPI for SX1301
(no connection on board in default)
PD14-CSN (optional) Backup CSN of SPI for SX1301
(no connection on board in default)
Figure 13 presents the architecture of the LRWAN_GS_LF1 gateway expansion board.
Figure 13. Hardware architecture of the P-NUCLEO-LRWAN3 gateway expansion board
Baseband
SX1301
Transceiver
SX1255
Transceiver
SX1255
LNA
Balun LTCC LPF
SW
SAW
434 MHz
SAW
470 MHz
SW SW
Emission
Legend: Reception
LF specific
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3P-NUCLEO-LRWAN2 / P-NUCLEO-LRWAN3 firmware overview
The P-NUCLEO-LRWAN2 and P-NUCLEO-LRWAN3 starter packs include the following firmware:
•I-CUBE-LRWAN LoRaWAN® STM32Cube Expansion Package for the microcontrollers in the STM32L0
Series, STM32L1 Series, STM32L4 Series, and STM32L4+ Series
• Binary for the STM32F746ZGT6 microcontroller of the LoRaWAN® gateway Nucleo board
3.1 I-CUBE-LRWAN LoRaWAN® STM32Cube Expansion Package
The I-CUBE-LRWAN Expansion Package consists of a set of libraries and application examples for STM32L0
Series, STM32L1 Series, STM32L4 Series, and STM32L4+ Series microcontrollers acting as end-devices. This
firmware Expansion Package is downloadable from www.st.com/en/product/i-cube-lrwan.
A specific firmware project called AT_Master is an example code available only for the STM32L0 Series
microcontroller interfacing either with the I-NUCLEO-LRWAN1 USI® LoRa® expansion board, or with the
LRWAN_NS1 RisingHF LoRa® expansion board. The AT_Master sample project implements a host AT_Master
application that controls the LoRa® modem via AT commands, establishes a link with the LoRaWAN® network,
and sends sensor data.
Figure 14. AT_Master in LoRaWAN® STM32Cube Expansion Package
3.2 STM32F7 Nucleo LoRaWAN® gateway firmware
Firmware is based on the Semtech packet forwarder protocol ported over to the STM32F746ZGT6 device. The
gateway parameters are fully reconfigurable by means of the AT command interface through the ST-LINK USB
Virtual COM port. Refer to [3] for details.
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User reconfigurable parameters by means of the AT command interface
• Frequency plan
• Network server settings
– LoRaWAN® server address (public or private)
– Uplink and downlink port
• Ethernet settings
– MAC address (default based on STM32 unique ID)
– Static or DHCP mode
– IP address, DNS address, NTP server address
• Gateway ID
• Baud rate
• Enabling/disabling log messages
AT command list
Table 3. AT command list
Command Comment
AT Returns +OK.
HELP Prints help information.
FDEFAULT Resets to factory default settings.
RESET Software-reset gateway.
SYS Checks all configurations.
VER Gets version.
LOG Turns on/off packet forwarder log.
ECHO AT command echo on/off.
MAC Sets/gets the gateway MAC address.
IP DHCP/static IP control.
DNS Sets/gets the DNS address.
NTP Sets/gets the NTP server address.
EUI MAC Address (EUI48) to Gateway ID (EUI64) padding.
LORAWAN LoRaWAN® network selection (public/private).
PKTFWD Packet forwarder server address and port settings.
CH Packet forwarder channels.
Baudrate AT command and logging UART interface baud rate.
The gateway firmware binary is available upon request directly from STMicroelectronics.
To reprogram the board, copy and paste, or drag and drop the binary file to the mbed storage device of the
NUCLEO-F746ZG. The STM32 ST-LINK Utility (STSW-LINK004) programming software is another solution to
program the board.
It is recommended to power the board first before connecting the board with the PC. Refer to Section 6 about
how to power the board.
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Figure 15. Programming the gateway using a binary file
At startup, firmware checks for frequency band setting compatibility versus RF hardware. It displays a warning if
the setting is not compatible with the hardware.
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