YOKOGAWA Sushi Sensor User manual

Technical
Information
Sushi Sensor System
LoRaWAN Installation Guide
TI 01W06A51-10EN
TI01W06A51-10EN
©Copyright Mar. 2019
1st Edition Mar. 2019
Yokogawa Electric Corporation
2-9-32, Nakacho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8750 Japan
Tel.: [phone] Fax.: [phone]
Contents
Introduction .............................................................................................................1
1. About LoRaWAN...........................................................................................2
2. Installation Guide .........................................................................................3
2.1 Gateway Installation Guide................................................................................. 3
2.2 Sushi Sensor Installation Guide......................................................................... 4
2.3 InuenceonExistingDevices ............................................................................ 5
3. MaximumCommunicationDistance..........................................................6
4. EvaluationofCommunicationStability .....................................................8
5. Glossary ........................................................................................................9
RevisionInformation ............................................................................................11

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Introduction
This document provides guidance on how to install devices so that the Sushi Sensor system
using LoRaWAN operates in a stable manner. For details on how to install devices, e.g., how to
secure a sensor and a gateway, refer to the relevant manuals.
The Sushi Sensor can be installed in various site environments. In most cases, by installing
devices as described in this guide, you will be able to use sensors without the need to carry out
any prior investigations.
 Trademarks
• SushiSensorisaregisteredtrademarkortrademarksofYokogawaElectricCorporation.
• Thename,LoRa,andrelatedlogoareregisteredtrademarksortrademarksofSemtech
Corporation and/or its subsidiaries.
• AllCompanynamesandbrandnamesusedinthismanualareregisteredtrademarksor
trademarks of respective companies.
• Wedonotuse™or®mark to indicate those trademarks or registered trademarks in this
manual.
All Rights Reserved, Copyright © 2019, Yokogawa Electric Corporation

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1. About LoRaWAN
The Sushi Sensor adopts the LoRaWAN communication system that has high-level receiving
sensitivity and resistance to radio-frequency interference, and that offers a communication
distance of 10 km or more in an ideal communication environment.
TheLoRaWANcommunicationsystemisspecicallydesignedforIoT(InternetofThings)
applications and provides power-saving and long-distance communication features standardized
by LoRa Alliance. Low power consumption contributes to a battery service life of several years,
and the long-distance communication feature expands the area that can be covered by a single
gateway and enables communications regardless of the location of the Sushi Sensor, thereby
simplifying installation and maintenance procedures.
The Sushi Sensor creates a simple star-type network in which sensors directly connect to the
gateway. The Sushi Sensor sends sensed data to the gateway. When receiving data from the
SushiSensor,thegatewaytransfersittothepre-speciedapplication.
LoRaWAN does not support the data relay function. If there are any Sushi Sensors that cannot
directly connect to the gateway, you will need to add a gateway in the vicinity of the sensors.
LoRaWAN uses Sub-GHz radio frequency bands. The communication data rate is variable and
automatically optimized depending on communication conditions. LoRaWAN communications
are protected by AES128 encryption in both the network and application.
LoRaWAN provides three communication classes. To establish communications, the Sushi
Sensor uses the simplest and power-saving communication class that is referred to as “class A”.
Application
LoRaWAN gateway

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2. Installation Guide
2.1 Gateway Installation Guide
This section describes how to install a gateway.
LoRaWAN only supports star-type networks. In general, the installation location of the Sushi
Sensor is determined by the location of the measuring target. For this reason, the manner
of installing the Sushi Sensor is restricted. Therefore, in order to achieve stable LoRaWAN
communication, it is essential that the gateway is appropriately installed.
1. Install the gateway in a location that is as high as possible.
2. Install the antenna perpendicular to the ground.
3. Install the LoRaWAN antenna above the gateway installation pole.
4. Install the gateway in a location where there are as few obstacles as possible.
5. Install the gateway in a location where there are no other wireless system devices that
use the same frequency band in its vicinity.
1. Install the gateway in a location that is as high as possible.
Install the gateway in an elevated location such as a building rooftop from which the Sushi
Sensor installation area can be seen. The higher the location the gateway is installed in, the
less wireless communications will be interfered with by structures in surrounding areas. This
will lead to improved reception. When you want to achieve a communication distance of one
kilometer, you should install the gateway 20 meters or more above the ground. However,
when the gateway is installed in an elevated location, lightning-related risks will increase.
To avoid such risks, install the gateway within the protective range of a lightning rod. In
addition, ground the gateway in accordance with its instruction manual.
2. Install the antenna perpendicular to the ground.
The antenna of a general LoRaWAN gateway used in the Sushi Sensor system is designed
so that the quality of wireless communications reaches the utmost level when the antenna is
installed perpendicular to the ground.
3. Install the LoRaWAN antenna above the gateway installation pole.
 MetallicstructuresclosetotheantennamayhavesignicanteffectsonLoRaWAN
communication. When installing the gateway on a metallic pole, set up the pole at a lower
position than the LoRaWAN antenna of the gateway.
4. Install the gateway in a location where there are as few obstacles as possible.
If there are any structures near the gateway, wireless signal waves sent from the gateway
mayreectoffthestructuresandmayinterferewithadifferentstreamofthesentwaves.
To avoid this problem, install the gateway in a location where there are no structures in a
horizontal orientation within its vicinity. Note that even an obstacle opposite the sensor may
cause interference.
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5. Install the gateway in a location where there are no other wireless system devices that use
the same frequency band in its vicinity.
If the antenna of another wireless system is near the gateway, LoRaWAN communication
characteristics may be negatively impacted. LoRaWAN uses the 800 MHz frequency band.
Tominimizetheinuence,installthegatewayasfarawayaspossiblefromanywireless
systems and mobile phone base stations that use the same frequency band.
2.2 Sushi Sensor Installation Guide
This section describes how to install the Sushi Sensor.
As with the case of the gateway, wireless communications can be available at satisfactory
quality levels by installing the Sushi Sensor in a location where there are no structures or other
obstacles around. However, unlike the gateway, the installation location of the Sushi Sensor
is often restricted. The installation location of the Sushi Sensor depends on the location of the
measuringtarget;therefore,insomecases,itisdifculttoraisecommunicationqualitybymaking
any improvements to the installation of the Sushi Sensor.
WhenthereareexibleoptionsastohowtoinstalltheSushiSensor,improvementinthe
communication distance and/or quality can be expected by considering the following points.
1. Installing Sushi Sensor in a location where there are no surrounding obstacles
2. Avoiding locations near the ground
3. Installing the Sushi Sensor perpendicular to the ground
1. Installing Sushi Sensor in a location where there are no surrounding obstacles
In general, the more vacant space there is around the Sushi Sensor, the more stable
communications will be.
Installed within
the protective
range of the
lightning rod.
There must be
no surrounding
obstacles.
Install the
antenna
perpendicular
to the ground
Installed to
prevent the
antenna from
being interfered
with by the
gateway
installation
pole.
Installed in an elevated location
such as a building rooftop

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2. Avoiding locations near the ground
When it comes to establishing wireless communication, the ground is an enormous
obstacle. Stable communications can be possible by installing the sensor far above the
ground.
3. Installing the Sushi Sensor perpendicular to the ground
Install the Sushi Sensor perpendicular to the ground whenever possible. The Sushi Sensor
is designed so that the quality of wireless communication reaches the utmost level when it is
installed perpendicular to the ground.
2.3 InuenceonExistingDevices
ThissectiondescribesinuencestheSushiSensorandthegateway(LoRaWANdevice)may
have on existing devices.
Asaprerequisiteforevaluationofinuences,itisassumedthatgeneralindustrialequipment
satisestheIECstandardsorequivalentrequirementsrelatedtoimmunitylevelsshownbelow.
Thetablebelowshowstheoffsetdistanceinwhichtheelectriceldintensitygeneratedfromthe
LoRaWAN device installed near an existing device falls below the required level.
Devices Standardstocomplywith Required
immunitylevel Offsetdistance
Devices for heavy
industrial environments
Measuring instruments for
industrial environments
• IEC61000-6-2
• IEC61326-1:
Industrial Electromagnetic
Environment
10V/m 8cm
Devices for residential and
commercial environments
Information technology
equipment
Measuring instruments for
general environments
• IEC61000-6-1
• CISPR24
• IEC61326-1:
Basic Electromagnetic
Environment
3V/m 26cm
Fordevicessuchasmotorsandcompressorsclassiedasdevicesforheavyindustrial
environments used in plants, providing an offset distance of eight centimeters or more between
the electronic circuit that controls the industrial device and the antenna of the LoRaWAN device
reducestheelectricaleldintensitygeneratedfromtheLoRaWANdevicebelowtherequired
immunity level. For devices for residential and commercial environments and general information
technology equipment, an offset distance of 26 centimeters or more is required to ensure
electricaleldintensitybelowtherequiredimmunitylevel.

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3. MaximumCommunicationDistance
When the gateway is installed as instructed in this guide, typical maximum communication
distances between the Sushi Sensor and the gateway are as shown below. The actual maximum
communication distance is affected not only by the visibility level but also by the environment of
the installation location.
Case Visibilitylevel Installationenvironmentexample
Typicalmaximum
communication
distance [*1]
IA sufficient level of visibility is
ensured between the gateway and
the Sushi Sensor.
Along a large river or coast
Oil drilling well, pipeline
Up to 7 km
II Outdoor locations where a sufficient
level of visibility cannot be ensured
between the gateway and the Sushi
Sensor
Various plant environments
(Tankyard,pipejungle)
1km
III Installations in environments where
the sensor is completely surrounded
bystructures(includingindoor
installations)
Installations in a complete "shield"
such as the inside of an enclosure,
indoor production facility, and the
inside of a building
Varies depending
on installation
conditions.
[*1] ThistableshowsthemaximumcommunicationdistancevalueswhenYokogawaWirelessVibrationSensor(XS770A)isusedas
a Sushi Sensor.
If long-distance communication cannot be established between the Sushi Sensor and the
gateway, no communications can be established because the Sushi Sensor is installed indoors,
or communications are consistently unstable, consider installing an additional gateway.
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Examples of case I
Riverside or seashore Oil drilling well
Pipeline Broadatarea
Examples of case II
Outdoorplantenvironment,pipejungle Tank yard
Mine, raw materials storage yard Belt conveyor
Examples of case III
Indoor production site Building
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4. EvaluationofCommunication
Stability
TheRSSI,SNR,andPERvaluesthatcanbeviewedintheApplication,onSushiSensorAPP,
or on the gateway management screen are important indexes used to evaluate communication
stability.Inafuturerevisionofthisdocument,specicthresholdsforevaluatingcommunication
status will be included as guidelines.
For details on how to evaluate communication stability before the threshold guidelines are
provided, contact our Sushi Sensor Information Service.
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5. Glossary
• RSSI(ReceivedSignalStrengthIndicator)
Indicates the strength of wireless signals received by a wireless communication device in dBm
units.TheRSSIisanimportantvaluerequiredtoconrmcommunicationquality.Ingeneral,
the stronger the signal is, the more stable communications will be. On the other hand, if
high-levelnoisesexistinthesamecommunicationbandwidth,itmaybedifculttoestablish
communications even if the RSSI is high. In such a case, check the communication environment
together with the SNR value described later.
You can check two RSSI values in the Sushi Sensor system.
RSSImeasuring
device Checkingmethod
RSSI from gateway
to Sushi Sensor
communication
Sushi Sensor • SushiSensorApp(Androiddevicetool)
• Healthreporttheapplicationisperiodicallynotiedof
by the sensor
RSSI from Sushi Sensor to
gateway communication
Gateway • Gatewaymanagementscreen
For details on the checking method, refer to the instruction manual of the Application, each
sensor or gateway.
• SNR(SignalNoiseRatio)
Indicates the ratio of the strength of wireless signals for LoRaWAN communication to that of other
ambient noise signals. The higher the SNR value is, the more stable LoRaWAN communication
will be. When the SNR value is low, communication errors may occur even if the RSSI value is
high. The LoRa modulation used in LoRaWAN communication has the advantage of enabling
communications even if the communication signal level is lower than the ambient noise level. In
such an environment, the SNR may be a negative value.
You can check two SNR values in the Sushi Sensor system.
SNRmeasuring
device Checkingmethod
SNR from gateway to Sushi
Sensor communication
Sushi Sensor • Healthreporttheapplicationisperiodicallynotiedof
by the Sushi Sensor
SNR from Sushi Sensor to
gateway communication
Gateway • Gatewaymanagementscreen
For details on the checking method, refer to the instruction manuals of the Application, the Sushi
Sensor and the gateway.
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