Tektronix 576 User manual

CONTENTS
Section
1

S p ecification
Section 2

Operating Instructions
Sectio
n 3

Circuit Descri p tion
Section 4

M aintenance
Section 5

P erformance C h ec k /Cal ibratio
ηP roce d ure
Abbreviations and Symbols
P arts Or d ering Information
Section 6

E lectrical
P
arts L ist
M ec h anical Parts L ist
Information
Section 7

Mechanical P arts L ist
Section 8

Diagrams
M ec h anical
P
arts L ist
Illustrations
Accessories
Abbreviations an d symbols use d in t h is manual
are
base d on or ta k en d irectly from IEEE Stan d ar d
260 "Stan d ar d Symbols for Units", MIL-STD-12B
an d ot her stan d ar d s of t h e electronics in d
ustry .
Change infor m ation, if any, is locate d at t h e rear of
t h is manual .

Type
576
Fig .
1-1
. Type
576 Curve
Tracer .

The Ty pe 576 Curve Tracer is α dynamic semicond ucto
r
tester w h ic h allows d is p lay a n d
meas u rement of c h aracte r is-
tic curves of α variety of two an d
t h ree terminal d evices
i n clu d ing bi p olar transisto r s, fiel d
effect t r ansistors, M OS-
FE
Ts,
silicon controlle d rectifiers and uni j
unction transis-
tors . Α va r iety of possible measurements is
available using
eit h er groun d ed emitter or g r ounde d base conf ί g ιι rations .
T he
instrument has available eit h er an AC or α DC collecto
r
su pp
ly voltage rangi n g from 0 to ±1500 volts . T
h e ste p
generator prod uces eit h er cur r ent or voltage ste p s, w
h ic h
may
be app
lie d to eit h er t h e base terminal or t he
emitter
terminal of t he device un d er test . Ste
p generator out p uts
range f r om 5 ηΑ to 2 Α in t he cur r ent mo d
e,
an d
from 5
mV to 40 V in t he voltage mo de
.
T
h e ste p
s
may also be
pro duced as s h ort d uration pulses .
Calibrate d ste p offset
allows offsetting t h e ste p generato
r outp ut eit h er positive
or negative . T he vertical dis p lay
am p lifier measures eit h er
collector current
or leakage current with α maximum
d eflection
factor of 1 ηΑ / d ivision w h en making α leakage
TA BLE 1-1
ELE CT R ICA L C H A R ACT ER ISTICS
Collector Sup p
ly
I
Collector S upp ly Maxi mu m Con ti nuou s P ea k C urr
en t O p e r ating
Ti m e vs
D u ty Cycle a nd Ambient Tem p erature .
W
it
h t he PEAK
P O WER W ATTS at 50
only, t he followi ng limitatio n s apply : Maxi-
mum co n tin u ou s op erati
n g
ti
m e at r ated c urr e n t (100% duty cycle)
i
n to α sh
ort ci r
c
u it is 20 nii n utes at 25 C am b ie n t, o r 10 m
i
nu tes at
40 ° C a
m bie n t . Alte rn atively d ur y cycle may be li m ited to 50% at
25 ° C a mb ie n t o r 25% at 40 ° C a mb
ie n t .( Α no r mal fa m ily of cu rves
fo r α tra n sisto r will pr o du ce α du
ty cycle effect to 50% o r less eve n
if o p erate d
co n ti nu o u sly
.)
Ove r dissipation of t he collector supply
will
te mp o
ra r ily s hu t it off and t urn on t he yellow CO LLE CTO R
S UPPL Y VO L TAG E DISA BLE D lig h t . Νο d a m age
will res u lt .
S
E
CTIO
N 1
S PE CI
F I
CA
ΤΙΟΝ
C hange information, if any, affecting
t h
is section
will
be
found at t he rear of the manual .
measureme n t . T h e horizontal d is p lay am p lifier allows
meas-
urement of both collector an d base voltage .
T he following electrical and environmental c h aracteris-
tics are vali d fo r instruments op erate d at an ambient tem-
pe r atu r e of from
+1 ρ
°C to +40 ° C after an initial ωα
r
Μιιρ
p erio d of 5 minutes, w hen p r eviously calibrate d at α tem-
p erat ιι re of +25 ° C ±5 ° C . Section 5, P er
formance
C h
eck
an d Calibration P roce d ure, gives αproce d ure for ch
ecking
an d adjusting t he Ty pe 576 with res p ect to t he following
s p eci f ication .
T he Ty p e 576 MOD 301W is α stan d ar d Ty pe 576 wit
h -
o u t t he R ea dout Assembly . All t h e information contained
in t h is manual pe r taini n g to t heR ea do u t
Assem
b ly
a nd
its
o p e r ation s h ould be dis r ega r d ed w h en use d i n co nj unction
wit h α mo d ifie d inst r ument .
Maximum
P ea k
Cu r rent ( N
ormal
Mo d e) ι
P ea k Cur r ent (Ste p
Ge n erator i nP ulse d
Ste ps Mo d
e)
Min imum Series
Resistance
Maximum Se r ies
R esistance
Series R esistance
Available
P
ea
k P ower W atts
Settings
Safety Inte
r
loc
k
Type576
10
Α

2 Α

0 .5 Α

0 .1 Α
At
least At least At least At least
20A

4
Α

1 Α

0 .2 Α
0 .3 Ω

6 .5 0

140 Ω

3 k Ω
65 k
Ω

1 .4 ΜΩ
6 .5 ΜΩ 6 .5 ΜΩ
0 .3 Ω , 1 .4 Ω ,6 .5 Ω ,30 Ω ,140 Ω ,
650 Ω , 3 k Ω , 14 k Ω , 65 k Ω , 300
k Ω , 1 .4 ΜΩ and 6 .5 ΜΩ , all with in
5°/ ο or 0 .1 Ω .
0 .1 W, 0 .5
W, 2 .2 W, 10 W, 50 W
and
220 W . Derived f r om nominal
peak op
en circuit collector voltages
and nominal series
r esistance values
at n omi n al li ne voltage
.
Wh en MAX PEAK VO L TS switc h is
set to eit he r 75, 350 or 1500, α p ro-
tective box must be in place ove r
test termi
n als and its li d closed be-
Ch a r acteristic
P
erforma
n
ce
Swee p Modes Normal mo de : AC (at line fre-
q uency) ; positive-or negative-going
full wave rectified AC .
DCmo de : positive o r negative DC .
DC Mo d e R i pp le Νο -loa d :
2°/
ο
or less of voltage, or
0 .1 % or
less of f u ll range voltage .
Voltages
Acc u racy Peak op en circuit voltages on all
r anges wit h in +35% and -5% .
R anges 15 V
75 V 350 V 1500 V

Sp ecification-Ty p e 576
L oo p ing Com p
ensation
fo r
e
voltage
can be a pp lie d . Amber
lig h t on i nd icates i n terloc k is open ;
R ed lig h t on in d icates voltage is be-
ing a pp lie d to test te r mi n als .
Cancels st r ay ca p acitance
between
collector test termi
n
al an
dg r oun d
i n Stand a r d Test F ixt
u re an d
all
Standa r d Test Fixt
u re Accessories .
Step Gene r ato r
2 Co
n tin u oυ s DC O u tp u t vs Ti
m e, Tem p erat ur e a nd D u ty
Cycle . 2 Α
co n ti nu o
u s DC ou t pu t can be ac h ieve d fo
r an un limite dpe r io d up
to 30 ° C amb ie n t . Betwee
n30 0 C a nd 40 ° C a mb ient,
2 Α co n ti n uo u s
DC op eratio n s hou
l d b e li m ite d to 15 m i nu tes or
li
m
ite d to α 50%
du ty cycle o
r less . Α fa m ily of ste p s (suc h as 10 ste p s at
200 mA per
ste
p
)
will a u tomatically r e du ce t h e du ty cycle to
50% even if ge n era-
te d co n ti nu o u sly . E xcee d i
n gt he rati ng will tem p o r a r ily s h ut
off
powe r to t hee n tire instrument bu
t
no da
m age will r es u lt .
R ipple Plus
N oise 0 .5% ο o r less of A MPL IT U D E switc h
setting or 4 ηΑ , p ea k to pea k .
V
oltage
M
ode
AM PL IT U D
E 50 m V to 2 V, i n 1-2-5 se q uence .
Switch R ange
M axim
u
m
Voltage 20 times A MPL IT U D E switc h set-
(Ste p s andAid
i n g ting .
Offset)
Maximum Cur r ent At least 2 Α at 10 V o r less, d e-
(Ste p sa nd Aiding r ating linearly to 10 mA at 40 V .
Offset)
S ho rt Circuit Cur-
20 mA, 100 mA, 500 mA, +100%-
rent L imiti n g (Ste p s 0°/
ο ; 2
Α +50% ο -0°/ ο ; as selecte d by
andAid i ng Offset) C URREN T L I M IT switc h .
Maxim u m Op p osi n g 10 times A
MPL
IT U D
E
switc
h
set-
Offset
V
oltage i
ng .
Maxim u m Opp osi n g L imite d betwee n 10 mA and 20
Current mA
R i pp le P lus N oise 0 .5% ο or less of A M PL IT U D E switc h
setting, or 2 m V , p ea k to peak .
Ste p R ates (
Fr ont p a n el R AT E button labels in
pa r ent h eses .) 1 times ( .5 Χ ), 2 times
(N
O
R M ) and 4 times (2 Χ ) line f r e-
quency . Steps occ u r at zero collec-
tor voltage w h en .5 Χ or N O R M
R AT E bu tto n s a r e p r esse d , an d also
at peak voltage w hen 2 Χ R AT
E
button is p resse d . Ste
p
s
occ u r
at
collector voltage
p eak and at
normal r ate w h en .5 Χ a nd2 Χ .
R AT E buttons a r e p r esse d toget h er .
P
ulse
d Step s Pu lse d ste p s 80 μ s o r 300 μs wide
wit h in
+20°/
ο , -5°/ ο p ro duced w he
n-
eve r one of t he PUL SE D ST
EP
S
buttons is p r esse d . P ulse d ste p s can
be
p r o
d
u ce donly at normal an d .5
times normal rates . Collector
Supply mode automatically be-
comes DC w h en eit h er t h e 300 μ s
or 80 μ s PUL SE D ST EP S button is
p resse d unless P O L A R ITY switc h is
set to AC . If t he 300
μ s
and 80 μs
PUL SE D ST EP S buttons are p r ess-
ed toget h er, 300
μ s
pulse d steps a r e
p r od uce d , but collecto r su pp ly
mo d edoes not c h an ge .
4ccuracy (Cu rrent o r
V oltage Ste p s, I n cl ud -
ng
Offset)
Incremental W it h in 5% b
etween any two ste p s,
Accuracy withou t .1 Χ ST
EP MUL T button
pr esse d ; wit h in 10%
ο wit h .1 Χ ST EP
Μ UL T bu tton p r
esse d .
Absolute
W it h i n 2°/ ο of total out p
ut, incl ud -
Accu r acy
ing any amou n t of offset, or
1°/ ο of
A MPL IT U D E switch setting,
w h ic h -
ever is g r eater .
Ste p (Current or One times or
0 .1 times (wit h .1X
Voltage) Am p litu d es ST EP MUL T bu
tton p resse d ) t he
AM PL IT U D
E switc h setting .
D FF S ET MU L T Con-
Co
n tinuously va r iable f r om CI to 10
trol R ange times A MPL IT UD E switc h setting,
eit h er ai d i ng or op p osing the ste p
ge n erator p ola r ity .
C ur re
n t Mode
AM PL IT U D E 200 mA to 50 ηΑ , in 1-2-5 se-
Switch R ange quence .
M aximum Cu rr ent 20 times A
MPL IT U D E switc h set-
(Ste p s a nd Ai d ing ting,
exce p t 10 times switc h setting
Offset ) 2 w h en switc h is set to 200 mA, an d
15 times switc h setting w he n t he
switc h is set to 100 mA .
Maximum Voltage
At least 10 V .
(Ste psand Ai d ing
Offset)
M aximum Opp osing A Wh
ic h ever is less : 10 times A MPL I-
Offset C u rrent
TUD E switc h setting, or between
10 mA an d 20 mA .
M aximum O p posing Between 1 V an d3
V .
Voltage

Ste
ps
an d Offset
P olarity
Step
Families
N umber of Ste ps
Correspon d s wit h collecto r sup ply
pola r ity
(positive going w hen PO-
LAR ΙΤΥ
switc h is set to AC) w hen
t heP O L A
R ITY I NVER T button is
release d . Is o p posite collector su p -
p ly p ola r ity (negative-going in
AC)
w hen eit he r t
he
POLARITY IN-
VERT butto n is p ressed o r t
he
L ea d Selector
switc h
is
set to BAS E
G RO UN D
E D . If
L ea
d Selector
switc h is set to BAS
E
GR O UN
D-
E
D,
P
O
L A R ITY I NVER T button
h
as no
effect
on
ste p s
an
d offset
polarity .
R ep etitive families of c h aracteristic
curves gene r ated with
REP ST EP
FAMILY bu tto np
resse d . Single
family of c
h aracteristic curves gen-
e r ate d eac
h time SI NG LE ST EP
F AM I L
Y
bu
tton is p resse d .
R an ges
from 1 to 10 as selecte d by
t he
NUMBER O F ST EP S switc h .
For zero
ste p s, p r ess SI NG LE ST EP
F AM Ι L
Y
bu
tton .
Dis p lay Am p
lifiers
Sp ecificatio n -Type 576
E xternal H
ori-
2 ο / ο 3 ο / ο 4 ο / ο 3 ο / ο
zontal (T h roug
h
I n te r face)
Leakage Collecto r
Su pp ly M o d e
Vertical E mitter 2 ο / ο ±1 3 ο /
ο ±1 4 ο / ο ±1 3 ο / ο ±1
Cu r rent
(VER T-
ηΑ ηΑ ηΑ ηΑ
ICA L Switch
set
between 10 ηΑ
and
2 mA)
Vertical Emitter Not A pp licable
5 ο / ο ±1 ηΑ
Current (VER T-
ICA L Switch
set to 5 ηΑ , 2
ηΑ or 1 ηΑ )
Η ο r ί z οη t αΙ
Collecto r or
Base Volts
VER TICA
L
switc h set
to :
1 μΑ o
r mo
r
e 2% ο 3 ο / ο 4 ο / ο 3 ο / ο
100 ηΑ , 10 N ot A pp licable 3% ο
plus
πΑ or 1 ηΑ 0 .025
V
fo r
eac h
vertical
d ivision
of
deflection
ο η t he
CRT
500 ηΑ , 50 N ot A pp licable 3% ο plus
ηΑ or 5 ηΑ
0 .125
V
for eac h
vertical
division
of
d eflection
ο π t h e
CR T
200 ηΑ , 20 Not
A pp
licable 3% ο plus
ηΑ or 2 ηΑ 0 .050
V
for eac h
vertical
d ivision of
d eflection
of t h e
C R T
Ste p Generator
Display
Dis p lay Acc u racies Dis p lay magnifie d (DIS-
Dis p lay
(οι '
οο f H ig h est On-
PL AY
O
FF S E T Selec-
Unmag-
Sc
r een Value)
f or switc h set to eit h er nifie
d
VER TΧ 10 or HO R IZ
X10) an d offset be-
tween
100 and
35 and10 and
40 divi- 15
d ivi- 0 d ivi-
sions
ions sions
N ormal and
DC
Collecto r Su pp ly
Mo d es
Vertical Col-
2% ο 3% 4%
3 ο / ο
lecto r
Cu r re n t
E xte r nal Ve r t- 2% ο
3% ο 4% ο 3%
ical (Through
Ι nterface)
H orizontal Col- 2% ο
3 ο
/
ο 4% ο 3 ο / ο
lector V olts
H orizontal
B ase
2%
3% ο 4% ο 3%
V olts

S p ecificatio n -Type 576
C R T and Rea d out
Ve r tical Ste p 3 ο / ο 4 ο / ο 5 ο / ο 4 ο / ο
Generator
H orizo n tal Step 3
ο / ο
4 ο / ο 5 ο / ο 4 ο / ο
Generator
Deflection Facto rs
Vertical
Collector Current 1 μΑ /division to 2 Α / d ivision in
1-2-5 se q uence .
E mitter Current 1 ηΑ / d ivision to 2 mA/ d ivision in
1-2-5 se q uence .
Step Generato r 1 ste p / d ivision .
H orizo n tal
Collector Volts 50 mV / d ivisio n to 200 V/divisio
n
in 1-2-5 se q uence
Base
V
olts
50 mV /division to 2 V/ d ivision in
1 25 se q uence .
In p ut Im p e d - At least 100 ΜΩ wit h H O R IZO N -
ance
TA L switc h set to 50 mV, 100 m V
an d 200
m V B AS E ; 1 ΜΩ wit hin
2
ο /
ο
wit h
switc h set
to
.5 V, 1 V
an
d
2 V .
Step Gene r ato r 1 ste p/d ivision
M aximum
Dis playe d
N oise
1 ο / ο or less, or
MAX PEAK V O L TS Switch
15
75 350 1500
Vertical
CO LLE CTO
R 1 Α 1 μΑ 2 μΑ 5 μΑ
E M ITT ER 1 ηΑ 1 ηΑ 2 ηΑ 5 ηΑ
H orizo
n tal
CO LLE CTO R 5 m V 5 m V 20 mV
200 m V
B AS E 5 mV 5 m V 5 mv 5
m V
Calibration C h ec k W it h DIS PL AY O FF S E T Selector
switc h set to N O RM (O FF ), s p ot is
d eflecte d10 d ivisions both vert-
ically and h orizontally with i n 1 .5 ο / ο
w h enever the CA L button is p r es-
se d .
W it h DIS PL AY O
FF S E T Selecto r
switc h set to Χ 10
M AG N I F I ER
(eit h er axis) the calib r ation
s p ot is
with i n 0 .5 ο / ο of ze r o s p ot
( p revious
Ιγ set to C R T
graticule cen te r )
w
hen CA L button is p ressed .
Vertical and Ηο r ί z- Coarse positioni ng in 5d ivisio n in-
ontal
P
osition Control c r eme n ts wit h in 0 .1 d ivision ; con -
tinuous fine p ositioning over at
least 5 d ivisions for each coarse pos-
ition .
Dis p
lay Offset Vertical or H o r izontal offset of d is-
p lay centerline value up to 10 d ivis-
io n s in 21 half d ivision ste p s .
Display
Positioning Sp ot p ositioning wit h ch ange in
Accuracy U sing P O L A R ITY switc h setting (usi ng
P
O
L
A R
ITY Switch
AC p osition as r eference), wit h in
0 .1 d ivision of :
V ertically H orizontally
AC
Centere dCen te r ed
+( ΝΡΝ ) -5 d ivisions -5 d ivisions
-( ΡΝΡ ) +5 d ivisio n s +5 d ivisions
CRT
Ty p e
E lectrostatic deflectio n .
Sc r een Size
Calibrate d area of 10 d ivisions by
10 d ivisions ; 12 u sable divisions
h orizontally (1 d ivision eq uals 1
cm) .
Ty pical Accel- 4000 V
lerating P oten-
tial
R ea d o u ts
Automatic d igitally lig h ted dis p lay .
R ea dout is
automatically blan ked if
rea d ings wo u l dbe outside t
he avail-
able r anges or would give er r oneous
d is p lay .
PER VER T DI
V 1 ηΑ to 20 Α calculate d from VER-
TICA L switc h setting, DIS PL AY
O FF SE T Selector switc h setting
and M OD E switc h setting (o r Χ 10
Vertical Interface I np ut) .
PER H O R IZ DI V 5 m V to
200 V calc u late d from
H O R IZO
N
TA
L switc h setting and
DIS PL AY O
FF S
E
T Selecto r switc h
setting
PER STEP S
5
ηΑ to
2
Α and5
mV to 20 V cal-
cu late d from A MPL IT U D
E switc h
setting an d .1 Χ ST
EP MUL T b ut-
ton p osition (or X10 Step I n
terface
In p ut) .

βο rg m
PER DI V
Ch aracteristic
Tem p erature
N ono p erating
1 μ to 500 k calculated from VER-
TICA L switc h setting, DIS PL AY
O FF S E T Selector switc h setting,
A
MPL IT U D E switc h setting, .1X
ST
EP MUL T button position, Χ 10
V ertical Interface In p ut an d Χ 10
Ste p Interface In p ut .
P ower R equiremen ts
Table 1-2
ENV I RO NMEN TA L C H A R
ACT ER ISTICS
-40 0 C to +65 °
C
Information
Specification-Ty p e 576
TA BLE 1-3
ME C HAN ICA L C H A R ACT
ER ISTICS
U
seful
O p
eration 0 °
C to +50
°
C
Specifie d Op eration +10
° C
to +40
°
C
Altitu de
N ono p erating To 50,000 feet
Operati n g To 10,000 feet
V ib r ation
O p erating
15 minutes along each axis at
0 .015
inc h with fre q ue ncy
varie d from
10-50-10
c/s in 1-minute cycles .
T h ree minutes
at any resonant
point o r at 50
c/s .
Shock
N ono p erating
30 g's, 1/2 si n e, 11 ms d uration, 1
s hock p er axis . Total of 6 shock s
Transp ortatio n 12
inc h p ac k age d ro p . Q u alifie d un-
der t
h eN ational Safe Tran sit Com-
mittee test p roce
d ure 1 Α .
P ower Connection T h is instrument is d esigne d
for
o pe r ation f r om p owe
r source wit h
its neu tral at or n ear groun d (eart h )
p otential . It is not inten ded fo
r
o p eration f r om two ph ases of
multi- ph ase system, or across
legs
of single- ph ase, t hr ee wi r e system .
It is
p r ovi de d with α t h ree-wire
p owe r cor d with three-terminal
p olarize d plug for connectio n to
t he p ower source . T h ir d
wire is
d i r ectly connecte d to
instrument
fr ame, and
is inten de d to groun d
t he
inst r ument to p r otect op erating
personnel, as recommen de d by
national an d inte r national safety
co d es .
L ine V oltage R anges 115
V AC 230 V AC
L ow
90 V to 110
V 180 V to 220 V
M e d ium 104 V to 126
V 208 V to 252 V
H ig h112
V to
136 V 224 V to 272 V
L ine F re quency R ange 48 to 66 H
z
M axim u m
P
ower
305 W,3 .2 Α
Consum
p tion at 115
V
AC,
60
H z
C h aracteristic
Descri p tio n
Dimensions
H eig h t
-15 i nch es
W idt h
-11 3/4 inc h es
De p t h
-23 1/4 inc h es
W eig h t
-69
lbs .
F inis h
F ront P anel (Ty p e
576 an
d Stan
d
ar d
Test Fixture)
Ano d ize d Aluminum
Cabin et lue vi n yl p ainte d aluminum
Trim and R ear
Pan el
Oatin finis h e d c hr ome

General
T
h is section of t he instr u ction
manual p rovi d es informa-
tio n necessary for operating t
he Ty p e 576 and for using it
to test va r ious semicond uctor
d evices . Include d are set u p
p r ocedu res, α d escription of t he
Type 576 controls an d
con n ecto r s, α d iscussion of t he t heory
of t he i n st r ume n t, α
first time o p eration p roce du r e, a n d
general op erating info r -
mation
. Also i n clu d ed is α section d
esc r ibing t he use of t he
Ty p e 576 for measu r
ing t he ch aracte r istics of various semi-
con d ucto r d evices .
Cooling
S
E CTIO N
2
O PER
A TI N G
I
N ST
RU CTIO
N S
C h ange info r mation, if any, affecti ng th
is section will b e found at
t h e rear of t he ma n ual .
I N ITIA L CO N SID ER
ATIONS
T he Ty p e 576 maintains α safe
op e r ating tem p e r atu r e
w h en op erate d in an ambient
tem p e r atu r e of 0 ° C (122 °
F) . A d e q uate clearance on all
si d es of t he instrume n t
s hou l d be p r ovide d to ass
u re f r ee air flow a nd d issi p atio n of
h eat away f r om t h e instrument
. Α t h ermal cu tout in t he
instrument p
r ovides t he r mal p rotection by d isconnecting
t h e p owe r to t he
i n strument if t h e i n ternal tem p eratu r
e
excee d sα safe op
e r ating level . Power is au tomatically
resto r e d w h en t he tem p
eratu
r
e r et u rns to α safe level . It
shou ld be noted t h at t he instrument
will tur n off un d e r
ce r tain conditions of h ig h collector su pp
ly cur r ent ou t p ut
or
h ig h ste p gene r ator cu r rent Output
even t h oug h t he
inst r ume
n
t is
being op erate d in an ambient tem p
erature
w h ic h is wit h
in t he s p ecifie d r ange . See footnotes in t he
Specification section for furt h er info r mation .
O p
erating V oltage an d F re q uency
T he Ty pe 576 ca n be ope r ate d fr om eit
h
er
α 115-volt or
α 230-volt
line voltage source . T he L I NE VO L TAG
E S E-
LE CTO
R assembly, locate d on t he rear panel, allows con
-
version
of t he instrument so t h at it may be o p
erate d from
one line voltage or t he ot h er . In a dd
ition, t h is assembly
c h anges t he connectio n s of t h e p ower
transformer p rima r y
to allow
selectio n of one of t h ree
regulating ranges (see
Table 2-1) . T he assembly also includes
t he two line f u ses .
Wh en t h e i nstrument is converte d from
115-volt to 230-volt
ope r atio n or vice versa, t h e assembly
selects t he p ro p er fuse
to p r ovi de t he correct p rotection for
t he inst r ument .
T he Ty p
e
576 may
be ope r ate d f r om eit he r α50 Hz
or α
60 Hz line
fr eq uency .
In
o r der to sync hr onize th
e ste p
ge ne r ato r wit h t he collecto r su p ply,
t he 60 H z-50 Hz
switc h , locate
d
on
t he Ty pe 576 r ea r p
anel below the L I NE
Ty pe 576
V O L TAG ES ELE CTO R assembly, must be set
to t he posi-
tion w h ic h corres pon d s to t he line fre q uency
being u
se d .
U se t he
following p r oce d u re to conve r t t h is instrument
between line
voltages, regulating ranges or line fre que n cies :
1 . Disconn
ect t h e inst r ument from t he p ower source .
TA BLE 2-1
R egulati ng R anges
F ig . 2-1 . Line V o
l tage Selector assembly an d 60 H z -50 Hz sw i tc h
on t h e rear
panel (s h own wit h cover removed) .
R eg u lati ng R an ge
R an ge Selecto
r 115 V olts
230 V olts
Switch
P ositio n N omi n al
N
omi
n al _
L O (switc
h bar in 90 to 110 volts
180 to 220 volts
left h oles)
Μ (switc h ba r in 104 to 126 volts
208 to 252 volts
mi dd
le h oles)
Η Ι (switc h bar i n 112 to 136
volts 224 to 272 volts
rig h t holes)

OperatingInstructions-Type 576
2-2
Fig . 2-2 .
Front-panel controls, connectors and readout .

2 . L oosen th
e
two captive screws w hich hol d th e cover
onto t
he
voltage
selector
assembly, t
h
en pull to r emove t he
cover .
3 . To convert from 115-volt to 230-volt line voltage or
vice versa,
pull
out t he V oltage Selector switc h bar (see F ig .
2-1) ; turn it 180 ° and p l ug it back i n to t he remaining h oles .
C h ange t he line-cor d p ower plug to matc h t he power-source
rece p tacle or use α 115-to-230-volt a d a p ter .
4 .
To
ch ange
regulating r anges, pull out t he R ange Se-
lector switc h bar (see F
ig . 2-1) sli de it to t he d esire d p osi-
tion and p lug it back in .
Select α range w h ic h is centere d
about t h e average line
voltage to w h ic h t h e instrument is to
be connecte d (see Table 2-1 ) .
5 . R e-install t h e cover and tig h ten t h e
two ca p tive
screws .
6 .
To
convert
from o p eration wit h 60 H z line fre q
uency
to op eration
wit h 50 H z line fre q uency (or vice
versa), sli de
t h e 60 H z-50 H z
switc h (see Fig . 2-1) to t he p
osition w h ic h
coinci d es with t h e line fre q
uency being use d .
7 . Before a p p lyi n g
power to t he i n strument, ch ec k t h at
t he in d icating
tabs on t h e switc h bars are p rotru d ing
t h roug h t he correct
holes in t he voltage selector assembly
cover for t h e desire
d li n e voltage and regulating range .
T h e Ty p e 576 s h oul d not b e o p erate
d wit h t he V olt-
age
Selector switc h or t he R an ge Selector switc h in
t he wrong position for t
he line voltage app lied .
Operation of t he instrument
with eit h er of t h ese
switc h es i n t h e wrong p osition
will cause incorrect
op eration and may damage t
h
e
instrument .
CO N T R O L S, CO NNE CTO RS A N D
RE ADO UT
All controls and
connectors r e q uire d for normal
o p era-
tion of t h e Ty p e
576 are locate d on t he front
an d rear
panels of t
he i nstrument and on t he front panel
of t h e
stan d ard test
fixture (see F igs . 2-2 an d
2-3) . In a dd ition,
rea d out of
some of t h e instrument functio
n s h as been pro-
vi ded
on t he front p anel . F amiliarity
wit h t he functio n an d
use of eac h of
t h ese controls, connectors
and t he rea dout is
necessary for
ef f ective op eration of t h e
instr u ment . T he
functions are
describe d in t he following
table .
Controls
CA
U
TIO
N
C R T and R ea d o u t
I N T EN SITY

Controls brig
h tness
of d is p lay .
Control
F OC U S
Control

play definition .
Provides a d j ustment for op timum d is-
RE ADO U T

Co n
trols brig
h
t n ess of rea dout .
Fi g . 2-3 . Rear-panel cont r o l s .
Ι LLUM
Control
SCA LE I LLUM

Controls graticule
illumination .
Control
Connector
CA MER A
PO WER
Connector
R ea d ou ts
PER VER T

Rea d out in d icates deflection
factor of
DI V R
ea
d
out

vertical d is p lay as viewe d on CR T .
PER
H O R IZ

R ea dout indicates d eflection factor of
DI
V
R eado
u t

h orizontal d is p
lay
as viewed
on
CR T .
PER ST EP
R
ea
dou t
β ORgm
PER DI V
R ea dout
VER
TICA L
C URREN
T/DI
V
Switch
O p e r atin g I n
structions-Ty p e 576
Provi d es +15 volts
for op
eration
of
came r a .
R ea dout in d icates
am
p
litu de
p
er ste
p
of
Step Generator
output
.
R ea d out in d icates beta or trans-
con d uctance per division of CRT dis-
play,
Dis p lay Se n sitivity a n d P ositioning
Selects vertical d eflection factor of
dis-
p lay .
COLLECTOR-Normal op eration
of i nstrument . V ertical d is p lay re p -
resents
collector cur r ent . U se blac k
units to d ete r mine
vertical deflec-
tion factor .
2-3

O p erati n g Inst ru ctions-Type 576
DIS PL AY O
FF
SE T
Selector Switch
C EN T ERL IN
E
VA LUE Switch
H O R IZO
N TA L
VO L TS/DI V
Switch
2- 4
EMITTER-Operation of i n stru-
ment wit h M OD E switc h set to
LE A K AG E ( E M ITT ER C UR-
RENT) . V ertical d is p lay re p rese n ts
emitte r cu rrent . U se orange units to
determine vertical d eflection facto r .
ST EP G EN -Ste ps in d icating Step
Generator output a r e dis p laye d
vertically . A MPL IT UD E switc h set-
ting
per
division
dete r mines ve r tical
d eflection factor .
Allows
selection
of d
is p
lay
offset or
display offset an d magnification
.
N O R M (O FF )-Disp lay offset is not
ope r able .
H O R IZ Χ 1-Allows h orizontal d is-
play to be offset u sing calib r ate d
C EN T ERL I NE V A LUE switc h .
VER TΧ 1-Allows ; vertical d is p lay
to be offset u sing calib r ated C
EN-
T ERL I
NE V A LUE switc h .
Η Ο R Ι Ζ

X10-Horizontal

dis p lay
mag n ified by 10 times . Allows h ori-
zon tal d isplay to be offset usi ng
calibrated C EN T ERL I NE VA LUE
switc h .
VER T X10-Vertical d is p lay magni-
fie d by 10 times . Allows ve r tical
d is p lay to be offset using calibrate d
C EN T ERL I- NE V A LUE switc h .
(Clea r p lastic flange with n umbers on
it) P rovi d es calibrated offset of dis-
play .
Χ
1
(VER T o r H O R IZ)- N umbe r οη
C EN T ERL I NE
V A LUE switc h
a pp ea r ing in bl ue win d ow r e p
re-
sents number of divisions centerline
of d is p lay is offset eit h
er
vertically
o r h orizontally
from
zero offset
li ne .
Χ 10 (VER T or H O R IZ)- N umber
on C EN T ERL I NE VA LUE switc h
a pp eari ng in bl ue window multi-
p lie dby 10 represents nu m b er of
d ivisio n s ce n terline of d is p lay is off-
set eit h er vertically or h orizontally
from zero offset
line .
Selects t he h orizontal d eflectio n factor
of d is p lay .
CO LLE CTO R -
H orizontal d is p lay
re p r esen ts collector voltage to
g r o un d .
B AS E - Ho r izontal d is p lay re p
re-
sents b ase voltage to g r oun d .
ST EP G EN -Ste p s in d icati ng Step
Gene r ato r outp ut a re d is p laye d
ho r izo n tally . A MPL IT U DE switc h
setting p er d ivisio n dete r min es h o r i-
Z
ER O B utton
CA L Bu tton
DIS PL AY I NVER T Inverts d is p lay vertically andh orizon-
B utton

tally abo u t center of CRT .
P OSITIO N
Switch

Pr ovi d es coarse p ositio n ing of h orizon-
( H orizontal)

tal d is p lay .
F I NE P OSITIO N

P rovi d es fine p ositioning of h orizo n tal
d is p lay .
Control
( H orizo n tal)
P OSITIO N Switch

P rovi d es fi ne
( V ertical) d is p lay .
zon
tal d eflectio n
factor .
Pr ovi d es α
ze
r
o reference
for
t h e
d is-
p
lay .
N ORM-Wh en DIS PL AY O FF S E T
selector switc h is set to N O RM
(OFF), ZERO button p rovi d es
p oint on CRT of ze r o vertical and
h orizontal deflection for a d j usting
positio n controls .
DIS PL AY O FF SE T- Wh
en DIS-
PL AY O FF SET Selector switc h is
in one of fo u r d is p lay offset p osi-
tions, Z ER O button p r ovi d es ref-
erence p oint on C R T w h ic h must
be positione d to ve r tical ce n te r line
( h orizo n tal offset) or to h orizontal
centerli n e (vertical offset) to i n sure
t h at
t
he
C EN T ERL I NE V A LUE
switc h setting
a pp
lies
to ce n te r line .
(S
h oul
d always be ch ec ked wit h
DIS PL AY
O
FF
SE
T
Selector switc h
is
set
to
M
AG N I F I ER .)
P rovi d es signal w h ic hsh o u
ld ca
u se
10
divisions of ve r tical an d h o r izontal d e-
flection for c h ec k i ng calib r
atio n of
ve r tical andh orizontal
am p lifiers .
N O R M -Wh en
DIS PL AY O FF SET
selector
switc h is set to N O RM
(O FF ), CA L button pr
ovi d es p oint
on
C R T of 10 d ivisio
n s of vertical
an d h orizontal
d eflection .
DIS PL AY O FF SE T- W hen DIS-
PL AY O FF SET Selector switc h is
i n one of fou r dis p lay offset p osi-
tions, CA L button p rovides signal
w h ic h
s
h
oul d
cause refe
r ence p oi n t
on CRT to a pp ear on vertical cen-
terline ( h orizontal offset)
or on
h orizontal ce n terline (vertical off-
set), assuming zero r efe r ence p oint
was p roper ly a d ju ste d . (C h ec k
s h oul d be p erfo r me dwith DIS-
PL AY O FF SE T Selecto r switc h set
to MAG N I F I ER .)
positioni ng of ve r tical

F I NE P OSITIO N
Cont r ol ( V e r tical)

dis p lay .
Controls
MAX
PEAK
V
O L TS
Switch
PEAK
P
O WER
W ATTS Switch
V
A R IA BLE CO L -
LE CTO R S UPPL Y
Cont r ol
PO
L A R ITY Switch
M OD E Switch
Pr ovides fine p ositioning of vertical
Collecto r
S
up p ly
Selects r ange of VA R IA BLE CO LLE C-
TO
RS UPPL Y co n t r ol . Switc h is loca-
te d b elow
PEAK
P O WER W ATTS
switc h an d ra n ge is i n d icated by w h ite
a rr ow . Wh en switc h is set to 75,
350
and 1500, p r otective box must be use d
with Sta nd ar d Test F ixt u res (see sec-
tio n on i n te r loc k system) .
Selects n omi n al p ea k p owe r outp
ut of
Collecto r
S
u pp ly,
by selecting r esist-
an
ce
in series wit
h
Co l lecto r Su pply
outp ut .
PEAK
P
O WER W ATTS is
i nd icate d by
num b e r on tra nspa r ent
switc h flange a pp eari
n g
above w h ite
MAX PEAK VO L TS in dicator .
S ER I E S RE SISTO R S are i n dicate dby
b lac k i ndicato r . PEAK P O WER
W ATTS switc h must be pu lle d out to
set nominal p ea k p owe r outpu t . Wh en
PEAK P O WER W ATTS switc h is set,
se r ies r esistance is automatically
ch ange d to main tain d esi r
ed nominal
p ea k power ou t p ut w hen
MAX PEAK
V O L TS switc h setti ng is ch ange
d .
Allows varying of collector supply
voltage with in r an ge set by MAX
PEAK VO L TS switc h .
Selects pola r ity of Collector Sup p ly
voltage
andSte
p Ge ne r ator ou t p ut .
-( ΡΝΡ )-Collector S upp ly voltage
an d StepGenerato r o u t p ut a r e
negative-going .
+(
ΝΡΝ )-Collector Su pp ly voltage
and Step Gene r ato r outpu t a r e
p ositive-going .
AC-Collector Su pp ly voltage is
both positive- and negative-going
(sine wave) ; Step Generator ou tput
is positive-going . Wh en switc h is set
to AC positio n , use .5 Χ step r ate
and no r mal mo de of op eration .
Selects mo d e of ope r atio n of Collecto r
Su pp ly .
N O RM - N ormal Collector S u pply
o u t p ut is obtaine d .
DC

(ANTI LOOP) -Collector
Sup-
ply out p ut is DC voltage e q u al to
pea k value set by V A R IA BLE CO L -
LE CTO RS UPPL Y cont r ol .
L OO P I NG
CO MPE NSATIO N
Co n t r ol
CO LLE CTO R
S UPPL Y
RE SET
Bu tton
L ig h ts
CO LLE CTO R
S UPPL Y V O L T-
AG E DISA BLE D
L ig h t
Co n t r ols
C URREN T
L I M IT Switc h
STEP /O FF SE T
A MPL IT U D E
Switc h
O
FF
SE T
Bu ttons
O pe rati ng
I
n
st ru ctions-Ty p e 576
LE A K AG
E (EMITT
ER
C
UR-
REN T)- V
e
r tical sensitivity is in-
creased 1000 times . V ertical ampli-
fie
r measu r es emitter cu rrent . Col-
lecto r Su pp ly mode set for DC volt-
age ou t pu t .
Allows a d j ustme n t of looping compe n -
sation . Allows compe n satio n of inter-
nal a n d a da p ter st r ay capacitance .
Does not compe n sate for d evice
ca-
pacita n ce .
Resets Collector Su pp ly
if it h as been
d isable d by inte
r na l ci r cu it b r ea ke r .
Collecto r Su pp ly is
t u rned off w hen -
eve r maxim u m c urr en t r
ating of trans-
fo r mer
primary of 1 .2 Ampe r
es is ex-
cee d ed .
P
O WER ON-OFF Cont r
ols in p ut p ower
Switc h
P O W ER L ig h t

L ig h ts w h en p owe r is on
.
to i n st ru me n t .
In d icates Collector
Su pp
ly
voltage h as
been disable d . L ig h
ts w hen Collecto r
Su p ply may present
α pote n tially
dan gerous
voltage at its ou tput . In
such α case,
use of p r otective b ox is
re q ui r
ed to enable Collecto r Supply .
Also lig h
ts w hen h ig h c ur re n t gen -
e r ate
d by Collecto r Su p ply or Ste p
Gene
r ator causes inst r ume n t to ove r -
h eat .
Ste p Gene r ato r
Selects nu mber of steps p e r family of NUMBER O F
STEP S Switch Ste p Gene r ato r out p u t .
P rovides c u rrent limit of t he Ste p Gen-
e r ato r outp ut w hen voltage ste p s a r e
being p ro d uce d .
Selects am p lit ude p e r ste p of ste p s an
d
offset of Ste p Gene r ato r out p ut .
Am p litu d es wit h in blac k arc rep r esent
cu rr
ent
steps ; wit h in yellow arc, volt-
age ste p
s
.
Note
cautio non
front-
p
anel
w hen usi ng voltage steps .
Allows offsetting of Step Generato r
outp ut using O FF S ET M UL T con t r ol .
ZERO-No offset available
.
AID-Allows ze r o
ste
p
of
StepGen-
e r ato r o u t p ut to be o f fset as many
as 10 ste p s above its ze r o offset
level .
2- 5

O p erating Instructions-Type 576
O FF S
ET M UL T
Cont r ol
ST
EP
S
B utton

P rovides
PUL S ED ST EP S
B utto n s
ST EP F AM I LY
Bu ttons
R AT E B uttons
2-6
O
PP OS E -Allows zero
ste p of Ste p
Generator outpu
t to be offset as
many as 10
ste p s below its zero off-
set level .
P rovi d es calibrated offset of
ste p Gen-
erato r outp ut to ±10
times AM PL I-
T UD E setting w hen eit he
r O FF SET
AID or O FF S
ET
O
PP
OS
E button is
p r essed .
ste p s of normal du ration
(ste p lasts for entire
p
erio d of r
ate
cycle) .
Allows Ste p Generator outp ut to be
a pp lie d to Device U nde r Test for only
αpo r tio n of no r mal ste p d uration .
Pu lse d ste p s occu r at p ea
kof Collector
Sup p ly o u t p u t .
300 μ s-Selects p ulse d ste p s with
d
uration of 300 μ s . Collecto r Sup-
ply is automatically switc h e d to DC
mo d e .
80 μ s-Selects pulse d ste p s wit h
d u ratio n of 80 μs . Collector Sup p ly
ί s a u tomatically switc he d to DC
mo d e .
300 μs and
80 μ s- Wh en buttons
are
p
r
esse d toget h er, selects pu lsed
ste
p
s
wit hd uration of 300 μs ; h ow-
ever, Collector Su pp ly is not auto-
matically switc he d to DC mo de .
Allows
ste p s to be gene r ate d in re p eti-
tive families or one family at αtime
.
ON
REP - P rovi d es re p etitive Ste
p
Generato r outp ut .
O FF SI NG LE - Pr ovi d es one family
of ste p s w h
en ever button is presse d .
Once button h
as been p resse d , Ste p
Gene r ator
is turne d off until
presse d again
or until ON REP but-
ton is pressed .
Selects rate at
w h ic h ste ps are gene r a-
te d .
N O R
M- P rovi d es normal Ste pGen-
erato r rate of
1 Χ normal Collector
Su pp ly r
ate (120 ste p s p er secon d
for 60
H z line fre q uency) .
2X-Provides rate of two times nor-
mal rate .
.5X-Provides
rate of one h alf nor-
mal
r
ate .
2 Χ and .5X- Wh en buttons a r e
p resse d toget h er, p rovi d es normal
rate but wit h ste
p
transistions oc-
curing at p ea k of Collector Su pp ly
sweep .
ST
EP /O FF SE T
P O L A R ITY IN-
VERT B utton
ST
EP MUL T .1 Χ
B utton
Controls
Te r minal
Selector
Switc
h
LEF T-O FF-R IG HT
Switch
Inte r loc k
Switch
Connectors
A dap
ter
Connectors
2Χ
and
.5X-Provides normal rate
but with ste p transitio n s occur r ing
at p ea
k of Collecto r Su pp ly sweep .
Allows ch
ange of p olarity of StepGen-
erator
out p ut (from p olarity set by
P
O
L A R ITY switch ) .
P rovides 0 .1
times multiplication of
ste p am p litu d e,
but
does
not effect
offset .
Stand ard
Test F ixture
Selects way in w
h
ic
h Ste p Generator is
a pp lie d to Device U
nder Test . In all
positions Collector Su pp
ly output is
connected to Collector
terminal .
EMITTER GR O UN D
E D- E mitter
of Device U nd er Test is
connecte d
to groun d .
ST EP G EN -Ste
p Gene r ator is
ap p lie d to base
te r minal of
Device Und
er Test . N o r mal op-
erating p osition
.
OPEN (O R ΕΧΤ )- B ase te r minal
of Device Under Test op en . Ex-
ternal signal a pp lie d to ΕΧΤ
B AS E O R EMITINPUT connec-
tor, will be app lie dto base ter-
min al .
SHOR T- B ase terminal of
De-
vice Und er Test is s
h
orte
d to
emitter terminal
.
B AS
E
G R O UN
D E D- B ase terminal
of Device
U n d er Test is connecte d
to ground
. Step Generator polarity
is inverted .
OPEN (O R ΕΧΤ )- E
mitter ter-
minal of
Device Un d er Test is
op
en . E xternal signal a p plie d to
ΕΧΤ B AS
E
O
R
EMIT
I NPU T
con nector,
will
be a
pp lie d to
emitter terminal
.
STEP G EN -I n verte d Ste
pGen-
e r ator out p u
t is a pp lie d to emit-
ter of
Device Un d er Test .
Selects w h ic h device
(c h oice of 2) is to
be teste d , left or rig
h t .
E nables Collector Su pp ly w hen P rotec-
tive Box is in p lace an d li d is close d .
Allows connection of various test
ad a p te r s to Stan d ar d Test F ixture .
Connecto r s will acce p t stan d ar d size

ST EP G EN O UT
Connector
ΕΧΤBAS E O R
EMITINPUT
Connector
GR
O
UN D
Connector
L ig h t
Caution L
ig h t
Controls
L
ine Voltage
Selector
Switch es
60 H z-50 H z
Switch
tions h i p w h ic h
banana plugs if some ot h er means of
connecting Device Un d e r Test to
Stan d ar d Test Fixture is d esire d . C, Β
an dΕ stan d for collector, base and
emitter, res p ectively . Unlabele d termi-
nals allow K elvin sensi n g of voltage for
h ig h current devices .
Ste
p
Ge n erator
output signal a pp ears
at t
h
is connecto
r .
Allows in p ut of
externally generate d
sig n al to eit h
er
base
terminal or emit-
ter terminal of
Device Under Test as
determine d by
Terminal Selector
Switc h .
P rovi d es external access to groun d ref-
erence .
R ed lig h t on, in d icates Collector Su p -
p ly is enable d an d d angerous voltage
may app ear at collector terminals .
R ear Panel
Switch assembly
selects
op-
erating voltage an d line voltage
range .
Also inclu d es line fuses .
Voltage Selector-Selects op
e
r ating
voltage (115 V or 230 V) .
R ange Selector-Selects line voltage
range (low, me d ium, hig h ) .
Allows conve
r sion of i n st r ument
for
op
eration wit h eit h er 60 Hz
or 50 Η 7 line fre q uency .
FR ON T P A NEL CO L O RS
T h e various colors on t he front- p anel of t he Ty pe 576
and Stan d ar d Test Fixture in d icate relations h i ps between
controls and control functions . Table 2-2 s h ows
in d icates . eac h color
Table 2-2
Colors an d Controls
t he rela-
Yellow
Blac k ( B uttons)
Dark Grey
( B uttons)
O pe r ati n g Instructio n s--Ty p e 576
I nd icates controls and statements as-
sociated with t he voltage mo de of op-
eration of t heStep Generator .
In d icates function controlle d by α
si n gle button, w h ic h is release d for
most common app lications .
In d icates function controlle d by seve r -
αΙ buttons, an d t h e d ar k grey button is
p resse d for most common a pp lica-
tions .
PRE
CA U TIO N S
Α number of t
h e
Ty p
e
576 front- p
anel controls coul
d ,
t
h
roug h im
p
ro p
er use, cause
damage to
t h e device
und
er
test . Fig . 2-4 indicates t he a r ea of t h e Ty pe 576 front panel
w h ere t h ese con trols are locate d . Care s h oul d be exercise d
w
h en
using
controls locate d in t h is area .
Fig . 2-4 . Co n trols locate d in lig h t area of
Type 576 fr
on t- p a n el
co u ld cause damage to α device unde
r test if use d im pr
op er
ly .
G
ENER A L D E SC R I P TIO N O F IN ST RU M EN T
O PER ATIO N
Th e Ty p e 576 is α semicon d uctor tester w h ic h d is p lays
an d allows measurement of both static and d ynamic semi-
cond uctor ch aracteristics obtaine d und er simulate d o p era-
ting con d itions . T he Collector Sup ply an d t he Ste p Genera-
tor p ro d u ces voltages and currents w h ic h are a pp lie d to t he
d evice un d er test . T he d is p lay am p lifiers measure the
effects of t h ese app lie d con d itions on t he d evice und er test .
2- 7
Color R elatio n s h i p
Gree n In d icates
controls
w
h
ic
h affect t h e
Step Generator p olarity .
Bl ue In d icates controls and
statements as-
sociate d with d is p lay
offset .
Orange In d icates relations h i p of LE A K AG E
(EM ITT ER C URREN T) mo de with
t he VER TICA Lan d HO R IZO N TA L
switc h es .

O p erati n g
Instructions-Ty p e576
V e r tical
Deflectio n
P lates
Horizontal
Deflectio nP lates
F ig . 2-5 . Bas i
c
Block
diagram
test .
sh owing ty p
ical
co n nect
i
ons o
f
Collector S upp ly, Ste p Generator and D is p lay Am p l i fiers to t he device un d e r
The r esult is families of c h aracteristics curves traced on α
CR T .
T he Collector Sup p ly circuit normally p ro d uces α full-
wave r ectifie d sine wave w h ic h may be eit h er positive- or
negative going . T h e am p litu de of t he signal can be varie d
from 0 to 1500 volts as d etermine d by t he MAX PEAK
VO L TS switc h an d t he VA R IA BLE CO LLE CTO RS UPPL Y
control
. T h is Collector S u pp ly ou tp u t is ap plie d to t he col-
lecto r (or e q uivalent) terminal of t he
d
evice ιι nde
r test .
T he Ste p Generator prod u ces ascen d ing ste p s of current
or voltage at αnormal rate of one ste p p er cycle of t h e
Collector Su pp ly . T h e amount of cu r r en t o r voltage p er
step is controlle d by t h e A MPL IT U D E switc h and t he total
number of ste
p s
is cont r olle d by t h
e
NUMBER O F ST EP S
switc
h . T h is Ste p Generator o
ut
pu t may be ap plie d to
eit h er t h
e
base or t he emitter (o r e q uivalent) terminals of
t he d evice unde r
test .
T he d is p lay am p lifiers a r econnecte d to t
he
d
evice
und er
test . T h
ese
am p lifiers meas
u
re th
e effects of
t
he Collector
Su pp
ly
an d of
t h e Ste p Generator on t he d evice und er test,
am
p
lify t he
measu
r
ements
and apply t he
r
esulting voltages
to t h e deflectio n p lates of t he CR T . T he se n sitivities of
t h ese am p lifiers are con trolle d by t
he
VER TICA L C
UR-
REN T/DI V switc h and t h e H OR IZO N TA L VO L TS/DI
V
switc h .
Fig . 2-5 is α bloc kd iag r am s h owi n g t he connection of
t h ese ci r cuits to t he device und er test for α ty p ical measure-
ment .
2- 8
F I R ST TIME O PER ATIO N
Wh en t he Ty pe 576 is receive d , it is calibrate d and
s h oul d be p erformi ng wit h in t he s p ecification s h own in Sec-
tion 1 . T he following p roce d ure allows t he operator to be-
come familiar wit h t h e front p anel controls
and
t h eir fu n c-
tions as well as how t hey
may be use d to d isplay transistor
or diodec
h
a r acte r istics . T
h
is p roce d ur e may also be use d as
αge n eral c h ec k of t he instr u ment's p erfo r mance . For α
check of t he instrument's op e r ation wit h res p ect to t he
s p ecification given in Section 1, t he Pe r formance C hec k an d
Calibration P roce d ure in Section 5 must be used .
1 . A pp ly powe r to t h e Ty p e 576 .
2 .
Allow
t he i n st ru ment to warm
up
for α few minutes .
Instr u ment s h oul dop erate with in s p ecifie d tolerances 5
minutes after it h as been tu r ned on .
3 . Set t he Ty p
e
576 an d Stan da r d Test Fixture front-
p anel controls as follows
:
RE
ADO U T Ι LLUM

F ully countercloc k wise
G R ATIC ULE Ι LLUM

Fully counterclockwise
I N T EN SITY

Fu lly cou nte r cloc k wise
FOC U S

Cente r e d
VER TICA L 1 mA

DIS PL AY O FF S E T

N
O RM (O FF )

C R T and R ea doutControls
Selecto r
C EN T ERL I NE VA LUE

0
H O R IZO N TA L 1 V CO LLE CTO R
V ertical
P
OSITIO N Centere d
V ertical F
I NE
P
OSITIO N Centered
H orizontal P OSITIO
N
Ce n tered
H o r izontal

Centere d
F I NE P
OSITIO N
ZERO

R elease d
CA L

R elease d
DIS PL AY I NVER T

R elease d
ΜΑΧ PEAK V O L TS

15
PEAK P O WER W ATTS

0 .1
V A R IA BLE CO LLE C-

F ully Co u ntercloc k wise
TO R S UPPL
Y
POLARITY AC
M OD
EN
O R M
L OO P I NG

As is
CO MPEN SATIO
N
NUMBER O F ST EP S

1
C URREN T L I M IT

20 mA
A MPL IT U D E

0 .5 μΑ
O FF SE T Z
ER O
ST EP S

Pr esse d
PUL SE D ST EP S

R eleased
ST
EP F
AM I
L Y
REP ON
R AT E
N O R M
P O L A R ITY I NVER T

R elease d
ST EP MUL T .1 Χ

R elease
d
Terminal Selector

B AS E T ER M
STEP G EN
LEF T-O FF-R IG H TO
FF
4 . Turn t he GR ATIC U LE Ι LLUM
control
t
h roug hout its
range . N ote t h at t he gratic u le lines become ill uminated
as
t he co n trol is tur ned cloc k wise . Set
t
he control
for d esire d
ill u mination .
5 . Tu r n t h e RE ADO UT Ι LLUM con trol t h roug hou t its
range . N ote t h at t h e fiber-optic rea d outs and t h e rea d out
titles become illuminate d as t h e control is turne d cloc k wise .
Set t h e control for t h e d esire d readout illumination . T he
rea dout s h oul d rea d fo r t h ese initial control settings ; 1 mA
per vertical d ivisio n , 1 V per h orizontal d ivision, 50 ηΑ p er
ste p an d 20 kβ or gm p er d ivision .
6 . Tu rn t he I NT EN
SITY control cloc k wise until αsp ot
a pp ears at t he cente r of t he C R T gr
aticule . To avoi d burn-
ing t he CRT ph os p h or, a d ju st t h e I N T EN
SITY control until
t he s p ot is easily visible, but n ot overly
brig
h
t .
7 . T ur n t he F OC US cont
r ol t h roug h o u t its range . A d -
ju
st t he F
OC U
S control for α s
h ar p ,
well-defined s p ot .
P
ositioning Controls
Operating Inst ru ctions-Ty pe 576
8 . Turn t h e ve r tical F I NE P
OSITIO N control t h roug h -
out its range . N ote t h at t he cont r ol h
as α ra n ge of at least
- 1 - 2 .5 d ivisions abo u t t he center h orizontal li
ne
.
Set t he con -
trol so t h at t he s p ot is centered vertically
on t h e C R T g r ati-
cule .
9 . R ep eat ste p 8 u sing t h e h orizontal F I NE P
OSITIO N
control .
10 . Turn t he vertical coa r se P
OSITIO N switc h . N ote
t h at t h e s p ot moves 5d ivisio ns
vertically each time t he
switc h is move d one p osition . (T h e
extreme
p
ositions of t he
switc h re p resent
10 d ivisions of d eflection, w h ic h in t h is
case causes
t h
e
s p ot to be off t he CRT graticule .) Set t he
P OSITIO N switc h to t he cente r p ositio n .
10 . Turn t he vertical coarse P OSITIO
N switc h . Note
t h at t he s p ot moves 5 d ivisions vertically eac h time
t
he
switc h
is
moved one p
osition
.
(T
he
most ext
r
eme p ositio n s
of
t he
switc h re
p
resent 10 d ivisions of d eflection, w h ic h in
t h is case causes the s p
ot to be
off
t h e CR T graticule .) Set
t he P
OSITIO
N switc h
to
t h e center p
osition .
11 . R ep eat ste p10 using t he h
orizontal coarse POSI-
TION
switc h .
12 . Set t he P O L A R ITY
switc
h
to -(
ΡΝΡ ) .
N ote t h at
t he s p ot moves to t he upper rig h t corner of t he CR T
grati-
cule .
13 . Set t h eP O L A R ITY switc h to +( ΝΡΝ ) . N ote t h at
t he spot moves to t he lower left co r ner of t he CR T g r ati-
cule .
V ertical an d H orizontal
Sensitivity
14 . Install t he d io dea d
ap
te r (Te k tr onix P
art
Νο .
2-
9

O p erating Instructio n s-Ty pe 576
EMENES
EMENNE
EMMMENNONN
NOMMEEMENE
NERNERNMON
NOWNSENNEW
MMMOMMEOMM
MEMERNMENN
1/1 " R ""ΝΕ SΗ"
S=/ WEE M
ENE
1 . V /D i v
mA/D iv
V e r tical
H o r izo n tal
R
τ
DIV
PER
ο
R
Ι
οιν
PER
β
mA
τ
50
Ε
Ρ
» Α
ρΕ R ~0 ii
DIV
Fig . 2-6 . Di s pl ay o f Ι vs . V f or α Ι k Ω resisto
r
u
sing vario us settings
o ft he V ERTI CA L and H O RIZ O NT A L switc h es .
013-0072-00) into
th e right- h an d set of
accessory connec-
to rs locate don t
he
Stan
d ar d Test F ixture
.
15 . Install α 1 k Ω , 1/2
watt
resistor
in t he d io de adap-
ter .
16 . Set t he LEF T-O FF-R IG
H T switc h to R
IG H T and
turn t he V A R IA BLE CO LLE CTO R
S UPPL Y control u ntil
α trace a pp ears d iago n ally across th
e CR T .
17 . Turn t he VER TICA L switc h cloc kwise and note
th at as t he vertical d eflection factor
decreases t h e slo p e of
the line d ecreases (see
F
ig . 2-6) . Turn
t h e VER TICA L
switc h countercloc k wise from t h
e
1 mA p osition and
note
th at t he slo pe increases . Also note t h at t
he PER VER T
DI
V
rea d out ch anges in accordance with t he p osition of t h e
VER TICA L switc h . R eset t he VER TICA L switc h to 1 mA .
18 . R ep eat ste p17 u sing t heH O R
IZO N TA L switc h
with in t he CO LLE CTO R range of t he switc h . T he change in
slo p e of t he trace will be t he inverse of w h at it was fo r t he
VER TICA L switc h . R eset t he H O R IZO N TA L switc h to 1
V CO LLE CTO R .
19 . P ress the Z ER O button . N ote t h at t he d iagonal
trace re d uces to α s p ot in t he lower left corne r of t he CRT
graticule . T h is sp ot d enotes t he p oint of zero d eflection of
the vertical an d
h
orizontal am
p lifiers . R elease
th
e ZERO
bu tton
.
20 .
P ress the CA L button . Note t h at t he d iagonal trace
re d uces to α s p ot in t h e u pp er rig h t corner of t he CRT
gratic
u le . T he p osition of th is s p ot in d icates 10 divisions of
d eflection bot h vertically and h orizontally . R elease t he
CA L
button .
21 . P ress t he DIS PL AY INVERT button and tu r n t he
V A R IA BLE COL LE CTO R S UPPL Y control counte r cloc k -
wise . Note t h at t h e d isplay h as been inverted an d is now
originating from t he u pp e r rig h t corner
of t he CRT grati-
cule . R elease t he DIS PL AY I
NVER T button .
2- 1 0
Fi g . 2-7 . T yp e 576 Standard T est F ixtu r e wit h pr otective box in-
stalled f o r sa fe operation .
Collector Su pp ly
22 . Turn t
he MAX PEAK V O L TS switc h t h roug hout its
range . Note t h
at w h en t he switc h is in t he 75, 350 and
1500 positions,
t he yellow lig h t co ι r ι es on .
23 . Wh ile t h e yellow lig h t is on, turn t he V A R IA
BLE
CO LLE CTO R S UPPL Y cont r ol fully cloc k wise . Note t
h
at
t he d iagonal line obtaine d in ste p16 does not a pp ear . Wh
en
t he yellow lig h t is on, t he Collector S u pp ly is d isable d .
24 . Set t h e following Ty pe 576 controls :
ΜΑΧ PEAK V O L TS

75
V A R IA BLE CO LLE CTO R

F ully countercloc k wise
S UPPL Y
LEF T-O FF-R IG H T O FF
25 . Install t he p
rotective
box on
t he Stan d ar d Test F ix-
ture as sh own in F ig .
2-7
.
26 . Close th e
li d of the p r otective box an d
set t h e
LEF T-O FF-R IG
HT switc h to R IG H T . N ote t h at t h e yellow
lig h t turns
off
an
d t h e re d lig h t t u rns on .
W A RN I N G
T he red
lig h t in d icates th at d an gerous voltages
may
a p pear at t h
e collector terminals of t heStan d ard Test
F ixture .
27 . Turn
t he V A R IA BLE CO LLE CTO RS
UPPL Y con-
trol cloc
k wise . Note t h at t he diagonal trace appears
in d ica-
ting t h at t he Collector Su pp ly h as
been enable d .

28 .
Set t he following Ty p
e 576 controls to :
MAX
PEAK VO L TS

15
VA R IA BLE CO LLE CTO R

F ully Counterclock wise
S
UPPL Y
(T
h e p r otective box may be r
emove d if d esire d .)
29 . Turn t he VA R IA
BLE CO LLE CTO RS UPPL
Y
con
-
trol until t he d iagonal trace
reac h es t h e center of t
he CRT
graticule . Pull
out on t he PEAK
P
O
WER W ATTS switc h
and set it
to 220 . N ote t h at t h ed iagonal trace lengt h ens as
t he switc h is turne d t h ro ugh its r
ange . Also note t h at t h e
S ER I E S RE SISTO RS d ecrease as t
he maximum p ea k power
is inc r ease d .
30 . Allow t he MAX
PEAK VO L TS switc h an d t he
PEAK P O WER W ATTS switc h to
become interloc ke d an d
switc h to 75 . Note t h at t he
maximum p ea k p ower value
r emains at 220 an d t h at t he S
ER I ES RE SISTO R S values
change .
31 . Set t he following Ty pe
576 controls to :
ΜΑΧ PEAK
VO L TS

15
PEAK P O WER W ATTS

0 .1
LEF T-O FF-R IG H T
O FF
32 . R emove t he resistor
from t he d io de a da p ter and
re-
p lace it with α silicon dio de
. Align t h e d io de so t h at its
cat h o d e is connecte d to
the emitter te r minal .
33 . Set th e LEF T-O FF-R
IG H T switc h to R IG
H T an d
turn t h eV A R IA BLE CO
LLE CTO R S UPPL Y cont r ol
cloc k -
wise
. N ote th e d is p lay of th
efo r ward voltage ch
aracteristic
of t
h e diod e . (see F ig . 2-8)
.
34 . Set
th e CO LLE CTO RS UPPL
Y P
O
L A R ITY switc h
to -(
Ρ
Ν
Ρ ) .
Note
t h e d is p lay of th e
reverse voltagec h arac-
teristic
of th e d io d e (see Fig . 2-8) .
Ρ Ε
ER ,0
DIV
F ig .
2S . Di s p lay o f f o r wa r d a nd reverse
b i as characteristics of a
signa
l d i
ode
.
Ope r ating Instr u ctions-Type 576
35 . Set t he following Ty pe 576 controls to :
P O L A R ITY

+ (
ΝΡΝ )
MOD E DC
Note t h at t he d is p lay of t he forwar d
voltage d iode ch ar-
acteristic h as become α s p ot . T
he s p
ot ind
icates the current
con d ucte d by t h
e
d io d
e
an
d
t
h evoltage across it .
36 . Turn t h e VA R IA BLE CO LLE CTO R S UPPL
Y con-
trol countercloc k wise . N ote t h at t
he s p ot traces out t he
d io de c h aracteristic .
37 .
Set t h e following Ty pe 576 controls to
:
VER
TICA L 1 μ , A
H O R IZO
N TA L 2 V CO LLE CTO
R
V
ertical P OSITIO N Dis p lay Centere d
VA R IA BLE CO LLE
C-

Fully Clock wise
TO R S UPPL Y
MOD E NO R M
LEF T-O FF-R IG HT LEF T
38 . A d j ust t h eL OO
P
I N G CO
MPEN SATIO N control for
minimum trace wid t h (see Fig .
2-9) .
tt
F
ig .
2-9
.
Ad j u st m ent of L OO
PIN G CO MPEN S ATI ON control .
39 . Set t h efollowi ng Ty p e 576 controlsto :
VER TIC A L

5 mA
V ertical P OSITIO N Switc h centere d
V A R IA BLE CO LLE
C-

Fu lly
Countercloc k wise
TO R S UPPL
Y
MOD E AC
LEF T-O FF-R IG H T O FF
2- 11
MONEEMIENNE
ν
Ε
R
i
πΑ
DIV
PER
ό
R
2
V
DIV
00000000
PER
MMENEINNEME
Τ
5ο
Ε
Ε
11 Α
NEEMENNEE
β
EMM
OWN
9 πι ~ Ε , η
PER L0
DIV
ιΟιιΝ
~ι
ν
Ε
MENEEMENNE
ΤπΑ
DIV
NEENEMENNE
PER
Η
MENNEENMEN
Ο
R
4
100
In v
NNENEEMMON
DIV
No 11 ---
C ; --- ----- E = -- ANN
PER
MENNEENFAME
Ρ
»
Ά
NNEMEMEMNE

O p e r ating Inst r uctions-Ty p e 576
40 . R emove t he dio d e f r om t h
e
dio d e a d ap te r and re-
p
lace it wit hα
8
volt Zener dio de . Align t he d io de so t h at
its cat h o d e is connecte d to t he emitter termi n al .
41 . Set t he LEF T-O FF-R IG HT switc h to RIG H T and
turn t he V A R IA BLE CO LLE CTO R S UPPL Y control cloc k -
wise . N ote t h at t he d is p
lay
s h ows bot h t he forwa r dand
r everse c h aracteristics of t he Zener diode (see F ig . 2-10) .
F ig . 2-10 . Di s pl ay o f Z ene τ d i ode Ι vs . V c h aracterist i c wit hPO-
LARITY switch
set to
AC .
Dis p lay Offset an d M agnifier
Note t he d is p lay of t he reve r se voltage cha r acteristic of
t he
Ze
n er d io de
.
43 . Position t he dis p lay to t he center of t h e CR T grati-
c ule wit ht h eve r tical P OSITIO N switc h (see Fig . 2-1 1 Α ) .
44
. Set t he DIS PL AY O FF SET Selector switc h to
H
O
R IZ Χ 10 . P ress t he Z ER O button an d , using
t h e h ori-
zontal
F I NE P OSITIO N cont r ol, a d ju st the sp otso th at it is
on
t
he
center ve r tical line of t he CR T gratic u le . T h is s p ot
p
osition re p resents the zero offset p ositio n . R elease the
Z
ER O
button a nd set th e DIS PL AY O FF S E T Selector
switc h to
H O R IZ Χ 1 .
45 . Turn t h e C EN T ERL I NE V A LUE switc h from t he 0
position cloc k wise, until t h e Zener brea kd own p ortion of
the d isplay is wit h in ±0 .5 divisions of t h e center ve r tical
li ne
(see F
ig . 2-11 Β ) . N ote t h e nu mberon t he C EN T ER-
L I NE VA LUE switc h w h ic ha pp ears in t he blue win d ow
below t he wor d DI V . T h is numbe r m u lti p lied by t he PER
HOR IZ DI V r ea d o u t value gives t he app roximate
val
ue
of
t he
brea
k d own
voltage of t h is
Zener
d io de
. F
or t
he
d io de
in
t h e exam p le s h own in F ig . 2-11, t h e a pp r oximate Ze n e r
brea k down voltage is 4 divisions times 2 V / d ivision = 8
volts .
46 . Set t he DIS PL AY O FF SE T Selecto r switc h to
2-12
H O R IZ Χ 10 . N ote t h at PER H O R IZ DI V rea d ou tvalue h as
changed to in d icate t h e 10 times multi p lication . By expan d -
ing t he scale, α meas urement
can
be made
of
t
h
at pa
rt of
t he c h aracteristic w h ic h was not quite
offset
to
t he center
vertical line of t he CR T g r aticule (see F ig . 2-11C) . T
h is
value w hen a dd ed to t h e a pproximate value (or subratcte d
:(
Α
)
NONE
ENNEE
ι
ι
Ι
Ι (C)
ι
Ι
ι
1
Ι
Ι
F--
Ι
ι
Ι
Εm
A
D Ιν
ΡΕ
ο
R
ι
.
Ε
Ρ
Τ
DIV
Ρ ΕΛ
Η
R
Ο
[~
2π0
Ζ Ιη ν
DIV
ΡΕ R
5ο
Ε
Ρ

» Α
β
PE R
DIV
5
2
ν
ε
MA
Ιι 00 ιε
F ig . 2-11 . Di s p lays o f m eas ur e m ent o f Z ene τ b r ea k down voltage
u s in g t h eDIS
PLA YO FF
S
ET
Selector
a n
d C ENTE R LINE
VALUE
sw
i
tc
h
es, ( Α
)
D IS
PLA Y
OFF
S ET
Selector sw i tc
h
set to ΗΟ
R ΙΖ Χ
1
and C ENTE R L I NE V A LU
E
sw i tc h set to 0 ; ( Β ) CE N TE R LINE
V ALUE sw i tc h set to
4
; (C) DI S PLA
YO
FF S ET Se
l
ector switc
h
set
to ΗΟ R ΙΖ Χ 10 .
Ζ
if t h e a pp roximate value was greater
t h
an
t h e actual value)
p ro d uces α
more exact measurement of t he brea kd own volt-
age . In t he exam p le sh own in F ig . 2-11, 400 m V s h ould be
one, B r ea kd ow n
V _oltag_e
JIM 0
loom
OMENS
ι .
ιι
r ι ~~ ιιιι
Ε
ΡΕΛ
Τ
D IV
WI Α
ι
__
1
ι
Η
Ο
R
PER
Η
Ο
R
2
ο
IV
PER
DIV
1
Ι Τ
10
PER
Τ
1
Ι
ι
ιιιιι
~~ ιιιι
Ρ Α Ε »
ΕΡ
» Α9m
PER
DIV
Ιιτι 0 Κ
PE R Ι 0 Ο Κ
DIV
rv V R
1(
Β
)Ε
DIV
Τ
» Α
1PER
Η
42 . Set th
e
following Type 576
cont r ols to :
ι
Τ 50
Ι
» Α
H
O
R IZO N TA L
2 V CO
LLE
CTO
R
Ι
β
oR
POLARITY
-( ΡΝΡ )
PER
PER
DIV
It l t0k