Toyotomi KS-27A Troubleshooting guide

PORTABLE KEROSENE HEATER
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
MODEL KS-27A
CONTENTS
SAFETY TIPS ............................. 1 ASSEMBLY AND OPERATION .............. 6
FUEL GUIDE .............................. 3 CARE AND MAINTENANCE................. 10
OPERATING CONTROLS AND FEATURES ..... 4 REPLACEMENT OF PARTS ................. 11
SPECIFICATIONS .......................... 5 STORAGE ............................... 13
COMPONENT PARTS ...................... 5 TROUBLESHOOTING...................... 14
IMPORTANT
READ AND UNDERSTAND INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE USING HEATER.
RETAIN INSTRUCTIONS FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
MADEINJAPAN
KS-27A
TOYOTOMI

Congratulations; you are ready to begin enjoying the benefits of one of the most advanced kerosene
heaters ever made. TOYOTOMI, the leader in kerosene heater techonlogy, has tested and refined the KS-27A
to assure you of long-term safety and satisfaction. Please study the following instructions, use and care for
your heater carefully, and it will serve you well for many years.
SAFETY TIPS
BEFORE OPERATING YOUR HEATER, PLEASE review these safety tips:
RISK OF EXPLOSION
1. Never use any fuel other than water-clear kerosene.
Never use gasoline. Use of gasoline can lead to uncontrollable flames resulting in
destructive fire. Even kerosene contaminated with small amounts of gasoline, or
similarly volatile materials, can be hazardous. Never use a can for kerosene that has
previously been used for gasoline, paint thinner, or solvents.
2. Never refill heater fuel tank when heater is operating or still hot. To do so may
cause a “flash back“ of flame to the fuel container, resulting in injury to yourself
and your property.
3. Never use heater in areas where flammable vapors or gases may be present.
Especially avoid use of heater where gasoline, naphtha, acetone or other volatile
solvents are in the air, or whose containers are open. Such vapors could be ignited
by the heater, resulting in fire and/or explosion.
4. Never fill heater fuel tank in living space. Fill heater tank outdoors. Never overfill
your heater. Always replace heater tank cap securely after refueling. Spillage of
kerosene produces strong odor which is hard to remove. Spillage on carpet can be
ignited if match or some other ignition source contacts it.
5. Never store or transport kerosene in other than a metal or plastic container that is (1)
acceptable for kerosene, (2) non-red in color, and (3) clearly marked, ”KEROSENE”.
Never store kerosene in the living space. Picking up a gasoline can by mistake when
fueling is a major cause of heater fires.
RlSK OF BURNS OR FIRE
1. Observe the heater carefully for 15-20 minutes after start-up. Problems of improper
adjustment of wick height or improperly seated heat chamber should become
evident during this warm up period.
NOTE: Carefully follow the instructions for lighting and adjusting the flame.
2. Due to high surface temperatures, keep away from children, furniture and clothing.
WARNING
1
WARNING

3. Do not operate heater without protective guards completely attached.
4. Do not use heater to heat or boil water or as a cooking appliance. Do not place
cooking utensils, tea kettles or any other object on top of heater while in operation.
5. To avoid possible burns or fire, do not move, refuel or attempt to service your
heater while it is burning or still hot. If the heater is dropped while it is burning, fuel
spillage and flames outside the heater may occur.
6. Do not operate heater less than 90cm (3 feet) from walls, draperies, clothing, or
furniture. The operation of any heating appliance too close to such materials could
cause them to ignite, possibly resulting in a serious fire.
7. To avoid unstable burning, do not operate your heater in areas exposed to strong
drafts. Do not operate heater in high-traffic areas such as doorways or hallways
where it may be touched, jarred or tipped accidentally.
8. Do not operate heater in direct sunlight to avoid overheating, which may cause
abnormal flame behaivor. Do not allow room temperature to go above 30˚C. lf the
room temperature exceeds 30˚C the flame may increase, thereby producing smoke.
9. Before going out, or at bedtime, turn the heater off, making sure the wick is in its
lowest position (see Extinguishing the Flame on page 9) and flame is completely
extinguished.
RISK OF INDOOR AIR POLLUTlON
Use heater only in well-ventilated areas. People with breathing problems should
consult a physician before using the heater.
”In a house of typical construction, that is, one that is not of unusually tight
construction due to heavy insulation and tight seals against air infiltration, an
adequate supply of air for combustion and ventilation is provided through infiltration.
However, if the heater is used in a small room where less than 200 cubic feet (5.7m3)
of air space is provided for each 1000 Btu per hour of heater rating (considering the
maximum burner adjustment), the door(s) to adjacent room(s) should be kept open or
a window to the outside should be opened at least 25.4mm to guard against potential
buildup of indoor air pollution. Do not use the heater in a bathroom or any other small
room with the door closed.”
2
WARNING

FUEL GUIDE
The TOYOTOMI KS-27A is designed for use with high-quality kerosene only. Use of low-quality kerosene will
cause wick performance to drop, leading to ”Iow flame”and ”odor problem”conditions.
Purchase only kerosene in non-red cans reserved exclusively for kerosene and marked accordingly with the
word ”KEROSENE”. Always store your kerosene in a separate area from where you store gasoline for your
power equipment, to avoid accidental use of gasoline in your heater.
What to Buy...
ALWAYS: Crystal clear, colorless, high quality KEROSENE.
ALWAYS: Kerosene free of contaminants, water or cloudiness.
NEVER: Gasoline, alcohol, white gas, camp stove fuel or additives.
NEVER: Yellow or sour-smelling fuel.
How to Use lt...
ALWAYS: Fill heater away from living quarters when heater is cool; use siphon.
ALWAYS: Check wick frequently for tar build-up. (Rapid, heavy build-up may
indicate poor quality or deteriorated fuel.)
ALWAYS: Watch fuel gauge to avoid over-filling heater.
How to Store lt...
ALWAYS: ln a clean container, clearly marked KEROSENE.
ALWAYS: AWAY FROM direct sunlight, heat sources or extreme temperature
changes.
NEVER: ln a glass container, or one that has been used for other fuels.
NEVER: For longer than 6 months. (Begin each heating season with fresh
kerosene; discard at the end of the season.)
Why lt is lmportant...
Pure, clean kerosene is essential for safe and efficient heater operation. Poor quality
or contaminated kerosene can cause:
●Low flame
●Excess tar deposits on the wick
●Reduced wick life
●Odor, smoke
●Difficulty in igniting or extinguishing flame
Use of a highly volatile flammable fuel such as gasoline can produce uncontrollable
flames, creating a severe fire hazard.
3
CAUTlON
Flames observed emerging from the heater body are a clear indication that fuel is dangerously
contaminated with gasoline or other highly flammable material. If this occurs,
a. Never attempt to move the heater.
b. Call the Fire Department.
c. Use only a class ”B”fire extinguisher.
d. Never throw water directly on a burning heater.

OPERATING CONTROLS
AND FEATURES
1. Heat Chamber: Permits adjustment of heat output without increasing unwanted combustion
materials or reducing combustion efficiency. This feature increases comfort and
convenience while maximizing fuel savings.
2. Safety Guard: Extensive grillework covers the hot surfaces of the heater, greatly reducing the
possibility of accidental contact burns.
3. Wick Adjuster Knob: Used to raise and lower wick for heat output adjustment. To extinguish flame
turn knob counterclockwise.
4. Fuel Tank Cap: Covers filling port of fuel tank.
NOTE: Wipe away any spilled kerosene from tank after filling.
5. Fuel Gauge: Indicates fuel level in tank.
NOTE: Never fill beyond black line.
6. Manual Shutoff: Used to rapidly retract wick and extinguish flame.
NOTE: To avoid odor and smoke, do not use routinely to turn heater off. This
manual shutoff is not effective when gasoline, gasoline-contaminated
kerosene, or other highly flammable fuels are used in the heater.
7. Heat Chamber Handle: Used to check and insure proper seating of the heat chamber after ignition.
lmproper seating of the heat chamber will cause erratic flame and smoke.
4
MADEINJAPAN
KS-27A
TOYOTOMI
7 Heat Chamber Handle
6 Manual Shutt-off Lever
2. Safety Guard
5 Fuel Gauge
1. Heat Chamber
3. Wick Adjuster Knob
4. Fuel Tank Cap

SPECIFlCATlONS
TOYOTOMI Portable Kerosene Heater Model KS-27A
Heat rating 2,470kcal/9,800BTU/h
Fuel tank capacity 5.9 lit
Burning time/tank* 21 Hours
Size(W x H x D) 440 x 440 x 470mm
Weight 7.7kg
* Depending on wick setting, condition and fuel quality.
COMPONENT PARTS
5
REF# PART NAME
1. Guard assembly
2. Carrying handle
3. Top plale
4. Heat chamber assembly
5. Glass cylinder
6. Push ring
7. Cross pin
8. Guard retainer
9. Screw
10. Wick adjuster with pendulum assembly
11. Pendulum assembly
12. Wick adjuster knob
13. Screw 1A
14. Wing nut
15. Wick sleeve
16. Glass fiber wick
17. Rubber packing
18. Fuel tank assembly
19. Fuel gauge
20. Fuel tank cap
21. Primary air tube cover
22. Screw E
23. Reflector
24. Under Outer Cover
25. Drip tray
26. Manual fuel siphon
17
3
1
8
5
26
13
11
8
2
25
16
24
15
10
22
23
8
9
6
4
20
19
14
12
7
18
21

ASSEMBLY AND OPERATlON
lNSPECTlON AND ASSEMBLY
NOTE: Save the shipping carton and packing materials for future storage of your heater.
1. REMOVE PACKING MATERIALS
Remove all packing materials from your heater and install the guard as follows:
CAUTION: Risk of burns. Do not operate heater without guard completely attached.
a) Remove the carrying handle, top plate and packing materials.
b) Replace the top plate and carrying handle.
2. lNSTALL DRIP TRAY
NOTE: DO NOT operate your heater without the drip tray.
Place the drip tray on the floor.
●Place the heater on the drip tray.
●Turn the heater clockwise until the feet slide into their tabs.
3. CHECK SCREWS
Make sure that the three (3) screws around the guard above the fuel tank are tight.
6

FUELING
1. lnsert the straight tube of the manual fuel siphon into the kerosene container
Remove the fuel tank cap on the heater, and insert the siphon's flexible hose
into the fuel tank opening.
2. Turn the air vent knob on the top of the siphon clockwise to close the air vent.
3. To start the flow of kerosene, squeeze the bulb of the siphon vigorously six or
seven times. Once the flow begins, it is no longer necessary to squeeze the bulb.
To avoid overfilling the tank, watch the fuel gauge. As the indicator enters the red
zone, stop the flow by turning the air vent knob counterclockwise.
NOTE: Be especially careful to avoid overfilling the tank with very cold
kerosene; otherwise overflow might occur when the fuel warms up.
4. Remove the siphon carefully, allowing the excess kerosene to drain from the
tube back into container. Replace the fuel tank cap and tighten it securely. Be
sure to wipe away any spilled kerosene from tank or other heater parts.
CHECK BEFORE LIGHTING
1. LOCATE YOUR HEATER AWAY FROM WALLS AND AVOID DRAFTS
Allow at least three (3) feet of clearance between the heater and walls, curtains, shelving or other
combustible materials. Do not operate your heater in drafty areas or locations where opening doors may
create gusts of air. Drafts or strong air currents may make flame unstable and affect heater performance.
2. LEVEL THE HEATER
The heater should be operated on a firm, Ievel floor.
NOTE: lf your heater is not level, change Iocations. Do not attempt to prop it
up with books or other objects. An unlevel heater may burn with an
uneven flame.
7
WARNING: Use only water-clear Kerosene.
Never use gasoline or other flammable liquids.
ALWAYS extinguish heater before refill heater fuel tank.
Fuel heater outside the living area.
MADEINJAPANMADEINJAPAN
KS-27A
KS-27A
TOYOTOMI
TOYOTOMI

LIGHTING
NOTE: When you first use your new heater, ignite it out of the living area of your house, either in a garage
or an outside area protected from strong drafts. Burn it for about 15 minutes to remove all of the
protective oil present on the burner parts. lf this 15 minute ”burn-in”is done inside, some
objectionable odor will be observed. This procedure is necessary ONLY THE FIRST TIME you ignite
your heater.
NOTE: lf you have fueled your heater for the first time, or if you are refueling it after it has been out of fuel
for a long time, you will need to wait about thirty (30) minutes for the wick to become fully saturated
before Iighting. Failure to allow enough time for the wick to become fully saturated may cause
permanent damage to the wick when it is lighted.
1. Turn the wick adjuster knob clockwise until it stops. This raises the wick to its
maximum height. As the wick rises within the heater, the wick adjuster knob
turns with some resistance and makes a sound like the winding of a clock.
Once the wick has reached its proper height, the automatic extinguisher is fully
engaged. The wick adjuster knob will now move freely left or right to adjust
the flame.
2. LIGHTING
Tilt the heat chamber and touch the match to the top of the wick. Do not allow
burned parts of the match to fall or remain on the wick.
3. Be sure that heat chamber is properly seated by moving the wire heat chamber
handle left and right.
NOTE: An improperly seated heat chamber can cause high flame, smoke, and
potential damage to the heater itself. Proper seating of the heat chamber
is essential for good performance. Do not leave the heater until you have
determined that the flame is burning normally, as described in the
following section.
8
MADEINJAPANMADEINJAPAN
KS-27A

ADJUSTING THE FLAME
1. After lighting, wait for the heat chamber to reach operating temperature. This will take ten (10) minutes,
after which the flame will be visible through the glass cylinder.
2. CHECK THE FLAME LENGTH
After (5) minutes, the entire heat chamber should be glowing red.
lf necessary, raise or lower the wick by turning the wick adjuster knob to produce the proper flame condition.
NOTE: Do not operate your heater with wick set TOO LOW or TOO HIGH. Doing so will decrease
combustion efficiency and increase production of unwanted emissions. When operating heater, be
sure wick is high enough to keep the primary heat chamber heated to a uniform red glow from top
to bottom.
NOTE: AIways observe the heater closely for the first 15-20 minutes after it is lighted to be sure it is
properly adjusted.
EXTINGUISHING THE FLAME
1. Turn the wick adjuster knob counterclockwise until it stops. Within a few
moments, the flame will be completely extinguished and the heater will be off.
2. Make sure the flame is out completely.
3. Do not try to relight the heater for at least three (3) minutes after turning it off,
as this may cause smoke and odor.
MANUAL SHUTOFF
When quick shutoff is necessary, push the manual shutoff down.
NOTE: For routine turn-off, DO NOT use the "Manual Shutoff" or activate the
”Automatic Extinguisher”by jarring the heater. These methods may
cause unwanted odor, soot and smoke. Only the wick adjuster knob
should be used for normal shutoff.
BAD
TOO LOW
Produces odor
GOOD
CORRECT
Most efficient
combustion
9
BAD
TOO HIGH
Produces smoke
and soot

CARE AND MAINTENANCE
As with any good appliance, preventive as well as corrective maintenance is occasionally required. Please
read the following section carefully in order to enjoy the greatest benefits from your heater.
INSPECTlON OF THE WlCK
NOTE: One of the simplest but also the most important components of your heater is the wick.
With proper attention, the wick will last at least one heating season and, depending on the quality of
the fuel used, possibly longer, it helps to perform routine maintenance operations on the wick.
1. lndications that the wick may need attention are:
●low flame
●tar deposit on the top edge of the wick
●difficulty in turning the wick adjuster knob
●a flickering or dying flame
2. Clean the wick by burning dry as follows:
1) When the fuel gauge indicates empty, but the heater is still burning, raise the
wick to its highest position and allow the flame to consume the remaining fuel in
the tank.
NOTE: Burning the wick dry can at times create odors. For the burning dry procedure, remove your heater
from the living area of your house into a well-ventilated area such as a garage or even a sheltered
area outside. If you burn the wick dry outside, be sure that the heater is not exposed to strong drafts
during the procedure.
2) After the heater has cooled completely, remove the heater cover as described in items 1 and 2 of the
next section.
3) Remove any residue from the wick with a small brush such as an old toothbrush. Cinders or soot in the
burner around the wick may be vacuumed away. Be careful when removing such material from the wick
with a brush, to do so gently so as not to tear the top surface of the wick.
4) Remove any tar deposits on the top of wick adjuster and primary air tube using a scraper.
NOTE: When good wick performance is no longer achieved by the burning dry process, it may be
necessary to replace the burned wick with a new one.
5) Before reassembling the heater, take a few minutes to wipe the parts with a soft cotton cloth or paper
towels.
6) Reassemble the heater, following directions in item 11 of the next section.
NOTE: If the flame is still low after cleaning the wick, the wick may contain some water. It is then necessary
to replace the wick and empty all kerosene from the fuel tank. Dry the tank thoroughly and refill with
fresh, pure kerosene.
10

REPLACEMENT OF PARTS
REPLACING THE WlCK
USE ONLY GENUINE TOYOTOMI ”KS-27A”REPLACEMENT WlCK. SUBSTITUTE WICKS CAN SEVERELY
REDUCE PERFORMANCE AND SAFETY.
1. Release the automatic extinguisher by pushing the manual shutoff down.
2. Remove the three (3) screws and lift cover off.
3. Remove the three (3) wing nuts around the wick adjuster. Lift the wick adjuster
off the heater while moving it slightly back and forth.
4. Slide two fingers between the orange band on the wick and the silver wick
sleeve attached to the wick adjuster. Lift the pins in the wick off the slots in the
wick sleeve. After lifting all three (3) pins off the slots, fold the wick and
remove it. Leave the wick sleeve in place.
11
WARNING: Before disassembling your heater, allow it to cool completely.
MADEINJAPAN
MADEINJAPAN
KS-27A
KS-27A
TOYOTOMI
TOYOTOMI

5. Place the wick adjuster on its side. Next, line up the three (3) openings in the
wick adjuster: 1) the holes in the sleeve, 2) the diagonal slots in the fixed part
of the wick adjuster, and 3) the slots in the moving part of the wick adjuster
controlled by the wick adjuster knob.
6. Fold the new wick in quarters and insert it into the wick adjuster from wick
adjuster bottom. Place one of the pins in one of the lined-up openings. lf you
experience difficulty, gently turn the wick adjuster knob clockwise. Then insert
the two other pins, turning the wick adjuster knob if necessary. Do not bend
the sleeve.
7. Finally, gently press the wick, all along its circumference, against the adjuster
to insure that it is firmly in place.
8. Lower the wick adjuster into the fuel tank, guiding the tail of the wick so it fits
over the primary air tube and evenly into place.
Point the wick adjuster knob to the front of the heater. Insure that the wick
adjuster is centered over the studs on the fuel tank.
NOTE: The space between the wick adjuster and the primary air tube should
be even all around.
NOTE: Make certain the top of the wick adjuster and the top of primary air
tube are the same height. lf they are uneven, the flames tend to be
uneven, too.
9. Tighten the three (3) wing nuts around the wick adjuster.
10. Engage the automatic extinguisher by turning the manual shutoff clockwise
into vertical position. Turn the wick adjuster knob to be sure the wick moves
smoothly up and down.
12

AFTER REPLACING THE WICK, CHECK THE OPERATlON OF THE AUTOMATlC
EXTINGUISHER.
Wick height on position should be 8mm when wick adjuster knob is turned
fully cIockwise. Be sure to check.
NOTE: lf wick does not move smoothly and easily, or wick height on position
is not in the range of 7-9mm do not use heater. Disassemble and
repeat items 5 through 10.
NOTE: lf any ragged edges appear on the top of the wick, trim them with a
scissors carefully. DO NOT cut the body of the wick.
11. Replace the heater cover on the fuel tank and secure it into position with three
(3) screws.
12. Once again, check the proper operation of the automatic extinguisher.
NOTE: Before lighting a new wick for the first time, turn the wick to its
lowest position and allow the wick to saturate with kerosene for
about thirty (30) minutes.
STORAGE
At the end of each heating season, or when you do not plan to use your heater for an extended period of
time, the following procedures are recommended.
1. CLEAN WlCK AND HEATER
Follow directions in ”INSPECTlON OF THE WlCK”.
2. DRAIN FUEL TANK
After you have burned your heater dry, a small amount of kerosene will remain in the fuel tank. lt should be
removed in order to avoid contamination when the heater is refueled at a later date. To do this, remove the
fuel cap, tip the heater toward you and insert a small syringe into the bottom-most portion of the fuel tank.
Empty the tank completely before storage.
3. STORE HEATER
The original shipping carton is the best place to store your heater. If you do not have original packing
materials, cover the heater with a large plastic bag and store in a dry place.
13

TROUBLESHOOTING
14
PROBLEM
Wick fails to
ignite
Smoke or odor
Flickering, dying
or low flame
Wick adjuster
knob is hard to
turn
Flame too high
CAUSE
Out of fuel
Water in kerosene/poor
quality kerosene
Heat chamber tilted or
improperIy seated
Wick set too high
Dirty wick
Drafts
Contaminated fueI/poor
quality kerosene
Dirty wick
Water in kerosene/poor
quality kerosene
Wick too low to sustain good
flame
Dirty wick
Poor quality kerosene
Damaged mechanism
Fuel contaminated with
gasoline or other highly
flammable material
SOLUTlON
Check fuel gauge; add fuel if necessary.
Drain tank. Install new wick.
Refill with fresh and clean kerosene.
Move wire handle until heat chamber is
properly seated and moves smoothly left
and right.
Reduce wick height by turning wick
adjuster knob counterclockwise.
Clean wick as described under ”Care and
Maintenance”.
Relocate heater.
Drain tank and rinse with clean kerosene.
lnstall new wick and refill with fresh and
clean kerosene.
Clean wick as described under ”Care and
Maintenance”.
lf necessary, install new wick.
Drain tank and rinse with clean kerosene.
lnstall new wick and refill with fresh,
clean kerosene.
Replace wick.
Clean wick as described under ”Care and
Maintenance”.
Drain tank and rinse with clean kerosene.
Install new wick and refill with fresh,
clean kerosene.
Contact your dealer for service.
lMMEDIATELY shut off heater.
lnspect all components for damage.
Drain tank and rinse with clean kerosene.
lnstall new wick and refill tank with fresh,
clean kerosene.
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TOYOTOMI CO., LTD.
5-17, Momozono-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
Rev. 07/03 Printed in Japan
0538000902