ADTRAN 3G CDMA NIM User manual

61700801G1-29.1H
September 2010
Configuration Guide
3G CDMA NIM and the Cellular
Interface
This configuration guide describes ADTRAN’s third generation (3G)
code division multiple access (CDMA) network interface module (NIM)
and its use with ADTRAN Operating System (AOS) products. This guide
provides all necessary information for step-by-step configuration of the
3G CDMA NIM and the AOS cellular interface, including an overview of
the 3G CDMA technology, applications, and detailed configurations.
Information on configuring the demand routing interface is also included
because it is necessary for 3G CDMA cellular connectivity. This guide
also includes a troubleshooting section outlining the proper uses of the
Web-based graphical user interface (GUI) and the AOS command line
interface (CLI) to verify that the 3G CDMA NIM and cellular interface
have been configured correctly.
This guide consists of the following sections:
•3G CDMA NIM Product Overview on page 2
•3G CDMA and Cellular Technology Overview on page 3
•3G CDMA NIM, Cellular Interfaces, and Your Network on page 5
•Hardware and Software Requirements and Limitations on page 6
•Configuring the 3G CDMA NIM Using the GUI on page 6
•Configuring the 3G CDMA NIM Using the CLI on page 21
•Example 3G CDMA NIM/Cellular Interface Configurations on
page 32
•Configuration Command Summaries on page 41
•Troubleshooting on page 44

3G CDMA NIM/Cellular Interface 3G CDMA NIM Product Overview
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3G CDMA NIM Product Overview
The 3G CDMA NIM is an alternative method for providing primary and backup wide area network (WAN)
connections, allowing small and large businesses more cost-effective methods for staying connected.
Whether large businesses need backup connections, or small businesses need immediate high-speed
connections without the cost and delay of waiting for installation of an integrated services digital network
(ISDN) line, the 3G CDMA NIM provides the necessary access at a fraction of the cost, when paired with
a wireless data plan service provider.
The 3G CDMA NIM provides access to remote sites, such as remote kiosks, temporary sites, or remote
office branches, through cellular connections at speeds approaching those of a T1 network. The 3G CDMA
NIM also provides an alternative to ISDN, cable, and digital subscriber line (DSL) backup solutions.
Physical Description
The 3G CDMA NIM uses two dipole antennas (one primary and one diversity) to connect to the cellular
network. The NIM also includes four LEDs, which signify the type of connection being used, and the
signal strength. Figure 1 depicts the rear panel of the 3G CDMA NIM.
Figure 1. 3G CDMA NIM Rear Panel
The 3G NIM’s LEDs reveal information regarding signal strength, power status, transmission status, and
service availability. Table 1 describes the LED, its color, and its indication.
Table 1. 3G CDMA NIM LED Descriptions
LED Label LED Color Indication
WWAN
Off 3G modem is not powered.
Green (solid) 3G modem is powered, associated, and authenticated, but
not transmitting or receiving.
Green (slow flash) 3G modem is powered and searching, but not associated
or authenticated.
Green (intermittent flash) 3G modem activity proportional to transmitting/receiving
speed (3 Hz minimum rate, 20 Hz maximum rate).
RSSI (Received
Signal Strength
Indication)
Off No service or no signal detected.
Red (solid) Low signal strength.
Amber (solid) Medium signal strength.
Green (solid) High signal strength.
1xRTT Off No 1xRTT service is available.
Green (solid) 1xRTT service is available.
EVDO Off No 1xEVDO service is available.
Green (solid) 1xEVDO service is available.
ANT1 ANT2
3G NIM (CDMA)
WWAN RSSI
1xRTT EVDO

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To begin using the 3G CDMA NIM, the module must be installed in a supported AOS product (refer to
www.adtran.com/3G for a complete list of supported platforms), and the antennas must be installed. For
more information regarding the installation and initial configuration of the 3G CDMA NIM, refer to the
3G CDMA NIM Quick Start Guide shipped with the product, or available on the Web at
http://kb.adtran.com (article number 2330). Other helpful information regarding detailed product
specifications, safety information, and installation instructions are located in the appropriate hardware
installation guide for your AOS routing or switching product. Hardware installation guides are available on
the AOS Documentation CD shipped with the product, or on the Web at http://kb.adtran.com.
3G CDMA and Cellular Technology Overview
CDMA is a digital radio technology with multiple access channels able to send voice, data, and signalling
data wirelessly through cellular bands. The 3G CDMA NIM operates in both Band Class 0 (Cellular
800 MHz) and Band Class 1 (PCS 1.9 GHz).
CDMA, as a technology, has been in use since 1995. The technology transmits information through
pseudo-random noise sequences (PN sequences), that allow cellular frequencies to be re-used universally
and reduce interference between users. 3G, the latest version of CDMA technology, allows a greater
opportunity for quick connection to wireless services at a much faster rate than previous versions.
Cellular Wireless Technologies
The 3G CDMA NIM operates using one of three technologies. All three are incorporated into the NIM to
ensure optimal use of wireless technology. The three technologies, described in the subsequent sections,
are 1xRTT, 1xEVDO (Revision 0), and 1xEVDO (Revision A).
1xRTT
1xRTT stands for one times radio transmission technology. The name indicates that the technology
operates at a speed one times that of standard radio transmissions. The bandwidth in this technology is the
same as a duplex pair of 1.25 MHz radio channels. 1xRTT is sometimes referred to as 2.5G, and although it
supports data speeds peaking at 144 kbps, it is the slowest of the three standard cellular wireless
technologies. Typical real-world speeds for this transmission type are 60 to 90 kbps, or two-to-three times
the speed of dial-up connections.
1xEVDO (Revision 0)
1xEVDO Revision 0 stands for one times evolution-data optimized. EVDO is a high-speed
packet-switched transmission technology designed for data-centric broadband networks. Revision 0
provides high-speed data access of up to 2.4 Mbps in a single 1.25 MHz frequency division duplex (FDD)
carrier, download speeds of up to 2.4 Mbps, and updload speeds of 158 kbps. Revision 0 offers support for
Internet Protocol (IP) protocols and network connectivity, and functions as a good substitute for DSL lines.

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1xEVDO (Revision A)
1xEVDO Revision A is the latest improvement of 1xEVDO Revision 0. Revision A provides greater data
access speeds than Revision 0, is more efficient in its use of airlink resources, provides a more synchronic
broadband experience, and supports prioritization and delivery of individual information packets based on
application type or user profiles. Revision A is capable of transfer speeds of up to 3.1 Mbps in a single
1.25 MHz FDD carrier, and speeds up to 800 kbps in commercial networks.
Cellular Technology Speed Influences
Although the 3G CDMA NIM is capable of operating at any of the available speeds, transfer rate and
signal type will depend upon the coverage area in which the unit is operating. Performance decreases as
proximity to the cell tower decreases, and performance decreases as the number of cell tower users
increases. The 3G CDMA NIM will operate at the fastest speed available in the coverage area. To verify
the speeds available in your area, contact your cellular provider.

3G CDMA NIM/Cellular Interface 3G CDMA NIM, Cellular Interfaces, and Your Network
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3G CDMA NIM, Cellular Interfaces, and Your Network
The 3G CDMA NIM functions as a cellular interface and a cellular modem. The cellular interface is a
physical interface, designated as part of a demand routing resource pool. The demand interface draws on
the demand routing resource pool to connect with the public network, while the cellular interface connects
with physical interface on the public side of the network to complete the connection. The relationship of
the 3G CDMA NIM, the cellular interface, and the demand interface is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Internal Traffic Flow with the 3G CDMA NIM
Ethernet
(physical interface)
(physical interface)
Demand
3G CDMA NIM
CDMA Modem
Dial-up Driver
Cellular
Interface
Traffic to and from LAN
Traffic to and from WAN
(virtual interface)

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Hardware and Software Requirements and Limitations
Visit www.adtran.com/3G for details on NetVanta platforms supporting the NetVanta 3G CDMA NIM.
The 3G CDMA NIM can be upgraded by copying the new firmware from either the AOS base product’s
flash or CompactFlash®.
The cellular interface only supports originating data calls; it does not support answering calls.
For users that require large amounts of bandwidth, it is recommended that the 3G CDMA NIM and cellular
interface be used as backup for primary connections, rather than the primary connection itself.
It is not recommended to use two 3G CDMA NIMs in products that have two NIM slots.
The NetVanta 1335 with internal WiFi has not been certified to operate with the 3G CDMA NIM.
3G CDMA NIM hardware is designed for particular cellular service carriers. The 17.2 version only
supports Verizon wireless services, and cannot be upgraded to support services from other carriers. The
17.4 version also supports Sprint wireless services. The 3G CDMA NIM supporting Verizon wireless
services is P/N 1700801G1. The 3G CDMA NIM supporting Sprint wireless services is P/N 1700802G1.
To function properly, keepalive packets must not be transmitted by the 3G CDMA NIM. The keepalive
value must be set to 0, using the keepalive <value> CLI command on the demand routing interface. For
more details about this command, refer to the AOS Command Reference Guide available on the AOS
Documentation CD shipped with your base unit or online at http://kb.adtran.com (article number 2219).
In addition, the Verizon 3G CDMA NIM requires a backoff algorithm that delays calls for 15 minutes in
the event of a failed call. Even across reboots, the card will not be permitted to make a call until the
15-minute time limit has been reached. For more information about this call delay, refer to Attempted Call
Delay on Verizon 3G CDMA NIM on page 57.
The 3G CDMA NIM supporting Sprint wireless services also incorporates Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP) support. This support is available in firmware version 17.4 and later. For more
information about SNMP, refer to the AOS SNMP configuration guide available on the AOS
Documentation CD shipped with your base unit or online at http://kb.adtran.com.
Configuring the 3G CDMA NIM Using the GUI
The 3G CDMA NIM and the cellular interface can be configured by either using the CLI or the GUI. To
configure the 3G CDMA NIM and cellular interface using the GUI, complete the following tasks:
• Subscribe to a wireless cellular account.
• Activate the 3G CDMA NIM.
• Define the interesting traffic to activate the demand routing interface.
• Configure the demand routing interface.
• Set the 3G CDMA NIM/cellular interface as a member of a demand routing resource pool.

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• Set the demand routing interface sequence number.
• Configure a route to the Internet through the demand routing interface.
• Configure network address translation (NAT) parameters.
In addition to the preceding configurations, custom profile setting can be configured for the 3G CDMA
NIM through the GUI. These profile settings can be used to utilize services that require private IP services,
such as Sprint’s DataLink services. To learn more about configuring custom profile settings for the 3G
CDMA NIM, refer to Configuring Custom Profile Settings on page 18.
Subscribing to a Cellular Network
Before attempting to connect the 3G CDMA NIM to the cellular network, make sure you have subscribed
to an appropriate CDMA service plan with your wireless service provider. The electronic serial number
(ESN) might be needed for this process. The ESN can be obtained from the label on the 3G modem or by
using the show interface cellular hardware command. Refer to Viewing Cellular Hardware Statistics on
page 49 for more details.
Accessing the GUI
To begin configuring the 3G CDMA NIM and cellular interface through the GUI, follow these steps:
1. Follow the directions on the 3G CDMA NIM Quick Start Guide shipped with the NIM to enable the base
product to access the GUI. Make sure that the Ethernet interface is configured and the ip http server
has been enabled.
2. Open a new Web page in your Internet browser.
3. Enter your AOS product’s IP address in the Internet browser’s address field in the following form:
http://<ip address>.
For example: http://65.162.109.202
Refer to the AOS Command Reference Guide on the CD shipped with the base unit or
online at http://kb.adtran.com (article number 2219) for more information about the ip
http server command.

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4. At the prompt, enter your user name and password and select OK.
Activating the 3G CDMA NIM
1. Navigate to System > Physical Interfaces in the menu on the left.
The default user name is admin and the default password is password.

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2. Select the cellular interface from the list of interfaces.
3. Select the Activate button to activate the 3G CDMA NIM and cellular interface.
4. Enter a Description of the cellular interface, check the Enable box, and select Apply.
The 3G CDMA NIM and cellular interface is now activated and enabled.
The next step in configuration is to specify interesting traffic to be used by the demand routing interface.
The Reset button reboots the module and erases any configuration changes made in the
current configuration session.

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Defining Interesting Traffic for the Demand Routing Interface
Interesting traffic must be defined for the demand routing interface by configuring an access control list
(ACL). When the defined type of traffic is detected by the demand routing interface, it will attempt to
connect to the cellular network.
Interesting traffic can be specified for inbound or outbound traffic directions. When the demand routing
interface intercepts interesting outbound traffic, it will attempt to originate a connection and will reset the
idle timer on a connected link. When the demand routing interface intercepts interesting inbound traffic, it
allows the call to remain connected.
To create an ACL used for defining demand routing interface interesting traffic, follow these steps:
1. Navigate to Data > Firewall > Firewall/ACLs.
2. Scroll down to the Access Control Lists dialog box, and select Configure ACLs.
3. Enter the ACL Name and select Extended for the ACL Type. Then select Add New ACL.
4. The new ACL will appear in the ACL list for modification.
5. Select the ACL that will be applied to the demand routing interface from the ACL list.

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6. Select Add New Traffic Selector.
7. Enter the parameters to define which packets will be monitored by the ACL.
8. In this example, the ACL is set to:
• Filter Type: Permit
• Protocol: any
To limit what brings up the demand routing interface, or what brings it down,
consider setting the protocol to your specific network needs.

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• Source Data: Any
• Destination Data: Any
9. Once the action, source, and destination information for the ACL has been entered, select Apply. The
ACL has now been defined, and can be applied to the demand routing interface.
Configuring the Demand Interface
Because the demand routing interface controls connection to the cellular network, the demand interface
must be configured for cellular network connection. To configure the demand routing interface, follow
these steps:
1. Navigate to Data > Router/Bridge > Demand Routing.
2. Select the demand 1 interface.
3. Enter the demand configuration parameters as shown:
•Resource Pool: CELLULAR
•Connect Mode: Originate
•Interface Recovery: Enabled
•Acl Name: LOCAL_LAN_OUT
•Match traffic Direction: both
•IP Address Type: Negotiated
The ACL examples in this configuration guide are specific to using the ACLs for demand
routing interface activation and cellular connection. For more options and configurations
of ACLs, refer to the Configuring IP ACLs in AOS available online at
http://kb.adtran.com (article number 3087).

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The other parameters should be left at their default values. Select Apply when completed.

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4. After selecting Apply, you will get a message acknowledging the new demand interface has been
configured.
Configuring the 3G CDMA NIM/Cellular Interface as a Member of the Demand
Routing Resource Pool
For the demand routing interface to connect with the cellular network, the cellular interface must be
defined as a resource in the demand routing interface configuration. To configure the cellular interface as a
demand routing resource, follow these steps:
1. Navigate to Data > Router/Bridge > Demand Routing.
To function properly, keepalive packets must not be transmitted by the 3G CDMA NIM.
The keepalive value must be set to 0, using the keepalive <value> CLI command on the
demand routing interface. For more details about this command, refer to the AOS
Command Reference Guide available on the AOS Documentation CD shipped with
your base unit or online at http://kb.adtran.com (article number 2219).

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2. Use the Assign Dial Interfaces to a Resource Pool dialog box to add the cellular interface to the
demand routing resource pool. Select cellular 1/1 from the Member drop-down menu. Select
CELLULAR from the Resource Pool drop-down menu. Enter 1for the Priority. When the parameters
have been set, select Add.
3. The cellular interface appears as a member of the current resource pool.
Setting the Demand Routing Sequence Number
The demand routing interface connect sequences provide instructions to the demand routing interface on
how to use the resource pool and dial string number to connect to the cellular network. To configure the
sequence number, follow these steps:
1. Navigate to Data > Router/Bridge > Demand Routing.

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2. Scroll down to the Add Connect Sequences dialog box.
3. Enter 1for the Sequence Number. Select 1for the Demand Interface. Select Add. The Sequence 1
configuration parameters are now available.
4. Enter #777 as the Dial String. Select forced-cellular from the drop-down menu. Select Apply.
This configuration specifies the number to dial for connection, which is #777. The forced-cellular
option constrains the resource pool so that this interface will only use cellular interfaces for this
particular connect sequence.
5. The created cellular connect sequence now appears.

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Configure a Route to the Internet Through the Demand Routing Interface
The demand interface must have a route to the Internet. To set the Internet route for the demand interface,
follow these steps:
1. Navigate to Data > Router/Bridge > Route table.
2. Enter a route of 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 in the Destination Address and Destination Mask fields. Add this route
to the demand 1 interface by selecting it from the drop-down menu, and select Add.
3. The new route appears in the route table, and the demand interface now has a route to the Internet.
If the new route is the primary connection to the Internet, then either the previously
existing default routes must be deleted, or the newly created route must be set to a higher
administrative distance for backup applications. For more information, refer to
Configuring WAN Failover in AOS available online at http://kb.adtran.com (article
number 2311).

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Configuring NAT
NAT is a standard method of preserving valuable Internet address space. Additionally, it can be used to
hide the structure of server farms behind a router, in order to provide bandwidth sharing to Web, File
Transfer Protocol (FTP), and application servers. To use NAT in conjunction with cellular network access,
it is necessary to configure a public interface, one that makes the connection to the WAN, and a private
interface, one that is connected to the local area network (LAN). These configurations allow for
communication between protected LAN environments and larger, public WAN environments.
NAT can be configured by executing the Firewall Wizard located in the menu on the left of the GUI (Data
> Firewall > Firewall Wizard). To learn more about configuring NAT, refer to the Configuring Internet
Access (Many to one NAT) with the Firewall Wizard in AOS training video (article number 2185) available
online at http://kb.adtran.com.
Configuring Custom Profile Settings
Custom profile settings can be configured for the 3G CDMA NIM. These profile settings can be enabled or
disabled at any time, and are useful for services that require manual activation rather than automatic
activation, such as over-the-air service provisioning (OTASP) or Open Mobile Alliance Device
Management (OMA DM) activation. Even with stored manual activation settings, users can still use
automatic activation to connect to a service provider’s general 3G network.
An example of a service requiring custom profile settings is Sprint’s DataLink service, which enables
enterprise users to use the Sprint network to access their private network. This service can be used as a
means for primary access or as a backup for wireline access, as well as for providing wireless remote
access to the private network. Figure 3 illustrates a network that uses Sprint’s DataLink service to allow
data to travel over a private connection between remote locations and the enterprise network.
Figure 3. Private Remote Connections Using Sprint’s DataLink Service
Corporate
Headquarters
Firewall
VPN Gateways
or Routers
Sprint Global MPLS VPN
SprintLink Frame Relay
IPsec VPN
Enterprise LAN
Sprint Hosted
AAA Server
Sprint Mobile
Broadband
with DataLink
NetVanta 3448
NetVanta 3448
Remote Office
A
Remote Office
B

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To use services requiring custom profiles, these profiles must be created by manually entering a user name
and password for authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA), primary home agent address,
secondary home agent address, shared secret, and the profile home address.
1. To create custom profile settings for manual activation, navigate to System > Physical Interfaces.
2. Select the cellular interface from the list of interfaces.
Not all service providers use the same methods for establishing private IP services over
3G networks. Check with your service provider to ensure that your custom profiles are
configured correctly.

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3. Choose the Custom Profile (Optional) tab and configure the parameters.
There are a number of parameters you can specify for the custom settings.
• Specify a user name and password. The user name is equivalent to the network access identifier
(NAI) user identification, and the password is equivalent to an AAA shared secret. The user name
can consist of up to 72 characters and the password can consist of up to 16 characters.
• Specify the home agent shared secret. The home agent shared secret can be up to 16 characters in
length.
• Specify the primary home agent IP address.
• Specify the secondary home agent IP address.
• Specify the home IP address.
After entering the information, select Apply to apply the custom settings.
These settings come from your service provider. You must consult with them to obtain
these settings.