4RF Aprisa XE User manual

Aprisa XE User Manual
Version 7.3.1
September 2006

Copyright
Copyright © 2001-2005 4RF Communications Ltd. All rights reserved.
This document is protected by copyright belonging to 4RF Communications Ltd and may not be
reproduced or republished in whole or part in any form without the prior written permission of 4RF
Communications Ltd.
Trademarks
The 4RF, Aprisa, Aprisa XE, SuperVisor and Surveyor names and logotypes are trademarks or
registered trademarks of 4RF Communications Ltd.
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries.
Java and all Java-related trademarks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems,
Inc. in the United States and other countries. All other marks are the property of their respective
owners.
GoAhead WebServer. Copyright © 2000 GoAhead Software, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Disclaimer
Although every precaution has been taken preparing this information, 4RF Communications Ltd
assumes no liability for errors and omissions, or any damages resulting from use of this information.
This document or the equipment may change, without notice, in the interests of improving the product.
RoHS and WEEE compliance
The Aprisa XE is fully compliant with the European Commission’s RoHS (Restriction of Certain
Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment) and WEEE (Waste Electrical and
Electronic Equipment) environmental directives.
Restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS)
The RoHS Directive prohibits the sale in the European Union of electronic equipment containing these
hazardous substances: lead*, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls
(PBBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs).
4RF Communications has worked with its component suppliers to ensure compliance with the RoHS
Directive which came into effect on the 1st July 2006.
*The European Commission Technical Adaptation Committee (TAC) has exempted lead in solder for
high-reliability applications for which viable lead-free alternatives have not yet been identified. The
exemption covers communications network infrastructure equipment, which includes 4RF
Communications’ Aprisa XE microwave radios.
End-of-life recycling programme (WEEE)
The WEEE Directive concerns the recovery, reuse, and recycling of electronic and electrical
equipment. Under the Directive, used equipment must be marked, collected separately, and disposed
of properly.
4RF Communications has instigated a programme to manage the reuse, recycling, and recovery of
waste in an environmentally safe manner using processes that comply with the WEEE Directive (EU
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment 2002/96/EC).
4RF Communications invites questions from customers and partners on its environmental
programmes and compliance with the European Commission’s Directives ([email protected]).

Compliance ETSI
The terminal is designed to comply with the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
specifications as follows:
Radio performance EN 302 217 Parts 1, 2.1, and 2.2
EMC EN 301 489 Parts 1 & 4
Environmental EN 300 019, Class 3.2
Safety EN 60950
A terminal operating in the following frequency bands / channel sizes has been tested
and is compliant to the ETSI radio specifications and suitably displays the CE logo.
Other bands are compliant to the same radio performance specifications as adapted by
4RF and therefore may be used in regions where compliance requirements demand
CE performance at other frequencies.
Frequency band Channel size Power input Notified
body
300 MHz
400 MHz
25 kHz, 50 kHz, 75 kHz, 150 kHz,
250 kHz, 500 kHz, 1.0 MHz,
1.75 MHz, 3.50 MHz
12 VDC, 24 VDC,
48 VDC, 115/230 VAC
Notified
Body 0678
600 MHz
700 MHz
800 MHz
900 MHz
500 kHz 12 VDC, 24 VDC,
48 VDC, 115/230 VAC
Notified
Body 0678
1400 MHz 75 kHz, 150 kHz, 250 kHz,
500 kHz, 1.0 MHz, 1.75 MHz,
3.50 MHz
12 VDC, 24 VDC,
48 VDC, 115/230 VAC
2000 MHz
2500 MHz
250 kHz, 500 kHz, 1.0 MHz,
1.75 MHz, 3.50 MHz, 7 MHz,
14 MHz
12 VDC, 24 VDC,
48 VDC, 115/230 VAC
Compliance FCC
The terminal is designed to comply with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
specifications as follows:
Radio performance / EMC
(dependant on variant)
47CFR part 90 Private Land Mobile Radio Services
47CFR part 101 Fixed Microwave Services
47CFR part 15 Radio Frequency Devices
Safety EN 60950
Available in 1Q 2007
Frequency band Channel size Power input FCC ID
400 MHz 25 kHz 48 VDC
900 MHz 100 kHz 48 VDC
900 MHz 200 kHz 48 VDC Verified part
101

Informal declaration of conformity
Dansk Undertegnede 4RF Communications Ltd erklærer herved, at følgende udstyr
Aprisa™ Radio overholder de væsentlige krav og øvrige relevante krav i
direktiv 1999/5/EF.
Deutsch Hiermit erklärt 4RF Communications Ltd, dass sich dieses Aprisa™ Radio in
Übereinstimmung mit den grundlegenden Anforderungen und den anderen
relevanten Vorschriften der Richtlinie 1999/5/EG befindet. (BMWi)
Dutch Hierbij verklaart 4RF Communications Ltd dat het toestel Aprisa™ Radio in
overeenstemming is met de essentiële eisen en de andere relevante
bepalingen van richtlijn 1999/5/EG.
English Hereby, 4RF Communications Ltd, declares that this Aprisa™ Radio equipment
is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions
of Directive 1999/5/EC.
Español Por medio de la presente 4RF Communications Ltd declara que el Aprisa™
Radio cumple con los requisitos esenciales y cualesquiera otras disposiciones
aplicables o exigibles de la Directiva 1999/5/CE.
Σλληνας    4RF Communications Ltd   Aprisa™ Radio
       
    1995/5/.
Français Par la présente 4RF Communications Ltd déclare que l'appareil Aprisa Radio
est conformé aux exigences essentielles et aux autres dispositions pertinentes
de la directive 1999/5/CE.
Italiano Con la presente 4RF Communications Ltd dichiara che questo Aprisa™ Radio
è conforme ai requisiti essenziali ed alle altre disposizioni pertinenti stabilite
dalla direttiva 1999/5/CE.
Português 4RF Communications Ltd declara que este Aprisa™ Radio está conforme com
os requisitos essenciais e outras provisões da Directiva 1999/5/CE.
Suomalainen 4RF Communications Ltd vakuuttaa täten että Aprisa™ Radio tyyppinen laite
on direktiivin 1999/5/EY oleellisten vaatimusten ja sitä koskevien direktiivin
muiden ehtojen mukainen.
Svensk Härmed intygar 4RF Communications Ltd att denna Aprisa™ Radio står I
överensstämmelse med de väsentliga egenskapskrav och övriga relevanta
bestämmelser som framgår av direktiv 1999/5/EG.
A formal Declaration of Conformity document is shipped with each Aprisa XE terminal.

Contents | v
Contents
1. Getting started ................................................................................................11
2. Introduction.....................................................................................................15
About this manual..........................................................................................................15
What it covers ......................................................................................................15
Who should read it ...............................................................................................15
Contact us............................................................................................................15
What's in the box...........................................................................................................15
Aprisa CD contents ..............................................................................................16
Accessory kit ........................................................................................................17
3. Preparation......................................................................................................19
Path planning ................................................................................................................19
Antenna selection and siting ................................................................................19
Coaxial feeder cables...........................................................................................22
Link budget...........................................................................................................22
Site requirements ..........................................................................................................23
Power supply........................................................................................................23
Equipment cooling................................................................................................23
Earthing and lightning protection..........................................................................24
4. About the terminal ..........................................................................................25
Introduction....................................................................................................................25
Modules.........................................................................................................................26
Front panel connections and indicators.........................................................................27
Interface card types.......................................................................................................28
5. Mounting and installing the terminal ............................................................29
Required tools ...............................................................................................................29
Installing the terminal ....................................................................................................29
Installing the antenna and feeder cable ........................................................................30
External alarms .............................................................................................................31
Alarm circuit setup................................................................................................31
Interface cabling ............................................................................................................32
Power supplies ..............................................................................................................32
DC power supply..................................................................................................32
AC power supply ..................................................................................................35
Safety earth..........................................................................................................36
Bench setup ..................................................................................................................37
6. Connecting to the terminal.............................................................................39
Connecting to the terminal's setup port.........................................................................39
Connecting to the terminal's ethernet interface.............................................................42
PC requirements for SuperVisor ..........................................................................43
PC settings for SuperVisor...................................................................................44
IP addressing of terminals.............................................................................................47
Network IP addressing ..................................................................................................48
Same subnet as local PC.....................................................................................48
Different subnet as local PC.................................................................................49

Contents | vi
7. Managing the terminal....................................................................................51
The setup menu ............................................................................................................51
4RF SuperVisor.............................................................................................................53
Logging in.............................................................................................................54
Logging out ..........................................................................................................54
SuperVisor opening page..............................................................................................55
Changing the terminal’s IP address ..............................................................................56
Setting up users ............................................................................................................57
User groups..........................................................................................................57
Adding a user .......................................................................................................57
Disabling a user ...................................................................................................58
Deleting a user.....................................................................................................58
Saving user information .......................................................................................58
Changing passwords............................................................................................59
Viewing user session details................................................................................59
8. Configuring the terminal ................................................................................61
Configuring the RF settings...........................................................................................61
Modem Performance Settings..............................................................................63
Entering terminal information ........................................................................................64
Configuring the IP settings ............................................................................................65
Saving the terminal's configuration................................................................................66
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) ...........................................................67
SNMP access controls .........................................................................................68
SNMP trap destinations .......................................................................................69
Viewing the SNMP traps ......................................................................................70
Viewing the SNMP MIB details ............................................................................70
Setting the terminal clock sources.................................................................................71
Configuring the RSSI alarm threshold...........................................................................73
Configuring the external alarms ....................................................................................74
Configuring the external alarm inputs ..................................................................74
Configuring the external alarm outputs ................................................................76
9. Configuring the traffic interfaces ..................................................................77
Viewing a summary of the interfaces ............................................................................77
Configuring the traffic interfaces....................................................................................79
Ethernet.........................................................................................................................80
VLAN tagging .......................................................................................................80
Quality of Service .................................................................................................82
Viewing the status of the ethernet ports...............................................................86
Resetting the Ethernet settings............................................................................86
QJET port settings.........................................................................................................87
Q4EM port settings........................................................................................................89
DFXO / DFXS loop interface circuits .............................................................................91
DFXS port settings ...............................................................................................94
DFXO port settings.............................................................................................101
QV24 port settings.......................................................................................................108
HSS port settings ........................................................................................................109
HSS handshaking and clocking...................................................................................111
HSS handshaking and control line function .......................................................111
HSS synchronous clock selection modes ..........................................................114
10. Cross Connections .......................................................................................121
Embedded cross connect switch.................................................................................121
Link Capacity Utilization.....................................................................................121
The Cross Connections application.............................................................................121
The Cross Connections system requirements ...................................................121
Installing the Cross Connections application .....................................................122

Contents | vii
Opening the Cross Connections application ......................................................122
The Cross Connections page.............................................................................123
Setting the terminal's address............................................................................125
Management and user ethernet capacity...........................................................125
Setting card types ..............................................................................................126
Getting cross connection configuration from the terminals ................................126
Creating cross connections................................................................................127
Sending cross connection configuration to the terminals...................................130
Saving cross connection configurations.............................................................130
Using existing cross connection configurations .................................................130
Printing the cross connection configuration .......................................................131
Deleting cross connections ................................................................................132
Configuring the traffic cross connections ....................................................................133
Compatible interfaces ........................................................................................133
QJET cross connections ....................................................................................134
Selecting and mapping bits and timeslots..........................................................139
Q4EM cross connections ...................................................................................143
DFXS & DFXO cross connections .....................................................................144
QV24 cross connections ....................................................................................145
HSS cross connections ......................................................................................146
Cross connection example ..........................................................................................147
Symmetrical Connection Wizard .................................................................................148
Starting the wizard .............................................................................................148
Wizard Navigation ..............................................................................................148
Setting the IP address........................................................................................149
Setting the bandwidth.........................................................................................149
Card Selection....................................................................................................150
Interface configurations......................................................................................151
Symmetrical connection summary .....................................................................152
Send symmetrical connection configuration.......................................................152
11. Protected terminals ......................................................................................153
Monitored Hot Stand By (MHSB) ................................................................................153
Tributary switch front panel ................................................................................154
RF switch front panel .........................................................................................155
MHSB cabling ....................................................................................................157
MHSB power supply...........................................................................................157
Configuring the radios for protected mode.........................................................158
12. In-service commissioning............................................................................163
Before you start ...........................................................................................................163
What you will need .............................................................................................163
Applying power to the terminals ..................................................................................164
Review the link configurations using SuperVisor.........................................................164
Antenna alignment ......................................................................................................165
Checking the antenna polarization.....................................................................165
Visually aligning antennas..................................................................................166
Accurately aligning the antennas .......................................................................167
Synchronizing the terminals ...............................................................................169
Checking performance .......................................................................................169
Checking the receive input level ........................................................................169
Checking the fade margin ..................................................................................170
Checking long-term BER....................................................................................171
Bit Error Rate tests.............................................................................................171
Additional tests...................................................................................................172
Checking the link performance...........................................................................173
Viewing a summary of the link performance ......................................................174

Contents | viii
13. Maintenance ..................................................................................................175
Routine maintenance ..................................................................................................175
Terminal upgrades ......................................................................................................176
Upgrade process................................................................................................176
Installing RF synthesizer configuration files.......................................................176
Upgrading the terminal using TFTP ...................................................................177
Upgrading the terminal by uploading system files..............................................182
Viewing the image table .....................................................................................187
Changing the status of an image file..................................................................188
Rebooting the terminal ................................................................................................189
Support summary ........................................................................................................190
Installing interface cards..............................................................................................191
Preparing the terminal for new interface cards ..................................................192
Installing an interface card .................................................................................194
Configuring a slot ...............................................................................................196
14. Troubleshooting............................................................................................197
Loopbacks ...................................................................................................................197
RF radio loopback..............................................................................................197
Interface loopbacks............................................................................................198
Timeslot loopbacks ............................................................................................198
Alarms .........................................................................................................................199
Diagnosing alarms .............................................................................................199
Viewing the alarm history ...................................................................................201
Viewing interface alarms ....................................................................................202
Clearing alarms ..................................................................................................203
Identifying causes of alarms...............................................................................204
E1 / T1 alarm conditions ....................................................................................206
System log...................................................................................................................207
Checking the syslog...........................................................................................207
Setting up for remote logging .............................................................................209
15. Interface connections...................................................................................211
RJ-45 connector pin assignments ...............................................................................211
Interface traffic direction ..............................................................................................211
QJET Interface connections ........................................................................................212
Ethernet interface connections....................................................................................213
Q4EM Interface connections .......................................................................................214
E&M Signalling types .........................................................................................215
DFXS Interface connections........................................................................................217
DFXO Interface connections .......................................................................................218
HSS Interface connections..........................................................................................219
Synchronous cable assemblies..........................................................................220
Cable WAN connectors......................................................................................227
QV24 Interface connections ........................................................................................228
16. Alarm types and sources .............................................................................229
Alarm types .................................................................................................................229
Transmitter alarms .............................................................................................229
Receiver alarms .................................................................................................230
MUX alarms .......................................................................................................230
Modem alarms ...................................................................................................230
Motherboard alarms ...........................................................................................231
QJET alarms ......................................................................................................231
DFXO alarms .....................................................................................................232
DFXS alarms......................................................................................................232
HSS alarms ........................................................................................................232
QV24 alarms ......................................................................................................232

Contents | ix
External alarm inputs .........................................................................................233
Remote terminal alarms .....................................................................................233
Cross connect alarms ........................................................................................233
MHSB alarms .....................................................................................................233
17. Country specific settings .............................................................................235
18. Specifications................................................................................................237
RF specifications .........................................................................................................237
System performance specifications.............................................................................238
Interface specifications................................................................................................244
Ethernet interface...............................................................................................244
QJET Quad E1 / T1 interface.............................................................................244
Q4EM Quad 4 wire E&M interface .....................................................................245
DFXO Dual foreign exchange office interface....................................................246
DFXS Dual foreign exchange subscriber interface ............................................248
QV24 Quad V.24 asynchronous data interface..................................................250
HSS Single high speed synchronous data interface ..........................................250
External alarm interfaces ...................................................................................251
Auxiliary interfaces .............................................................................................251
Power specifications....................................................................................................252
AC Power supply................................................................................................252
DC Power supply ...............................................................................................252
Power consumption............................................................................................252
MHSB specifications ...................................................................................................253
MHSB protection ................................................................................................253
General specifications .................................................................................................253
Environmental ....................................................................................................253
Mechanical.........................................................................................................253
ETSI performance ..............................................................................................253
19. Product end of life ........................................................................................255
End-of-life recycling programme (WEEE)....................................................................255
The WEEE symbol explained.............................................................................255
WEEE must be collected separately ..................................................................255
Return and collection programmes in your area ................................................255
Your role in the recovery of WEEE ....................................................................255
EEE waste impacts the environment and health................................................255
20. Abbreviations ................................................................................................257
21. Acknowledgments and licensing ................................................................259
22. Commissioning Forms .................................................................................265
23. Index ..............................................................................................................267

Getting started | 11
1. Getting started
This section is an overview of the steps required to commission a link in the field.
Phase 1: Pre-installation
1. Confirm path planning. Page 19
2. Ensure that the site preparation is complete:
Power requirements
Tower requirements
Environmental considerations, for example, temperature control
Rack space
Page 22
3. Confirm the interface card configuration.
Phase 2: Installing the terminals
1. Before installing the terminal into the rack, check that all the required
interface cards are fitted.
Position and mount the terminal in the rack. Page 29
2. Connect earthing to the terminal. Page 24
3. Confirm that the:
Antenna is mounted and visually aligned.
Feeder cable is connected to the antenna.
Feeder connections are tightened to recommended level.
Tower earthing is complete.
4. Install lightning protection. Page 24
5. Connect the coaxial jumper cable between the lightning protection and the
terminal duplexer.
6. Connect the power supply to the terminal and apply power. Page 31

Getting started | 12
Phase 3: Establishing the link
1. If you don't know the terminal's IP address :
Connect the setup cable between the terminal's Setup port and the PC
using accessory kit adaptor.
Use HyperTerminal to confirm the IP settings for the terminal:
Local IP address
Local subnet mask
Remote terminal IP address
Reboot the terminal
Page 52
2. Connect the Ethernet cable between the terminal's 4-port Ethernet switch
and the PC.
3. Confirm that the PC IP settings are correct for the 4-port Ethernet switch:
IP address
subnet mask
Page 44
4. Confirm that Java is installed on the PC. Page 43
5. Start the web browser, and log into the terminal. Page 54
6. Set or confirm the RF characteristics:
TX and RX frequencies
Modulation type
TX output power
Page 61
7. Compare the actual RSSI to the expected RSSI value (from your path
planning).
8. Fine-align the antennas. Page 167
9. Confirm that the terminal clock sources are set correctly. Page 63
10. Confirm that the TX and RX LEDs are green. Disregard the OK LED
status for now.

Getting started | 13
Phase 4: Configuring the traffic
1. Confirm that the interface hardware and software slot configurations
match.
2. Confirm the interface card settings. Page 79
3. Open the Cross Connections application and configure the cross
connections:
Download the configuration.
Confirm or modify the traffic cross connections.
Save the configuration to the terminal.
Activate the configuration.
Page 122
4. Save the configuration to disk and close the Cross Connections
application.
Page 130
5. Connect the connection of interface cables.
6. Confirm or adjust the terminal clocking for network synchronization, if
required.
7. Test that the traffic is passing over the link as configured.
8. Confirm or configure the external alarm settings in SuperVisor. Page 74
9. Setup an external alarm connection cable, if required.
10. Reset any alarms and error counters. Page 199
11. Perform traffic pre-commissioning tests (optional)
12. Complete the commissioning form (at the back of the manual) and file. Page 265

Introduction | 15
2. Introduction
About this manual
What it covers
This user manual describes how to install and configure Aprisa XE™fixed point-to-point digital radio
links.
It specifically documents an Aprisa XE terminal running system software version 7.3.1.
It is recommended that you read the relevant sections of this manual before installing or operating the
terminal.
Who should read it
This manual has been written for professional field technicians and engineers who have an
appropriate level of education and experience.
Contact us
If you experience any difficulty installing or using Aprisa XE after reading this manual, please contact
Customer Support or your local 4RF representative.
Our area representative contact details are available from our website:
4RF Communications Ltd
26 Glover Street, Ngauranga
PO Box 13-506
Wellington 6032
New Zealand
E-mail [email protected]
Web site www.4rf.com
Telephone [phone]
Facsimile [phone]
Attention Customer Services
What's in the box
Inside the box you will find:
Aprisa XE terminal
Accessory kit
Aprisa CD
Aprisa XE Quick Start Guide
Commissioning Form
Configuration sheet

Introduction | 16
Aprisa CD contents
The Aprisa CD contains the following:
Software
The latest version of the terminal software (see "Terminal upgrades” on page 176)
The Cross Connections application - required if you want to use the Cross Connections
application offline (see "Installing Cross Connections application" on page 122).
Java VM - Java plug-in needed to run the Supervisor software.
Web browsers - Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer are included for your convenience.
Adobe™ Acrobat® Reader® which you need to view the PDF files on the Aprisa CD.
Documentation
User manual — an electronic (PDF) version for you to view online or print.
Product collateral — application overviews, product description, case studies, and white
papers.
Tools
Surveyor - a path propagation calculator developed by 4RF (see "Path planning" on page 19).

Introduction | 17
Accessory kit
The accessory kit contains the following items:
Setup cable (RJ-45) and adaptor
Mounting brackets and screws
Hardware kit
(includes Allen key for fascia
screws)
Alarm cable (RJ-45)

Introduction | 18
Ground cable
DC power cable
(for use with the -48 VDC and -24
VDC power supplies)
AC power cable
(for use with the 110 / 230 VAC
power supply)

Preparation | 19
3. Preparation
Path planning
Proper path planning is essential. When considering the components of your radio system, think
about:
antenna selection and siting
coaxial cable selection
link budget
You can also use Surveyor to help you with path feasibility planning.
Surveyor is a path propagation calculator developed by 4RF to assist path planners quickly and
efficiently verify the viability of point-to-point transmission links deploying the Aprisa™ microwave radio
systems.
The software program calculates the anticipated link performance for the transmission system
elements you have selected. However, it is not a substitute for in-depth path planning.
You will find Surveyor a valuable addition to your planning toolbox.
A copy of Surveyor is provided on the Aprisa CD supplied with this manual. You can download
updates from www.4rf.com.
Antenna selection and siting
Selecting and siting antennas are important considerations in your system design.
There are three main types of directional antenna that are commonly used with the radios parabolic
grid, Yagi and corner reflector antennas.
The antenna that should be used for a particular situation is determined primarily by the frequency of
operation and the gain required to establish a reliable link.
Parabolic grid antennas
Factor Explanation
Frequency Often used in 1350-2700 MHz bands
Gain Varies with size (17 dBi to 30 dBi
typical)
Wind loading Can be significant
Tower aperture required Can be significant
Size Range from 0.6 m to 3 m diameter
Front to back ratio Good
Cost High