Toyotomi KS-27A Troubleshooting guide

PORTABLE KEROSENE HEATER
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
INSTRUCTIONS
MODELKS-27A
IMPORTANT
READ AND UNDERSTAND INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE USING HEATER.
RETAIN INSTRUCTIONS FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.

CONTENTS
SAFETY TIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
ASSEMBLY AND OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
FUEL GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
CARE AND MAINTENANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
OPERATING CONTROLS AND FEATURES . . . . .
4
REPLACEMENT OF PARTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
SPECIFICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
STORAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
COMPONENT PARTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
TROUBLESHOOTING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Congratulations; you are ready to begin enjoying the benefits of one of the most advanced kerosene heaters ever made.
TOYOTOMI, the leader in kerosene heater techonlogy, has tested and refined the KS-27A to assure you of long-term safety and
satisfaction. Please study the following instructions, use and care for your heater carefully, and it will serve you well for many
years. SAFETY TIPS
BEFORE OPERATING YOUR HEATER, PLEASE review these safety tips:

WARNING
RISK OF EXPLOSION
1. Never use any fuel other than water-clear kerosene.
Never use gasoline. Use of gasoline can lead to uncontrollable flames resulting in destructive fire.
Even kerosene contaminated with small amounts of gasoline, or similarly volatile materials, can be
hazardous. Never use a can for kerosene that has previously been used for gasoline, paint thinner,
or solvents.
2. Never refill heater fuel tank when heater is operating or still hot. To do so maycause a “flash back“
of flame to the fuel container, resulting in injury to yourself and your property.
3. Never use heater in areas where flammable vapors or gases may be present.Especially avoid use of
heater where gasoline, naphtha, acetone or other volatile solvents are in the air, or whose
containers are open. Such vapors could be ignited by the heater, resulting in fire and/or explosion.
4. Never fill heater fuel tank in living space. Fill heater tank outdoors. Never overfillyour heater.
Always replace heater tank cap securely after refueling. Spillage of kerosene produces strong odor
which is hard to remove. Spillage on carpet can be ignited if match or some other ignition source
contacts it.
5. Never store or transport kerosene in other than a metal or plastic container that is (1) acceptable
for kerosene, (2) non-red in color, and (3) clearly marked, ”KEROSENE”. Never store kerosene in the
living space. Picking up a gasoline can by mistake when fueling is a major cause of heater fires.
RlSK OF BURNS OR FIRE
1. Observe the heater carefully for 15-20 minutes after start-up. Problems of improperadjustment of
wick height or improperly seated heat chamber should become evident during this warm up period.
NOTE: Carefully follow the instructions for lighting and
adjusting the flame.
2. Due to high surface temperatures, keep away from children, furniture and clothing.
WARNING

3. Do not operate heater without protective guards completely attached.
4. Do not use heater to heat or boil water or as a cooking appliance. Do not placecooking utensils, tea kettles
or any other object on top of heater while in operation.
5. To avoid possible burns or fire, do not move, refuel or attempt to service yourheater while it is burning
or still hot. If the heater is dropped while it is burning, fuel spillage and flames outside the heater may
occur.
6. Do not operate heater less than 90cm (3 feet) from walls, draperies, clothing, orfurniture. The operation
of any heating appliance too close to such materials could cause them to ignite, possibly resulting in a
serious fire.
7. To avoid unstable burning, do not operate your heater in areas exposed to strongdrafts. Do not operate
heater in high-traffic areas such as doorways or hallways where it may be touched, jarred or tipped
accidentally.
8. Do not operate heater in direct sunlight to avoid overheating, which may causeabnormal flame behaivor.
Do not allow room temperature to go above 30˚C. lf the room temperature exceeds 30˚C the flame may
increase, thereby producing smoke.
9. Before going out, or at bedtime, turn the heater off, making sure the wick is in itslowest position (see
Extinguishing the Flame on page 9) and flame is completely extinguished.
WARNING
RISK OF INDOOR AIR POLLUTlON
Use heater only in well-ventilated areas. People with breathing problems should consult a physician before
using the heater.
”In a house of typical construction, that is, one that is not of unusually tight construction due to heavy
insulation and tight seals against air infiltration, an adequate supply of air for combustion and
ventilation is provided through infiltration. However, if the heater is used in a small room where less
than 200 cubic feet (5.7m3) of air space is provided for each 1000 Btu per hour of heater rating
(considering the maximum burner adjustment), the door(s) to adjacent room(s) should be kept open
or a window to the outside should be opened at least 25.4mm to guard against potential buildup of

indoor air pollution. Do not use the heater in a bathroom or any other small room with the door
closed.”
FUEL GUIDE
The TOYOTOMI KS-27A is designed for use with high-quality kerosene only. Use of low-quality kerosene will cause wick
performance to drop, leading to ”Iow flame” and ”odor problem” conditions.
Purchase only kerosene in non-red cans reserved exclusively for kerosene and marked accordingly with the word ”KEROSENE”.
Always store your kerosene in a separate area from where you store gasoline for your power equipment, to avoid accidental
use of gasoline in your heater.
What to Buy...
ALWAYS: Crystal clear, colorless, high quality KEROSENE.
ALWAYS: Kerosene free of contaminants, water or cloudiness.
NEVER: Gasoline, alcohol, white gas, camp stove fuel or additives.
NEVER: Yellow or sour-smelling fuel.
How to Use lt...
ALWAYS: Fill heater away from living quarters when heater is cool; use siphon.
ALWAYS: Check wick frequently for tar build-up. (Rapid, heavy build-up may
indicate poor quality or deteriorated fuel.)
ALWAYS: Watch fuel gauge to avoid over-filling heater.
How to Store lt...
ALWAYS: ln a clean container, clearly marked KEROSENE.
ALWAYS: AWAY FROM direct sunlight, heat sources or extreme temperature
changes.
NEVER: ln a glass container, or one that has been used for other fuels. NEVER: For longer than 6
months. (Begin each heating season with fresh
kerosene; discard at the end of the season.)
Why lt is lmportant...
Pure, clean kerosene is essential for safe and efficient heater operation. Poor quality or contaminated
kerosene can cause:
●Low flame
●Excess tar deposits on the wick
●Reduced wick life
●Odor, smoke
●Difficulty in igniting or extinguishing flame
Use of a highly volatile flammable fuel such as gasoline can produce uncontrollable flames, creating a
severe fire hazard.

CAUTlON
Flames observed emerging from the heater body are a clear indication that fuel is dangerously contaminated with gasoline
or other highly flammable material. If this occurs,
a. Never attempt to move the heater.
b. Call the Fire Department.
c. Use only a class ”B” fire extinguisher.
d. Never throw water directly on a burning heater.
OPERATING CONTROLS AND FEATURES
1. Heat Chamber:
Permits adjustment of heat output without increasing unwanted combustion materials or
reducing combustion efficiency. This feature increases comfort and convenience while
maximizing fuel savings.
2. Safety Guard:
Extensive grillework covers the hot surfaces of the heater, greatly reducing the possibility of
accidental contact burns.
3. Wick Adjuster Knob:
Used to raise and lower wick for heat output adjustment. To extinguish flame turn knob
counterclockwise.
4. Fuel Tank Cap:
Covers filling port of fuel tank.
NOTE: Wipe away any spilled kerosene from tank after filling.
5. Fuel Gauge:
Indicates fuel level in tank.
NOTE: Never fill beyond black line.

6. Manual Shutoff:
Used to rapidly retract wick and extinguish flame.
NOTE: To avoid odor and smoke, do not use routinely to turn heater off. This
manual shutoff is not effective when gasoline, gasoline-contaminated kerosene, or
other highly flammable fuels are used in the heater.
7. Heat Chamber Handle:
Used to check and insure proper seating of the heat chamber after ignition.
lmproper seating of the heat chamber will cause erratic flame and smoke.
SPECIFlCATlONS
TOYOTOMI Portable Kerosene Heater Model KS-27A
Heat rating
2,470kcal/9,800BTU/h
Fuel tank capacity
5.9 lit
Burning time/tank*
21 Hours
Size(W x H x D)
440 x 440 x 470mm
Weight
7.7kg
* Depending on wick setting, condition and fuel quality.

COMPONENT PARTS
REF#
PART NAME
1.
Guard assembly
2.
Carrying handle
3.
Top plale
4.
Heat chamber assembly
5.
Glass cylinder
6.
Push ring
7.
Cross pin
8.
Guard retainer
9.
Screw
10.
Wick adjuster with pendulum assembly
11.
Pendulum assembly
12.
Wick adjuster knob
13.
Screw 1A
14.
Wing nut
15.
Wick sleeve
16.
Glass fiber wick
17.
Rubber packing
18.
Fuel tank assembly
19.
Fuel gauge
20.
Fuel tank cap
21.
Primary air tube cover
22.
Screw E
23.
Reflector
24.
Under Outer Cover
25.
Drip tray
26.
Manual fuel siphon
ASSEMBLY AND OPERATlON
lNSPECTlON AND ASSEMBLY
NOTE: Save the shipping carton and packing materials for future storage of your heater.
1. REMOVE PACKING MATERIALS
Remove all packing materials from your heater and install the guard as follows:

CAUTION: Risk of burns. Do not operate heater without guard completely attached.
a) Remove the carrying handle, top plate and packing materials.
b) Replace the top plate and carrying handle.
2. lNSTALL DRIP TRAY
NOTE: DO NOT operate your heater without the drip tray.
Place the drip tray on the floor.
●Place the heater on the drip tray.
●Turn the heater clockwise until the feet slide into their tabs.
3. CHECK SCREWS
Make sure that the three (3) screws around the guard above the fuel tank are tight.
FUELING
2. Turn the air vent knob on the top of the siphon clockwise to close the air vent.
3. To start the flow of kerosene, squeeze the bulb of the siphon vigorously six orseven times. Once
the flow begins, it is no longer necessary to squeeze the bulb. To avoid overfilling the tank, watch
the fuel gauge. As the indicator enters the red zone, stop the flow by turning the air vent knob
counterclockwise.
NOTE: Be especially careful to avoid overfilling the tank with very cold
kerosene; otherwise overflow might occur when the fuel warms up.

4. Remove the siphon carefully, allowing the excess kerosene to drain from thetube back into container. Replace the fuel tank
cap and tighten it securely. Be sure to wipe away any spilled kerosene from tank or other heater parts.
CHECK BEFORE LIGHTING
1. LOCATE YOUR HEATER AWAY FROM WALLS AND AVOID DRAFTS
Allow at least three (3) feet of clearance between the heater and walls, curtains, shelving or other combustible materials. Do
not operate your heater in drafty areas or locations where opening doors may create gusts of air. Drafts or strong air currents
may make flame unstable and affect heater performance.
2. LEVEL THE HEATER
The heater should be operated on a firm, Ievel floor.
NOTE: lf your heater is not level, change Iocations. Do not attempt to prop it
up with books or other objects. An unlevel heater may burn with an uneven flame.
LIGHTING
NOTE: When you first use your new heater, ignite it out of the living area of your house, either in a garage
or an outside area protected from strong drafts. Burn it for about 15 minutes to remove all of the protective oil present
on the burner parts. lf this 15 minute ”burn-in” is done inside, some objectionable odor will be observed. This
procedure is necessary ONLY THE FIRST TIME you ignite your heater.
NOTE: lf you have fueled your heater for the first time, or if you are refueling it after it has been out of fuel
for a long time, you will need to wait about thirty (30) minutes for the wick to become fully saturated before Iighting.
Failure to allow enough time for the wick to become fully saturated may cause permanent damage to the wick when
it is lighted.

1. Turn the wick adjuster knob clockwise until it stops. This raises the wick to itsmaximum height. As
the wick rises within the heater, the wick adjuster knob turns with some resistance and makes a
sound like the winding of a clock. Once the wick has reached its proper height, the automatic
extinguisher is fully engaged. The wick adjuster knob will now move freely left or right to adjust the
flame.
2. LIGHTING
Tilt the heat chamber and touch the match to the top of the wick. Do not allow burned parts of the
match to fall or remain on the wick.
3. Be sure that heat chamber is properly seated by moving the wire heat chamberhandle left and
right.
NOTE: An improperly seated heat chamber can cause high flame, smoke, and
potential damage to the heater itself. Proper seating of the heat chamber is essential for
good performance. Do not leave the heater until you have determined that the flame is
burning normally, as described in the following section.
ADJUSTING THE FLAME
1. After lighting, wait for the heat chamber to reach operating temperature. This will take ten (10)
minutes,after which the flame will be visible through the glass cylinder.
2. CHECK THE FLAME LENGTH
After (5) minutes, the entire heat chamber should be glowing red.
BAD GOOD BAD
CORRECT
TOO LOW
Produces smoke and
soot
Most efficient combustion
Produces odor
lf necessary, raise or lower the wick by turning the wick adjuster knob to produce the proper flame condition.
NOTE: Do not operate your heater with wick set TOO LOW or TOO HIGH. Doing so will decrease
combustion efficiency and increase production of unwanted emissions. When operating heater, be sure wick is high
enough to keep the primary heat chamber heated to a uniform red glow from top to bottom.
NOTE: AIways observe the heater closely for the first 15-20 minutes after it is lighted to be sure it is
properly adjusted.

EXTINGUISHING THE FLAME
1. Turn the wick adjuster knob counterclockwise until it stops. Within a fewmoments, the flame will
be completely extinguished and the heater will be off.
2. Make sure the flame is out completely.
3. Do not try to relight the heater for at least three (3) minutes after turning it off,as this may cause
smoke and odor.
MANUAL SHUTOFF
When quick shutoff is necessary, push the manual shutoff down.
NOTE: For routine turn-off, DO NOT use the "Manual Shutoff" or activate the ”Automatic
Extinguisher” by jarring the heater. These methods may cause unwanted odor, soot and
smoke. Only the wick adjuster knob should be used for normal shutoff.
CARE AND MAINTENANCE
As with any good appliance, preventive as well as corrective maintenance is occasionally required. Please read the following
section carefully in order to enjoy the greatest benefits from your heater.
INSPECTlON OF THE WlCK
NOTE: One of the simplest but also the most important components of your heater is the wick.
With proper attention, the wick will last at least one heating season and, depending on the quality of the fuel used,
possibly longer, it helps to perform routine maintenance operations on the wick.
1. lndications that the wick may need attention are:
●low flame
●tar deposit on the top edge of the wick
●difficulty in turning the wick adjuster knob
●a flickering or dying flame
2. Clean the wick by burning dry as follows:
1) When the fuel gauge indicates empty, but the heater is still burning, raise thewick to its highest position and allow the
flame to consume the remaining fuel in the tank.
NOTE: Burning the wick dry can at times create odors. For the burning dry procedure, remove your heater
from the living area of your house into a well-ventilated area such as a garage or even a sheltered area outside. If
you burn the wick dry outside, be sure that the heater is not exposed to strong drafts during the procedure.

2) After the heater has cooled completely, remove the heater cover as described in items 1 and 2 of thenext section.
3) Remove any residue from the wick with a small brush such as an old toothbrush. Cinders or soot in theburner around the
wick may be vacuumed away. Be careful when removing such material from the wick with a brush, to do so gently so as
not to tear the top surface of the wick.
4) Remove any tar deposits on the top of wick adjuster and primary air tube using a scraper.
NOTE: When good wick performance is no longer achieved by the burning dry process, it may be
necessary to replace the burned wick with a new one.
5) Before reassembling the heater, take a few minutes to wipe the parts with a soft cotton cloth or papertowels.
6) Reassemble the heater, following directions in item 11 of the next section.
NOTE: If the flame is still low after cleaning the wick, the wick may contain some water. It is then necessary
to replace the wick and empty all kerosene from the fuel tank. Dry the tank thoroughly and refill with fresh, pure
kerosene.
REPLACEMENT OF PARTS
REPLACING THE WlCK
USE ONLY GENUINE TOYOTOMI ”KS-27A” REPLACEMENT WlCK. SUBSTITUTE WICKS CAN SEVERELY REDUCE PERFORMANCE AND
SAFETY.

5. Place the wick adjuster on its side. Next, line up the three (3) openings in thewick adjuster: 1) the holes in the sleeve, 2) the

diagonal slots in the fixed part of the wick adjuster, and 3) the slots in the moving part of the wick adjuster controlled by
the wick adjuster knob.
6. Fold the new wick in quarters and insert it into the wick adjuster from wickadjuster bottom. Place one of the pins in one of
the lined-up openings. lf you experience difficulty, gently turn the wick adjuster knob clockwise. Then insert the two other
pins, turning the wick adjuster knob if necessary. Do not bend the sleeve.
7. Finally, gently press the wick, all along its circumference, against the adjusterto insure that it is firmly in place.
8. Lower the wick adjuster into the fuel tank, guiding the tail of the wick so it fitsover the primary air tube and evenly into
place.
Point the wick adjuster knob to the front of the heater. Insure that the wick adjuster is centered over the studs on the fuel
tank.
NOTE: The space between the wick adjuster and the primary air tube should be even all around.
NOTE: Make certain the top of the wick adjuster and the top of primary air tube are the same height. lf they are uneven,
the flames tend to be uneven, too.
9. Tighten the three (3) wing nuts around the wick adjuster.
10. Engage the automatic extinguisher by turning the manual shutoff clockwiseinto vertical position. Turn the wick adjuster
knob to be sure the wick moves smoothly up and down.

AFTER REPLACING THE WICK, CHECK THE OPERATlON OF THE AUTOMATlC EXTINGUISHER.
Wick height on position should be 8mm when wick adjuster knob is turned fully cIockwise. Be sure
to check.
NOTE: lf wick does not move smoothly and easily, or wick height on position is not in the range
of 7-9mm do not use heater. Disassemble and repeat items 5 through 10.
NOTE: lf any ragged edges appear on the top of the wick, trim them with a
scissors carefully. DO NOT cut the body of the wick.
11. Replace the heater cover on the fuel tank and secure it into position with three
(3) screws.
12. Once again, check the proper operation of the automatic extinguisher.
NOTE: Before lighting a new wick for the first time, turn the wick to its
lowest position and allow the wick to saturate with kerosene for about thirty (30)
minutes.
STORAGE
At the end of each heating season, or when you do not plan to use your heater for an extended period of time, the following
procedures are recommended.
1. CLEAN WlCK AND HEATER
Follow directions in ”INSPECTlON OF THE WlCK”.
2. DRAIN FUEL TANK
After you have burned your heater dry, a small amount of kerosene will remain in the fuel tank. lt should be removed in order
to avoid contamination when the heater is refueled at a later date. To do this, remove the fuel cap, tip the heater toward yo u
and insert a small syringe into the bottom-most portion of the fuel tank.
Empty the tank completely before storage.
3. STORE HEATER
The original shipping carton is the best place to store your heater. If you do not have original packing materials, cover the heater
with a large plastic bag and store in a dry place.

TROUBLESHOOTING
PROBLEM
CAUSE
SOLUTlON
PAGE
Wick fails to ignite
Out of fuel
Water in kerosene/poor quality
kerosene
Check fuel gauge; add fuel if necessary.
Drain tank. Install new wick.
Refill with fresh and clean kerosene.
7
11
Smoke or odor
Heat chamber tilted or improperIy
seated
Wick set too high
Dirty wick
Drafts
Contaminated fueI/poor quality
kerosene
Move wire handle until heat chamber is
properly seated and moves smoothly left and
right.
Reduce wick height by turning wick adjuster
knob counterclockwise.
Clean wick as described under ”Care and
Maintenance”.
Relocate heater.
Drain tank and rinse with clean kerosene. lnstall
new wick and refill with fresh and clean
kerosene.
8
9
10
2
10
11
Flickering, dying or
low flame
Dirty wick
Water in kerosene/poor quality
kerosene
Wick too low to sustain good
flame
Clean wick as described under ”Care and
Maintenance”. lf necessary, install new wick.
Drain tank and rinse with clean kerosene.
lnstall new wick and refill with fresh, clean
kerosene.
Replace wick.
10
11
10
11
9
11

Wick adjuster knob
is hard to turn
Dirty wick
Poor quality kerosene
Damaged mechanism
Clean wick as described under ”Care and
Maintenance”.
Drain tank and rinse with clean kerosene. Install
new wick and refill with fresh, clean kerosene.
Contact your dealer for service.
10
10
11
Flame too high
Fuel contaminated with gasoline
or other highly flammable
material
lMMEDIATELY shut off heater.
lnspect all components for damage. Drain tank
and rinse with clean kerosene. lnstall new wick
and refill tank with fresh, clean kerosene.
9
10
11