THORLABS Kinesis PFM450E User manual

HA0358T
PFM450E
Piezo Focus Mount and
Controller
Kinesis User Guide
Original Instructions

Page -1 ETN018233-D03
PFM450E Piezo Focus Mount and Controller
Contents
Chaper 1 Overview ..................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 1
1.2 Software Overview ............................................................................. 3
1.2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 3
1.2.2 Kinesis Server ......................................................................................... 3
1.2.3 Software Upgrades ................................................................................. 4
Chaper 2 Safety .......................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Safety Information ............................................................................. 5
2.2 General Warnings and Cautions ...................................................... 5
Chaper 3 Installation .................................................................................................. 6
3.1 Unpacking ........................................................................................... 6
3.2 Mounting ............................................................................................. 7
3.2.1 General ................................................................................................... 7
3.3 Installing the Focus Mount ............................................................... 7
3.4 Fitting/Changing the Objective ......................................................... 9
3.4.1 Angular Rotation ................................................................................... 10
3.5 Installing the Controller ................................................................... 11
3.5.1 Siting ..................................................................................................... 11
3.5.2 Environmental Conditions ..................................................................... 11
3.6 Installing the Software ..................................................................... 12
3.7 Electrical Connection ...................................................................... 12
3.7.1 Connecting To The Supply ................................................................... 12
3.7.2 Connecting The Hardware .................................................................... 13
3.7.3 Powering Down The Controller ............................................................. 14
3.7.4 Rear Panel Connections ....................................................................... 15
3.8 Front Panel Controls and Indicators ............................................. 17
3.9 Controller Schematic Diagram ....................................................... 18
Continued...

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Chaper 4 PC Operation - Tutorial ........................................................................... 20
4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 20
4.2 Using the Kinesis Software ............................................................. 20
4.3 Introduction to Open and Closed Loop Operation ........................ 22
4.4 Tuning ............................................................................................... 22
4.5 Limitations on the Displayed Position Values ............................... 23
4.6 Moving the Piezo Mount .................................................................. 24
4.6.1 Setting the Zero Position ...................................................................... 24
4.6.2 Entering the piezo position ................................................................... 24
4.6.3 Jogging the Piezos ............................................................................... 25
4.7 Using the Controller as a Piezo Amplifier ...................................... 26
4.8 Thermal Shutdown ........................................................................... 27
4.9 Using the MZF001 Joystick ............................................................. 27
4.10 Load Response ................................................................................. 28
Chaper 5 Software Reference .................................................................................. 29
5.1 GUI Panel .......................................................................................... 29
5.2 Settings Panel ................................................................................... 30
5.2.1 Persisting Settings to the Hardware ..................................................... 30
5.2.2 Advanced tab. ....................................................................................... 31
5.2.3 Filters tab. ............................................................................................. 33
Appendices
Appendix A Rear Panel Connector Pinout Detail ...................................... 39
Appendix A Preventive Maintenance ......................................................... 45
Appendix B Specifications and Associated Parts .................................... 46
Appendix C Piezo Operation - Background ............................................... 49
Appendix D Regulatory ............................................................................... 52
Appendix E Thorlabs Worldwide Contacts ................................................ 55

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PFM450E Piezo Focus Mount and Controller
Chapter 1 Overview
1.1 Introduction
Thorlabs’ PFM450E Piezo-Driven Focus Mount System provides 600 µm of travel in
open loop and 450 µm in closed loop and is designed specifically for visualizing
specimens or samples in applications such as confocal microscopy and 3D imaging.
The PFM450 Objective Mount is sold as a matched pair with the PPC001 closed-loop,
precision piezo controller for controlled focussing and active location feedback.
The stage offers a monolithic flexure made from hardened tool steel. It houses a
precision geometry capacitive feedback sensor that uses ultra-stable electrode plates
(rigid substrates coated with precious metal alloy layers. These sensors give correct
positioning with submicron repeatability and resolution on the order of 1 nm in open
loop and 3 nm in closed loop, making this product ideal for applications that require
highly accurate positioning control.
The system also provides active feedback to compensate for thermal changes and
other factors that might lead to drift and is ideally suited for use in laser scanning
microscopy setups among others.
The supplied PPC001 controller is designed for use in critical alignment applications
where nanometer level motion control is required. These high power units deliver up
to 150V/150mA per channel.
The unit combines the latest highspeed digital signal processors (DSP) with low-noise
analog electronics and ActiveX® software technology for effortless single-axis
motion. Additional axes can be driven by connecting one or more benchtop units via
a standard USB hub.
Fig. 1.1 PFM450 Piezo Focus Mount

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Chapter 1 Overview
The piezo controller is supplied with a full suite of software support tools. An intuitive
graphical instrument panel allows immediate control and visualization of the operation
of the piezo controller, and any other controllers that are installed in the system. See
Section 1.2. for a full description of the system software.
The piezo unit operation is fully configurable (parameterized) with key settings
exposed through the associated graphical interface panel. Open or closed loop
operating modes can be selected 'on the fly', and in both modes the display can be
changed to show drive voltage or position (in microns). In the closed loop operation
mode, the P I D (proportional, integral and derivative) components of the feedback
control loop can be altered to adjust the servo loop response. A notch filter can also
be adjusted for fine tuning. For convenience and ease of use, adjustment of many key
parameters is possible through direct interaction with the graphical panel. For
example, the output drive voltage or position can be adjusted by entering a value in
the display window (see the tutorial in Chapter 4 for further details). Note that all such
settings and parameters are also accessible through the programmable interfaces.
See Section 1.2. for a full description of the system software.
The key innovation of the controllers and associated mechanical products is the ease
and speed with which complete automated alignment systems can be engineered at
both the hardware and software level. All controllers in the Kinesis range are
equipped with USB connectivity. The 'multi-drop' USB bus allows multiple units to be
connected to a single controller PC using commerical USB hubs and cables. In the
remainder of this handbook, the Tutorial section (Chapter 4) provides a good initial
understanding on using the unit, and the reference section (Chapter 5) covers all
operating modes and parameters in detail.
Fig. 1.2 Single Channel Precision Piezo Controller (PPC001)

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PFM450E Piezo Focus Mount and Controller
1.2 Software Overview
1.2.1 Introduction
The PPC001 piezo controller features USB connectivity (allowing multiple units to be
used together on a single PC), fully featured Graphical User Interface (GUI) panels,
and extensive software function libraries for custom application development.
The Kinesis software suite provides a flexible and powerful PC based control system
both for users of the equipment, and software programmers aiming to automate its
operation.
The User Interface allows full control of all settings and operating modes enabling
complete ‘out-of-box’ operation without the need to develop any further custom
software. It provides all of the necessary system software services such as generation
of GUI panels, communications handling for multiple USB units, and logging of all
system activity to assist in hardware trouble shooting. The Kinesis server is also used
by software developers to allow the creation of advanced automated positioning
applications very rapidly and with great ease. The server is described in more detail
in the following section.
1.2.2 Kinesis Server
With the Kinesis system, .Net Controls are deployed to allow direct control over (and
also reflect the status of) the range of electronic controller units, including the Piezo
controller. Software applications that use .Net Controls are often referred to as 'client
applications'. A .Net Control is a language independent software component.
Consequently the controls can be incorporated into a wide range of software
development environments for use by client application developers. Development
environments supported include Visual Basic, Labview, Visual C++, C++ Builder,
HPVEE, Matlab, VB.NET, C#.NET and, via VBA, Microsoft Office applications such as
Excel and Word.
Consider the control supplied for the PPC001 controller.
The system provides a separate control for each piezo drive channel to allow the
piezo unit to be manually operated, as well as a complete set of software functions to
allow all parameters to be set and operations to be automated by a client application.
The instrument panel reflects the current operating state of the driver unit to which it
is associated (e.g. such as piezo drive voltage). Updates to the panel take place
automatically when a user (client) application is making software calls into the same

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Chapter 1 Overview
Control. For example, if a client application instructs the associated Piezo Control to
move an actuator, the progress of that move is reflected automatically by changing
position readouts on the graphical interface, without the need for further programming
intervention.
The Kinesis Controls collection provides a rich set of graphical user panels and
programmable interfaces allowing users and client application developers to interact
seamlessly with the Kinesis hardware. Each of the Kinesis controllers has an
associated .Net Control and these are described fully in the handbooks associated
with the controllers.
Fig. 1.3 System Architecture Diagram
Refer to the main Kinesis Software online help file, for a complete programmers
guide. This is available either by pressing the F1 key when running the Kinesis server,
or via the Start menu, Start\Programs\Thorlabs\Kinesis\Kinesis Help.
1.2.3 Software Upgrades
Thorlabs operate a policy of continuous product development and may issue software
upgrades as necessary.

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PFM450E Piezo Focus Mount and Controller
Chapter 2 Safety
2.1 Safety Information
For the continuing safety of the operators of this equipment, and the protection of the
equipment itself, the operator should take note of the Warnings, Cautions and Notes
throughout this handbook and, where visible, on the product itself.
The following safety symbols may be used throughout the handbook and on the
equipment itself.
2.2 General Warnings and Cautions
Warning: Risk of Electrical Shock
Given when there is a risk of injury from electrical shock.
Warning
Given when there is a risk of injury to users.
Caution
Given when there is a risk of damage to the product.
Note
Clarification of an instruction or additional information.
Warning
If this equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the
protection provided by the equipment may be impaired. In particular, excessive
moisture may impair operation.
Spillage of fluid, such as sample solutions, should be avoided. If spillage does
occur, clean up immediately using absorbant tissue. Do not allow spilled fluid to
enter the internal mechanism.
The equipment is for indoor use only.
The equipment is not designed for use in an explosive atmosphere.
Caution
If your PC becomes unresponsive (e.g due to an operating system problem,
entering a sleep state condition, or screen saver operation) for a prolonged
period, this will interrupt communication between the Software and the
hardware, and a communications error may be generated. To minimize the
possibility of this happening it is strongly recommended that any such modes
that result in prolonged unresponsiveness be disabled before the software is
run. Please consult your system administrator or contact Thorlabs technical
support for more details.

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Chapter 3 Installation
Chapter 3 Installation
3.1 Unpacking
PFM450 Box Contents
Fig. 3.1 PFM450 Contents
Caution
Once removed from its packaging, the stage can be easily damaged by
mishandling. The unit should only be handled by its base, not by any
attachments to the moving part.
The equipment contains no user servicable parts. Do not remove any screws
securing the covers or attempt any repairs or adjustments as this will affect the
calibration and invalidate the warranty. Adjustments are confined to loosening
and tightening of the clamping screws - see Fig. 3.2 and Fig. 3.3.
Note
Retain the packing for use in future transportation.
Flat Spanner
for tightening
mounting adapters
Hex Key and
Spare Screws for
Mounting Clamps
PFM450 Piezo Mount,
Cable and Connector
Cutouts for Storing
PFMA Series Adapters

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PFM450E Piezo Focus Mount and Controller
3.2 Mounting
3.2.1 General
3.3 Installing the Focus Mount
The PFM450 can be mounted to most inverted or upright microscopes from major
manufacturers, or independently in "home built microscopes or set ups. A mounting
adapter is first fitted to the microscope. The piezo objective mount is then fitted to the
adapter and secured by a clamping ring as shown in Fig. 3.2.
A range of microscope adapters are available separately as detailed below.
Caution
The controller and objective mount are calibrated at the factory and are sold as
a matched pair. The matched pair can be identified by the serial number label
that appears on both units.
Unsatisfactory performance is likely to result if the objective mount is driven by
a different controller, or if the controller is used to drive other objective mounts.
Caution
When mounting the focus mount on the microscope, ensure that the travel is
not obstructed. If the mount is driven against a solid object, damage to the
internal mechanism could occur.
The range of travel is 450 µm in closed loop but can be up to 600 µm in open
loop.
Ensure that the cable is not under vibration as this can effect the stability of
positioning by pulling the moving world away from the fixed world - see Fig. 3.2.
When considering movement in the proximity of other objects or equipment,
ensure that movement of cables connected to the focus mount is not impeded.
Note
This handbook has been compiled to support the PFM450E piezo mount and
controller as a standalone system. For assistance with integration into third part
microscopes and systems, please contact tech support.
Description Part Number
Microscope Adapter, External M32 x 0.75 Thread PFMA01
Microscope Adapter Extended, External M32 x 0.75 Thread PFMA01E
Microscope Adapter, External M32 x 0.75 Thread PFMA03
Microscope Adapter, External M25 x 0.75 Thread PFMA05
Microscope Adapter, External RMS (0.800"-36) Thread PFMA07
Microscope Adapter, External SM1 (1.035"-40) Thread PFMA09
Microscope Adapter, External M26 x 0.706 Thread PFMA11

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Chapter 3 Installation
Fig. 3.2 Fitting the Focus Mount
1) Fit the appropriate adapter to the microscope. Ensure that the threads are not
crossed, and that the mounting flange sits flush against the microscope housing.
Use the flat spanner supplied to tighten the adapter taking care not to overtighten.
2) Using the hex key supplied, loosen the upper clamping bolt. Fit the focus mount
to the adapter ensuring that the mounting flange on the adapter sits flush against
the body of the piezo mount. Re-tighten the clamp bolt until resistance is felt then
a further 1/4 turn.
Caution
Proper alignment and positioning is crucial to correct functioning of the piezo
mount. When fitting, ensure that the mounting faces of the adapters fit flush with
the microscope and piezo mount.
Note
The stability of the piezo mount is affected directly by the stability of the microscope.
For best performance, it is recommended that the microscope is mounted on a
surface isolated from external vibrations.
Fixed world
Ensure mounting flange
sits flush with microscope
housing
Moving world
Clamping bolts
Groove for use with
flat spanner (supplied)
Ensure mounting flange
sits flush with piezo
mount body
Z
(Direction of
positive motion)
X
Y

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3.4 Fitting/Changing the Objective
The objective screws onto an adapter which is then fitted to the piezo mount and
secured by a clamping ring as shown in Fig. 3.3. The objective/adapter can be
removed/fitted without removing the mount from the microscope.
Fig. 3.3 Fitting the objective
1) Fit the appropriate adapter to the microscope objective. Ensure that the threads
are not crossed, and that the mounting flange sits flush against the objective
housing. Use the flat spanner supplied to tighten the adapter taking care not to
overtighten.
2) Using the hex key supplied, loosen the lower clamping bolt. Fit the adapter to the
focus mount, ensuring that the mounting flange on the adapter sits flush against
the body of the piezo mount. Re-tighten the clamp bolt until resistance is felt then
a further 1/4 turn.
Caution
Fit the objective to the adapter ring before the adapter ring and objective are
fitted to the piezo mount. Fitting or removing the objective whilst the adapter
ring is fitted to the piezo mopunt can exert excessive torsional force and damge
the internal flexures.
Fixed world
Moving world
Clamping bolts
Ensure mounting flange
sits flush with piezo
mount housing
Ensure mounting flange
sits flush with objective
body
Caution. Keep the
cable stable while the
stage is in operation.
Groove for use with
flat spanner (supplied)
Direction of
positive motion

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Chapter 3 Installation
A range of objective adapters are available separately as detailed below.
3.4.1 Angular Rotation
Certain microscopes can operate with the objective rotated such that it is not
perpendicular with the vertical plane. It is recommended that he PFM450 piezo mount
is operated with a pitch rotation. Yaw rotation (as shown below) is possible with
certain limitations - contact tech support for more details.
Fig. 3.4 Angular rotation
Caution
Due to its inherent capacitance, movement or vibration of the cable may affect
the stability of the stage. Where possible, arrange the cable in such a way to
minimize movement and vibration while the stage is in operation.
Description Part Number
Objective Adapter, Internal M32 x 0.75 Thread PFMA02
Objective Adapter, Internal M27 x 0.75 Thread PFMA04
Objective Adapter, Internal M25 x 0.75 Thread PFMA06
Objective Adapter, Internal RMS (0.800"-36) Thread PFMA08
Objective Adapter, Internal SM1 (1.035"-40) Thread PFMA10
Objective Adapter, Internal M26 x 0.706 Thread PFMA12
Pitch
Yaw

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3.5 Installing the Controller
3.5.1 Siting
The unit is designed to be mounted free standing on a shelf, benchtop or similar
surface.
3.5.2 Environmental Conditions
Location Indoor use only
Maximum altitude 2000 m
Temperature range 5oC to 40oC
Maximum Humidity Less than 80% RH (non-condensing) at 31°C
To ensure reliable operation the unit should not be exposed to corrosive agents or
excessive moisture, heat or dust.
If the unit has been stored at a low temperature or in an environment of high humidity,
it must be allowed to reach ambient conditions before being powered up.
Caution
Ensure that proper airflow is maintained to the sides of the unit.
Warning
Operation outside the following environmental limits may adversely affect
operator safety.
Caution
In applications requiring the highest level of accuracy and repeatability, it is
recommended that the stage and the controller unit are powered up for at least
30 minutes before use, in order to allow the internal temperature to stabilize.
For maximum precision, the unit should be operated in a thermally stabilised
environment, e.g. an air-conditioned room.
When the stage is not in use for a long period (e.g. over a week) the controller
should be switched off. Leaving the stage under a high voltage (e.g. over 100V)
for a prelonged period can reduce the lifetime of the internal piezo stack.

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Chapter 3 Installation
3.6 Installing the Software
DO NOT CONNECT THE CONTROLLER TO YOUR PC YET
3) Go to Services/Downloads at www.thorlabs.com and download the Kinesis
Software.
4) Run the .exe file and follow the on-screen instructions.
3.7 Electrical Connection
3.7.1 Connecting To The Supply
Caution
Thorlabs often releases updated firmware for bug fixes and support for new
features. We recommend all users to download the latest version of Kinesis
software and use the included firmware update utility. Failure to do this could
result in stages not being recognized by the latest controllers.
Some PCs may have been configured to restrict the users ability to load
software, and on these systems the software may not install/run. If you are in
any doubt about your rights to install/run software, please consult your system
administrator before attempting to install.
If you experience any problems when installing software, contact Thorlabs on
[phone] and ask for Technical Support.
Note
When operating via a PC, direct user interaction with the unit is accomplished
through intuitive graphical user interface panels (GUIs), which expose all key
operating parameters and modes. The user can select multiple panel views
displaying different information about a particular hardware unit. The multitasking
architecture ensures that the graphical control panels always remain live, showing
all current hardware activity.
Warning: Risk of Electrical Shock
The controller unit must be connected only to an earthed fused supply of 24V
2A DC.
Use only power supply cable and power supply provided with the unit, other
cables/PSUs may not be rated to the same current. The unit is shipped with
appropriate power cables for use in the UK, Europe and the USA. When
shipped to other territories the appropriate power plug must be fitted by the
user. Cable identification is as follows:
Brown Live
Blue Neutral
Green/Yellow Earth/Ground

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3.7.2 Connecting The Hardware
1) Install the software - see Section 3.6.
2) Connect the focus mount to the Controller unit - see Fig. 3.6
3) Connect the Controller unit to the power supply and switch ‘ON’ by pressing the
POWER button on the front panel.
4) Using the USB cable provided, connect the Controller unit to your PC.
5) WindowsTM should detect the new hardware. Wait while WindowsTM installs the
drivers for the new hardware - see the Getting Started guide for more information
6) Run the Kinesis software - Start/Programs/Thorlabs/Kinesis/Kinesis.
Warning: Risk of Electrical Shock
Piezo actuators are driven by high voltages. Voltages up to 150V may be
present at the rear panel connector. This is hazardous and can cause serious
injury. Appropriate care should be taken when using this device.
Persons using the device must understand the hazards associated with using
high voltages and the steps necessary to avoid risk of electrical shock.
The piezo controller must be switched OFF before the focus mount is plugged
in or unplugged. Failure to switch the controller off may result in damage to
either the controller, the focus mount or both.
Caution
The controller and objective mount are calibrated at the factory and are sold as
a matched pair. The matched pair can be identified by the serial number label
that appears on both units.
Unsatisfactory performance is likely to result if the objective mount is driven by
a different controller, or if the controller is used to drive other objective mounts.
Note
Ensure that the mating faces of the connectors are properly aligned. Misalignment
can cause connection problems.
Tighten the securing screws to ensure that the connectors to not become
disconnected during use.
Note
The USB cable should be no more than 3 metres in length. Communication lengths
in excess of 3 metres can be achieved by using a powered USB hub).

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Chapter 3 Installation
7) Check that the Graphical User Interface (GUI) panel appears and is active.
Fig. 3.5 GUI panel showing jog and ident buttons
8) Click the ‘Identify’ button. The POWER LED on the front panel of the controller
flashes. This is useful in multi-channel systems for identifying which controller is
associated with which GUI.
9) Click the jog buttons on the GUI panel to move the piezo or axis connected to the
controller. The position display for the associated GUI should increment and
decrement accordingly.
Follow the tutorial described in Chapter 4 for further guidance on basic operation.
3.7.3 Powering Down The Controller
Note
The 'Simulator' utility can be used to set up simulated hardware configurations and
place the Kinesis Server into simulator mode. In this way it is possible to create any
number and type of simulated (virtual) hardware units in order to emulate a set of
real hardware. This is a particularly useful feature, designed as an aid to application
program development and testing. Any number of 'virtual' control units are combined
to build a model of the real system, which can then be used to test the application
software offline. See the Kinesis Simulator helpfile for detailed instructions.
Warning
The controller may cause drive voltage spikes on power down. In applications
requiring the highest sensitivity, the piezo drive voltage should be set to zero
before the unit is powered down.
When power is applied, do not disconnect the piezo mount from the unit.

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3.7.4 Rear Panel Connections
Fig. 3.6 Rear panel connections
STAGE - Provides the drive signal to the piezo actuator, -30 V to 150 V, 0 to 150 mA.
EXT IN (BNC connector) – Used to control the piezo mount from an external source
(10V to 10V). When in open loop the EXT IN controls the voltage, when in closed loop it
controls the position. The input impedence is 10 kload.
0 to 10V gives 0 to 450um in closed loop, and -2V to 10V gives -30V to 150V in open
loop.
In cases where there is a software contribution, -10V to 10V can be used. For example,
if you command 225um from software GUI, then input a ±5V sinewave, this will cause
the stage to swingup and down from 0 to 450um.
Note
Ensure that the mating faces of the connectors are properly aligned. Misalignment
can cause connection problems.
Tighten the securing screws to ensure that the connectors to not become
disconnected during use.
150V

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Chapter 3 Installation
EXT OUT (BNC connector) – Used to monitor the piezo actuator on an oscilloscope or
other device. The output can be set to monitor the piezo Drive Voltage, the Linearized
Position, or the Unprocessed Position, as set in the Output Signal parameter in the
settings panel - see Section 5.2.2., or in software by calling the appropriate message.
JOYSTICK - Provides connection for the MZF001 Joystick - see Section 4.9. and
Section A.4.
USER - This female 15-Pin D-type connector exposes a number of internal electrical
signals. For convenience, a number of logic inputs and outputs are included, thereby
eliminating the need for extra PC based IO hardware. Using the software, these user
programmable logic lines can be deployed in applications requiring control of external
devices such a relays, light sources and other auxilliary equipment - see Section A.2.
for further details.
RS232 – Provides connection for serial port communication - see Section A.3.
USB - USB port for system communications.
Caution
Before the input can be used, the Drive Input Source must be set to a BNC
(+SW) option in the Settings panel (see Section 5.2.2.) or in software by calling
the appropriate message.
When driving the piezo mount from an external source, the external signal is
added to the software input (GUI panel or SetVoltOP software method) and, if
connected and selected, the Joystick.
The max stepping frequency depends on the shape of the waveform. E.g. for a
staircase waveform with a step size up to 25 µm, the minimum period for each
step can be as small as the settling time, i.e. 25 ms or stepping frequency of 40
Hz. However it will take a few ms to capture an image. For large periodic
waveforms, e.g. over 200 µm peak to peak sine wave signal, the operational
frequency is recommended to be as follows:
Loads up to 150g - less than 25 Hz
Loads 150 g to 250 g - less than 20 Hz
Loads 250 g to 400 g - less than 15 Hz
Loads 400 g to 500 g - less than 10 Hz
Note
The USB cable length should be no more than 3 metres unless a powered USB hub
is being used.

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PFM450E Piezo Focus Mount and Controller
3.8 Front Panel Controls and Indicators
Fig. 3.7 Front panel controls and indicators
Power Button and LED – Applies and removes power to the controller. Power is
applied when the LED is lit.
Closed Loop Button and LED – Switches the unit to closed loop operation. When
the LED is lit, the unit is operating in Closed Loop mode. If the LED is not lit, the unit
is operating in open loop.
Error LED – Lit when one of the following fault conditions occur:
1) One or more power supply voltages are out of range.
2) Closed loop mode is selected but the associated piezo is disconnected.
3) An overtemp condition has occurred - see Section 4.8.
Note
The brightness of the front panel LEDs can be adjusted (Full, Dim or Off) to match
the ambient light conditions and avoid stray light problems in sensitive applications
- see Section 5.2.2.
Precision Piezo Controller
Power Closed Loop Error