AEMC PowerPad 8436 User manual

8436
PowerPad
®
ENGLISH User Manual
3-PHASE POWER QUALITY
ANALYZER

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Statement of Compliance
Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc. d.b.a. AEMC®Instruments certifies that
this instrument has been calibrated using standards and
instruments traceable to international standards.
We guarantee that at the time of shipping your instrument has
met its published specifications.
An N.I.S.T. traceable certificate may be requested at the time
of purchase, or obtained by returning the instrument to our
repair and calibration facility, for a nominal charge.
The recommended calibration interval for this instrument is 12
months and begins on the date of receipt by the customer. For
recalibration, please use our calibration services. Refer to our
repair and calibration section at www.aemc.com.
Serial #:
Catalog #: 2136.43/2136.44
Model #: 8436
Please fill in the appropriate date as indicated:
Date Received:
Date Calibration Due:
Chauvin Arnoux®, Inc.
d.b.a AEMC®Instruments
www.aemc.com

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Thank you for purchasing a PowerPad
®III Model 8436. For best results from your instrument and for your safety, read the
enclosed operating instructions carefully and comply with the precautions for use. These products must be only used by qualified
and trained users.
WARNING, risk of DANGER! The operator must refer to these instructions whenever this danger symbol appears.
CAUTION! Risk of electric shock. The voltage at the parts marked with this symbol may be dangerous.
Equipment is protected by double insulation.
USB socket.
SD Card.
Ground/Earth.
Important instructions to read and to fully understand.
Useful information or hint to read.
The CE marking guarantees conformity with European directives and with regulations covering EMC.
The trash can with a line through it means that in the European Union, the product must undergo selective disposal for
the recycling of electric and electronic material, in compliance with Directive WEEE 2002/96/EC.
Definition of Measurement Categories (CAT)
■CAT IV corresponds to measurements taken at the source of low-voltage installations.
Example: power feeders, counters and protection devices.
■CAT III corresponds to measurements on building installations.
Example: distribution panel, circuit-breakers, machines or fixed industrial devices.
■CAT II corresponds to measurements taken on circuits directly connected to low-voltage installations.
Example: power supply to domestic electrical appliances and portable tools.
PRECAUTIONS FOR USE
This device is compliant with safety standard IEC 61010-2-030, the leads are compliant with IEC 61010-031, and the current sensors
are compliant with IEC 61010-2-032, for voltages up to 600 V in category IV or 1000 V in category III. Failure to observe the safety
instructions may result in electric shock, fire, explosion, and destruction of the instrument and of the installations.
■The operator and/or the responsible authority must carefully read and clearly understand the various precautions to be taken
in use. Sound knowledge and a keen awareness of electrical hazards are essential when using this instrument.
■If you use this instrument other than as specified, the protection it provides may be compromised, thereby endangering you.
■Do not use the instrument on networks of which the voltage or category exceeds those mentioned.
■Do not use the instrument if it appears to be damaged, incomplete, or poorly closed.
■Before each use, check the condition of the insulation on the leads, housing, and accessories. Any item of which the insulation
is deteriorated (even partially) must be set aside for repair or scrapping.
■Use only the leads and accessories supplied. Using leads (or accessories) of a lower voltage or category reduces the voltage
or category of the combined instrument + leads (or accessories) to that of the leads (oraccessories).
■Use personal protection equipment systematically.
■Keep your hands away from the terminals of the instrument.
■When handling the leads, test probes, and alligator clips, keep your fingers behind the physical guard.
■Use only the external power adaptor and battery pack supplied by the manufacturer. They include specificsafety features.
■Some current sensors must not be placed on or removed from bare conductors at hazardous voltages: refer to the sensor
manual and comply with the handling instructions.

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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................................................................................7
1.1. DELIVERY CONDITION...................................................................................................................................................................................7
1.2. ORDERING INFORMATION ............................................................................................................................................................................7
1.3. ACCESSORIES ...............................................................................................................................................................................................7
1.4. REPLACEMENT PARTS ..................................................................................................................................................................................7
1.5. BATTERY CHARGING.....................................................................................................................................................................................8
1.6. LANGUAGE SELECTION ................................................................................................................................................................................9
2. DESCRIPTION.........................................................................................................................................................................................................10
2.1. FUNCTIONS ...................................................................................................................................................................................................10
2.1.1. MEASUREMENTS .............................................................................................................................................................................10
2.1.2. DISPLAY FUNCTIONS.......................................................................................................................................................................11
2.1.3. CONFIGURATION .............................................................................................................................................................................11
2.2. INSTRUMENT INTERFACE...........................................................................................................................................................................12
2.3. ON/OFF BUTTON ..........................................................................................................................................................................................13
2.4. DISPLAY........................................................................................................................................................................................................13
2.4.1. PRESENTATION................................................................................................................................................................................13
2.4.2. FUNCTION BUTTONS .......................................................................................................................................................................14
2.5. KEYPAD BUTTONS ........................................................................................................................................................................................15
2.5.1. FUNCTION (YELLOW) BUTTONS .....................................................................................................................................................15
2.5.2. NAVIGATION BUTTONS....................................................................................................................................................................15
2.5.3. MODE BUTTONS...............................................................................................................................................................................15
2.5.4. OTHER BUTTONS.............................................................................................................................................................................16
2.6. CONNECTORS..............................................................................................................................................................................................16
2.6.1. CONNECTION TERMINALS ..............................................................................................................................................................16
2.6.2. SIDE CONNECTORS.........................................................................................................................................................................17
2.7. POWER SUPPLY...........................................................................................................................................................................................17
2.8. ABBREVIATIONS ..........................................................................................................................................................................................17
3. OPERATION............................................................................................................................................................................................................19
3.1. START-UP .....................................................................................................................................................................................................19
3.2. CONFIGURATION .........................................................................................................................................................................................19
3.3. LEADS INSTALLATION .................................................................................................................................................................................20
3.3.1. SINGLE-PHASE NETWORK ..............................................................................................................................................................21
3.3.2. SPLIT-PHASE NETWORK .................................................................................................................................................................21
3.3.3. THREE-PHASE NETWORK ...............................................................................................................................................................21
3.3.4. CONNECTION ...................................................................................................................................................................................22
3.4. INSTRUMENT FUNCTIONS ..........................................................................................................................................................................22
3.4.1. WAVEFORM CAPTURE ....................................................................................................................................................................22
3.4.2. HARMONICS DISPLAY......................................................................................................................................................................22
3.4.3. WAVEFORM MEASUREMENTS........................................................................................................................................................22
3.4.4. ALARM RECORDING.........................................................................................................................................................................22
3.4.5. RECORDING .....................................................................................................................................................................................22
3.4.6. ENERGY MEASUREMENTS..............................................................................................................................................................22
4. CONFIGURATION ...................................................................................................................................................................................................23
4.1. CONFIGURATION MENU ..............................................................................................................................................................................23
4.2. DISPLAY LANGUAGE ...................................................................................................................................................................................23
4.3. DATE/TIME....................................................................................................................................................................................................23
4.4. DISPLAY .....................................................................................................................................................................................................24
4.4.1. BRIGHTNESS ....................................................................................................................................................................................24
4.4.2. COLORS ...........................................................................................................................................................................................24
4.4.3. DISPLAY SHUTDOWN ......................................................................................................................................................................24
4.4.4. NIGHT MODE ....................................................................................................................................................................................25
4.5. CALCULATION METHODS............................................................................................................................................................................25
4.5.1. NON-ACTIVE QUANTITIES CALCULATION......................................................................................................................................25
4.5.2. UNITS OF ENERGY...........................................................................................................................................................................26
4.5.3. K FACTOR..........................................................................................................................................................................................26
4.5.4. PHASE HARMONICS.........................................................................................................................................................................27
4.5.5. LONG-TERM FLICKER (PLT).............................................................................................................................................................27
4.6. CONNECTION ...............................................................................................................................................................................................28
4.7. SENSORS AND RATIOS ...............................................................................................................................................................................32
4.7.1. CURRENT SENSORS AND RATIOS..................................................................................................................................................32
4.7.2. VOLTAGE RATIOS.............................................................................................................................................................................32
4.8. CAPTURE MODE ..........................................................................................................................................................................................33
4.8.1. TRANSIENT VOLTAGE THRESHOLDS ..............................................................................................................................................33
4.8.2. TRANSIENT CURRENT THRESHOLDS............................................................................................................................................34
4.8.3. INRUSH CURRENT THRESHOLDS ...................................................................................................................................................35
4.9. TREND MODE ...............................................................................................................................................................................................35
4.10. ALARM MODE .............................................................................................................................................................................................37
4.11. ERASE MEMORY ........................................................................................................................................................................................38
4.12. ABOUT .....................................................................................................................................................................................................39

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5. WAVEFORM CAPTURE...........................................................................................................................................................................................40
5.1. TRANSIENT MODE .......................................................................................................................................................................................40
5.1.1. CONFIGURING AND STARTING A SEARCH.....................................................................................................................................41
5.1.2. DISPLAYING A TRANSIENT..............................................................................................................................................................41
5.1.3. DELETING A SEARCH FOR TRANSIENTS .......................................................................................................................................42
5.1.4. DELETE A TRANSIENT .....................................................................................................................................................................42
5.2. INRUSH CURRENT MODE............................................................................................................................................................................43
5.2.1. CONFIGURING THE CAPTURE ........................................................................................................................................................43
5.2.2. CAPTURE PARAMETERS.................................................................................................................................................................44
5.2.3. TRUE RMS CURRENT AND VOLTAGE .............................................................................................................................................44
5.2.4. INSTANTANEOUS INRUSH CURRENT .............................................................................................................................................46
6. HARMONICS .....................................................................................................................................................................................................48
6.1. PHASE-TO-NEUTRAL VOLTAGE...................................................................................................................................................................48
6.1.1. 3L PHASE-TO-NEUTRAL VOLTAGE HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN.............................................................................................48
6.1.2. L1 PHASE VOLTAGE HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN ....................................................................................................................49
6.2. CURRENT .....................................................................................................................................................................................................49
6.2.1. 3L CURRENT HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN................................................................................................................................49
6.2.2. L1 CURRENT HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN................................................................................................................................50
6.3. APPARENT POWER......................................................................................................................................................................................50
6.3.1. 3L APPARENT POWER HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN ................................................................................................................50
6.3.2. L1 APPARENT POWER HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN ................................................................................................................51
6.4. PHASE-TO-PHASE VOLTAGE .......................................................................................................................................................................51
6.4.1. 3L PHASE-TO-PHASE VOLTAGE HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN .................................................................................................51
6.4.2. L1 PHASE-TO-PHASE VOLTAGE HARMONICS DISPLAY SCREEN................................................................................................52
6.5. EXPERT MODE .............................................................................................................................................................................................52
6.5.1. PHASE-TO-NEUTRAL VOLTAGE EXPERT MODE DISPLAY SCREEN .............................................................................................52
6.5.2. CURRENT EXPERT MODE DISPLAY SCREEN.................................................................................................................................53
7. WAVEFORM .....................................................................................................................................................................................................54
7.1. TRUE RMS ....................................................................................................................................................................................................54
7.1.1. 3U RMS DISPLAY SCREEN ...............................................................................................................................................................55
7.1.2. 4V RMS DISPLAY SCREEN ...............................................................................................................................................................55
7.1.3. 4A RMS DISPLAY SCREEN ...............................................................................................................................................................55
7.1.4. RMS DISPLAY SCREEN FOR THE NEUTRAL...................................................................................................................................56
7.2. TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION .................................................................................................................................................................56
7.2.1. 3U THD DISPLAY SCREEN ...............................................................................................................................................................56
7.2.2. 4V THD DISPLAY SCREEN................................................................................................................................................................56
7.2.3. 4A THD DISPLAY SCREEN................................................................................................................................................................57
7.3. PEAK FACTOR ..............................................................................................................................................................................................57
7.3.1. 3U CF DISPLAY SCREEN ..................................................................................................................................................................57
7.3.2. 4V CF DISPLAY SCREEN..................................................................................................................................................................57
7.3.3. 4A CF DISPLAY SCREEN ..................................................................................................................................................................58
7.4. MAX - MIN AND MEAN VOLTAGE AND CURRENT ........................................................................................................................................58
7.4.1. 3U MAX-MIN DISPLAY SCREEN........................................................................................................................................................58
7.4.2. 4V MAX.-MIN. DISPLAY SCREEN......................................................................................................................................................59
7.4.3. 4A MAX.-MIN. DISPLAY SCREEN......................................................................................................................................................59
7.4.4. L1 MAX.-MIN. DISPLAY SCREEN ......................................................................................................................................................59
7.4.5. NEUTRAL MAX.-MIN. DISPLAY SCREEN.........................................................................................................................................60
7.5. SIMULTANEOUS DISPLAY ...........................................................................................................................................................................60
7.5.1. 3U SIMULTANEOUS DISPLAY SCREEN ...........................................................................................................................................60
7.5.2. 4V SIMULTANEOUS DISPLAY SCREEN ...........................................................................................................................................60
7.5.3. 4A SIMULTANEOUS DISPLAY SCREEN ...........................................................................................................................................61
7.5.4. L1 SIMULTANEOUS DISPLAY SCREEN............................................................................................................................................61
7.5.5. SCREEN FOR SIMULTANEOUS DISPLAY OF NEUTRAL..................................................................................................................61
7.6. PHASOR DIAGRAM.......................................................................................................................................................................................62
7.6.1. 3V PHASOR.......................................................................................................................................................................................62
7.6.2. 3U PHASOR DIAGRAM DISPLAY SCREEN.......................................................................................................................................62
7.6.3. 3A PHASOR DIAGRAM DISPLAY SCREEN.......................................................................................................................................62
7.6.4. L1 PHASOR DIAGRAM DISPLAY SCREEN .......................................................................................................................................63
8. ALARM MODE .....................................................................................................................................................................................................64
8.1. ALARM MODE CONFIGURATION.................................................................................................................................................................64
8.2. ALARM CAMPAIGN CONFIGURATION...........................................................................................................................................................64
8.3. CAMPAIGNS LIST ..........................................................................................................................................................................................65
8.4. ALARMS LIST ................................................................................................................................................................................................65
8.5. DELETING AN ALARM CAMPAIGN................................................................................................................................................................65
8.6. ERASING ALL ALARMCAMPAIGNS..............................................................................................................................................................65
9. TREND MODE .....................................................................................................................................................................................................66
9.1. CONFIGURING AND STARTING A RECORDING ..........................................................................................................................................66
9.2. TREND MODE CONFIGURATION.................................................................................................................................................................66
9.3. VIEWING THE RECORDING LIST.................................................................................................................................................................67
9.4. DELETING RECORDINGS ............................................................................................................................................................................67
9.5. VIEWING RECORDS .....................................................................................................................................................................................67
9.5.1. RECORDING PARAMETERS ............................................................................................................................................................67
9.5.2. TREND GRAPHS ...............................................................................................................................................................................68

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10. POWER AND ENERGY MODE ..............................................................................................................................................................................74
10.1. 3L FILTER....................................................................................................................................................................................................74
10.1.1. POWERS DISPLAY SCREEN.............................................................................................................................................................74
10.1.2. QUANTITIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE POWERS DISPLAY SCREEN .............................................................................................74
10.1.3. ENERGIES CONSUMED DISPLAY SCREEN.....................................................................................................................................75
10.1.4. ENERGIES GENERATED DISPLAY SCREEN ...................................................................................................................................75
10.2. FILTERS L1, L2 AND L3 ...............................................................................................................................................................................75
10.2.1. POWERS AND ASSOCIATED QUANTITIES DISPLAY SCREEN.......................................................................................................75
10.2.2. ENERGY METERS DISPLAY SCREEN..............................................................................................................................................76
10.3. FILTER Σ .....................................................................................................................................................................................................76
10.3.1. TOTAL POWERS AND ASSOCIATED QUANTITIES DISPLAY SCREEN ...........................................................................................76
10.3.2. TOTAL ENERGY METERS DISPLAY SCREEN ..................................................................................................................................77
10.4. START ENERGY METERING ......................................................................................................................................................................77
10.5. STOP ENERGY METERING ........................................................................................................................................................................78
10.6. RESET ENERGY METERING......................................................................................................................................................................78
11. SCREEN SNAPSHOT MODE ................................................................................................................................................................................79
11.1. SCREEN SNAPSHOTS ...............................................................................................................................................................................79
11.2. HANDLING SCREEN SNAPSHOTS ............................................................................................................................................................79
11.2.1. VIEWING A SNAPSHOT ....................................................................................................................................................................79
11.2.2. DELETING A SNAPSHOT..................................................................................................................................................................79
12. HELP BUTTON .....................................................................................................................................................................................................80
13. DATAVIEW®SOFTWARE .......................................................................................................................................................................................81
13.1. INSTALLING DATAVIEW®...........................................................................................................................................................................81
13.2. POWERPAD III CONTROL PANEL..............................................................................................................................................................82
13.3. CONNECTING TO A COMPUTER...............................................................................................................................................................82
14. GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS ...............................................................................................................................................................................83
14.1. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS................................................................................................................................................................83
14.2. MECHANICAL CONDITIONS.......................................................................................................................................................................83
14.3. OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORIES PER IEC 61010-1 ......................................................................................................................................83
14.4. ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY.......................................................................................................................................................84
14.5. POWER SUPPLY .........................................................................................................................................................................................84
14.5.1. EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY............................................................................................................................................................84
14.5.2. BATTERY POWER SUPPLY ..............................................................................................................................................................84
14.5.3. CONSUMPTION.................................................................................................................................................................................84
14.5.4. BATTERY LIFE ..................................................................................................................................................................................84
14.5.5. DISPLAY UNIT...................................................................................................................................................................................84
15. FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS..........................................................................................................................................................................85
15.1. REFERENCE CONDITIONS ........................................................................................................................................................................85
15.2. NOMINAL CURRENT ACCORDING TO TYPE OF SENSOR .......................................................................................................................85
15.3. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS .............................................................................................................................................................86
15.3.1. VOLTAGE INPUT CHARACTERISTICS .............................................................................................................................................86
15.3.2. CURRENT INPUT CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................................................................86
15.3.3. BANDWIDTH......................................................................................................................................................................................86
15.3.4. INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATIONS (EXCLUDING CURRENT SENSOR) ............................................................................................86
15.3.5. CURRENT SENSOR SPECIFICATIONS (AFTER LINEARIZATION) .................................................................................................95
15.4. CLASS B UNDER STANDARD IEC 61000-4-30 ...........................................................................................................................................96
15.4.1. INSTRUMENT CONFORMITY ...........................................................................................................................................................96
15.4.2. UNCERTAINTIES AND MEASUREMENT RANGES ..........................................................................................................................96
15.4.3. REAL-TIME CLOCK UNCERTAINTY .................................................................................................................................................96
16. MAINTENANCE.....................................................................................................................................................................................................97
16.1. CLEANING THE CASING ............................................................................................................................................................................97
16.2. SENSORS....................................................................................................................................................................................................97
16.3. BATTERY REPLACEMENT...........................................................................................................................................................................97
16.4. MEMORY CARD ..........................................................................................................................................................................................99
16.5. FIRMWARE UPDATE ................................................................................................................................................................................100
REPAIR AND CALIBRATION ...................................................................................................................................................................................101
TECHNICAL AND SALES ASSISTANCE .................................................................................................................................................................101
LIMITED WARRANTY ...............................................................................................................................................................................................101

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. DELIVERY CONDITION
NOTE: After receiving your PowerPad®III Model 8436, charge and discharge the instrument one or two cycles to ensure
the battery indicator is accurate.
Ensure the contents shipped are consistent with the packing list. Notify your distributor of any missing items. If the equipment appears
damaged, file a claim immediately with the carrier and notify your distributor at once. Save the damaged packing container to
substantiate your claim. Do not use equipment which is damaged or appears to bedamaged.
1.2. ORDERING INFORMATION
PowerPad®III Model 8436 (No Sensors - Waterproof IP67).....................................................................................…… Cat. #2136.43
Includes extra-large tool bag, accessory pouch, 5 ft (1.5m) USB cable, five 10 ft black voltage leads with alligator clips, 110V US
power cord, NiMH battery, twelve color-coded input ID markers, quick start guide, high-voltage warning/caution card, and a USB drive
containing DataView®software and user manual
PowerPad®III Model 8436 (AmpFlex® - Waterproof IP67).............................................................................................. Cat. #2136.44
Includes all items listed in Cat. #2136.43 above, as well as four water-tight IP67 AmpFlex®196A-24-BK with documentation.
1.3. ACCESSORIES (not IP67)
10 ft USB cable...................................................................................................................................................................Cat. #2136.80
AC/DC Current Probe Model SL261* (10A-100mV/A, 100A-10mV/A, BNC) .....................................................................Cat. #1201.51
*Adapter - BNC Adapter (mandatory if using an SL261 w/ the 8436).................................................................................Cat. #2140.40
AC Current Probe Model MR193-BK..................................................................................................................................Cat. #2140.28
AC Current Probe Model MN93-BK....................................................................................................................................Cat. #2140.32
AC Current Probe Model SR193-BK ................................................................................................................................. Cat. #2140.33
AC Current Probe Model MN193-BK .................................................................................................................................Cat. #2140.36
MiniFlex® Sensor 10" Model MA193-10-BK ...................................................................................................... Cat. #2140.48
AC/DC Current Probe Model J93-BK…….......................................................................................................................... Cat. #2140.49
MiniFlex® Sensor 14” Model MA193-14-BK........................................................................................................................ Cat. #2140.50
1.4. REPLACEMENT PARTS
Extra Large Classic Tool Bag ............................................................................................................................................ Cat. #2133.73
Battery 9.6V NiMH.............................................................................................................................................................. Cat. #2140.19
Set of 12, Color-coded Input ID Markers ........................................................................................................................... Cat. #2140.45
5 ft USB cable..................................................................................................................................................................... Cat. #2140.46
Accessory Pouch (accessories not included) .................................................................................................................... Cat. #2140.72
Lead – One 10 ft (3M) Black Lead (Waterproof cap) {Rated 1000V CAT IV} &
One Black Alligator Clip {Rated 1000V CAT IV, 15A} ....................................................................................................... Cat. #2140.73
AmpFlex® Sensor 24" Model 196A-24-BK.......................................................................................................................... Cat. #2140.75
Power Cord 110V (IP67).....................................................................................................................................................Cat. #5000.63
Line power cord 110-1000V DC to 440Hz.......................................................................................................................... Cat. #5000.89

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1.5. BATTERY CHARGING
Before first use, fully charge the battery.
120 V ± 10 %, 60 Hz
230 V ± 10 %, 50 Hz
1. Remove the connector cover on the instrument (see Figure 1-1).
2. Connect the AC power cord and screw it in place.
3. Plug the power cord into a power outlet.
The button lights; it will go out only when the plug is disconnected.
When the battery is fully discharged, charging takes approximately 5
hours.
Figure 1-1
It is also possible to charge the battery using the voltage on the voltage measurement terminals. To do this: with the connector cover
removed, connect the power supply cord to the battery charging connector and the two safety-series banana plugs with rear-mounted
sockets to any two of the phases (L1, L2, L3).
Figure 1-2
To make measurements while charging the battery, connect the measurement leads to the terminals and to the safety- series banana
plugs with rear-mounted sockets.
Figure 1-3

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1.6. LANGUAGE SELECTION
Before using the instrument, choose the language in which you want the instrument to display its messages.
Figure 1-4
1. Press the button to turn the instrument ON.
2. Press the Configuration button. This displays the Configuration menu
(Figure 1-4).
3. At the bottom of the screen are the language options. Press the function
button that corresponds with the desired language. (The selected language
appears in yellow.) If the desired language is not displayed, press the
button to view additional options.

10
2. DESCRIPTION
2.1. FUNCTIONS
The Model 8436 a three-phase network analyzer with color graphic display and built-in rechargeable battery. The instrument:
■measures RMS values, powers, and perturbations of electric distribution networks
■delivers a snapshot of the principal characteristics of a three-phase network
■tracks variations of various parameters over time
■provides IP67 (watertight) operation
The measurement uncertainty of the Model 8436 is better than 1% (excluding uncertainties due to connected sensors). The instrument
is also versatile, with a choice of sensors providing measurements ranging from a few mA (MN193) to several kA (AmpFlex®).
The instrument is compact and impact resistant, with a simple and easy-to-use interface. It is designed for technicians and engineers
performing electrical network installation, inspection and maintenance.
2.1.1. MEASUREMENTS
The Model 8436 measures:
■RMS values of AC voltages up to 1000V between terminals. By using the ratios, the instrument can measure voltages up to
hundreds of gigavolts.
■RMS values of AC currents up to 10,000A (neutral included). By using the ratios, the instrument can measure currents up to
hundreds of kiloamperes.
■DC components of voltages and currents (neutral included).
■Minimum and maximum half-cycle RMS voltage and current values (excluding neutral).
■Peak voltage and current values (neutral included).
■Frequency of 50Hz and 60Hz networks.
■Current and voltage peak factors (neutral included).
■Harmonic loss factor (FHL), application to transformers in the presence of harmonic currents.
■K factor (FK), application to transformers in the presence of harmonic currents.
■Total harmonic distortion with respect to the fundamental (THD in %f) of the current and of the voltages (excluding neutral).
■Total harmonic distortion with respect to the RMS AC value (THD in %r) for the current and the voltages (neutral included).
■Active, reactive (capacitive and inductive), non-active, distortion, and apparent power, by phase and cumulative (excluding
neutral).
■Power factor (PF) and displacement factor (DPF) or cos Φ (excluding neutral).
■RMS distortion value (d) for the current and the voltages (excluding neutral).
■Short-term voltage flicker (PST) (excluding neutral).
■Long-term voltage flicker (PLT) (excluding neutral).
■Active, reactive (capacitive and inductive), non-active, distortion, and apparent energy (excluding neutral).
■Current and voltage harmonics (excluding neutral) up to order 50: RMS value, percentage referred to the fundamental, (%f)
(excluding neutral), or the total RMS value (%r), minimum and maximum and sequence harmonics.
■Apparent harmonic power up to order 50 (excluding neutral): percentages referred to the fundamental apparent power (%f) or
the total apparent power (%r), minimum and maximum of a rank.
■Inrush currents, starting of motors.