Vicon V9360-6 Series Operating instructions

ViconNet 8.0 Software
XXYYY-XX-XX
Vicon Industries Inc. does not warrant that the functions contained in this equipment will
meet your requirements or that the operation will be entirely error free or perform
precisely as described in the documentation. This system has not been designed to be
used in life-critical situations and must not be used for this purpose.
Document Number: 8009-8289-40-00 Product specifications subject to change without
notice. Issued: 2/17 Copyright © 2017 Vicon Industries Inc. All rights reserved.
Vicon Industries Inc.
Tel: [phone]) Fax: [phone]
Toll Free: 800-645-9116
24-Hour Technical Support: 800-34-VICON
(800-348-4266) UK: 44/(0) 1489-566300
www.vicon-security.com
XX289-40-00
V9360-6 and V9360-12 Series
Network Panoramic Cameras
Programming Guide

1
Table of Contents
1. Overview................................................................................................................................4
2. Menu Tree..............................................................................................................................4
2.1 Home Page..................................................................................................................5
2.1.1 Function Items on Home Page.....................................................................5
2.1.2 Function Differences among Models ..........................................................10
2.2 System ......................................................................................................................12
2.2.1 System.......................................................................................................12
2.2.2 Security......................................................................................................14
2.2.3 Network......................................................................................................22
2.2.4 DDNS.........................................................................................................30
2.2.5 Mail ............................................................................................................30
2.2.6 FTP............................................................................................................31
2.2.7 HTTP..........................................................................................................31
2.2.8 Events (Alarm Settings)..............................................................................32
2.2.9 Storage Management.................................................................................58
2.2.10 Recording...................................................................................................62
2.2.11 Schedule....................................................................................................63
2.2.12 File Location (Snapshots and Web Recording)...........................................65
2.2.13 View Information ........................................................................................65
2.2.14 Factory Default...........................................................................................67
2.2.15 Software Version........................................................................................67
2.2.16 Software Upgrade ......................................................................................68
2.2.17 Maintenance...............................................................................................69
2.3 Streaming..................................................................................................................70
2.3.1 Video Format (Video Resolution and Rotate Type).....................................71
2.3.2 Video Compression....................................................................................73
2.3.3Video OCX Protocol...................................................................................74
2.3.4 Video Frame Rate......................................................................................74
2.3.5 Audio (Audio Mode and Bit Rate Settings) .................................................75
2.4 Camera......................................................................................................................77
2.4.1 Exposure....................................................................................................77
2.4.2 White Balance............................................................................................80
2.4.3 Picture Adjustment.....................................................................................83
2.4.4IR Function.................................................................................................84
2.4.5 Noise Reduction.........................................................................................85
2.4.6 Profile.........................................................................................................87
2.4.7 Backlight ....................................................................................................88
2.4.8 Digital Zoom...............................................................................................88
2.4.9 WDR Function............................................................................................89

2
2.4.10 Fisheye Setting (Fisheye IP Camera Only).................................................90
2.4.11 TV System..................................................................................................93
2.5 Pan Tilt......................................................................................................................94
2.5.1 Preset.........................................................................................................94
2.5.2 Sequence...................................................................................................95
2.5.3 Pan/Tilt Control ..........................................................................................96
2.6 Logout .......................................................................................................................97
Appendix A: Install UPnP Components.....................................................................................98
Appendix B: IP Addresses from Decimal to Binary..................................................................99
Appendix C: Video Resolution.................................................................................................100
Primary Video Resolution....................................................................................................100
Quad Streams .........................................................................................................100
Triple Streams.........................................................................................................105
Dual Streams...........................................................................................................108
Single Stream..........................................................................................................109
Advanced Video Resolution................................................................................................110
Quad Streams .........................................................................................................110
Triple Streams.........................................................................................................123
Dual Streams...........................................................................................................126
Single Stream..........................................................................................................128
Single Stream- 2M Only...........................................................................................128
Primary- HDR (2 Shutter Mode) Video Resolution...............................................................129
Triple Streams- 4M Only..........................................................................................129
Dual Streams- 4M Only ...........................................................................................133
Single Stream- 4M Only...........................................................................................134
Triple Streams- 3M Only..........................................................................................134
Dual Streams- 3M Only ...........................................................................................139
Single Stream- 3M Only...........................................................................................139
Advanced- HDR (2 Shutter Mode) Video Resolution...........................................................140
Triple Streams- 4M Only..........................................................................................140
Dual Streams- 4M Only ...........................................................................................145
Single Stream- 4M Only...........................................................................................146
Triple Streams- 3M Only..........................................................................................146
Dual Streams- 3M Only ...........................................................................................149
Single Stream- 3M Only...........................................................................................150
Advanced- HDR (3 Shutter Mode) Video Resolution...........................................................151
Triple Streams- 4M Only..........................................................................................151
Dual Streams- 4M Only ...........................................................................................156
Single Stream- 4M Only...........................................................................................157
Triple Streams- 3M Only..........................................................................................157
Dual Streams- 3M Only ...........................................................................................161

3
Single Stream- 3M Only...........................................................................................161
12M Fisheye IP Camera......................................................................................................162
Dual Streams- Front End Correction........................................................................162
Single Stream- Front End Correction.......................................................................162
Quad Streams- Back End Correction.......................................................................163
Triple Streams- Back End Correction.......................................................................168
Dual Streams- Back End Correction........................................................................170
Single Stream- Back End Correction .......................................................................171
6M Fisheye IP Camera .......................................................................................................172
Dual Streams- Front End Correction........................................................................172
Single Stream- Front End Correction.......................................................................172
Quad Streams- Back End Correction.......................................................................173
Triple Streams- Back End Correction.......................................................................178
Dual Streams- Back End Correction........................................................................180
Single Stream- Back End Correction .......................................................................180
5M Fisheye IP Camera Video Resolution............................................................................181
Dual Streams- Front End Correction........................................................................181
Single Stream- Front End Correction.......................................................................181
Quad Streams- Back End Correction.......................................................................182
Triple Streams- Back End Correction.......................................................................192
Dual Streams- Back End Correction........................................................................195
Single Stream- Back End Correction .......................................................................196

4
1. Overview
The V9360-6 and V9360-12 Series Panoramic IP Cameras are provided with a
user-friendly browser-based configuration interface and a free bundled CMS
(Central Management System) for video playback and recording. In this manual,
information about main page introduction, system related settings and camera
settings will be described in detail.
2. Menu Tree
There are six maintabs including <Home>, <System>, <Streaming>, <Camera>,
<Pan Tilt> and <Logout> on the Home Page.
Home
Users can monitor the live video of the targeted area.
System Setting
The administrator can set host name, system time, root password, network
related settings, etc. Further details will be explained in the System chapter.
Streaming Setting
The administrator can configure video format, video compression, video OCX
protocol, video frame rate and audio compression in this page.
Camera Setting
This setting page is only available for the administrator and user accounts that
have camera control privileges. The administrator and users can adjust various
camera parameters including Exposure, White Balance, Sharpness, 2D/3DNR,
Digital Zoom, WDR, etc.
Pan/Tilt Setting
This setting page is only available for the administrator and user accounts that
have camera control privileges. The administrator and users can set preset point
and sequence line in this page. However, only the administrator can access the
<Pan/Tilt Control> setting to activate the pan/tilt function and select the RS-485
protocol.
NOTE: Pan/Tilt function is only availablefor camera models with RS-485.

5
Logout
Click on the tab to re-login to the camera with another username and password.
2.1 Home Page
Click on the tab <Home> to access the <Home> Page. There are several
function buttons on this page. Detailed information of each item is described in
the following section.
NOTE: The function buttons on the Home page will vary according to
different camera models.
2.1.1 Function Items on Home Page
Multiple Languages Support
Multiple languages are supported, including German, English, Spanish, French,
Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Simplified Chinese and Traditional
Chinese for the viewer window interface.
Display Stream Selection
According to the streaming setting, users can choose the one stream to display
from the drop-down list.

6
Zoom Adjustment (Motorized Lens Models Only)

Wide / Tele buttons
Hold the <WIDE / TELE
> button and implement continuous zoom
adjustment. This function is only available for models with zoom lens.

Wide / Tele Steps buttons
Select a Tele / Wide step value from the drop-down menu to shift the
zoom lens according to the define value.

Reset button
Click on the <Reset> button and the zoom lens will be calibrated to the
maximum wide end.
Manual Focus Adjustment (ABF Box IP Camera and Motorized Lens Models
Only)

Near / Far buttons
Hold the <Near / Far> button and implement continuous focus
adjustment. This function is also available for models with zoom lens.

Near / Far Steps buttons
Select a Tele / Wide step value from the drop-down menu to shift the
focus lens according to the defined value.

Reset button
Click on the <Reset> button and the focus lens will first be reset to the
maximum near end. Then the lens will be calibrated
to a suitable
position according to the monitoring environment.
Auto Focus (AF) Adjustment (Zoom Lens Models and Motorized Lens
Models Only)

Manual button
Click on the <Manual> button and users can adjust the focus manually
via the <Near / Far> buttons.

Zm Trig (Zoom Trigger AF)
In this mode, AF is activated every time when zoom is adjusted.

Push AF
The One Push AF function is for fixing the focus in one click. This
function is also available for ABF Box IP Camera.

7

Precise AF Button (ABF Box IP Camera only)
This function is to precisely adjust the focus continuously and to prevent
the camera from being out of focus. Check this item before pressing the
<Push AF> button.

Lock
(ABF Box IP Camera only)
The Lock function is to lock the ABF function of the Box camera after
the auto focus is adjusted to the best position.
This function is used to prevent the camera from beingout of focus when
the camera is moved afterwards or is accidentally adjusted locally or
remotely via NVR/VMS.
Click on this button to lock the ABF function of
the camera. Click again to disable this function and adjust the focus of
the camera.
Fisheye Image Adjustment (Panoramic IP Camera Only)
Fisheye Source Image
Click on the <Fisheye Source Image> button to view the live videos as
hemisphere fisheye source images.
Single ePTZ
Click on the <Single ePTZ> button to view the dewarped live images
and virtually
pan / tilt / zoom the camera according to users’ needs.
Users can implement virtual PTZ
by rotating the mouse wheel (for
zoom in / out), and drag the mouse into any direction.
360° Panoramic
Click on the <360°
Panoramic> button to view the dewarped live
images as two 180° views.
Quad View
Click on the <Quad View> button to view the dewarped live images as
four ePTZ views.
180° Panoramic
For Wall Mount Installed Camera, click on the <180° Panoramic>
button to view the dewarped live video as a single 180° view.

8
Dual ePTZ
For Wall Mount Installed Camera, click on the <Dual ePTZ> button to
view the dewarped live video as a single 180° view with two ePTZ
views. Users can implement virtual
PTZ by rotating the mouse wheel
(for zoom in / out) and drag the mouse in any direction in the ePTZ live
video panes.
The available Fisheye Image Adjustment buttons are different according to the
dewarping and installation method selected on the <Fisheye Setting> page. The
following table shows the available buttons in different dewarping methods and
installation methods. The supported buttons are represented by “v”.
Dewarping Method /
Installation Method
Button
Front End Correction*
Back End Correction
Ceiling
Mount Wall Mount Ceiling Mount Wall Mount
Fisheye Source Image
-
-
v
v
Single ePTZ
v**
-
v
-
360° Panoramic
v
-
v
-
Quad View
v
-
v
-
180° Panoramic
-
v
-
v
Dual ePTZ
-
v
-
v
*If users use the Front End Correction method for dewarping, the buttons will only
be shown when video format is set to H.264-2 or MJPEG on the home page.
**If users use theFrontEnd Correctionmethod,the SingleePTZbuttonsupported
in Ceiling Mount installation is only available when the resolution of the second
stream is smaller than “960 x 960”.
Quality
Click to show/hide the video quality information including bitrate and
compression.
Full Screen
Image display size can be adjusted to full screen. Alternatively, right click on the
Live Video Pane and select <Fullscreen> to go full screen.
To exit full screen mode, users can (1) tap <Esc> on the keyboard; (2) double
click on the Live Video Pane; (3) righ
t click on the Live Video Pane and select
<Normal view>.

9
Talk Button
(On / Off)
Talk function allows the local site to talk to the remote site. Click on the button to
switch it to On / Off. Users must select the suitable transmission mode under this
path: Streaming> Audio to enable this function.
NOTE: This function is only available for user accounts that have this
privilege allowed by the administrator. Please refer to
Security: Add
user> Talk/Listen for further details.
Listen Button
(On / Off)
Click on the <Listen> button to mute / activate the audio. Users must select the
suitable transmission mode under Streaming> Audio to enable this function.
NOTE: This function is only available for user accounts that have been
granted this privilege by the administrator. Please refer to Security: Add
user> Talk/Listen for further details.
Snapshot Button
Click on
the button and the JPEG snapshots will automatically be saved in the
selected location. The default location for saving snapshots is: C:\. To change
the storage location, refer to section File Location of the next chapter for further
details.
NOTE: With Windows 7 or Windows 8 operating system, to implement
the Snapshot function, users must run IE as administrator. To run IE as
administrator, right click on the IE browser icon and select “
Run As
Administrator” to launch IE.
Live View Pause / Restart Button
(Pause / Restart)
Click on the <Pause> button to disable video streaming; the live video will be
displayed as black. Press the <Restart> button to show the live video.
Record Button
(On / Off)
Click on the <Record> button and the Live View through the web browser will be
directly recorded to the specific location on the local hard drive, which could be
configured in the File Location
page. The default storage location for the web
recording is: C:\. Refer to section File Location of the next chapter
for further
details.

10
NOTE: With Windows 7 or Windows 8 operating system, to implement
the Web Recording function,
users must run IE as administrator. To run
IE as administrator, right click on the IE browser icon and select “Run As
Administrator” to launch IE.
Manual Trigger Button
(On / Off)
Click on the <Manual Trigger > button to turn on and off the manual trigger. Refer
to section Manual Trigger of the next chapter for further details.
Optical / Digital Zoom Control
In Normal View display mode, users can implement zoom in / out by moving the
cursor to the live video pane and scrolling the mouse wheel. Digital zoom is only
available when the function is activated in <Digital Zoom> page under the
<Camera> tab.
NOTE: Optical Zoom function is onlyapplicable for 3x Zoom Lens Models.
2.1.2 Function Differences among Models
The table below shows the available function items seen on the home page for
different IP camera models. The first table below lists the applicable lens for
different IP camera models. According to the applied lens, the supported
functions will vary; refer to the tables below for details. In each table, the
applicable lens and the supported function items are marked by “v”.
Applicable Lens for Different IP Camera Models
Hyper IP Camera
Lens
Model
Fixed-
focal
Vari-
focal
Motorized Zoom CS Mount Fisheye
IR Bullet
-
v
v
-
-
-
Box / ABF Box
-
-
-
-
v
-
Zoom AF Box
-
-
-
v
-
-
Fisheye
-
-
-
-
-
v
Compact Dome
-
v
v
v
-
-
Mini Fisheye
-
-
-
-
-
v
Mini Rugged Dome
-
v
v
v
-
-
Mini Dome
v
v
v
v
-
-

11
Supported Functions for the Applied Lens
Lens
Function
Fixed-
focal Vari- focal Motorized Zoom CS Mount
Fisheye***
Wall
Mount
Ceiling
Mount
Multiple Language
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Digital Zoom Ctrl
v
v
v
v
v
-
-
Screen Size Adjust
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Talk (On / Off)*
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Speaker (On / Off)*
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Snapshot
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Video Streaming
Pause/Restart
vvvvvvv
Web Recording
(On / Off)
vvvvvvv
Zoom
Adjust.
Tele/Wide
-
-
v
v
-
-
-
Tele/Wide
Steps
- - v- - - -
Reset
-
-
v
-
-
-
-
Manual
Focus
Adjust.
Near/Far
-
-
v
v
v**
-
-
Near/Far
Steps
- - v- v** - -
Reset
-
-
v
-
v**
-
-
Push AF
-
-
-
v
-
-
-
Auto
Focus
Adjust.
Manual
-
-
-
v
-
-
-
Cont.
-
-
-
v
-
-
-
Zm Trig
-
-
-
v
-
-
-
Push AF
-
-
v
-
-
-
-
Fisheye Source
Image
- - - - - vv
Dual ePTZ
-
-
-
-
-
v
-
180° Panoramic
-
-
-
-
-
v
-
Single ePTZ
-
-
-
-
-
-
v
360° Panoramic
-
-
-
-
-
-
v
Quad View
-
-
-
-
-
-
v
*Talk and Speaker functions are optional.
**ABF Box IP cameras support Manual Focus Adjustment function. However,
non-ABF Box IP cameras do NOT support this function.
***The function items for fisheye IP camera models will vary according to
different installation methods. Two installation methods are provided: wall mount
and ceiling mount installation.

12
2.2 System
Under the tab <System>, the categories are shown as the configure page below.
NOTE: Only Administrator can access the <System> configuration page.
2.2.1 System
The System setting can be found under the path: System> System.
Host Name
The name is for camera identification. If the alarm function (refer to section
Events) is enabled and is set to send alarm messages by Mail / FTP, the host
name entered here will be displayed in the alarm message.
Time Zone
Select the time zone from the drop-down menu according to the location of the
camera.
Enable Daylight Saving Time
To enable DST, please check the item and then specify the time offset and the
DST duration. The format for time offset is [hh:mm:ss]; for instance, if the amount
of time offset is one hour, please enter “01:00:00” into the field.

13
Time format
Choose a time format (yyyy/mm/dd or dd/mm/yyyy) from the drop-down menu.
The format of the date and time displayed above the live video window will be
changed according to the selected format.
Sync with Computer Time
Select the item, and video date and time display will synchronize with the PC’s.
NOTE: Users MUST click on the <Save> button to confirm the setting.
Otherwise, the time will not be synced.
Manual
The administrator can set video date and time manually. Entry format should be
identical with the examples shown next to the enter fields.
Sync with NTP Server
Network Time Protocol (NTP) is an alternate way to synchronize the camera’s
clock with a NTP server. Please specify the server that is wished to synchronize
in the entry field. Then select an update interval from the drop-down menu.
For further information about NTP, please see the web site: www.ntp.org.
NOTE: The synchronizationwill be done every time the camera boots up.
Click on <Save> to confirm the setting.

14
2.2.2 Security
The Security setting can be found under this path: System> Security.
Click on the <Security> category, there will be a drop-down menu with tabs
including <User>, <HTTPS>, <IP Filter>, and <IEEE 802.1X>.
2.2.2.1 User
The User setting can be found under this path: System> Security> User.
Admin Password
This item is for the administrator to reset password. Enter the new password in
<Admin password> and <Confirm password>. The maximum length is 14
characters. The input characters / numbers will be displayed as dots for security
purposes. Click on <Save> to confirm the changes. After the changes are
confirmed, the web browser will ask the administrator to re-login to the camera
with the new password.
NOTE: The following characters are valid: A-Z, a-z, 0-9, !#$%&’-.@^_~.
Add User
This item is for the administrator to add new users. Enter the new user’s name
in <User name> and the password in <User password>. Username can be up to
16 characters, and the maximum length of the password is 14 characters. Tick
the boxes below to give privileges for functions, including “Camera control”,
“Talk” and “Listen”. Click on <Add> to add the new user. The name of the new
added user will be displayed in the <User name> drop-down list under <Manage
User>. There is a maximum of twenty user accounts.
I/O access
This item supports fundamental functions that enable users to view the
live video when accessing to the camera.
Camera control
This item allows the appointed user to change camera parameters on the
<Camera> and <PTZ> setting page.

15
Talk/Listen
This item allows the appointed user in the local site (camera site) to
communicate with, for instance, the administrator in the remote site.
Manage User
Delete user
Pull down the <User name> drop-down list and select the username that
is wished to be deleted. Click on <Delete> to remove the selected name.
Edit user
Pull down the <User name> drop-down list and select the username.
Click on <Edit> and a popup window will appear. In the appeared window,
enter the new user password and reset the privileges. Click on <Save>
to confirm the changes. Then click on <Close> to complete the editing.
HTTP Authentication Setting
This setting allows secured connections between the IP camera and web
browser by enforcing access controls to web resources. When users approach
to the web browser, it’ll ask for username and password, which protects the
camera settings or live streaming information from snooping. There are two
security models available: Basic and Digest. Refer to the descriptions below for
more details.
Basic
This mode can only provide basic protection for the connection security.
There will still be risks for the password being intercepted.
Digest
Digest mode is a safer option for protection. The password is sent in an
encrypted format to prevent it from being stolen.
NOTE: Users MUST click on the <Save> button to apply the setting.

16
Streaming Authentication Setting
This setting provides security against unauthorized users from getting streaming
via Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP). If the setting is enabled, users will be
requested to enter user name and password before viewing the live streams.
There are three security modes available: Disable, Basic and Digest. Refer to
the descriptions below for more details.
Disable
If disable mode is selected, there will be no security provided to against
unauthorized access. Users will not be asked to input user name and
password for authentication.
Basic
This mode can only provide basic protection for the live streams. There
will still be risks for the password being intercepted.
Digest
Digest mode is a safer option for protection. The password is sent in an
encrypted format to prevent it from being stolen.
NOTE: Users MUST click on the <Save> button to apply the setting.

17
2.2.2.2 HTTPS
The HTTPS setting can be found under this path: System> Security> HTTPS.
<HTTPS> allows secure connections between the camera and the web browser
using <Secure Socket Layer (SSL)> or <Transport Layer Security (TLS)>, which
ensure camera settings or Username / Password info from snooping. It is
required to install a self-signed certificate or a CA-signed certificate for
implementing HTTPS.
To use HTTPS on the camera, an HTTPS certificate must be installed.
The HTTPS certificate can be obtained by either creating and sending a
certificate request to aCertificateAuthority(CA) or creating a self-signed HTTPS
certificate, as described below.
Create Self-signed Certificate
Before a CA-issued certificate is obtained, users can create and install a self-
signed certificate first.
Click on <Create> under “Create self-signed certificate” and provide the
requested information to install a self-signed certificate for the camera.
Please refer to the last part of this section Provide the Certificate Information for
more details.
NOTE: The self-signed certificate does not provide the same high level
of security as when using a CA-issued certificate.
Install Signed Certificate
Click on the <Create Certificate Request> button to create and submit a
certificate request in order to obtain a signed certificate from CA.
Provide the request information in the create dialog. Please refer to the following
section Provide the Certificate Information for more details.
When the request is complete, the subject of the Created Request will be shown
in the field. Click on <Properties> below the Subject field, copy the PEM-
formatted request and send it to the selected CA.
When the signed certificate is returned, install it by uploading the signed
certificate.

18
Provide the Certificate Information
To create a Self-signed HTTPS Certificate or a Certificate Request to CA, please
enter the information as requested.
Create Self Signed Certificate
Create Certificate Request
Country
v
v
State or Province
v
v
Locality
v
v
Organization
v
v
Organizational Unit
v
v
Common Name
v
v
Valid Days
v
-
Country
Enter a two-letter combination code to indicate the country the certificate
will be used in. For instance, type in “US” to indicate United States.
State or province
Enter the local administrative region.
Locality
Enter other geographical information.
Organization
Enter the name of the organization to which the entity identified in
“Common Name” belongs.
Organization Unit
Enter the name of the organizational unit to which the entity identified in
“Common Name” belongs.
Common Name
Indicate the name of the person or other entity that the certificate
identifies (often used to identify the website).
Valid days
Enter the period in days (1 to 9999) to indicate the valid period of
certificate.
Click on <OK> to save the Certificate Information after completing the setting.

19
2.2.2.3 IP Filter
The IP Filter setting can be found under this path: System> Security> IP Filter.
With IP Filter, users can allow or deny specific IP addresses from accessing the
camera.
Enable IP Filter
Check the box to enable the IP Filter function. Once enabled, the listed
IPaddresses(IPv4) in the<FilteredIP Addresses>listbox willbe allowed
/ denied to access the camera.
Select <Allow> or <Deny> from the drop-down list and click on the
<Apply> button to determine the IP filter behavior.
Add IP Address
Input IP address at the blank space below the <Filtered IP Address> list
and click <Add>. The newly-added address will be shown in the list. Up
to 256 IP address entries can be specified.
In addition, to filter a group of IP addresses, enter an address at the blank
space followed with a slash and a number ranging from 1 to 31, e.g.
192.168.2.81/30. The number after the slash can define how many IP
addresses will be filtered. For details, please refer to the following
example.
Example: Filtering a group of consecutive IP addresses
The steps below show what will be filtered when 192.168.2.81/30 is
entered.
Step 1: Convert 192.168.2.81 to binary numbers. The binary
numbers are 11000000.10101000.00000010.01010001. Users can
refer to Appendix B: IP Addresses from Decimal to Binary for
converting the IP addresses to binary numbers. The number “30”
after the slash is referring to the first 30 digits of the binary numbers.
Step 2: Convert a few IP addresses before and after 192.168.2.81 to
binary numbers. Then compare their first 30 digits with the binary
numbers of 192.168.2.81.