Wurth Elektronik THYONE-I User manual

USER MANUAL
THYONE-I
2611011021000
VERSION 2.3
JULY 1, 2022

***************
MUST READ
Check for firmware updates
Before using the product make sure you use the most recent firmware version, data sheet
and user manual. This is especially important for Wireless Connectivity products that were
not purchased directly from Würth Elektronik eiSos. A firmware update on these respective
products may be required.
We strongly recommend to include in the customer system design, the possibility for a firmware
update of the product.

WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY & SENSORS
User manual Thyone-I
Revision history
Manual
version
FW
version
HW
version Notes Date
1.0 1.0 1.2 • Initial release February
2020
1.1 1.0 1.2 • corrected capacitor number. C28
changed to C26 in section Trace
design
July 2020
1.2 1.0 1.2
• Updated section Trace design .
• Included figure On-board PCB antenna
and External antenna connection .
August 2020
1.3 1.2 1.2
• Updated known issues in chapter
Firmware history
• Updated chapter Firmware update
• Improved chapters The command
interface and UserSettings -
Module configuration values
September
2020
1.4 1.3 1.2
• Updated firmware version in
chapter Firmware history
• Improved chapter Quick start
September
2020
1.5 1.4 1.2
• Updated firmware version in
chapter Firmware history
• Improved chapter Firmware update
October
2020
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1.6 1.4 1.2
• Updated Declaration of EU conformity
to latest Version of EN 300 328 after
successfully passing corresponding
delta test in chapter Regulatory
compliance information .
• Added package name in chapter
Footprint WE-FP-4+ .
October
2020
1.7 1.4 1.2 • Corrected typo for units in tables 22 and
23.
November
2020
1.8 1.4 1.2 • Updated Declaration of EU conformity
in chapter Regulatory compliance
information .
December
2020
1.9 1.4 1.2 • Updated
Firmware history with a
Known issues section.
February
2021
2.0 1.4 1.2 • Schematic is updated in chapter
18.1 .February
2021
2.1 1.5 1.2 • Description of the features of the new
firmware version. See chapter Firmware
history .
May 2021
2.2 1.5 1.2
• Corrected CMD_GETSTATE_CNF and
CMD_START_IND message.
• Corrected description of CCA level
BusyThresholddB in chapter Clear
Channel Assessment .
December
2021
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2.3 1.6 1.2
• Added information concerning new
firmware version 1.6.0, see chapter 16 .
• Added reference to helpful application
notes.
• Applied new document style
July 2022
?For firmware history see chapter Firmware history
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Abbreviations
Abbreviation Name Description
CCA Clear channel
assessment
CS Checksum Byte wise XOR combination of the preceding fields.
CSMA-CA
Carrier sense
multiple access -
collision
avoidance
ETX End-of-Text Characters that signal end of a sequence
FEC Forward error
correction
Technique to correct received erroneous radio
messages
GFSK
Gausian
frequency shift
keying
Modulation scheme.
I/O Input/output Pinout description.
LPM Low power mode Mode for efficient power consumption.
LRM Long range mode Radio mode with higher range and lower throughput.
Payload The intended message in a frame / package.
PRBS Pseudorandom
binary sequence
Binary sequence generated by a deterministic
random generator
RF Radio frequency Describes wireless transmission.
RSSI Receive Signal
Strength Indicator
The RSSI indicates the strength of the RF signal. Its
value is always printed in two’s complement notation.
User settings
Settings to configure the module. Any relation to a
specific entry in the user settings is marked in a
special font and can be found in chapter 9 .
UART
Universal
Asynchronous
Receiver
Transmitter
Allows the serial communication with the module.
[HEX] 0xhh Hexadecimal
All numbers beginning with 0x are hexadecimal
numbers. All other numbers are decimal, unless
stated otherwise.
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Contents
Overview of helpful application notes 12
1. Introduction 13
1.1. Keyfeatures...................................... 13
1.2. Blockdiagram..................................... 15
1.3. Orderinginformation................................. 15
2. Electrical specifications 16
2.1. Recommended operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2. Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.3. Powerconsumption.................................. 18
2.4. Radiocharacteristics................................. 19
2.5. Pin characteristics for digital IO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3. Pinout 21
4. Quick start 24
4.1. Minimal pin connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.2. Recommended pin connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4.3. Antennaconnection ................................. 26
4.3.1. On-board PCB antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.3.2. Externalantenna .............................. 26
4.4. Powerup ....................................... 27
4.5. Quickstartexample ................................. 27
4.5.1. Prerequisites ................................ 27
4.5.2. Hardware configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4.5.3. Set-updescription.............................. 27
4.5.4. Start-up ................................... 27
4.5.5. Transmit and receive data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5. Functional description 32
5.1. Radio ......................................... 32
5.1.1. Radioprofiles ................................ 32
5.1.2. Clear channel assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5.1.3. RFchannel ................................. 33
5.1.4. RFtransmitpower.............................. 33
5.2. Lowpowermode................................... 34
5.3. Networkaddressing ................................. 34
5.4. Acknowledgement and retries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5.5. Repeatermode.................................... 34
5.6. Packetsniffermode ................................. 35
5.7. Encryption/decryption ................................ 35
5.8. Local/remote digital I/O control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.9. Securefirmwareupdate ............................... 36
5.10. Transparentmode .................................. 36
5.11. Radiotestmode ................................... 36
5.12. Modesofoperation.................................. 36
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6. Host connection 39
6.1. Serialinterface:UART................................ 39
6.1.1. Timing and Reset behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7. The command interface 41
7.1. Commandcategories ................................ 41
7.2. Commandstructure ................................. 41
7.3. Userdatacommands................................. 42
7.3.1. CMD_BROADCAST_DATA_REQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
7.3.2. CMD_MULTICAST_DATA_REQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
7.3.3. CMD_UNICAST_DATA_REQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
7.3.4. CMD_MULTICAST_DATA_EX_REQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
7.3.5. CMD_UNICAST_DATA_EX_REQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
7.3.6. CMD_DATA_CNF.............................. 44
7.3.7. CMD_TXCOMPLETE_RSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
7.3.8. CMD_DATA_IND .............................. 44
7.3.9. CMD_SNIFFER_IND............................ 45
7.4. Configuringthemodule ............................... 46
7.4.1. CMD_SET_REQ .............................. 46
7.4.1.1. Example1................................ 47
7.4.2. CMD_GET_REQ .............................. 47
7.4.2.1. Example1................................ 47
7.5. Managethedevicestate............................... 49
7.5.1. CMD_START_IND ............................. 49
7.5.2. CMD_GETSTATE_REQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
7.5.3. CMD_RESET_REQ............................. 50
7.5.4. CMD_SLEEP_REQ............................. 50
7.5.5. CMD_FACTORY_RESET_REQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
7.5.6. CMD_BOOTLOADER_REQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
7.5.7. CMD_TRANSPARENT_MODE_REQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
7.5.8. CMD_SETCHANNEL_REQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
7.6. DigitalI/Ocontrol................................... 53
7.6.1. CMD_GPIO_LOCAL_SET_CONFIG_REQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
7.6.1.1. Example: Configure two GPIOs to output high . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
7.6.2. CMD_GPIO_LOCAL_GET_CONFIG_REQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
7.6.2.1. Example: Read the current GPIO configuration . . . . . . . . . . . 56
7.6.3. CMD_GPIO_REMOTE_SET_CONFIG_REQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
7.6.3.1. Example: Configure two GPIOs of the remote device to output HIGH 59
7.6.4. CMD_GPIO_REMOTE_GET_CONFIG_REQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
7.6.4.1. Example: Read the current GPIO configuration of the remote device 61
7.6.5. CMD_GPIO_LOCAL_WRITE_REQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
7.6.5.1. Example: Set a local output GPIO to LOW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
7.6.6. CMD_GPIO_LOCAL_READ_REQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
7.6.6.1. Example: Read the values of local GPIOs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
7.6.7. CMD_GPIO_REMOTE_WRITE_REQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
7.6.7.1. Example: Set a remote output GPIO to LOW . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
7.6.8. CMD_GPIO_REMOTE_READ_REQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
7.6.8.1. Example: Read the values of remote GPIOs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
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7.6.9. CMD_GPIO_REMOTE_SET_CONFIG_IND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
7.6.9.1. Example: Two GPIOs have been configured by the remote device
0x6C000001 to output HIGH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
7.6.10. CMD_GPIO_REMOTE_WRITE_IND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
7.6.10.1. Example: GPIOs have been written via remote access . . . . . . . 71
7.7. Othermessages ................................... 72
7.7.1. CMD_ERROR_IND............................. 72
7.8. Run the radio test modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
7.8.1. CMD_DTM_START_REQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
7.8.2. CMD_DTM_REQ .............................. 73
7.8.2.1. Example: Transmission, 16 times 0x0F, channel 0 . . . . . . . . . 75
7.8.2.2. Example: Receiver, channel 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
7.8.2.3. Example: Transmission, carrier test, channel 0 . . . . . . . . . . . 76
7.8.2.4. Example: Set TX power to -4 dBm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
7.8.2.5. Example: Set PHY to 2 Mbit/s mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
7.9. MessagesOverview ................................. 78
8. The transparent interface 81
8.1. Entering the transparent mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
8.2. Leaving the transparent mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
8.2.1. Transparent mode escape sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
8.3. Transparent mode configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
8.4. Restrictions in transparent mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
9. UserSettings - Module configuration values 84
9.1. SERIAL_NUMBER: Read the serial number of the module . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
9.1.1. Example1.................................. 84
9.2. FW_Version: Read the firmware version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
9.2.1. Example1.................................. 85
9.3. UART_CONFIG: Modify the UART speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
9.3.1. Example1.................................. 88
9.3.2. Example2.................................. 88
9.4. UART_MODE: Mode of UART operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
9.4.1. Example1.................................. 89
9.4.2. Example2.................................. 89
9.5. UART_TRANSPARENT_TIMEOUT: Mode of UART operation . . . . . . . . . . 90
9.5.1. Example1.................................. 90
9.5.2. Example2.................................. 90
9.6. RF_CHANNEL: Channel (Frequency) of operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
9.6.1. Example1.................................. 91
9.6.2. Example2.................................. 92
9.7. ENCRYPTION_MODE: Set encryption mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
9.7.1. Example1.................................. 93
9.7.2. Example2.................................. 93
9.8. RF_PROFILE: Modify the radio profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
9.8.1. Example1.................................. 94
9.8.2. Example2.................................. 94
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9.9. RF_NUM_RETRIES: Number of retries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
9.9.1. Example1.................................. 95
9.9.2. Example2.................................. 95
9.10. RF_TX_POWER: Modify the output power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
9.10.1.Example1.................................. 96
9.10.2.Example2.................................. 96
9.11. RF_REPEATER_THRESHOLD: Modify the repeater threshold . . . . . . . . . 97
9.11.1.Example1.................................. 97
9.11.2.Example2.................................. 97
9.12. RF_RP_NUM_SLOTS: Number of retries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
9.12.1.Example1.................................. 99
9.12.2.Example2.................................. 99
9.13. MAC_SOURCE_ADDRESS: Modify the source address of the module . . . . . 100
9.13.1.Example1..................................100
9.13.2.Example2..................................100
9.14. MAC_DEST_ADDRESS: Modify the default destination address . . . . . . . . . 101
9.14.1.Example1..................................101
9.14.2.Example2..................................101
9.15. MAC_GROUP_ID: Modify the default group ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
9.15.1.Example1..................................102
9.15.2.Example2..................................102
9.16. MAC_TRANSPARENT_ADDR_MODE: Modify the addressing mode used in
transparentmode...................................103
9.16.1.Example1..................................103
9.16.2.Example2..................................103
9.17. MAC_ENCRYPTION_KEY: Set the key used for encryption/decryption . . . . . 104
9.17.1.Example1..................................104
9.18. MAC_TTL:Timetolive................................105
9.18.1.Example1..................................105
9.18.2.Example2..................................105
9.19. CCA_MODE: Clear channel assessment mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
9.19.1.Example1..................................106
9.19.2.Example2..................................106
9.20. CCA_THRESHOLD: Threshold for clear channel assessment . . . . . . . . . . 107
9.20.1.Example1..................................107
9.20.2.Example2..................................107
9.21. GPIO_BLOCK_REMOTE_GPIO_CONFIG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
9.21.1.Example1..................................108
9.21.2.Example2..................................108
9.22. UART_TRANSP_ETX_CONFIG: Trigger radio transmit on ETX characters . . . 109
9.22.1.Example1..................................109
9.22.2.Example2..................................109
9.23. UART_TRANSP_ETX: ETX characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
9.23.1.Example1..................................110
9.23.2.Example2..................................110
9.24. UART_TRANSP_ESC_ENABLE: Enable switch to command mode on escape
sequence .......................................111
9.24.1.Example1..................................111
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9.24.2.Example2..................................111
9.25. UART_TRANSP_ESC: Escape sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
9.25.1.Example1..................................112
9.25.2.Example2..................................112
9.26. MODULE_MODE: Mode of radio operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
9.26.1.Example1..................................113
9.26.2.Example2..................................113
10.Remote GPIO control 116
10.1. PWM..........................................121
10.2. Supported GPIOs for remote and local control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
11.Clear Channel Assessment 123
12.Flooding mesh: Using the repeater functionality 124
12.1. Setup of the network and repeater device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
12.2. Examplenetwork...................................126
12.2.1. Application in parallel networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
13.Timing parameters 128
13.1. Power-upandwake-up................................128
13.2. Data transmission and throughput measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
13.2.1.Commandmode ..............................130
13.2.2.Transparentmode..............................131
14.Custom firmware 133
14.1. Custom configuration of standard firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
14.2. Customer specific firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
14.3. Customerfirmware..................................133
14.4. Contact for firmware requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
15.Firmware update 135
15.1. Firmware update using the Thyone-I UART bootloader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
15.1.1. The UART bootloader mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
15.1.2. Update using Thyone-I updater tool for Windows PC . . . . . . . . . . 136
15.1.3. Update using Nordic nrfutil tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
15.1.4.Updateviahost ...............................140
15.2. SWDinterface ....................................140
16.Firmware history 141
16.1. Releasenotes ....................................141
16.2. Knownissues.....................................143
17.Design in guide 144
17.1. Advice for schematic and layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
17.2. Dimensioning of the micro strip antenna line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
17.3. Antennasolutions ..................................147
17.3.1.Wireantenna ................................148
17.3.2.Chipantenna ................................148
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17.3.3.PCBantenna ................................148
17.3.4. Antennas provided by Würth Elektronik eiSos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
17.3.4.1. 2600130021 - Himalia - 2.4 GHz dipole antenna . . . . . . . . . . 149
18.Reference design 150
18.1. EV-Board .......................................151
18.2. Tracedesign .....................................154
19.Manufacturing information 157
19.1. Moisture sensitivity level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
19.2. Soldering .......................................157
19.2.1.Reflowsoldering ..............................157
19.2.2.Cleaning...................................159
19.2.3. Potting and coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
19.2.4.Othernotations ...............................160
19.3. ESDhandling.....................................160
19.4. Safety recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
20.Physical specifications 162
20.1. Dimensions......................................162
20.2. Weight.........................................162
20.3. Moduledrawing....................................163
20.4. FootprintWE-FP-4+ .................................164
20.5. Antennafreearea ..................................164
21.Marking 165
21.1. Lotnumber ......................................165
21.2. General labeling information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
22.Information for explosion protection 167
23.References 168
24.Regulatory compliance information 169
24.1. ImportantnoticeEU .................................169
24.2. ImportantnoticeFCC ................................169
24.3. Conformity assessment of the final product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
24.4. Exemptionclause...................................169
24.5. EU Declaration of conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
24.6. FCC Compliance Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
24.7. IC Compliance Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
24.8. FCC and IC requirements to OEM integrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
24.8.1. Pre-certified antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
24.9. TELEC radio law approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
24.9.1.Label.....................................174
24.9.2. Certified antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
25.Important notes 175
25.1. General customer responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
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25.2. Customer responsibility related to specific, in particular safety-relevant appli-
cations.........................................175
25.3. Best care and attention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
25.4. Customer support for product specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
25.5. Productimprovements................................176
25.6. Productlifecycle ...................................176
25.7. Propertyrights ....................................176
25.8. General terms and conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
26.Legal notice 177
26.1. Exclusionofliability..................................177
26.2. Suitability in customer applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
26.3. Trademarks ......................................177
26.4. Usagerestriction ...................................177
27.License terms 179
27.1. Limitedlicense ....................................179
27.2. Usageandobligations ................................179
27.3. Ownership.......................................180
27.4. Firmwareupdate(s)..................................180
27.5. Disclaimer of warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
27.6. Limitationofliability..................................181
27.7. Applicable law and jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
27.8. Severabilityclause ..................................181
27.9. Miscellaneous.....................................181
A. Additional CRC8 Information 184
A.1. Example CRC8 Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
A.2. CRC8TestVectors..................................184
B. Example codes for host integration 185
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Overview of helpful application notes
Application note ANR008 - Wireless Connectivity Software Development Kit
http://www.we-online.com/ANR008
To ease the integration of the Würth Elektronik eiSos radio modules into an application, Würth
Elektronik eiSos offers the corresponding Software Development Kit (SDK) for most commonly
used host processors. This SDK contains drivers and examples in C-code to communicate
with the corresponding radio module. This application note shows which SDKs are available
and describes how to download and use them.
Application note ANR010 - Range estimation
http://www.we-online.com/ANR010
This application note presents the two most used mathematical range estimation models, Friis
and two ray ground reflection, and its implementation in the range estimation tool of the RED-
EXPERT.
Application note ANR030 - nRF Connect
http://www.we-online.com/ANR030
This application note gives a short overview about the options to create a custom firmware
for Würth Elektronik eiSos radio modules by using the hardware platform and the embedded
nRF5x system on chip. It presents options on firmware development environments and acces-
sories (like SDKs) for the use within the nRF5 ecosystem. The reader is informed on how to
access to a multitude of radio standards (like Bluetooth®LE, Bluetooth®MESH, Bluetooth®LE
Audio, Matter, Zigbee, Thread, Wirepas) for custom firmware developments whilst the hardware
platform can stay the same.
Application note ANR031 - Certification of custom modules
http://www.we-online.com/ANR031
This application note explains how certifications of a standard product can be used to gain
the certification of a customized product. This is done for firmware, that has been adapted by
Würth Elektronik eiSos, as well as for firmware written by customer.
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User manual Thyone-I
1. Introduction
The Thyone-I module is a radio sub-module for wireless communication between devices such
as control systems, remote controls, sensor nodes etc. Operating in the globally available 2.4
GHz license free band, Thyone-I offers a robust and secure data transmission in point-to-point
as well as mesh configurations.
The Thyone-I is pre-loaded with the WE-ProWare radio stack which ensure high flexibility with-
out compromising the reliability. Interfacing with the host system via serial UART, the module
allows easy configuration and control of the radio using a simple command interface. To ensure
ease-of-use for cable replacement applications, the module also offers a transparent mode to
function as a serial-to-radio adapter. Small dimensions comparable a nano-sim card (8 x 12
mm) including an on-board PCB antenna makes Thyone-I ideal for small form factor design.
Figure 1: Thyone-I
1.1. Key features
The Thyone-I offers a wide range configurable features to suit even the most sophisticated
application design. From low power long range to line-powered high throughput, the Thyone-I
can be configured to cover a wide range of applications.
Extremely small dimensions: Owing to its small size (8 x 12 mm) the module can be easily
designed-in to compact end devices.
Energy efficient: The Thyone-I has extremely low current consumption especially in sleep
mode (< 0.4 µA) making it suitable for battery driven applications. More information can
be found in section 2.3 .
Globally available 2.4 GHz band: The Thyone-I operates in the 2.4 GHz license free band
that allows global deployment of the end-device.
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Smart antenna selection: The Thyone-I offers a choice of using the on-board PCB antenna
for compact designs or connecting an external antenna for application that require long
range.
Long range mode: A radio profile with channel coding allows a long range radio link with a
data rate of 125 kbit/s.
High throughput mode: The Thyone-I offers a radio profile with 2 Mbit/s data transmission
over the air leading to an effective end-to-end throughput of around 400 kbit/s.
Fast serial interface: The Thyone-I offers a UART-interface to communicate with a host using
a user-defined baud rate of up to 1 Mbit/s.
Embedded security on-module: The secure bootloader on the module verifies the image
signature on boot-up offering tamper protection. The module also supports hardware
accelerated end-to-end encryption.
Additional Local/Remote GPIOs: The Thyone-I firmware allows configuration and control of
free digital I/O pins on the module via serial or radio interface. More information can be
found in chapter 10 .
Transparent mode: A transparent mode is available out-of-the-box enabling easy serial cable
replacement. More information can be found in chapter 8 .
Network addressing: The Thyone-I implements network addressing to enable unicast, multi-
cast as well as broadcast data transmission. Additionally, packet ACK is available with
automatic retry mechanism to ensure reliable data transmission.
Mesh network: The Thyone-I offers repeater functionality to enable the creation of a simple
flooding mesh network. The repeater mode can also be used for range extension.
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1.2. Block diagram
Thyone-I
Shielding
Wireless MCU
High accuracy
crystal
RF Filter & 50Ω
matching
UART,
Reset, GPIO,
SWD
Power
supply
DCDC voltage
regulator
ARM Cortex M4,
Flash, RAM
2.4GHz
Radio core
50Ω port to λ/4
antenna
external wiring
according to trace
design
Antenna
Figure 2: Block diagram of the module
1.3. Ordering information
WE order code Description
2611011021000 Thyone-I Module, Tape & Reel
2611019021001 Evaluation Kit for Thyone-I with 2 Thyone-I evaluation
boards and accessories
2611036021001 USB Dongle Thyone-I USB radio stick, integrated
antenna
Table 3: Ordering information
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2. Electrical specifications
Unless otherwise stated, the values specified are measured on the evaluation board, Thyone-
I-EV with T=25°C, VDD=3V, f=2.44GHz, internal DC-DC converter in use.
2.1. Recommended operating conditions
Description Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Ambient temperature -40 25 85 °C
Supply voltage (VDD) 1.813 3.6 V
Supply rise time (0V to ≥1.8V) 60 ms
Table 4: Recommended operating conditions
The on-chip power-on reset circuitry may not function properly for rise times
longer than the specified maximum.
A step in supply voltage of 300 mV or more, with rise time of 300 ms or less,
within the valid supply range, may result in a system reset.
An unstable supply voltage may significantly decrease the radio performance
and stability.
Flash erase/write is prohibited if the supply voltage is below 2.7 V and hence
configuration of the module cannot be changed. This is done in order to prevent
flash corruption when performing a write operation.
1Power fail comparator is set to 1.8V to avoid flash fail due to voltage drop.
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2.2. Absolute maximum ratings
Description Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Supply voltage (VDD) -0.3 +3.9 V
Voltage on any digital pin, VDD<3.6V -0.3 VDD+0.3 V
Voltage on any digital pin, VDD≥3.6V -0.3 3.9 V
Input RF level 10 dBm
Flash endurance 10000 Write/erase cycles
Table 5: Absolute maximum ratings
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2.3. Power consumption
The specified values combine the consumption of the Cortex M4 (4.1 mA @ 64 MHz) appli-
cation processor as well as the radio IC. The measurement was done on the evaluation board
using the external antenna type "Himalia".
Continuous test mode Min. Typ. Max. Unit
TX current consumption at RF_TX_POWER = 8 18.9 mA
TX current consumption at RF_TX_POWER = 0 8 mA
RX current consumption 7.7 mA
Sleep (system off mode) 0.4 µA
Table 6: Power consumption for 100% transmission/reception
Figure 3: Radio transmitting @ 8 dBm output power, 1 Mbps radio profile, Clock = HFXO (typi-
cal)
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