YOKOGAWA TA320 User manual

Yokogawa Electric Corporation IM 704210-01E
1st Edition
Time Interval Analyzer

1
IM 704210-01E
Foreword
Thank you for purchasing the YOKOGAWA TA320 Time Interval Analyzer.
This user’s manual contains useful information about the functions and operating methods of the
instrument. It also contains precautions that should be observed during use. To ensure correct use
of the instrument, please read this manual thoroughly before operating it.
Keep the manual in a safe place for quick reference whenever a question arises.
The following manual is provided with this instrument in addition to this manual.
Manual Name Manual No. Description
TA320 GP-IB Interface IM704210-12E Describes the communication functions for the GP-IB
User’s Manual interface.
Notices
• The contents of this manual are subject to change without prior notice as a result of
improvements in the instrument’s performance and functions. Display contents illustrated in
this manual may differ slightly from what actually appears on your screen.
• Every effort has been made in the preparation of this manual to ensure the accuracy of its
contents. However, should you have any questions or find any errors, please contact your
nearest YOKOGAWA representative as listed on the back cover of this manual.
•Copying or reproduction of all or any part of the contents of this manual without
YOKOGAWA’s permission is strictly prohibited.
Trademarks
•MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
• HP-GL is a registered trademark of Hewlett-Packard Company.
Revisions
•1st Edition : December 1996
Disk No. HF07
1st Edition: December 1996 (YG)
All Rights Reserved, Copyright © 1996 Yokogawa Electric Corporation

2IM 704210-01E
Checking the Contents of the Package
Unpack the box and check the contents before operating the instrument. If the wrong instrument
or accessories have been delivered, if some accessories are missing or if they appear abnormal,
contact the dealer from which you purchased them.
Main Body
Check that the model name and suffix code given on the name plate of the rear panel match those
on your order.
Nameplate
MODEL (Type Name)
704210
SUFFIX (Suffix Code)
Item Suffix Code Specifications
Power voltage •••••••••••••••••••• 100-240 VAC
Power cord -D UL/CSA Standards Power Cord (Part No.: A1006WD)
[Maximum Rated Voltage: 125 V, Maximum Rated Current: 7 A]
-F VDE Standard Power Cord (Part No.: A1009WD)
[Maximum Rated Voltage: 250 V, Maximum Rated Current: 10 A]
-Q BS Standard Power Cord (Part No.: A1054WD)
[Maximum Rated Voltage: 250 V, Maximum Rated Current: 10 A]
-R SAA Standard Power Cord (Part No.: A1024WD)
[Maximum Rated Voltage: 240 V, Maximum Rated Current: 10 A]
NO. (Instrument No.)
When contacting the dealer from which you purchased your instrument, please quote the
instrument No.
Note
It is recommended that the packing box be kept in a safe place. The box can be used when you need to
transport the instrument somewhere.

3
IM 704210-01E
Standard Accessories
The following standard accessories are supplied with the instrument. Make sure that all items are
present and undamaged.
User's manual
Communication interface
manual
UL/CSA standard
A1006WD VDE standard A1009WD BS standard A1054WD SAA standard A1024WD
DF Q R
Power cord (one of the following power cords
is supplied according to the instrument's suffix codes)
(1pc)
(1pc)
Rubber feet(2pcs)
(A9088ZM(1pc))
Optional Accessories
The following optional accessories are available. On receiving these optional accessories, make
sure that all the items that you ordered have been supplied and that they are undamaged.
If you have any questions regarding optional accessories, or if you wish to place an order, contact
the dealer from whom you purchased them.
Part Name Part No. Minimum Q’ty Remarks
150 MHz passive probe 700996 1 Input impedance: 10 MΩ, Length: 1.5 m
BNC cable (1m) 366924 1 BNC-BNC, Length: 1 m
BNC cable (2m) 366925 1 BNC-BNC, Length: 2 m
Rack-mount kit 751533-E3 1 For EIA single mount
Rack-mount kit 751534-E3 1 For EIA dual mount
Rack-mount kit 751533-J3 1 For JIS single mount
Rack-mount kit 751534-J3 1 For JIS dual mount
Checking the Contents of the Package

4IM 704210-01E
Safety Precautions
This instrument is an IEC safety class I instrument (provided with terminal for protective
grounding).
The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service
and repair of this instrument. If this instrument is used in a manner not sepecified in this manual,
the protection provided by this instrument may be impaired. Also, YOKOGAWA Electric
Corporation assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.
The following symbols are used on this instrument.
To avoid injury, death of personnel
or damage to the instrument, the
operator must refer to an explanation
in the User’s Manual or Service
Manual.
Alternating current.
ON(power).
OFF(power).
Make sure to comply with the following safety precautions. Not complying might
result in injury, death of personnel or damage to the instrument.
WARNING
Power Supply
Ensure the source voltage matches the voltage of the power supply before turning ON the
power.
Power Cable and Plug
To prevent an electric shock or fire, be sure to use the power cord supplied by
YOKOGAWA. The main power plug must be plugged in an outlet with protective
grounding terminal. Do not invalidate protection by using an extension cord without
protective grounding.
Protective Grounding
Make sure to connect the protective grounding to prevent an electric shock before
turning ON the power.
Necessity of Protective Grounding
Never cut off the internal or external protective grounding wire or disconnect the wiring
of protective grounding terminal. Doing so poses a potential shock hazard.
Defect of Protective Grounding and Fuse
Do not operate the instrument when protective grounding or fuse might be defective.
Do not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere
Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable liquids or vapors. Operation
of any electrical instrument in such an environment constitutes a safety hazard.
Do not Remove any Covers
There are some areas with high voltages. Do not remove any cover if the power supply is
connected. The cover should be removed by qualified personnel only.
External Connection
To ground securely, connect the protective grounding before connecting to measurement
or control unit.

5
IM 704210-01E
Structure of the Manual
This User’s Manual consists of 12 chapters and an Index as described below.
Chapter1 Functions
Describes the measuring principles and functions of the instrument. No description is given for
operating methods, however it is recommended that this chapter be read before operating the
instrument to gain a basic understanding of what the instrument can do.
Chapter2 Name and Use of Each Part
Describes the name and function of each part of the instrument. For keys and rotary knob,
reference sections (or page numbers) are also given.
Chapter3 Before Starting Measurement
Describes usage precautions, how to install the instrument, connect the power cord, turn the
power switch ON/OFF, connect a probe and set the date and time.
Chapter4 Common Operations
Describes how to start and stop acquisition of a measuring input signal and set a numerical value
using the ten-key.
Chapter5 Setting the Sampling Mode and Measurement Function (Item)
Describes how to set the sampling mode and measurement function (item).
Chapter6 Setting the Acquisition Conditions for Input Signal to be Measured
Describes how to set the acquisition conditions for the input signal to be measured, including
input coupling, input impedance, trigger mode and trigger level, gate type, sample size and
sampling interval, arming source, slope, delay types, and inhibit.
Chapter7 Displaying the Measured/Computed Data
Describes how to display a histogram, time variation, list of measured data and statistic values,
and how to set multi-window, panorama display and histogram data addition functions.
Chapter8 Storing and Recalling the Set-up Information from the Internal Memory
Describes how to store the set-up information to the internal memory and how to recall the stored
set-up information and change it.
Chapter9 Saving and Loading the Data from a Floppy Disk
Describes how to save data such as set-up information, measured/computed results and screen
image to a floppy disk, load the saved data, format a floppy disk and delete data.
Chapter10 Using Other Functions
Describes how to output measured data to a plotter, input/output the reference signal, output
monitor signals, initialize the set-up information, calibrate the instrument, set the screen contrast
and set the touch key sound.
Chapter11 Troubleshooting and Maintenance
Describes corrective actions to be taken in case of problems and their causes, describes error
messages, how to use the error logging and self-test functions, adjust the time base, carry out the
performance test and reset the circuit breaker.
Chapter12 Specifications
Describes the specifications of the instrument.
Index
Describes important terms.

6IM 704210-01E
Notations and Symbols Used in this Manual
Unit
k:1000 (e.g. 100 kHz)
K :1024 (e.g. 640 KB (floppy disk memory capacity))
Symbols Used
The following symbols are used in this User’s Manual.
To avoid injury or death of personnel, or damage to the instrument, the
operator must refer to the User’s Manual. In the User’s Manual, these
symbols appear on the pages to which the operator must refer.
WARNING Describes precautions that should be observed to prevent the danger of
serious injury or death to the user.
CAUTION Describes precautions that should be observed to prevent the danger of
minor or moderate injury to the user, or the damage to the property.
Note
Provides information that is important for proper operation of the
instrument.
Symbols used on pages where description of operation is given
The following symbols are used in chapters 3 to 11, to classify descriptions.
Procedure
Procedure
Describes keys to be used and operating procedure. With some operating
procedures, it is not necessary to carry out the steps according to the order
in which they are described.
Explanation
Explanation
Gives a detailed description of settings and restrictions regarding
operations. No detailed description is given for the function. For a
detailed description of the function, refer to Chapter 1.

7
IM 704210-01E
1
2
10
11
12
Index
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
Contents
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 1
Checking the Contents of the Package .......................................................................................................................... 2
Safety Precautions ................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Structure of the Manual .......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Notations and Symbols Used in this Manual ............................................................................................................... 6
Chapter 1 Functions
1.1 System Configuration and Block Diagram.........................................................................................................1-1
1.2 Measuring Principles and Sampling Mode.........................................................................................................1-2
1.3 Measurement Functions (Measurement Items) ..................................................................................................1-3
Period, Time Interval ............................................................................................................................................................... 1-3
Pulse Width, Phase Difference, Duty Ratio ............................................................................................................................. 1-4
1.4 Computation .......................................................................................................................................................1-5
Readout Function ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1-5
Calculation, Statistical Computation Items ............................................................................................................................. 1-6
1.5 Setting the Acquisition Conditions for Input Signal to be Measured ................................................................. 1-8
Input Coupling, Input Impedance, Measurement Block .......................................................................................................... 1-8
Trigger Mode/Trigger Level, Gate .......................................................................................................................................... 1-9
Sample Size (Number of Events), Sampling Interval, Arming, Arming Delay .....................................................................1-10
Inhibit ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1-11
1.6 Displaying the Measured/Computed Data........................................................................................................1-12
Histogram Display, Multi-window .........................................................................................................................................1-12
Panorama Display, Histogram Data Addition, Time Variation Display ................................................................................1-13
List Display, Statistics Display ............................................................................................................................................... 1-14
1.7 Other Functions
External Signal Input/Output (Rear Panel), Communications, Storing and Recalling of Set-up Information, Saving and
Loading Data from a Floppy Disk, Auto Loading of Set-up Information, Plotter Output, Initialization of Set-up
Information, Calibration ..................................................................................................................................................1-16
Numeric Value Setting, Contrast, Touch-key Sound, Error Logging, Self-test ..................................................................... 1-17
Chapter 2 Name and Use of Each Part
2.1 Front Panel..........................................................................................................................................................2-1
2.2 Rear Panel ...........................................................................................................................................................2-2
Chapter 3 Before Starting Measurement
3.1 Usage Precautions .............................................................................................................................................. 3-1
3.2 Installing the Instrument ..................................................................................................................................... 3-2
3.3 Connecting the Power Cord................................................................................................................................3-4
3.4 Turning the Power Switch ON/OFF ................................................................................................................... 3-5
3.5 Connecting the Cables/Probes ............................................................................................................................3-6
3-6 Compensating a Probe (Carrying Out Phase Correction)...................................................................................3-7
3.7 Setting the Date and Time .................................................................................................................................. 3-9

8IM 704210-01E
Chapter 4 Common Operations
4.1 Starting/Stopping Acquisition of a Measuring Input Signal ..............................................................................4-1
4.2 Setting Numerical Values ................................................................................................................................... 4-2
Chapter 5 Setting the Sampling Mode and Measurement Function (Item)
5.1 Selecting the Sampling Mode .............................................................................................................................5-1
5.2 Setting Period Measurement...............................................................................................................................5-2
5.3 Setting Time Interval Measurement ................................................................................................................... 5-4
5.4 Setting Pulse Width Measurement .....................................................................................................................5-6
5.5 Setting Phase Difference Measurement..............................................................................................................5-8
5.6 Setting Duty Ratio Measurement .....................................................................................................................5-10
Chapter 6 Setting the Acquisition Conditions for Input Signal to be Measured
6.1 Setting the Input Coupling, Input Impedance, Trigger Mode and Trigger Level .............................................. 6-1
6.2 Setting the Gate Type, Sample Size and Sampling Interval ............................................................................... 6-3
6.3 Setting the Arming Source, Slope and Delay Types ..........................................................................................6-6
6.4 Setting the Inhibit Function ................................................................................................................................6-9
Chapter 7 Displaying the Measured/Computed Data
7.1 Setting the Histogram Display Function and Reading the Data (Readout) ........................................................7-1
7.2 Using the Multi-window Function ..................................................................................................................... 7-5
7.3 Using the Panorama Display Function ...............................................................................................................7-9
7.4 Carrying out Histogram Data Addition ............................................................................................................ 7-11
7.5 Setting the Time Variation Display Function and Reading the Data (Readout) .............................................. 7-13
7.6 Selecting the List Display Function and Displaying the Data ..........................................................................7-17
7.7 Selecting the Statistics Display Function and Reading the Statistic Data ........................................................ 7-19
7.8 Selecting the Histogram Display Function and Displaying the Statistic Data ................................................. 7-21
Chapter 8 Storing and Recalling the Set-up Information from the Internal Memory
8.1 Storing the Set-up Information in the Internal Memory .....................................................................................8-1
8.2 Recalling the Set-up Information from the Internal Memory ............................................................................ 8-2
Chapter 9 Saving and Loading the Data from a Floppy Disk
9.1 Points to Note during Use of the Floppy Disk Drive .........................................................................................9-1
9.2 Formatting a Floppy Disk ...................................................................................................................................9-2
9.3 Saving, Loading and Auto Loading the Set-up Information .............................................................................. 9-4
9.4 Saving and Loading the Measured and Computed Data ....................................................................................9-7
9.5 Saving the Screen Image Data ..........................................................................................................................9-10
9.6 Auto Saving the Screen Image Data .................................................................................................................9-12
9.7 Deleting Saved Data .........................................................................................................................................9-13
Chapter 10 Using Other Functions
10.1 Outputting Data to a Plotter .............................................................................................................................. 10-1
10.2 Inputting and Outputting the Reference Signal ................................................................................................10-5
10.3 Outputting the Monitor Signal..........................................................................................................................10-7
10.4 Initializing the Set-up Information ...................................................................................................................10-8
10.5 Calibrating the Instrument ..............................................................................................................................10-10
10.6 Setting the Screen Contrast ............................................................................................................................10-11
10.7 Turning the Touch-key Sound ON/OFF.........................................................................................................10-12
Contents

9
IM 704210-01E
1
2
10
11
12
Index
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
Chapter 11 Troubleshooting and Maintenance
11.1 Troubleshooting................................................................................................................................................11-1
11.2 Messages...........................................................................................................................................................11-2
11.3 Using the Error Logging Function ...................................................................................................................11-4
11.4 Executing the Self-test ...................................................................................................................................... 11-5
11.5 Adjusting the Time Base ..................................................................................................................................11-8
11.6 Carrying out the Performance Test...................................................................................................................11-9
11.7 Circuit Breaker ............................................................................................................................................... 11-19
Chapter 12 Specifications
12.1 Measuring Inputs and Trigger ..........................................................................................................................12-1
12.2 Measurement Functions (Measurement Items) ................................................................................................12-2
12.3 Gate, Arming, Inhibit .......................................................................................................................................12-4
12.4 Display .............................................................................................................................................................. 12-5
12.5 Inputs/Outputs (Rear Panel) .............................................................................................................................12-7
12.6 GP-IB Interface ................................................................................................................................................12-8
12.7 Time Base ......................................................................................................................................................... 12-8
12.8 Internal Memory Function ................................................................................................................................ 12-8
12.9 Built-in Floppy Disk Drive............................................................................................................................... 12-8
12.10 General Specifications ...................................................................................................................................... 12-9
12.11 External Dimensions ......................................................................................................................................12-10
Index
Contents

1-1
IM 704210-01E
Functions
1
1.1 System Configuration and Block Diagram
System Configuration
HP-GL compatible plotter
• Hard copy
• Set-up information list
Input signal
Personal computer
• Remote control
• Data collection/analysis
Object to be
measured
Communication
Inhibit input
External arming input (the terminal
is shared with external gate input)
Reference input
Monitor output
Reference output
Saving and loading of
data from a floppy disk
Block Diagram
Reference
Clock
LCD
&
Touch Panel
GP-IB
FDD
CPU
Acquisition
Memory 1
Memory
Contoroller
Measuring
Controller
&
Fractional
Pulse
Generator
PLL
Clock
Generator
Signal
Multiplexer
Input
Amplifier
Trigger
DAC
Ach IN
Bch IN
Reference
IN
Reference
OUT
Ach Monitor
OUT
Bch Monitor
OUT
EXT ARM IN
INHIBIT IN
T/V
Converter
&
Data
Generator
Acquisition
Memory 2
Memory
Contoroller
10MHz-TCXO
Comparator
Comparator
Time Measuring Unit 2
Time Measuring Unit 1
Input
Amplifier
Trigger
DAC
T/V
Converter
T/V
Converter
T/V
Converter
Counter
&
Data
Generator
Clock
Inhibit Signal
External Arming Signal
10MHz
10MHz
CPU BUS
Acquisition BUS
Counter
Signal Flow
The signal input to the input terminal (Ach IN, Bch IN) is converted into a low-impedance signal
by the input amplifier. It is then sent to the comparator, where it is converted to a binary signal.
At the same time, the signal from the input amplifier is output as a monitor signal via the output
terminal (Ach Monitor OUT, Bch Monitor OUT).
The signal multiplexer selects the binary signal according to the selected measurement function
(item), then the signal is input to the measuring controller. The measuring controller controls
measurement and creates fractional pulse according to the external arming signal and inhibit
signal. The width of the fractional pulse is measured, with a resolution of 100 ps, by the T/V
converter of the time measuring unit (1, 2), and then compared with the value on the digital
counter, to provide measured data. With continuous measurement, two time measuring units (1,
2) are activated alternately.
In time stamp mode (see the following page), both measured value and time stamp data (elapsed
time) are acquired in each acquisition memory (1, 2). In hardware histogram mode (see the
following page), the frequency of each measured value (i.e. number of the same measured values)
is acquired in each acquisition memory. The acquired data is then sent via the memory controller
to a CPU, where it is used for statistical computation or displayed on the LCD.
Either the signal from the internal crystal oscillator (compensated against temperature drift) or an
external reference signal (input to the Reference IN terminal) can be used as the reference clock.
In either case, the reference clock is output through the 10-MHz band pass filter to the Reference
OUT terminal.

1-2 IM 704210-01E
1.2 Measuring Principles and Sampling Mode
Measuring Principles
Time shorter than the period of the reference clock is called fractional time. In general, since the
signal to be measured is not synchronized with the reference clock, fractional time exists at both
beginning and end of measurement. This instrument generates a fractional pulse comprised of the
fractional time and the time equivalent to one cycle of the reference clock.
With the pulse width of the signal to be measured, period of the reference clock and time span of
each fractional pulse assumed to be T, t0, Ta and Tb respectively, T can be separated into
multiplication of the period of the reference clock (N • t0) and period of each fractional pulse (Ta
and Tb) as shown below.
T = N • t0+ (Ta– Tb)
With this instrument, Taand Tb, the time of fractional pulses generated at the beginning and end
of measurement, are converted into a voltage value, which is then converted into a digital value
by a 8-bit A/D converter. This enables measurement of the time of fractional pulse, with time
resolution of 100 ps per 1 LSB. T is calculated by substituting the measured time of each
fractional pulse for Taand Tbof the above formula.
T
12 t0N
TaTb
V =k·T
V =k·T
Signal to be measured
Reference clock
Fractional pulse
Time-voltage conversion
aa b b
T =N·t + (T –T )
k: A/D conversion factor
b
a
0
A/D conversion A/D conversion
Sampling Mode ≡For operating procedure, refer to 5.1≡
Two sampling modes are available: time stamp mode and hardware histogram mode. The
sampling method (acquisition method of measured data) and display format (display method)
differ depending on the sampling mode. For a detailed description of display format, refer to 1.6,
“Displaying the Measured/Computed Data”.
Time stamp mode
Measured values and their time stamps (i.e. the time on which measurement is taken) are acquired
into the acquisition memory, and used as time-series data. The maximum sample size (i.e. the
maximum allowable number of data items to be acquired) is 32,000, though it varies depending
on the measurement function (refer to section 1.3). The measured values can be displayed in four
formats (histogram, list (measured values and time stamp), time variation and statistic values.
* Time stamp is expressed as the elapsed time between that when arming is activated (refer to
section 1.5) and when measurement for one sample is completed.
Hardware histogram mode
The measured value and its occurrence frequency are acquired into the acquisition memory. The
maximum sample size (i.e. the maximum allowable number of data items to be acquired) is
99,999,999. The measured values can be displayed in three formats (histogram, list (measured
values and frequency) and statistic values.).

1-3
IM 704210-01E
Functions
1
1.3 Measurement Functions (Measurement Items)
Period ≡For operating procedure, refer to 5.2≡
The time from a rising (or falling) edge to the next rising (or falling) edge of the input signal is
measured. Either rising or falling edge can be selected, and channel A or B can be selected for
measurement.
Measured Measured Measured
CH A/
CH B
Example (rising slope is selected)
Time Interval ≡For operating procedure, refer to 5.3≡
The time interval between the signal input to channel A and that input to channel B is measured.
The following two types of time interval can be measured.
A-to-B interval
The time interval between an edge of the signal input to channel A and the first edge of the signal
input to channel B is measured. Various combinations of edges can be selected as follows. For a
description of combinations of slopes, refer to 5.3, “Setting Time Interval Measurement”.
Measured Measured
CH A
CH B
Example (Both channels A and B: rise)
Measured Measured Measured
CH A
CH B
AB AB
Example (Channel A: both rise and fall, channel B: rise)
A-to-B-to-A interval
The time interval between an edge of the signal input to channel A and the first edge of the signal
input to channel B, and the time interval between an edge of the signal input to channel B and the
subsequent edge of the signal input to channel A are measured. For a description of combinations
of slopes, refer to 5.3, “Setting Time Interval Measurement”.
Measured MeasuredMeasured Measured
CH A
CH B
ABA
Example (All three edges: rise)

1-4 IM 704210-01E
Pulse Width ≡For operating procedure, refer to 5.4≡
The time between a rising (or falling) edge and the next falling (or rising) edge of the input signal
is measured. For selection of combinations of polarity, refer to 5.4, “Setting Pulse Width
Measurement”. A special combination of polarity, in which a time constant T (see section 1.4) is
specified to carry out measurement only when the period of the pulse is within the specified time
range (22T±0.5T). This combination is called “22T”. For measurement of pulse width, channel
A or B can be selected.
Measured when
within 22T ±0.5T Measured when within 22T ±0.5T
CH A/
CH B
Measured Measured Measured Measured
CH A/
CH B
22T
Example (positive: rising to falling)
Example (22T)
Not measured when
not within 22T ±0.5T
Phase Difference ≡For operating procedure, refer to 5.5≡
The time between an edge of the signal input to channel A and an edge of the signal input to
channel B is measured, and the measured value is then expressed in phase difference (deg) in
relation to the period of the signal input to channel A which is set as 360 degrees. This
measurement is available only when time stamp mode is selected as the sampling mode. For a
description of combinations of slopes, refer to 5.5, “Setting Phase Difference Measurement”.
Measuredtp1
Measuredt1Measuredt2
CH A
CH B
AB
Example (Both channels A and B: rise)
Measuredtp2
Duty Ratio ≡≡
≡≡
≡For operating procedure, refer to 5.6≡≡
≡≡
≡
The ratio of the time between a rising (or falling) edge and the next falling (or rising) edge in
relation to one period of the input signal is measured. This measurement is available only when
time stamp mode is selected as the sampling mode. For measurement of duty ratio, channel A or
B can be selected.
Measuredt p1
Measuredt 1
Measuredt p2
Measuredt 2
CH A/
CH B
Example (rising to falling)
1.3 Measurement Functions (Measurement Items)
1[deg]= t
p1
t
1
×360 2[deg]= t
p2
t
2
×360Phase difference Phase difference
1[
%]= t
p1
t
1
×100
Duty ratio 2[ ]= t
p2
t
2
×100
Duty ratio %

1-5
IM 704210-01E
Functions
1
1.4 Computation
Readout Function ≡For operating procedure, refer to 7.1 and 7.5≡
If histogram or time variation display format is selected (see 1.6), two markers (X1 and X2) will
be displayed. This enables reading out of the coordinates of each cross-point of the markers and
the histogram (or time variation). In addition, selecting a calculation area (see the following
page) enables statistical computation for the area enclosed by the markers.
Histogram display format
The meaning of each value displayed at the bottom of the screen is given below.
X1: X-axis coordinate of X1 marker (measured value)
Y1: Y-axis coordinate of X1 marker (frequency of X1)
X2: X-axis coordinate of X2 marker (measured value)
Y2: Y-axis coordinate of X2 marker (frequency of X2)
N:
•WINDOW selected as calculation area: Total number of samples within the window
• MARKER selected as calculation area: Number of samples present within the area enclosed
by X1 and X2 markers
X1 marker X2 Marker
Window
Time variation display format
The meaning of each value displayed at the bottom of the screen is given below.
X1: X-axis coordinate of X1 marker (time stamp)
X2: X-axis coordinate of X2 marker (time stamp)
∆X: X2 - X1
Y1: Y-axis coordinate of X1 marker (measured value)
Y2: Y-axis coordinate of X2 marker (measured value)
∆Y: |Y2 – Y1|
X1 marker X2 Marker

1-6 IM 704210-01E
Calculation ≡For operating procedure, refer to 7.1 and 7.7≡
The following functions are available to select/set parameters required for statistical computation.
Selecting the calculation area
This function allows the user to select whether to carry out statistical computation using the
measured values present in the entire window of a histogram or using those present within the
area enclosed by the markers.
Setting the constant
This function allows the user to set the constant T to be used for calculation of jitter 1 (σ/T) or
jitter 2 (|AVE - Xcenter| / T) or the one to be used for measurement of pulse width (22T).
Statistical Computation Items ≡For operating procedure, refer to 7.1 and 7.8≡
Statistical computation can be carried out using measured values. Computation results can be
displayed if histogram or statistic display format is selected (see 1.6). The entire area of a
histogram (i.e. entire window area) or the area enclosed by the X1 and X2 markers can be used as
the calculation area. The formula may differ depending on the sampling mode.
Time stamp mode
In the following formulas, “n” indicates the number of samples and Xiindicates the measured
value for each sample.
•Maximum value (MAX)
Indicates the largest value among the measured values.
MAX=[Xi]max
•Minimum value (MIN)
Indicates the smallest value among the measured values.
MIN= [Xi]min
•Average value (AVE)
Calculates the average of the measured values.
AVE =1
n
Σ
i=1
n
Xi
•Standard deviation (σσ
σσ
σ)
Calculates the standard deviation of the measured values. Standard deviation indicates degree of
dispersion.
σ=1
nΣ(
i=1
n
X
i
–AVE)
2
•Peak to peak (P-P)
Calculates the difference between the maximum and minimum values.
P– P= MAX – MIN
•Flutter (σσ
σσ
σ/AVE)
Calculates flutter. Flutter indicates degree of dispersion in percentage in relation to the average
value.
σ/AVE = σ
AVE ×100(%)
1.4 Computation

1-7
IM 704210-01E
Functions
1
Hardware histogram mode
In the following formulas, “n” indicates the number of bins of a histogram. “Bin” refers to each
bar of the histogram and indicates frequency of the same measured data. Xiindicates the class
value of each bin. The width of bins varies depending on the specified span of X-axis, and may
be as small as 100 ps. In this case, Xiindicates the measured value. For details, refer to 1.6.
•Maximum value (MAX)
Indicates the largest value among the class values.
MAX=[Xi]max
•Minimum value (MIN)
Indicates the smallest value among the class values.
MIN= [X
i
]
min
•Average value (AVE)
Calculates the average value of the histogram. Piindicates relative frequency (*).
AVE =Σ
i=1
n
Xi×Pi
*P
ican be calculated using the formula “Pi= Ni/ N” when the total number of samples to be
used for statistical computation is N and frequency (number of samples) of a bin is Ni.
•Standard deviation (σσ
σσ
σ)
Calculates the standard deviation of the histogram. Standard deviation indicates degree of
dispersion. Piindicates relative frequency.
=1
nΣ(
i=1
n
X
i
–AVE)
2
×P
i
σ
•Peak to peak (P-P)
Calculates the difference between the maximum and minimum values.
P– P= MAX – MIN
•Flutter (σσ
σσ
σ/AVE)
Calculates flutter of the histogram. Flutter indicates degree of dispersion in percentage in relation
to the average value.
σ/AVE = σ
AVE ×100(%)
•Jitter 1 (σσ
σσ
σ/T)
Constant T is used to calculate jitter 1 of the histogram. Jitter 1 indicates degree of dispersion in
percentage in relation to constant T.
σ/T= σ
T×100(%)
•Jitter 2 (MELE, Maximum Effect Length Error)
Constant T is used to calculate jitter 2 of the histogram. Xcenter indicates the center value of
X-axis in the window. For details, refer to 1.6. Xcenter means the value around which measured
values are distributed. Jitter 2 indicates deviation of the average value from Xcenter in percentage
in relation with constant T.
ME LE = |AVE –X
CENTER
|
T×100(%)
1.4 Computation

1-8 IM 704210-01E
1.5 Setting the Acquisition Conditions for Input
Signal to be Measured
Input Coupling ≡For operating procedure, refer to 6.1≡
When you want to measure only (AC components) of the input signal or only the signal
overlapping with the specified DC voltage, measurement can be facilitated if DC components are
removed from the signal. In other cases, you may want to measure all the AC and DC
components of the input signal. In these cases, an appropriate input coupling can be selected.
The following input coupling methods are available.
AC coupling
The signal is input to the amplifier through a capacitor. AC coupling is used to measure only the
amplitude of the input signal by removing DC components or measure only the signal which
overlaps the specified DC voltage.
Input terminal Input
amplifier
DC coupling
The signal is input directly to the amplifier. DC coupling is used to measure all the AC and DC
components of the input signal
Input terminal Input
amplifier
Input Impedance ≡For operating procedure, refer to 6.1≡
To reduce attenuation or distortion of the signal to be measured, an input impedance can be
selected from 50 Ωand 1 MΩto match the output impedance of the source of the signal.
Measurement Block
The instrument carries out a series of processes, from measurement to data processing and
display, repeatedly. The minimum block of each series of processes is called “measurement
block”. When the number of samples (number of data items) for each series is assumed to be N,
each series of processes (measurement, processing and display of N samples) is called “one-block
measurement”.
Samples S1, S2, S3 to SN within the measurement block are measured as shown below by
sampling pulses P1, P2, P3 to PN generated at the specified sampling intervals. (For setting the
sampling intervals, refer to page 1-10.)
When the period of the input signal is longer than the sampling interval
S1 S2 S3 SN
1 block 1 block
S1 S2 S3
Measurement block Measurement block
Data processing,
display
Preparation
for measurement
P1 P2 P3 P4 P2 P3 P4
Input signal
Sampling
pulse
Sampling interval

1-9
IM 704210-01E
Functions
1
When the period of the input signal is shorter than the sampling interval
S1
1 block
Measurement block Data processing,
display
1 block
Measurement block
P1 P2 P3 P4 P2 P3 P4
Input signal
Sampling
pulse
Sampling interval
S2 S3 S4 SN S1 S2 S3 S4
P1PN
Preparation
for measurement
Trigger Mode/Trigger Level ≡For operating procedure, refer to 6.1≡
The instrument allows the user to specify the level at which measurement is to be carried out.
This level is called trigger level.
Single auto trigger
The center level of the amplitude of the input signal is set as the trigger level automatically during
the cycle just before the first measurement block. This trigger level will be used for all the
subsequent measurement blocks.
Repeat auto trigger
The center level of the amplitude of the input signal is set as the trigger level automatically during
the cycle just before each measurement block. Unlike the single auto trigger, the trigger level is
set for each measurement block.
Half of
the amplitude
Half of
the amplitude
Amplitude
(Input signal)
Trigger level is set Measurement block
A trigger is caused.
Trigger level
Manual trigger
The level set using the rotary knob or front panel keys is set as the trigger level.
Gate ≡For operating procedure, refer to 6.2≡
The instrument allows the user to specify the size of measurement block. Measurement can be
carried out as many as the specified number of events or during the specified gating time (i.e.
while the gate is open). Three types of gate are available.
Event gate
Each sampling is called an event. For instance, one measurement of the period of the input signal
is counted as one event. Up to 32,000 events (16,000 events for duty ratio/phase difference
measurement) can be set in the case of time stamp mode and up to 99,999,999 events can be set in
the case of hardware histogram mode, within 320 seconds following the arming (see the following
page).
Time gate
Gating time of up to 10 seconds can be set. However, the maximum number of events allowed
for the sampling mode must not be exceeded.
External gate
The external arming input terminal (EXT ARM IN) is used to open/close the gate(See the
following page). The gate can be opened for up to 320 seconds, as long as the maximum number
of events allowed for the sampling mode is not exceeded. In addition, it is possible to select
whether to open the gate using the positive or negative edge of the external arming signal.
1.5 Setting the Acquisition Conditions for Input Signal to be Measured

1-10 IM 704210-01E
Sample Size (Number of Events)≡For operating procedure, refer to 6.2≡
The allowable number of measured data items to be acquired into the acquisition memory is
called sample size. This setting is required if event gate is selected. Up to 32,000 events (16,000
events for duty ratio/phase difference measurement) can be set in the case of time stamp mode
and up to 99,999,999 events can be set in the case of hardware histogram mode.
Sampling Interval ≡For operating procedure, refer to 6.2≡
The sampling interval is the interval at which a sample is acquired. A sampling pulse (see
“Measurement Block”) is generated at sampling intervals, and measurement is carried out when
the input signal satisfies the trigger conditions (trigger level, slope etc.) after the sampling pulse.
The sampling interval can be set between approximately 71 ns (reciprocal of the maximum
sampling rate 14 MS/s) and 4 ms in the case of time stamp mode. For hardware histogram mode,
the sampling interval is fixed at approximately 71 ns.
Arming ≡For operating procedure, refer to 6.3≡
Measurement of a measurement block is started when arming is activated. Two arming methods
are available: auto arming in which measurement starts immediately when the START key is
pressed or START communication command is issued, and external arming in which
measurement starts when the external arming signal is input.
Auto arming
Arming is activated automatically after the START key is pressed or START communication
command is issued. For auto arming, the internal arming signal is used.
External arming
Arming is activated when the external arming signal is input to the EXT ARM IN terminal
following start of measurement. It is possible to select whether to activate arming using the rising
or falling edge of the external arming signal.
Measurement
block
ArmingStart of measurement
Arming Delay ≡For operating procedure, refer to 6.3≡
With the external arming method, it is possible to delay measurement until a certain time elapses
or the specified number of events occur following activation of arming. The following two
arming delay methods are available.
Time delay
Measurement starts after the specified time (up to 1 second) has elapsed.
Event delay
Measurement starts after the specified number of events (up to 30,000) have occurred.
1.5 Setting the Acquisition Conditions for Input Signal to be Measured