TA Instruments AR 2000 User manual

AR 2000 Operator's Manual
1
AR 2000
Rheometer
Rheometrics Series
Operator's Manual
PN 500106.002 Rev. L
Issued January 2007

AR 2000 Operator's Manual
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© 2000–2007 by TA Instruments
109 Lukens Drive
New Castle, DE 19720
Notice
The material contained in this manual, and in the online help for the software used to support this instrument,
is believed adequate for the intended use of the instrument. If the instrument or procedures are used for pur-
poses other than those specified herein, confirmation of their suitability must be obtained from TA Instruments.
Otherwise, TA Instruments does not guarantee any results and assumes no obligation or liability. TA Instru-
ments also reserves the right to revise this document and to make changes without notice.
TA Instruments may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property
covering subject matter in this document. Except as expressly provided in written license agreement from TA
Instrument, the furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks, copy-
rights,orotherintellectualproperty.
TA Instruments Operating Software, as well as Module, Data Analysis, and Utility Software and their associ-
ated manuals and online help, are proprietary and copyrighted by TA Instruments. Purchasers are granted a
license to use these software programs on the module and controller with which they were purchased. These
programs may not be duplicated by the purchaser without the prior written consent of TA Instruments. Each
licensed program shall remain the exclusive property of TA Instruments, and no rights or licenses are granted to
the purchaser other than as specified above.

AR 2000 Operator's Manual
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Important: TA Instruments Manual Supplement
Please click on the links below to access important information supplemental to this
Getting Started Guide:
•TA Instruments Trademarks
•TA Instruments Patents
•Other Trademarks
•TA Instruments End-User License Agreement
•TA Instruments Offices

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Table of Contents
Important: TAInstruments Manual Supplement........................................................................................................ 3
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................................. 4
Notes, Cautions, and Warnings .................................................................................................................................. 10
Chapter 1: Introducing the AR 2000 ......................................................................................................................... 11
Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................ 11
Warnings ........................................................................................................................................................................ 11
Attention......................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Safety and EMC Conformity ........................................................................................................................................ 15
Specifications ................................................................................................................................................................. 15
Safety ....................................................................................................................................................................... 15
EMC ......................................................................................................................................................................... 15
La sûreté et EMC Conformité ....................................................................................................................................... 16
Spécifications ................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Sûreté ....................................................................................................................................................................... 16
EMC ......................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Lifting and Carrying Instructions ........................................................................................................................ 17
Electrical Safety ...................................................................................................................................................... 17
Liquid Nitrogen Safety .......................................................................................................................................... 18
Handling Liquid Nitrogen ........................................................................................................................................... 19
If a Person is Burned by Liquid Nitrogen ............................................................................................................ 19
Chemical Safety ............................................................................................................................................................. 19
Usage Instructions ........................................................................................................................................................ 20
Maintenance and Repair .............................................................................................................................................. 20
Chapter 2: Description of the AR 2000 ..................................................................................................................... 21
Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................ 21
A Brief History of Controlled-Stress Rheometers ................................................................................................ 21
TAInstrumentsAR Rheometers .................................................................................................................................. 22
Schematics of the AR 2000 Rheometer ................................................................................................................ 22
Instrument Components ........................................................................................................................................ 23

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Chapter 3: Technical Descriptions ............................................................................................................................ 25
Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................25
The Air Bearing .............................................................................................................................................................25
Rotational Mapping ..............................................................................................................................................26
Auto GapSet Mechanism.............................................................................................................................................. 27
Zeroing of the Gap ................................................................................................................................................. 27
Closing the Gap ...................................................................................................................................................... 27
Thermal Compensation .........................................................................................................................................27
Smart Swap™ ................................................................................................................................................................ 28
The Peltier Plate ............................................................................................................................................................. 28
Normal Force Transducer............................................................................................................................................. 29
Chapter 4: Technical Specifications ......................................................................................................................... 31
Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................31
Specifications .................................................................................................................................................................31
Chapter 5: Installation and Operation ...................................................................................................................... 35
Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................35
Removing the Packaging and Preparing for Installation .........................................................................................35
Installation Requirements ............................................................................................................................................36
Connecting the System Together.................................................................................................................................. 37
Connecting the Rheometer to the Electronics Control Box ................................................................................37
Connecting the Computerto the Electronics Control Box ..................................................................................37
ConnectingAir and Water to the Rheometer ...................................................................................................... 38
Using Smart Swap™ .....................................................................................................................................................39
Installing the Peltier Plate ..................................................................................................................................... 39
Removing the Peltier Plate ....................................................................................................................................40
Setting Up the Concentric Cylinder System ............................................................................................................... 41
Changing the Cup ..................................................................................................................................................42
Using the ETC ................................................................................................................................................................43
Installing the Low Temperature Accessory ......................................................................................................... 46
Operating Hints .....................................................................................................................................................49
Controlling Cooling ........................................................................................................................................ 49
Low Temperature System Maintenance .......................................................................................................49
General Operating Guidelines..................................................................................................................................... 50
Do .............................................................................................................................................................................50
Do Not ..................................................................................................................................................................... 50
Keypad Functionality ................................................................................................................................................... 51

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Levelling the Rheometer ............................................................................................................................................... 52
Checking Your System .................................................................................................................................................. 52
Calibrating the Rheometer ........................................................................................................................................... 53
Shut-Down Procedure .................................................................................................................................................. 53
Cleaning the Filter Regulator Assembly ..................................................................................................................... 54
Chapter 6: Measuring Systems .................................................................................................................................. 55
Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................ 55
General Description ...................................................................................................................................................... 55
Geometry Materials ................................................................................................................................................ 55
Stainless Steel .................................................................................................................................................. 55
Aluminium ...................................................................................................................................................... 55
Plastic ............................................................................................................................................................... 56
Cone and Plate ............................................................................................................................................................... 56
Parallel Plate .................................................................................................................................................................. 57
Concentric Cylinders .................................................................................................................................................... 58
Using the Stress and Shear Rate Factors .................................................................................................................... 59
Choosing the Best Geometry ........................................................................................................................................ 60
Cone and Plate/Parallel........................................................................................................................................ 60
Plate Systems .......................................................................................................................................................... 60
Angles .............................................................................................................................................................. 60
Diameters ......................................................................................................................................................... 60
Material ............................................................................................................................................................ 61
Preventing Solvent Evaporation .................................................................................................................................. 62
Preventing Slippage at Sample/Geometry Interface ................................................................................................. 62
Removing the Air-Bearing Clamp ............................................................................................................................... 63
Attaching a Geometry ................................................................................................................................................... 64
Ensuring that the Sample is Loaded Correctly .......................................................................................................... 65
Chapter 7: Using the Upper Heated Plate ................................................................................................................ 67
Introduction to the Upper Heated Plate...................................................................................................................... 67
Attaching the Upper Heated Plate to the AR 2000 .................................................................................................... 68
Installing the (Optional) VortexAir Cooler ......................................................................................................... 70
Configurations for the Cooling Water .................................................................................................................. 72
Connecting the Cooling Control Unit ........................................................................................................... 73
Using Circulating Fluids Other Than Water ............................................................................................... 74
Connecting and Disconnecting the Geometry Holder ....................................................................................... 76

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Connecting the Geometry and Holder.......................................................................................................... 76
Removing the Geometry and Holder ............................................................................................................ 76
Configuring the Upper Heated Plate ...................................................................................................................77
Calibration of the Upper Heated Plate ........................................................................................................................78
Clamping the Air Bearing ............................................................................................................................................ 81
Using an Inert Gas Atmosphere .................................................................................................................................. 82
Using the Sample Cover ............................................................................................................................................... 83
Chapter 8: The Pressure Cell ..................................................................................................................................... 85
Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................85
Specifications .................................................................................................................................................................86
Operating Specifications ....................................................................................................................................... 86
Safety Specifications .............................................................................................................................................. 86
Operational Limits .................................................................................................................................................86
Pressure Cell Components ...........................................................................................................................................87
The Pressure Cell Cup ........................................................................................................................................... 88
The Inlet Port ................................................................................................................................................... 88
The Pressure Gauge Port ................................................................................................................................88
Safety Relief Port ............................................................................................................................................. 89
Rotor Assembly ...................................................................................................................................................... 89
Magnet Assembly ................................................................................................................................................... 90
Pressure Manifold ..................................................................................................................................................91
Requirements for External Pressure Source ........................................................................................................92
Installing and Using the Pressure Cell .......................................................................................................................93
Step 1: Install High-Pressure Piping Manifold ..................................................................................................94
Step 2: Install and Configure Pressure Cell Cup and Rotor ..............................................................................95
Step 3: Positioning Gap and Pressure Cell Calibrations ...................................................................................97
Step 4: Loading a Sample ......................................................................................................................................98
Step 5: Align Manifold and Make Manifold Connections .............................................................................. 100
Step 6: Pressurizing/Depressurizing the Cell and Running Experiments ...................................................101
Running Experiments in Self-Pressurization Mode ...............................................................................................102
Running Experiments in External Pressurization Mode .......................................................................................104
Maintaining the Cell ................................................................................................................................................... 106
Cleaning the Pressure Cell Cup..........................................................................................................................106
Cleaning the Rotor Assembly .............................................................................................................................106
Disassembling the Rotor ..............................................................................................................................107
Reassembling the Rotor................................................................................................................................108
Replacement Parts....................................................................................................................................................... 110

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Chapter 9: AR 2000 Interfacial Accessory ..............................................................................................................111
Overview ...................................................................................................................................................................... 111
Specifications ............................................................................................................................................................... 112
Setting up the Interfacial Accessory .......................................................................................................................... 113
Calibration and Mapping .......................................................................................................................................... 114
Zeroing the Gap ................................................................................................................................................... 114
Mapping and Other Calibrations....................................................................................................................... 114
Experimental Procedure ............................................................................................................................................. 115
Determining Each Fluid's Contribution ............................................................................................................ 115
Finding the Interface Position............................................................................................................................. 116
Analyzing the Results ................................................................................................................................................ 118
Calculation of the Interfacial Contribution to the Torque................................................................................ 118
Interfacial Shear Stress and Shear Rate Calculation ........................................................................................ 119
Part Numbers ............................................................................................................................................................... 119
References .................................................................................................................................................................... 119
Chapter 10: Do's and Don'ts .................................................................................................................................... 121
Overview ......................................................................................................................................................................121
DO ..........................................................................................................................................................................121
DON'T ...................................................................................................................................................................122
Appendix A: Useful Information ............................................................................................................................ 123
Moments of Inertia ......................................................................................................................................................123
Calculations for Moments of Inertia ..................................................................................................................123
Cone ................................................................................................................................................................123
Cylinder .........................................................................................................................................................124
Appendix B: Symbols and Units ............................................................................................................................. 125
Appendix C: Geometry Form Factors ..................................................................................................................... 127
Cone/Plates .................................................................................................................................................................127
Concentric Cylinder Dimensions ....................................................................................................................... 127
Appendix D: LCD Display Messages ....................................................................................................................129
Power On Messages ....................................................................................................................................................129
Initialising ... ......................................................................................................................................................... 129
Bearing overspeed ................................................................................................................................................129
Bearing pressure too low .....................................................................................................................................130
Encoder index not found .....................................................................................................................................130
Nf gauge fault .......................................................................................................................................................130
Nf temp sensor fault ............................................................................................................................................130
Operator stop event ..............................................................................................................................................130
Power cable fault ..................................................................................................................................................130

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Signal cable fault ..................................................................................................................................................130
Temp sys element fault ........................................................................................................................................130
Temp system environment ..................................................................................................................................130
Temp system sensor fault ....................................................................................................................................131
Other Messages ....................................................................................................................................................131
Appendix E: TA Instruments ETC Kits .................................................................................................................. 133
ETC Torsion Rectangular Kit (543307.901) .......................................................................................................133
ETC Parallel Plate Kit (543306.901) ...................................................................................................................133
ETC Disp. Parallel Plate Kit (543308.901) .........................................................................................................133
Index............................................................................................................................................................................. 135

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Notes, Cautions, and Warnings
The following conventions are used throughout this guide to point out items of importance to you as you read
through the instructions.
ANOTEhighlightsimportantinformationaboutequipmentorprocedures.
A CAUTION emphasizes a procedure that may damage equipment or cause loss of
data if not followed correctly.
A WARNING indicates a procedure that may be hazardous to the operator or to the
environment if not followed correctly.

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Chapter 1
Introducing the AR 2000
Overview
The TA Instruments AR 2000 Rheometer is a controlled stress/controlled rate rheometer capable of handling
many different types of samples, using a range of geometry sizes and types.
This manual relates to all hardware aspects of the AR 2000 Rheometer. For complete information on the
operation of the instrument, you may also have to refer to the relevant software manuals supplied with the
instrument.
This chapter describes some important safety information. Please read this information thoroughly before
proceeding.
Warnings
Please make sure that you read the following warnings BEFORE using this equipment. This section contains
information that is vital to the safe operation of the AR 2000.
WARNING: This equipment must not be mounted on a flammable surface if low
flashpoint material is being analyzed.
WARNING: An extraction system may be required if the heating of materials could
lead to liberation of hazardous gasses.
WARNING: It is recommended that this instrument be serviced by trained and skilled
TA Instruments personnel at least once a year.
WARNING: There may be a danger of explosion if the lithium battery is incorrectly
replaced. It should be replaced only with the same type, contact TA Instruments for
information. Dispose of used batteries according to the battery manufacturers instruc-
tions. If in doubt, contact TA Instruments.
WARNING: The material used on the top surface of the Peltier plate is hard, chrome-
plated copper and the material used for the 'skirt' of the Peltier is stainless steel.
Therefore, use an appropriate cleaning material when cleaning the Peltier plate.
WARNING: The internal components of the AR 2000 ETC are all constructed from
chemically resistant materials, and can therefore be cleaned with standard laboratory
solvents. The only exception is the cladding for the thermocouples, which should not
be immersed in a solvent for long periods. Use a small amount of solvent on a soft
cloth and wipe the soiled area gently. This procedure should never be conducted at
any temperature other than ambient.

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WARNING: During the installation or reinstallation of the instrument, ensure that the
external connecting cables (i.e., data, RS232 etc.) are placed separate from the mains
power cables. Also, ensure that the external connecting cables and the mains power
cables are placed away from any hot external parts of the instrument.
Note: Ensure that the mains power cable is selected such that it is suitable for the
instrument that is being installed or reinstalled, paying particular attention to the
current rating of both the cable and the instrument.
WARNING: Before switching the instrument on, apply the air to the instrument and
switch on the water supply to the Peltier system (if used).
WARNING: During operation, extreme hot or cold surfaces may be exposed. Take
adequate precautions. Wear safety gloves before removing hot or cold geometries.
WARNING: Liquid nitrogen can cause rapid suffocation without warning. Store and
use in an area with adequate ventilation. Do not vent liquid nitrogen in confined
spaces. Do not enter confined spaces where nitrogen gas may be present unless the
area is well ventilated. The warning above applies to the use of liquid nitrogen.
Oxygen depletion sensors are sometimes utilized where liquid nitrogen is in use.
WARNING: The various surfaces and pipes of the ETC and the supply Dewar can get
cold during use. These cold surfaces cause condensation and, in some cases, frost to
build up. This condensation may drip to the floor. Provisions to keep the floor dry
should be made. If any moisture does drip to the floor, be sure to clean it up promptly
to prevent a slipping hazard.
WARNING: Always unplug the instrument before performing any maintenance.
WARNING: No user serviceable parts are contained in the rheometer. Maintenance
and repair must be performed by TA Instruments or other qualified service personnel
only.
WARNING: This instrument must be connected to an earthed (grounded) power
supply. If this instrument is used with an extension lead, the earth (ground) continuity
must be maintained.

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Attention
Cet instrument ne doit être en aucun cas installé sur une surface inflammable lors de
l'analyse d'échantillons ayant un faible point d'éclair.
Une bouche d'extraction est nécessaire lors de la combustion de matériaux libérant
des gaz toxiques.
Il est recommendé que cet appareil soit révisé au moins une fois par an par un
ingénieurTA Instruments.
Les piles au lithium de rechange doivent être impérativement du même type que
celles d'origine. Dans le cas contraire, un risque d'explosion reste possible. Pour plus
d'informations,contacterTAInstruments.
Ne pas jeter de piles au lithium usagées. Celles-ci doivent être recyclées.
La surface supérieure en cuivre de la plaque Peltier est recouverte de chrome. Et la
surface latérale est recouverte d'acier. Il est important d'utiliser des produits adéquats,
lors du nettoyage du Peltier, qui n'altérerons pas ces deux matériaux.
Lescomposantsinternesdufour (ETC)montésur l'AR2000sontconçuspour résisterà
toute attaque chimique. Ils peuvent donc être tous nettoyés, à l'aide de solvants
quelconques, à l'exception du revêtement des thermocouples, qui ne doivent pas,
quant à eux, baigner dans un solvant pendant une longue période. Ceux-ci doivent
être nettoyés a température ambiante en frottant légèrement avec un chiffon imbibé
de solvant.
Les cables externes doivent être toujours separés du cable d'alimentation. S'en
assurer à chaque installation. De même, tout cable doit être éloigné de toute source
de chaleur (Peltier…).
Avant toute mise en marche, s'assurer que l'arrivée d'eau pour le Peltier (si utilisé)
ainsi que l'arrivée d'air pour le moteur sont connectées et que l'eau et l'air circulent.
Les différentes surfaces, tuyaux de l’ETC ainsi que le reservoir d’azote liquide peuvent
être exposés à de très basses températures pendant l ’utilisation. Ces surfaces froides
provoquent de la condensation et peuvent même être à l’origine d’une formation de
glace. Cette condensation risque de goutter par terre. Afin d’éviter tout accident dû à
un sol glissant, il serait préférable de garder le sol aussi sec que possible.

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Lors de toute maintenance, couper l'alimentation.
Toute maintenance ou réparation doivent être effectuées par TA Instruments ou un
personnel de service qualifié.
Cet appareil doit être connecté à la terre. Toute rallonge utilisée avec cet appareil
doit comporter une masse de securité.
Utiliser l'azote liquide avec précautions car une utilisation inadéquate peut provoquer
des suffocations. Stocker et utiliser dans une pièce suffisament ventilée. Ne pas
pénétrer dans une pièce remplie d'azote avant d'en avoir evacué le gaz.

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Safety and EMC Conformity
Specifications
In order to comply with the European Council Directives, 73/23/EEC (LVD) and 89/336/EEC (EMC Directive),
as amended by 93/68/EEC; the AR 2000 has been tested to the following specifications:
Safety
This equipment has been designed to comply with the following standards on safety:
• EN 61010-1:1993
Safetyrequirementsforelectricalequipmentfor measurement,controlandlaboratoryuse.
EN 61010-1 Amendment 1, 1995
EN 61010-1 Amendment 2, 1995
• EN 6101-2-010: 1994
Particularrequirementsfor laboratory equipmentforthe heating ofmaterials.
EN 61010-2-010 Amendment 1, 1996
• UL3101-1 First Edition 1993
IEC 1010-2-010: 1992
• CAN/CSA-C22.2 No.1010-1: 1992
IEC 1010-2-010: 1992
EMC
• EN61326-1: 1997
Electricalequipmentformeasurement,controland laboratory use.
Incorporating:
EN55011: 1998 Conducted Class B
EN55011: 1998 Radiated Class A
EN6100-3-2: 1995 Harmoniccurrent
EN6100-3-3: 1995 Voltageflicker
EN6100-4-2: 1995 ESD
EN6100-4-3: 1996 Radiated RF
EN6100-4-4: 1995 Fast Transient/Burst
EN6100-4-5: 1995 Surge
EN6100-4-6: 1996 Conducteddisturbances
EN6100-4-11: 1994 Voltagedips
• AZ/NZS 2064: 1997

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La sûreté et EMC Conformité
Spécifications
Afin de se conformer aux directives du Conseil européen, 73/23/EEC (LVD) et 89/336/EEC (directive d'cEmc),
comme modifié par 93/68/EEC; l'Ar 2000 a été testé selon les caractéristiques suivantes:
Sûreté
Ce matériel a été conçu pour être conforme aux normes de sécurité suivantes:
• EN 61010-1:1993
Conditions de securité pour l'appareillage de mesures électrique, la commande et l'usage de laboratoire.
EN61010-1 Amendment 1, 1995
EN61010-1 Amendment 2, 1995
• EN6101-2-010: 1994
Conditions particulières pour le matériel de laboratoire destine au chauffage des matériaux.
EN61010-2-010 Amendment 1, 1996
• UL3101-1 First Edition 1993
IEC 1010-2-010: 1992
• CAN/CSA-C22.2 No.1010-1: 1992
IEC 1010-2-010: 1992
EMC
• EN61326-1: 1997
Conditions de securité pour l'appareillage de mesures électrique, la commande et l'usage de laboratoire.
incorporation
EN55011: 1998 Conducted Class B
EN55011: 1998 Radiated Class A
EN6100-3-2: 1995 Harmoniccurrent
EN6100-3-3: 1995 Voltageflicker
EN6100-4-2: 1995 ESD
EN6100-4-3: 1996 Radiated RF
EN6100-4-4: 1995 Fast Transient/Burst
EN6100-4-5: 1995 Surge
EN6100-4-6: 1996 Conducteddisturbances
EN6100-4-11: 1994 Voltagedips
• AZ/NZS 2064: 1997

AR 2000 Operator's Manual
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Lifting and Carrying Instructions
Please follow these recommendations when you move or lift the instrument and its accessories:
• Beforemoving therheometer,youshouldremove anytemperatureattachmentsfromtheSmart Swap™
holder.See Chapter5 formore information.
• When moving the rheometer, the air-bearing clamp should always be in place, ensuring that the bearing
cannot be moved. See Chapter 5 for information on the air-bearing clamp and how it is attached.
• Use two hands to lift the instrument, keeping your back straight as you lift, to avoid possible strain on your
back. You should always use two people to lift the instrument.
• Treat the AR 2000 with the same degree of care you would take with any scientific laboratory instrument.
Electrical Safety
Alwaysunplug the instrument before performing any maintenance.
SupplyVoltage 110 - 240 Vac
Fuse type 2 x F10 A H250v
Mains Frequency 45 to 65 Hz
Power 1000 watts
WARNING: Because of the high voltages in this instrument, maintenance and repair of
internal parts must be performed by TA Instruments or other qualified service person-
nel only.
Cet instrument etant sous hautes tensions, l'entretien et la réparation des pièces
internes doivent être effectues exclusivement par TA instruments ou tout autre person-
nel de service qualifié.

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Liquid Nitrogen Safety
Potential Asphyxiant
WARNING: Liquid nitrogen can cause rapid suffocation without warning. Store and
use in an area with adequate ventilation. Do not vent liquid nitrogen in confined
spaces. Do not enter confined spaces where nitrogen gas may be present unless the
area is well ventilated. The warning above applies to the use of liquid nitrogen.
Oxygen depletion sensors are sometimes utilized where liquid nitrogen is in use.
Potentiel Agent asphxyiant
L'azote liquide peut causer des suffocations rapides. Stocker et utiliser dans une zone
dotée d'une ventilation adéquate. Ne pas ventiler d'azote liquide dans des espaces
confinés. Ne pas pénétrer dans des espaces confinés où le gaz d'azote peut être
présent à moins de bien aérer la zone. L'avertissement ci-dessus s'applique à
l'utilisation de l'azote liquide. Des capteurs d'épuisement d'oxygène sont parfois
utilisés.
Extremes of temperature
During operation, extreme hot or cold surfaces may be exposed. Take adequate
precautions. Wear safety gloves before removing hot or cold geometries.
Températures extremes.
Lors du fonctionnement, des surfaces extrèmement chaudes ou froides peuvent être
exposées. Prendre toutes précautions necessaires telles que l'utilisation de gants de
protection avant d'enlever les géométries chaudes ou froides.

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Handling Liquid Nitrogen
TheETC uses the cryogenic (low-temperature) agent, liquid nitrogen, forcooling. Becauseof its low temperature
[-195°C (-319°F)], liquid nitrogen will burn the skin. When you work with liquid nitrogen, use the following
precautions:
Liquid nitrogen evaporates rapidly at room temperature. Be certain that areas where liquid nitrogen is used are
well ventilated to prevent displacement of oxygen in the air.
1. Wear goggles or a face shield, gloves large enough to be removed easily, and a rubber apron. For extra
protection, wear high-topped, sturdy shoes, and leave your trouser legs outside the tops.
2. Transfer the liquid slowly to prevent thermal shock to the equipment. Use containers that have satisfactory
low-temperatureproperties. Ensure that closed containers have ventsto relievepressure.
3. The purity of liquid nitrogen decreases as the nitrogen evaporates. If much of the liquid in a container has
evaporated, analyze the remaining liquid before using it for any purpose where high oxygen content could
bedangerous.
The oven inner doors have a trough around the bottom of the element assembly for collection of excess liquid
nitrogen. Any excess fluid collected will drain out from the oven at the lower outer edge.
If a Person is Burned by Liquid Nitrogen
1. IMMEDIATELY flood the area (skin or eyes) with large quantities
of cool water, then apply cold compresses.
2. If the skin is blistered or if there is a chance of eye infection, take
thepersontoadoctorIMMEDIATELY.
Chemical Safety
Do not use hydrogen or any other explosive gas with the ETC.
Use of chlorine gas will damage the instrument.
If you are using samples that may emit harmful gases, vent the gases by placing the instrument near an exhaust.

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Usage Instructions
Before connecting the rheometer to auxiliary equipment, you must ensure that you have read the relevant
installationinformation. Safety of the rheometer may be impaired if the instrument:
• Shows visible damage
• Failsto perform theintended measurements
• Has been badly stored
• Has been flooded with water
• Has been subjected to severe transport stresses.
Maintenance and Repair
CAUTION: Adjustment, replacement of parts, maintenance and repair should be
carried out by trained and skilled TA personnel only. The instrument should be
disconnected from the mains before removal of the cover.
Le réglage, le remplacement des pièces, l'entretien et la réparation devraient être
effectués exclusivement par le personnel qualifié de TA Instruments. Avant l'ouverture
duchâssis,débrancherl'instrument.
WARNING: The cover should only be removed by authorized personnel. Once the
cover has been removed, live parts are accessible. Both live and neutral supplies are
fused and therefore a failure of a single fuse could still leave some parts live. The
instrument contains capacitors that may remain charged even after being discon-
nected from the supply.
Le châssis doit être retiré exclusivement par le personnel autorisé. Une fois le chassis
retiré, les pièces connectées à l'alimentation sont accessibles. L'instrument contient
plusieursfusibles. L'instrument contient descondensateurs quipeuvent rester chargés
même après avoir été débranchés.