Vertiv Ultracab Cross-Connect Operating and installation instructions

Aerial Distribution Products
Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures
Description and Installation Manual (631-201-009), Revision F
Part Number: P71350

Vertiv |Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures (631-201-009) |Rev. F
2
The information contained in this document is subject to change without
notice and may not be suitable for all applications. While every precaution
has been taken to ensure the accuracy and completeness of this
document, Vertiv Group Corporation assumes no responsibility and
disclaims all liability for damages resulting from use of this information or
for any errors or omissions. Refer to other local practices or building codes
as applicable for the correct methods, tools, and materials to be used in
performing procedures not specifically described in this document.
This document may contain confidential and/or proprietary information of
Vertiv Group Corporation, and its receipt or possession does not convey
any right to reproduce, disclose its contents, or to manufacture or sell
anything that it may describe. Reproduction, disclosure, or use without
specific authorization from Vertiv Group Corporation is strictly prohibited.
Vertiv and the Vertiv logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of
Vertiv Group Corporation. NetPerform™, NetReach™, NetSure™ and
NetXtend™ are trademarks of Vertiv Energy Systems, Inc. All other
trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
© 2017 Vertiv Energy Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Vertiv |Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures (631-201-009) |Rev. F
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Admonishments Used in this Document............................................................4
Important Safety Instructions ..............................................................................5
Safety Precautions Definition.....................................................................................................................5
General Safety Precautions..........................................................................................................................5
Voltages.......................................................................................................................................................................... 6
AC Input Voltages........................................................................................................................................................6
DC Output and Battery Voltages ..................................................................................................................6
Specific Safety Precautions .........................................................................................................................7
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)...........................................................................................10
Hazardous Voltage............................................................................................................................................10
Handling Equipment Containing Static Sensitive Components...........................10
Maintenance and Replacement Procedures............................................................................10
Static Warning..........................................................................................................11
About this Document ............................................................................................ 13
Purpose .........................................................................................................................................................................13
Reason for Reissue ............................................................................................................................................13
Information Not Provided in This Practice................................................................................. 13
Description...............................................................................................................14
Application .................................................................................................................................................................14
Construction.............................................................................................................................................................15
Terminal Blocks.....................................................................................................................................................15
Wire Pair Identification...................................................................................................................................16
Feeder Pairs..............................................................................................................................................................16
Installation................................................................................................................ 17
Choosing and Preparing a Location for the Enclosure ................................................. 17
Installing the Enclosure................................................................................................................................. 17
Jumper Wiring........................................................................................................ 20
Before You Begin ................................................................................................................................................20
Terminating Jumper Wires on CQF Blocks..............................................................................20
Terminating Jumper Wires on RLS Blocks................................................................................ 21
Routing Wire............................................................................................................................................................ 22
Accessories..............................................................................................................23
Spool Shafts for Cross-Connect Jumper Wire...................................................................... 23
One-Pair Tester.................................................................................................................................................... 23
Special Service Protective Cap.............................................................................................................24
Label Kits for the Terminal Blocks ....................................................................................................24

Vertiv |Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures (631-201-009) |Rev. F
4
ADMONISHMENTS USED IN THIS DOCUMENT
DANGER
! Warns of a hazard the reader will be exposed to that will likely result
in death or serious injury if not avoided
. (ANSI, OSHA)
WARNING
! Warns of a potential hazard the reader may be exposed to that could
result in
death or serious injury if not avoided
. This admonition is not used for situations that pose
a risk
only to equipment, software, data, or service. (ANSI)
CAUTION
! Warns of a potential hazard the reader may be exposed to that could
result in minor or moderate injury if not avoided
. (ANSI, OSHA) This admonition is not
used for situations that pose a
risk only to equipment, data, or service, even if such use
appears to be permitted in some of the applicable standards
. (OSHA)
ALERT
! Alerts the reader to an action that must be avoided in order to protect
equipment, software, data, or service
. (ISO)
ALERT
! Alerts the reader to an action that must be performed in order to prevent
equipment damage, software corruption, data loss, or service interruption
. (ISO)
FIRE SAFETY
! Informs the reader of fire safety information, reminders, precautions,
or policies, or of the locations of fire
-fighting and fire-safety equipment. (ISO)
SAFETY
! Informs the reader of general safety information, reminders, precautions, or
policies not related to a particular source of hazard or to fire safet
y. (ISO, ANSI, OSHA)

Vertiv |Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures (631-201-009) |Rev. F
5
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
Safety Precautions Definition
Definitions of the safety admonishments used in this document are listed under “Admonishments Used in this
Document” on page 4.
General Safety Precautions
The following precautions shall be observed at all time when handling and installing the enclosure:
•Observe the general safety precautions against personal injury and equipment damage.
•The procedures outlined in this manual are only recommended guidelines. Ensure that all NEC (National
Electric Code) and local codes for safety and wiring are followed.
-Use listed two-hole compression connectors (lugs) to terminate all ground connections. Selected
lug shall match wire and type, and crimped applied as specified by the lug manufacturer.
-Apply NO-OX-ID-A to all ground connections.
-Insulation of field-wire conductors should be rated no less than 105 °C, and gauge in a manner that
is consistent with the NEC and local codes.
•Always use a non-contact voltage detector, when approaching an enclosure, to verify no leaks or shorts
are presents on the external body.
•Read Enclosure Placement in its entirety prior to attempting to handle or secure the enclosure.
•A minimum of two persons are required to safely install the enclosure.
•Hard hats and steel-toed boots should be worn while maneuvering the enclosure.
•Safety glasses should always be on while on-site.
•Safety gloves should be on when working in temperature extremes, with batteries, or with sharp objects.
•All electricians, operators, and technicians have been trained for the task at hand.
•Keep bystanders away.
•Ensure that all personnel on site are familiar with the first-aid kit location and emergency procedures in
the event of an injury.
•Never leave the enclosure unattended. If leaving the site, close and secure the enclosure.

Vertiv |Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures (631-201-009) |Rev. F
6
You Must Follow Approved Safety Procedures
DANGER! Performing the following procedures may expose you to hazards. These procedures should
be performed by qualified technicians familiar with the hazards associated with this type of equipment.
These hazards may include shock, energy, and/or burns. To avoid these hazards:
a) The tasks should be performed in the order indicated.
b) Remove watches, rings, and other metal objects.
c) Prior to contacting any uninsulated surface or termination, use a voltmeter to verify that no voltage
or the expected voltage is present. Check for voltage with both AC and DC voltmeters prior to
making contact.
d) Wear eye protection.
e) Use certified and well maintained insulated tools. Use double insulated tools appropriately rated for
the work to be performed.
Voltages
AC Input Voltages
DANGER! This system operates from AC input voltage capable of producing fatal electrical shock. AC
input power must be completely disconnected from the branch circuits wiring used to provide power to
the system before any AC electrical connections are made. Follow local lockout/tagout procedures to
ensure upstream branch circuit breakers remain de-energized during installation. DO NOT apply AC
input power to the system until all electrical connections have been completed and checked.
DC Output and Battery Voltages
DANGER! This system produces DC power and may have a battery source connected to it. Although
the DC voltage is not hazardously high, the rectifiers and/or battery can deliver large amounts of current.
Exercise extreme caution not to inadvertently contact or have any tool inadvertently contact an output
terminal or battery terminal or exposed wire connected to an output terminal or battery terminal.
NEVER allow a metal object, such as a tool, to contact more than one termination or battery terminal at a
time, or to simultaneously contact a termination or battery terminal and a grounded object. Even a
momentary short circuit can cause sparking, explosion, and injury.

Vertiv |Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures (631-201-009) |Rev. F
7
Specific Safety Precautions
DANGER! RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK, GENERAL
All ground connections must be installed and verified prior to connecting any power cables (AC or DC)
and turning-up of enclosure.
When connecting any discrete power connection, make the connection first with the ground/return and
break last with ground/return.
Do not install equipment showing any physical damage.
DANGER! RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK, AC
Proper actions, include, but not limited to:
a) Verify before contacting the enclosure that no current leakage or ground fault condition is present.
b) Verify a proper ground is in place.
c) Verify for AC hook-up, all enclosure circuit breakers are OFF and the utility incoming feed is OFF.
Use a trained licensed electrician.
DANGER! RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK
The DC bus is powered by DUAL power sources – Rectifiers and DC Batteries.
To properly work on the system, de-energize by disconnecting BOTH power sources. Even with the
batteries turned off by using a local battery (circuit breaker) disconnect, batteries are still “LIVE” and
hazardous, including a voltage >50 VDC, and a source of high short circuit current.
Use extreme caution around the batteries and terminals.
Do not smoke.
DANGER! RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK, OSP CABLES
If joint buried cables are used, check the cable sheath for voltage in accordance with local standards. If
voltage is detected, do not proceed with the installation. Contact the supervisor and do not proceed
until the voltage hazard is eliminated.
DANGER! RISK OF CHEMICAL EXPOSURE
A battery can present harmful chemicals. Refer to the Battery Installation Manuals and MSDS supplied
with the batteries. Work in a ventilated area and follow all safety procedures.
At a minimum, wear safety glasses and gloves when working with batteries.

Vertiv |Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures (631-201-009) |Rev. F
8
WARNING! PREVENT INJURIES, FROM LIFTING THE ENCLOSURE
Follow all local safety practices while lifting the enclosure. Wear all locally approved safety gear. All
persons working with lifting equipment must wear standard safety headgear, eye protection, and (when
required) gloves.
Keep bystanders away from work operations at all times.
Do not lift the enclosure over people. Do not let anyone work, stand, or pass under a lifted enclosure.
Use all four points (eyebolts) to lift the enclosure.
Do not move or lift the enclosure with the front door open.
Never lift or move the enclosure with batteries or rectifiers installed.
Do not allow the lifting equipment or enclosure to touch any electrical wiring or equipment.
Operate all lifting equipment within safety constraints, as defined by the manufacturer and local
practices; for example, do not exceed the capacity of reach.
Do not use slings, clevises or shackles of insufficient capacity.
Crane Operation:
Only properly trained operators shall operate the crane.
Do not operate the crane until all stabilizers are extended. The stabilizers must be in firm contact with
the ground or other adequate support structure. Do not retract or extend the stabilizers when the
enclosure is suspended from the crane.
Do not lift the enclosure over people. Do not let anyone work, stand, or pass under a lifted enclosure.
Only the crane rigging crew should set up the crane and rigging.
Do not exceed the lifting capacity of the crane.
Forklift Operation:
The forklift must be rated for a lifting capacity of 4,000 lbs (1814 kg), or greater.
Required Equipment:
One hoist, crane, or forklift capable of lifting 4,000 lbs (1814 kg).
Four wire-rope slings, 8-ft. (2.44 m) long (minimum). Each sling should have 1,500 lb. (700 kg) capacity.
Four connecting links (clevises) (rated for a minimum of 1500 lb), to attach the wire-rope slings to the
enclosure lifting eyes.
A 75-ft (20 m) rope, 5/8” (1.5 cm) in diameter, to use as a tagline. A tagline is used to guide the
enclosure into position while it is lifted and lowered.

Vertiv |Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures (631-201-009) |Rev. F
9
CAUTION! PREVENT EQUIPMENT DAMAGE, PROPER HANDLING
Do not stack nor lay the enclosure on its side.
Similarly, do not stack batteries or lay them on their side. Do not tip batteries -- keep in upright position
at all times.
To avoid possible personnel injury or damage to the enclosure, do not remove it from the pallet until at
the installation site, at the point of transfer onto the pad.
DANGER! PREVENT EQUIPMENT DAMAGE, MAINTAIN VENTILATION
To optimize the service life of this equipment, make sure there are no obstructions in front of the
ventilation openings.
WARNING! RISK OF INJURY, FROM UNSECURED ENCLOSURE
Do not push or lean against an unsecured (unbolted) enclosure as it may tip over causing bodily injury.
Do not pull cables, terminate cables, install or place any batteries or rectifiers until enclosure has been
secured onto a pad.
Use caution when opening and closing doors to an enclosure not secured onto a pad.
WARNING! RISK OF INJURY TO EYES AND SKIN, FROM OPTIC DEVICES
Do not look into a fiber cable or device, nor hold such cable or device against body, fabric or other
material.
WARNING! RISK OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
After handling of the enclosure or any such component, such as batteries, cables, busbars, etc., always
wash hands immediately after.
WARNING! RISK OF EXPLOSION
For safety reasons, never restrict or block the airflow through the door or entry panel ventilation
openings.
CAUTION! PREVENT EQUIPMENT DAMAGE, FROM CONDENSATION
Until the enclosure is turned up for service, the bags of desiccant shipped with the enclosure must
remain in the enclosure to prevent condensation.
Once service is in-place, remove the desiccant.
CAUTION! PREVENT EQUIPMENT DAMAGE, BUILD A GOOD PAD
The pad should be level to within 1/4 in (6.4 mm) over the entire length and width, with a crown in the
middle to prevent any pooling of water and twist to the enclosure frame.
When mounting the enclosure on a pad, the compression strength of the concrete pad used must be a
minimum of 4000 psi as determined by ASTM C39 test of compression strength of concrete cylinders.
Always use a barrier pad between the concrete and the pad to prevent corrosion.

Vertiv |Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures (631-201-009) |Rev. F
10
CAUTION! PREVENT EQUIPMENT DAMAGE, OPERATING TEMPERATURE
The enclosure is approved for operation in an environment with an expected temperature range
of -40°Fto +115°F (–40°C to +46°C) and 5% to 95% relative humidity range, condensing. Do not use at
temperatures or humidity exceeding these ranges.
The enclosure is not for indoor use.
CAUTION! PREVENT DAMAGES CAUSED BY ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGES (ESD)
When handling the ECU unit, wear an appropriate antistatic device (a wrist strap for example) that is
properly connected to a designated antistatic grounding point (on a framework, on an anti-static floor
mat, etc.). ESD-protective packaging material shall also be used when carrying/shipping the ECU unit.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
DANGER! ARC FLASH AND SHOCK HAZARD.
Appropriate PPE and tools required when working on this equipment. An appropriate flash protection
boundary analysis should be done determine the “hazard/risk” category, and to select proper PPE.
Only authorized and properly trained personnel should be allowed to install, inspect, operate, or maintain
the equipment.
Do not work on LIVE parts. If required to work or operate live parts, obtain appropriate Energized Work
Permits as required by the local authority, per NFPA 70E “Standard for Electrical Safety in the
Workplace”.
Hazardous Voltage
DANGER! HAZARD OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK.
More than one disconnect may be required to de-energize the system before servicing.
Handling Equipment Containing Static Sensitive Components
ALERT! Installation or removal of equipment containing static sensitive components requires careful
handling. Before handling any equipment containing static sensitive components, read and follow the
instructions contained on the Static Warning Page.
Maintenance and Replacement Procedures
CAUTION! When performing any step in procedures that requires removal or installation of hardware,
use caution to ensure no hardware is dropped and left inside the unit; otherwise service interruption or
equipment damage may occur.
NOTE! When performing any step in procedures that requires removal of existing hardware, retain all
hardware for use in subsequent steps, unless otherwise directed.

Vertiv |Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures (631-201-009) |Rev. F
11
STATIC WARNING
This equipment contains static sensitive components. The warnings listed below must be observed to
prevent damage to these components. Disregarding any of these warnings may result in personal injury
or damage to the equipment.
1. Strictly adhere to the procedures provided in this document.
2. Before touching any equipment containing static sensitive components, discharge all static
electricity from yourself by wearing a wrist strap grounded through a one megohm resistor. Some
wrist straps have a built-in one megohm resistor; no external resistor is necessary. Read and follow
wrist strap manufacturer’s instructions outlining use of a specific wrist strap.
3. Do not touch traces or components on equipment containing static sensitive components. Handle
equipment containing static sensitive components only by the edges that do not have connector
pads.
4. After removing equipment containing static sensitive components, place the equipment only on
conductive or anti-static material such as conductive foam, conductive plastic, or aluminum foil. Do
not use ordinary Styrofoam™or ordinary plastic.
5. Store and ship equipment containing static sensitive components only in static shielding containers.
6. If necessary to repair equipment containing static sensitive components, wear an appropriately
grounded wrist strap, work on a conductive surface, use a grounded soldering iron, and use
grounded test equipment.

Vertiv |Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures (631-201-009) |Rev. F
12
This page is intentionally blank.

Vertiv |Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures (631-201-009) |Rev. F
13
ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT
Purpose
This practice provides instruction for installing the Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures.
Reason for Reissue
Whenever this practice is reissued, the reason for reissue will be stated in this paragraph.
•Update the installation instructions and illustrations.
Information Not Provided in This Practice
Refer to other local practices or building codes as applicable for the correct methods, tools and materials to be
used in performing procedures not specifically described in this document.
If your enclosure is equipped with RLS terminal blocks, then refer to the following documents for specific
information on wire termination on RLS50 blocks:
•641-202-002, RLS50 Self-Strip Block Description and Installation and
•641-202-009, RLS50 Self-Strip Block Feed-Thru Half-Tap Activator Kit Description and Installation
NOTE! The information contained in this practice is subject to change without notice and may not be
suitable for all applications.

Vertiv |Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures (631-201-009) |Rev. F
14
DESCRIPTION
Application
The Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures (Figure 1and Figure 2) are pole-mounted, center-feed cross-
connect/interface system equipped with quiet front CFQ terminal blocks or RLS self-strip terminal blocks.
Figure 1: 400 Pair Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosure
Figure 2: 1800 Pair Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosure

Vertiv |Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures (631-201-009) |Rev. F
15
Construction
Enclosures are manufactured of aluminum and mill-galvanized steel. All enclosures are powder coat painted
with green or off-white finish. Enclosure dimensions are given in Table 1.All enclosures are equipped with
filtered vents for proper ventilation. Enclosure doors are secured by a three-point locking system and have
closed-cell and bulb seal neoprene gasketing.
Table 1: Enclosure Dimensions
Pair Count
Enclosure Dimensions (inches)
Height Width Depth
100-400
33
16
14
500-900 45 24 14
1000-1200
45
32
14
1300-1800 62 33 14
1900-2700
62
46
14
Terminal Blocks
The terminal block field is drop-down style and secured with hex head bolts. All blocks are hard-wired to a
cable stub or harness behind the block face and are encapsulated for moisture resistance.
Enclosures are equipped either with 50-pair CQF quiet-front screw-type binding post terminal blocks or with
50-pair RLS self-strip terminal blocks both shown in Figure 3. The CQF terminal lugs are tin-plated for
corrosion resistance and are captivated in the block to eliminate accidental detachment from the block housing.
For information on RLS terminal blocks, see document 641-202-002, RLS50 Self-Strip Block Description and
Installation.
Figure 3: Terminal Blocks
50-pair CQF Block
50-pair RLS Block

Vertiv |Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures (631-201-009) |Rev. F
16
Wire Pair Identification
The feeder (in) and distribution (out) pairs are identified separately on the face of the enclosure blocks by color
code. The binding posts or IDC clips are given terminal pair identification, starting with one and proceeding to
the last pair number for that particular type of pair. Therefore, each has a feeder (in-green) pair number one
and a distribution (out-blue) pair number one, etc. Terminal blocks are numbered horizontally (EXAMPLE: Row
1, pairs 1-5; row 2, pairs 6-10; on RLS: Row 1, pairs 1-10; etc.).
Feeder Pairs
All standard pole-mounted cross-connect enclosures of 600 pairs and larger are configured for a feeder to
distribution ratio of 1 to 2. Engineering design may dictate different counts. Feeder pairs are located in the left
column for 100-pair to 400-pair enclosures; in the center column for 600-pair to 900-pair enclosures and in the
two center columns for 1200-pair to 2700-pair enclosures. Refer to Figure 4.
Figure 4: Layout of Terminal Blocks
feeder
distribution
100 - 400 pair
enclosure
feeder
distribution
distribution
600 - 900 pair
enclosure
feeder
feeder
distribution
distribution
distribution
distribution
1900 - 2700 pair
enclosure
feeder
feeder
1200 - 1800 pair
enclosure

Vertiv |Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures (631-201-009) |Rev. F
17
INSTALLATION
Choosing and Preparing a Location for the Enclosure
The pole-mounted cross-connect enclosures can be installed at any height. For ease of access, install the
enclosure at working level per local practices.
SAFETY! In areas where damage could occur to enclosures mounted at ground level, such as alleys,
mount the enclosure below aerial cables, with adequate clearance for bending the stub at a 90o angle to
prepare the splice. A balcony may be installed for ease of access and to provide a safe working position
for field technicians.
Installing the Enclosure
DANGER! Be sure the area above the hoisting operation is clear of power lines or obstructions. Also, be
sure to follow all local and company safety practices during lifting.
Perform the following steps to install an Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosure:
1. Drill a 11/16-inch hole through the pole for the top bracket (see Figure 5).
Figure 5: Top Pole-Mounting Bracket

Vertiv |Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures (631-201-009) |Rev. F
18
2. Secure the top bracket to the pole with a 5/8-inch through bolt. Level the bracket before tightening the
bolt.
3. Raise the unit using a block and tackle or winch line passed through a snatch block attached to the top
of the sling. Guide the unit during the hoisting operation with a hand line fastened to the bottom pole-
mounting bracket.
4. Place the enclosure on top of the pole-mounted bracket and verify that both brackets on the enclosure
are properly engaged and sitting levelled on the pole bracket (see Figure 6).
5. Secure the bottom pole mounting by drilling a 11/16-inch hole through the pole and using a 5/8-inch
through bolt (see Figure 7).
6. Attach the supplied stabilizer bars to the bottom of the enclosure using the supplied "U" clamps, do not
tighten (see Figure 7).
NOTE! Does not apply for 400 pair size units.
7. Attach the other end of the stabilizer bars to the pole using two 3/8-inch bolts per bar (see Figure 7).
NOTE! Does not apply for 400 pair size units.
8. Tighten all mounting hardware.
Figure 6: Lifting Brackets and Stabilizer Bars
LIFTING
BRACKETS
STABILIZER
BARS
POLE

Vertiv |Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures (631-201-009) |Rev. F
19
Figure 7: Bottom Pole-Mounting Bracket

Vertiv |Aerial Ultracab Cross-Connect Enclosures (631-201-009) |Rev. F
20
JUMPER WIRING
Before You Begin
Before running cross-connect jumper wire, craft personnel should become familiar with the numbering
sequence used in the terminal as described in Wire Pair Identification and Feeder Pairs.
Feeder and distribution fields are color-coded. Feeder cables are terminated in the green field and distribution
cables are terminated in the blue field.
Begin by terminating each 22 AWG "G" or 24 AWG "F" cross-connecting jumper wire pair as described in
Terminating Jumper Wires on CQF Blocks or Terminating Jumper Wires on RLS Blocks.
Terminating Jumper Wires on CQF Blocks
Perform the following steps to terminate a jumper wire pair on a CQF terminal block in the feeder field:
1. Pull enough jumper wire from the spool mounted on the housing door to reach the assigned feeder
cable terminal binding post (see Figure 8).
Figure 8: Pulling Jumper Wire
2. Terminate the jumper wire on the terminal binding post as shown below (see Figure 9).
•Strip approximately 1/2-inch of insulation from the end of the jumper wire. Do not nick the
conductor.
•Loosen the screw on the binding post until the first washer rides out in front of the terminal silo.
3. Place the wire between the washers on the terminal binding post. Tighten securely, but do not over
tighten (see Figure 10).