Williams TM-290 User manual

Operating Manual
TM-290-OM
Page 1 of 4
REV: C – 04/11
Model TM-290 Torque Multiplier
1. INTRODUCTION
This handbook covers operation and service instructions for the
model TM-290 torque multiplier.
2. IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS
2.1 Read and understand these operating instructions before using
the torque multiplier.
2.2 DO NOT USE AN IMPACT WRENCH ON THE TORQUE
MULTIPLIER. DAMAGE TO TOOL COULD OCCUR.
2.3 DO NOT EXCEED RATED INPUT CAPACITY (250 Lbf-Ft or
333 N·m)
2.4 hen positioning the torque multiplier, be sure socket attached to
the output is positioned so that the reaction tube is at a right
angle to the fastener. Torque reaction creates a rotational force
in the opposite direction from which input force is applied. See
Application Tips for additional torque multiplier reaction
information.
2.5 Keep couple between the torque multiplier output and the
fastener that torque is being applied to as short as possible,
and the couple between torque multiplier and anchor tube as
long as possible. This will maximize torque multiplier life.
2.6 Remember: Breakout torque can be much greater than the
make up torque value. Be sure that the multiplier being used
has sufficient capacity for torque breakout. Allow a minimum of
50% additional capacity in the tool for breakaway torque.
Damaged and corroded fasteners can require even greater
breakaway torque capacity.
2.7 When using the torque multiplier without a torque wrench to
monitor input torque, remember that the output torque is
significantly greater than the applied input torque. Do not apply
more torque than the application can withstand.
2.8 Use only Williams approved replacement parts.
3. DESCRIPTION AND DESIGN FEATURES
3.1 The model TM-290 torque multiplier uses a planetary geared
action to tighten and loosen nuts, bolts and cap screws with a
continuous 360° rotation in either clockwise or
counterclockwise direction. Input and output rotation directions
are the same (EXAMPLE: Clockwise input rotation creates
clockwise output rotation).
3.2 The reaction anchor tube is held in place by a detent pin, which
is easily removed by pushing on the end of the pin.
4. SPECIFICATIONS
Gear Stages One
Accuracy ±5% of reading from 20% to
100% of full-scale rating
Output Capacity 750 Lbf-Ft (1020 N·m)
Input Capacity 250 Lbf-Ft (333 N·m)
Gear Ratio 1: 4
Torque Ratio 1:3.0
Output Drive Male Square 3/4" (19mm)
Input Drive Female Square 1/2" (13mm)
Overall Dimensions
A 8.53" (217)
B 2.81" (71mm)
C 3.25" (83mm)
Net Weight 4 lbs (1.82 kg)
Figure 1. Torque Multiplier Parts and Dimensions
5. TORQUE CONVERSIONS
5.1 A data plate is attached to the torque multiplier which displays
the input torque required to obtain the listed output torque
values. If you wish to calculate a specific input value that isn’t
listed on the attached chart, divide the desired output torque by
the multiplier’s torque ratio (3.0) to determine the input torque
required (e.g. 750 Lbf-ft output torque ÷ 3.0 torque ratio = 250
Lbf-ft input torque).
WARNINGS
•Always maintain firm hand control of torque wrench or
input handle while using the multiplier, since recoil (wind-
up) will be experienced.
•Inspect output square drive for visible sign of fatigue or
fracture prior to EACH use. Replace if necessary.
•Failure of the output square drive, due to torque overload or
fatigue, could result in an immediate torque release,
potentially causing the torque multiplier to fall from the
fastener, and result in personal injury.
•Do not hold torque multiplier or reaction anchor tube while
applying torque since normal multiplier deflection might
cause fingers to be pinched; especially in confined
locations.
•Do not use output drive extensions. Increased deflections,
caused by the added length could force the socket off the
nut, or break the extension or socket.
•Since reaction torque equals OUTPUT torque, be sure to
select an anchor point sufficient to withstand the torque
reaction forces created.

Operating Manual
TM-290-OM
Page 2 of 4
REV: C – 04/11
6. OPERATION
6.1 Read and understand safety precautions included at the
beginning of this manual. (See Warnings)
6.2 Connect the reaction anchor tube to the torque multiplier using
the reaction anchor detent pin.
6.3 Mount a 3/4" (19mm) square female drive socket onto the
torque multiplier’s output square drive (See Figure 1). Then,
position socket and torque multiplier on the fastener to be
tightened.
6.4 Butt the reaction anchor tube securely against a suitable object.
Remember: When socket is properly positioned on fastener,
reaction anchor tube must be at a right angle to the fastener to
which torque is being applied. See Application Tips for
additional torque reaction information.
6.5 Mount a 1/2" (13mm) ratchet adapter and torque wrench into
the input of the torque multiplier.
6.6 Before applying torque, determine the input torque required to
obtain the desired output by refering to the torque data plate
attached to the torque multiplier’s reaction anchor tube. Output
torque accuracy requires the use of an accurate torque wrench
in series with the torque multiplier.
6.7 To tighten: Apply the proper torque with torque wrench
(clockwise for right-hand threads, counter-clockwise for left-
hand threads) until desired input torque is achieved. Slowly and
carefully relax input torque and remove multiplier from
application.
6.8 To loosen: Replace the torque wrench with a work handle.
Apply torque in the opposite direction until fastener is loose.
7. LUBRICATION AND MAINTENANCE
7.1 To disassemble Torque Multiplier for maintenance, remove the
948182 Retaining Ring and the (2) 925939 Circular Shims from
the input side of the Torque Multipler’s housing. The Gear
Cage Assembly will now slide out of the 291-4 Ring Gear.
7.2 To remove 291-2 Input Pinion from 291-1 Gear Cage
Assembly, grab edge of 291-2 Input Pinion with a pair of pliers
and slowly twist and pull the Input Pinion from the Gear Cage
Assembly. An arbor press is require to remove Dowel Pins
which hold 290-5 Planet Gears in the Gear Cage Assembly.
7.3 Before reassembling Torque Multiplier, relubricate all friction
points using a high grade molybdimum - disulfide grease.
Figure 2. Parts List
This tool conforms with the
requirements for CE Marking.

Operating Manual
TM-290-OM
Page 3 of 4
REV: C – 04/11
TORQUE MULTIPLIER APPLICATION TIPS
1. INTRODUCTION
This handbook covers general torque multiplier usage.
Some of the illustrations and information may not apply to
your specific torque multiplier or application.
2. TORQUE MULTIPLIER REACTION
2.1 There are many different ways of absorbing torque
multiplier reaction forces. Although the methods are
as varied as the applications, there are common
practices that should be taken into consideration.
2.2 The first item to consider is the size and type of
torque tool required for the application. Survey space
limitations as well as the maximum torque needed.
Be sure to allow a minimum of 50% additional
capacity in the tool for breakaway torque. Damaged
and corroded fasteners can require even greater
breakaway torque capacity. Allow a minimum of
100% over the make-up torque for these conditions.
Example: A heat exchanger with corroded studs and
a 1,500 Ft-Lbs. make-up torque. Choose a tool with a
capacity of at least 3,000 Ft-Lbs. for breakaway.
2.3 Be sure that the anchor point is solid and has
minimum deflection.
2.4 Determine where the reaction anchor forces are going
to take place (e.g. against a flange or over an
adjacent bolt). Make sure that this point can
withstand the torque tool’s reaction forces. For
example consider a 3,200 Ft-Lb. torque multiplier,
with reaction near the end of its anchor stub (figure 1).
This will produce a reaction force of about 6,400
pounds. By moving the reaction to the end of the
anchor tube, the force is reduced to about 2,400
pounds. Keeping the reaction point tangent to the
rotation of the torque output is necessary to prevent
the resultant forces from increasing even more
(figures 2 and 3).
2.5 Keep output torque rotation as pure as possible by
reducing bending moments. Bending moments
decrease torque efficiency, reduce the torque applied
to the application and are hard on the tool and
sockets. This can be done by taking torque reaction
as far out on the reaction anchor as possible. Also
keep the distance between the tool’s output and the
fastener as short as possible (figure 2).
2.6 Keeping these factors in mind when devising a torque
reaction system will help increase tool life and create
a much safer working environment.
3. POWERED APPLICATION
3.1 When using air, electric or hydraulic tools to power
torque multipliers, many variables must be considered
before accurate results can be expected.
CAUTION: Impact type air tools should never be used
with torque multipliers. Torque multiplier
damage could occur.
3.2 Air tools operate best when clean, dry, well-lubricated
air is used. The use of an air filter, lubricator and
regulator are a must for reliable operation. It is also
important to maintain enough airflow from the
compressor’s receiver. If the airflow (CFM) rating
drops below that expected by the air tool, lower than
anticipated torque output may result.
Figure 3
Keep reaction anchor perpendicular to the
reaction point.
Figure 1
Reaction forces increase the closer the
reaction point is to the multiplier.
2,400 pound reaction
6,360 pound reaction
Reaction at end of standard reaction tube
Reaction on multiplier’s reaction anchor stub
Figure 2
Minimize bending moments created by the
torque multiplier’s reaction.
Keep this distance as short as
possible to reduce the bending
moment, caused by the torque
reaction.
Keep torque
reaction at right
angle to tool.

Operating Manual
TM-290-OM
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REV: C – 04/11
3.3 The simplest way to control the torque output is by
regulation of the air pressure supplied to the air
motor. The more accurate the air pressure control,
the more reliable the torque control.
3.4 Attach an air pressure regulator as close to the air
tool as possible. This will reduce pressure variations
due to changes in air hose length & diameter or
changes in quick disconnects and pipe fittings.
3.5 Dirty or corroded fastener threads can cause large
fluctuations in the applied torque. It is recommended
that a high quality lubricant be applied to the fastener
threads as well as all other surfaces that rub. This will
reduce losses in torque efficiency.
3.6 Changes in momentum of the air tool are the greatest
cause of output torque variations. The higher the tool
speed the greater the effects of momentum.
3.7 A soft stack-up has a large amount of application run-
down time due to long studs, flat/lock washers,
gaskets, etc. This will cause the air tool to run a
longer time before reaching the desired torque. This
decreases air motor momentum and decreased the
applied torque. Conversely, a hard stack-up has a
short run-down time due to short studs, very rigid
application, etc. This will reach the desired torque
very quickly, applying a greater torque to the fastener.
3.8 Angle nutsetters and inline air tools each have distinct
advantages and disadvantages.
3.9 An inline air tool has the advantage of being fastened
to the torque multiplier rigidly by bolting. This allows
the operator to handle a single piece of equipment
and the input torque reaction is absorbed by the
bolted connection. The chief disadvantage is the
tools height.
3.10 An angle nutsetter has the advantage of a lower tool
profile but requires the tool operator to react the angle
nutsetter’s torque output. This reaction torque can be
quite large (up to 200 Lb-Ft of torque) The reaction
torque and the size of the air tool required can be
reduced to under 40 Lbf-Ft by the use of an optional
accessory gear box attached to the input of the
torque multiplier. Although this does increase the tool
height slightly, it is still lower in height than an inline
tool.
3.11 If the angle nutsetter and torque multiplier are sized
for the make-up torque required, a medium output (85
- 110 Ft-Lb.) angle nutsetter can be used. This
combination will maximize the air tool speed while
reserving some torque multiplier capacity for higher
breakout torques. If necessary the fasteners can be
broken loose manually, then run off can be completed
using the air tool.
4. ANGLE OF TURN PROTRACTOR
4.1 Some torque multipliers include an Angle of Turn
Protractor, which allows the operator to accurately
measure a specific number of degrees of rotation of
the fastener.
The torque / angle of turn method of tightening fasteners
require a pre-torque value, and a specific additional rotation
of the fastener, that is engineered into the application. This
data will be supplied by the original equipment
manufacturer’s engineering department if angle of turn
torquing is applicable.
J.H. Williams Tool Group
2801 80th Street
Kenosha, WI 53143
Toll Free USA: 800-446-7404
Canada: 800-296-4787
Fax: [phone]
Figure 4
Torque multipliers with air motors attached for
powered application.