Agilent Technologies 81480A User manual

S1
Agilent 81480A and
Agilent 81680A, 81640A, 81682A, 81642A, & 81689A
Tunable Laser Modules
User’s Guide

2Agilent 81480A and 81680A, 40A, 82A, 42A, & 89A Tunable Laser Modules User’s Guide,
Sixth Edition
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Copyright 2001 by:
Agilent Technologies Deutschland GmbH
Herrenberger Str. 130
71034 Böblingen
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New editions are complete revisions of the guide
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Control Serial Number: First Edition applies directly to
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for a period of one year from date of shipment. During
the warranty period, Agilent will, at its option, either
repair or replace products that prove to be defective.
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Limitation of Warranty
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Certification
Agilent Technologies Inc. certifies that this product met
its published specifications at the time of shipment from
the factory.
Agilent Technologies further certifies that its calibration
measurements are traceable to the nited States
National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST
(formerly the nited States National Bureau of
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Sixth Edition
81680-90014 E0101
First Edition:
E0599: May 1999
Second Edition:
E1099: October 1999
Third Edition:
E1299: December 1999
Fourth Edition:
E0300: March 2000
Fifth Edition:
E0900: September 2000
Sixth Edition:
E0101: January 2001

Safety Summary
Agilent 81480A and 81680A, 40A, 82A, 42A, & 89A Tunable Laser Modules User’s Guide, Sixth Edition 3
Safety Summary
The following general safety precautions must be observed during all
phases of operation, service, and repair of this instrument. Failure to
comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in
this manual violates safety standards of design, manufacture, and
intended use of the instrument. Agilent Technologies Inc. assumes no
liability for the customer’s failure to comply with these requirements.
Before operation, review the instrument and manual, including the
red safety page, for safety markings and instructions. You must follow
these to ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in safe
condition.
WARNING The WARNING sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure,
practice or the like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to,
could result in injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a
WARNING sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and
met.
Safety Symbols
The apparatus will be marked with this symbol when it is necessary
for the user to refer to the instruction manual in order to protect the
apparatus against damage.
Hazardous laser radiation.
Initial Inspection
Inspect the shipping container for damage. If there is damage to the
container or cushioning, keep them until you have checked the
contents of the shipment for completeness and verified the instrument
both mechanically and electrically.
The Performance Tests give procedures for checking the operation of
the instrument. If the contents are incomplete, mechanical damage or
defect is apparent, or if an instrument does not pass the operator’s
checks, notify the nearest Agilent Technologies Sales/Service Office.
WARNING To avoid hazardous electrical shock, do not perform electrical tests
when there are signs of shipping damage to any portion of the outer
enclosure (covers, panels, etc.).

Safety Summary
4Agilent 81480A and 81680A, 40A, 82A, 42A, & 89A Tunable Laser Modules User’s Guide,
Sixth Edition
WARNING You MUST return instruments with malfunctioning laser modules to
an Agilent Technologies Sales/Service Center for repair and
calibration.
Line Power Requirements
The Agilent 81480A, Agilent 81680A, Agilent 81640A, Agilent 81682A,
Agilent 81642A, & Agilent 81689A Tunable Laser Modules operate
when installed in the Agilent 8164A Lightwave Measurement System.
The Agilent 81689A also operates when installed in the Agilent 8163A
Lightwave Multimeter or Agilent 8166A Lightwave Multichannel
System.
Operating Environment
The safety information in the Agilent 8163A Lightwave Multimeter,
Agilent 8164A Lightwave Measurement System, & Agilent 8166A
Lightwave Multichannel System ser’s Guide summarizes the
operating ranges for the Agilent 81480A, Agilent 81680A,
Agilent 81640A, Agilent 81682A, Agilent 81642A, & Agilent 81689A
Tunable Laser Modules. In order for these modules to meet
specifications, the operating environment must be within the limits
specified for your mainframe.
Input/Output Signals
CAUTION There are two BNC connectors on the front panel of the
Agilent 81480A, Agilent 81680A, Agilent 81640A, Agilent 81682A, and
Agilent 81642A; a BNC input connector and a BNC output connector.
There is one BNC connector on the front panel of the Agilent 81689A -
a BNC input connector.
An absolute maximum of ±6 V can be applied as an external voltage to
any BNC connector.
Storage and Shipment
This module can be stored or shipped at temperatures between
−40°C and +70°C. Protect the module from temperature extremes that
may cause condensation within it.

Safety Summary
Agilent 81480A and 81680A, 40A, 82A, 42A, & 89A Tunable Laser Modules User’s Guide, Sixth Edition 5
Initial Safety Information for Tunable Laser
Modules
The Specifications for these modules are as follows:
Table 1 Tunable Laser Modules Laser Safety Information
Agilent 81480A Agilent 81680A Agilent 81640A Agilent 81682A Agilent 81642A Agilent 81689A
Laser Type FP-Laser
InGaAsP
FP-Laser
InGaAsP
FP-Laser
InGaAsP
FP-Laser
InGaAsP
FP-Laser
InGaAsP
FP-Laser
InGaAsP
Wavelength range 1370-1480 nm 1400-1670 nm 1400-1670 nm 1400-1670 nm 1400-1670 nm 1400-1670 nm
Max. CW output power* <15 mW <15 mW <15 mW <15 mW <15 mW <15 mW
Beam waist diameter 9 µm9µm9µm9µm9µm9µm
Numerical aperture 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Laser Class according to
IEC 60825-1 (1998)- International
3A 3A 3A 3A 3A 3A
Max. permissible CW output
power - IEC**
50 mW 50 mW 50 mW 50 mW 50 mW 50 mW
Laser Class according to
FDA 21 CFR 1040.10 (1995) - USA
IIIb IIIb IIIb IIIb IIIb IIIb
Max. permissible CW output
power - FDA**
500 mW 500 mW 500 mW 500 mW 500 mW 500 mW
* Max. CW output power is defined as the highest possible optical power that the laser source can produce at its output connector.
** Max. permissible CW output power is the highest optical power that is permitted within the appropriate laser class.

Safety Summary
6Agilent 81480A and 81680A, 40A, 82A, 42A, & 89A Tunable Laser Modules User’s Guide,
Sixth Edition
Laser Safety Labels
These laser safety warning labels are fixed on the outside of the
Agilent 8164A Lightwave Measurement System before shipment.
Figure 1 USA Safety Labels (81480A, 81680A, 81640A, 81682A, 81642A, 81689A)
These laser safety warning labels are fixed on the outside of the Agilent 8164A
Lightwave Measurement System before shipment.
Figure 2 Non-USA Safety Labels (81480A, 81680A, 81640A, 81682A, 81642A, 81689A)

Safety Summary
Agilent 81480A and 81680A, 40A, 82A, 42A, & 89A Tunable Laser Modules User’s Guide, Sixth Edition 7
A sheet of laser safety warning labels are included with the
instrument. You MUST stick the labels in the local language onto the
outside of the instrument, in a position where they are clearly visible
to anyone using the instrument.
These labels are applied in these positions to every Agilent 81480A,
Agilent 81680A, Agilent 81640A, Agilent 81682A, and Agilent 81642A
Tunable Laser Module before shipment.
These labels are applied in these positions to every Agilent 81689A
Tunable Laser Module before shipment.
Figure 3 Position of Safety Labels on Backloadable Tunable Laser Modules
See page 6See page 6
Top View
Figure 4 Position of Safety Labels on Agilent 81689A Tunable Laser Module
See page 6
See page 6
See page 6
See page 6

Safety Summary
8Agilent 81480A and 81680A, 40A, 82A, 42A, & 89A Tunable Laser Modules User’s Guide,
Sixth Edition
WARNING Please pay attention to the following laser safety warnings:
• nder no circumstances look into the end of an optical cable
attached to the optical output when the device is operational. The
laser radiation can seriously damage your eyesight.
• Do not enable the laser when there is no fiber attached to the optical
output connector.
• The laser is enabled by pressing the gray button close to the optical
output connector on the front panel of the module. The laser is on
when the green LED on the front panel of the instrument is lit.
• The use of optical instruments with this product will increase eye
hazard.
• The laser module has a built-in safety circuitry which will disable
the optical output in the case of a fault condition.
WARNING Refer Servicing only to qualified and authorized personnel.

The Structure of this Manual
Agilent 81480A and 81680A, 40A, 82A, 42A, & 89A Tunable Laser Modules User’s Guide, Sixth Edition 9
The Structure of this Manual
This manual is divided into two categories:
• Getting Started
This section gives an introduction to the Tunable Laser modules.
and aims to make these modules familiar to you:
–“Getting Started with Tunable Laser Sources on page 21.
• Additional Information
This is supporting information of a non-operational nature. this
contains information concerning accessories, specifications, and
performance tests:
– “Accessories on page 31,
–“Specifications on page 39, and
–“Performance Tests on page 57.
Conventions used in this manual
• Hardkeys are indicated by italics, for example, Config, or Channel.
• Softkeys are indicated by normal text enclosed in square brackets,
for example, [Zoom] or [Cancel].
• Parameters are indicated by italics enclosed by square brackets, for
example, [Range Mode], or [MinMax Mode].
• Menu items are indicated by italics enclosed in brackets, for
example, <MinMax>, or <Continuous>.

The Structure of this Manual
10 Agilent 81480A and 81680A, 40A, 82A, 42A, & 89A Tunable Laser Modules User’s Guide,
Sixth Edition

Ta b l e o f C o n t e n t s
Agilent 81480A and 81680A, 40A, 82A, 42A, & 89A Tunable Laser Modules User’s Guide, Sixth Edition 11
Ta bl e o f C o nt e nt s
Safety Summary 3
Safety Symbols 3
Initial Inspection 3
Line Power Requirements 4
Operating Environment 4
Input/Output Signals 4
Storage and Shipment 4
Initial Safety Information for Tunable Laser Modules 5
Laser Safety Labels 6
The Structure of this Manual 9
Conventions used in this manual 9
Getting Started with Tunable Laser Sources 21
What is a Tunable Laser ? 23
Agilent 81480A, 81680A/82A/40A/42A Tunable Laser Modules
24
Agilent 81689A Tunable Laser Module 26
Optical Output 27
Polarization Maintaining Fiber 27
Angled and Straight Contact Connectors 27
Signal Input and Output 29
Accessories 31
Modules and Options 33
Modules 34
User’s Guides 35
Options 35
Option 003 - Agilent 81682A, Agilent 81642A 35
Option 021 - Agilent 81689A 35
Option 022 - Agilent 81689A 36
Option 071 - All Tunable Laser Modules 36
Option 072 - All Tunable Laser Modules 36
Connector Interfaces and Other Accessories 36
Options 071, 021: Straight Contact Connectors 36

Table of Co nt ents
12 Agilent 81480A and 81680A, 40A, 82A, 42A, & 89A Tunable Laser Modules User’s Guide,
Sixth Edition
Options 072, 022: Angled Contact Connectors 37
Specifications 39
Definition of Terms 41
Absolute Wavelength Accuracy 41
Effective Linewidth 41
Linewidth 42
Minimum Output Power 42
Mode-Hop Free Tuning Range 42
Modulation Extinction Ratio 42
Modulation Frequency Range 43
Output Power 43
Output Isolation 43
Peak Power 43
Polarization Extinction Ratio 43
Power Flatness Over Modulation 44
Power Flatness Versus Wavelength 44
Power Linearity 44
Power Repeatability 44
Power Stability 45
Relative Intensity Noise (RIN) 45
Relative Wavelength Accuracy 45
Return Loss 45
Sidemode Suppression Ratio 46
Signal-to-Source Spontaneous Emission (SSE) Ratio 46
Signal-to-Total-Source Spontaneous Emission 46
Wavelength Range 47
Wavelength Repeatability 47
Wavelength Resolution 47
Wavelength Stability 47
Tunable Laser Module Specifications 48
Supplementary Performance Characteristics 54
Operating Modes 54
Internal Digital Modulation 1 54
External Digital Modulation 1 54
External Analog Modulation 1 54
External Wavelength Locking (Agilent 81680A/40A/82A/42A) 54
Coherence Control (Agilent 81680A/40A/82A/42A) 54
Continuous Sweep (Agilent 81680A/40A/82A/42A) 55

Ta b l e o f C o n t e n t s
Agilent 81480A and 81680A, 40A, 82A, 42A, & 89A Tunable Laser Modules User’s Guide, Sixth Edition 13
Stepped Mode (Agilent 81680A/40A/82A/42A) 55
General 55
Output Isolation (typ.): 55
Return loss (typ.): 55
Polarization Maintaining Fiber (Options 071, 072): 55
Laser Class: 55
Recalibration Period: 56
Warm-up Time: 56
Environmental 56
Storage Temperature: 56
Operating Temperature: 56
Humidity: 56
Performance Tests 57
Required Test Equipment 59
Test Record 60
Test Failure 60
Instrument Specification 60
Performance Test Instructions 61
General Test Setup 61
Wavelength Tests 61
General Settings of Wavelength Meters for all Wavelength Tests 62
Wavelength Accuracy 62
Relative Wavelength Accuracy 62
Absolute Wavelength Accuracy 64
Mode Hop Free Tuning 64
Wavelength Repeatability 65
Power Tests 67
Calibration of the Agilent 81001FF Attenuation Filter 67
Maximum Output Power 69
Power Linearity 71
Power Linearity - Low Power Test 71
Example (Agilent 81680A Output 1) 73
Power Linearity - High Power Test 73
Power Linearity - Test Using Attenuation 75
Power Flatness over Wavelength 76
Power Flatness over Wavelength - Without Attenuation 76
Power Flatness over Wavelength - Using Attenuation 77
Power Stability 79
Signal-to-Source Spontaneous Emission 81
Signal-to-Source Spontaneous Emission Tests - High Power Outputs

Table of Co nt ents
14 Agilent 81480A and 81680A, 40A, 82A, 42A, & 89A Tunable Laser Modules User’s Guide,
Sixth Edition
81
Signal-to-Source Spontaneous Emission Tests - Low SSE Outputs 83
Signal-to-Total-Source Spontaneous Emission 88
Signal to Total SSE Tests - Low SSE Outputs 89
Optional Test 95
S i g n a l t o To t a l S S E Te s t s - H i g h P o w e r O u t p u ts 9 5
Te s t R e c or d 99
Agilent 81480A Performance Test 99
Test Equipment Used 100
Relative Wavelength Accuracy 101
Mode Hop Free Tuning 103
Wavelength Repeatability 104
Maximum Power Test 105
Power Linearity Output 1, Low SSE 106
Power Linearity Output 2, High Power Upper Power Levels 106
Power Linearity Output 2, High Power by attenuator 107
Power Flatness 108
Power Stability 109
Signal-to-Source Spontaneous Emission - 81480A Output 2, High
Power 109
Signal-to-Source Spontaneous Emission - 81480A Output 1, Low SSE
110
Signal-to-Total-Source Spontaneous Emission - 81480A Output 1, Low
SSE 111
Optional Test: Signal-to-Total-Source Spontaneous Emission - 81480A
Output 2, High Power 111
Agilent 81680A Performance Test 113
Test Equipment Used 114
Relative Wavelength Accuracy 115
Mode Hop Free Tuning 117
Wavelength Repeatability 118
Maximum Power Test 119
Power Linearity Output 1, Low SSE 120
Power Linearity Output 2, High Power Upper Power Levels 120
Power Linearity Output 2, High Power by attenuator 121
Power Flatness 122
Power Stability 123
Signal-to-Source Spontaneous Emission - 81680A Output 2, High
Power 123
Signal-to-Source Spontaneous Emission - 81680A Output 1, Low SSE
124
Signal-to-Total-Source Spontaneous Emission - 81680A Output 1, Low
SSE 125
Optional Test: Signal-to-Total-Source Spontaneous Emission - 81680A

Ta b l e o f C o n t e n t s
Agilent 81480A and 81680A, 40A, 82A, 42A, & 89A Tunable Laser Modules User’s Guide, Sixth Edition 15
Output 2, High Power 125
Agilent 81640A Performance Test 127
Te s t E q u ip m e n t U se d 1 2 8
Relative Wavelength Accuracy 129
Relative Wavelength Accuracy Summary of all Repetitions 130
Relative Wavelength Accuracy Result 130
Absolute Wavelength Accuracy Result 130
Mode Hop Free Tuning 131
Wavelength Repeatability 132
Maximum Power Test 133
Power Linearity Output 1, Low SSE134
Power Linearity Output 2, High Power Upper Power Levels 134
Power Linearity Output 2, High Power by Attenuator 135
Power Flatness 136
Power Stability 137
Signal-to-Source Spontaneous Emission - 81640A Output 2, High
Power 137
Signal-to-Source Spontaneous Emission - 81640A Output 1, Low SSE
138
Signal-to-Total-Source Spontaneous Emission - 81640A Output 1, Low
SSE 139
Optional Test - Signal-to-Total-Source Spontaneous Emission - 81640A
Output 2, High Power 139
Agilent 81682A Performance Test 141
Te s t E q u ip m e n t U se d 1 4 2
Relative Wavelength Accuracy 143
Mode Hop Free Tuning 145
Wavelength Repeatability 146
Maximum Power Test 147
Power Linearity - 81682A 147
Power Linearity 81682A #003 Upper Power Levels 148
Power Linearity 81682A #003 by Attenuator 149
Power Flatness 150
Power Stability 151
Signal-to-Source Spontaneous Emission - 81682A 151
Optional Test: Signal-to-Total-Source Spontaneous Emission - 81682A
152
Agilent 81642A Performance Test 153
Te s t E q u ip m e n t U se d 1 5 4
Relative Wavelength Accuracy 155
Mode Hop Free Tuning 157
Wavelength Repeatability 158
Maximum Power Test 159
Power Linearity - 81642A 159
Power Linearity 81642A #003 Upper Power Levels 160

Table of Co nt ents
16 Agilent 81480A and 81680A, 40A, 82A, 42A, & 89A Tunable Laser Modules User’s Guide,
Sixth Edition
Power Linearity 81642A #003 by Attenuator 161
Power Flatness 162
Power Stability 163
Signal-to-Source Spontaneous Emission - 81642A 163
Optional Test: Signal-to-Total-Source Spontaneous Emission - 81642A
164
Agilent 81689A Performance Test 165
Test Eq uip me nt Us ed 166
Relative Wavelength Accuracy 167
Wavelength Repeatability 168
Maximum Power Test 169
Power Linearity 169
Power Flatness 170
Power Stability 170
Signal-to-Source Spontaneous Emission 170
Cleaning Information 171
Safety Precautions 173
Why is it important to clean optical devices? 173
What do I need for proper cleaning? 174
Standard Cleaning Equipment 174
Dust and shutter caps 174
Isopropyl alcohol 175
Cotton swabs 175
Soft tissues 176
Pipe cleaner 176
Compressed air 176
Additional Cleaning Equipment 177
Microscope with a magnification range about 50X up to 300X 177
Ultrasonic bath 177
Warm water and liquid soap 178
Premoistened cleaning wipes 178
Polymer film 178
Infrared Sensor Card 178
Preserving Connectors 179
Cleaning Instrument Housings 179
Which Cleaning Procedure should I use ? 180
How to clean connectors 180
How to clean connector adapters 181
How to clean connector interfaces 182

Ta b l e o f C o n t e n t s
Agilent 81480A and 81680A, 40A, 82A, 42A, & 89A Tunable Laser Modules User’s Guide, Sixth Edition 17
How to clean bare fiber adapters 183
How to clean lenses 184
How to clean instruments with a fixed connector interface
184
How to clean instruments with an optical glass plate 185
How to clean instruments with a physical contact interface
185
How to clean instruments with a recessed lens interface
186
How to clean optical devices which are sensitive to
mechanical stress and pressure 187
How to clean metal filters or attenuator gratings 188
Additional Cleaning Information 189
How to clean bare fiber ends 189
How to clean large area lenses and mirrors 189
Other Cleaning Hints 191

Table of Co nt ents
18 Agilent 81480A and 81680A, 40A, 82A, 42A, & 89A Tunable Laser Modules User’s Guide,
Sixth Edition

List of Figures
Agilent 81480A and 81680A, 40A, 82A, 42A, & 89A Tunable Laser Modules User’s Guide, Sixth Edition 19
List of Figures
Figure 1 USA Safety Labels (81480A, 81680A, 81640A, 81682A, 81642A, 81689A) . . 6
Figure 2 Non-USA Safety Labels (81480A, 81680A, 81640A, 81682A, 81642A, 81689A) 6
Figure 3 Position of Safety Labels on Backloadable Tunable Laser Modules . . . 7
Figure 4 Position of Safety Labels on Agilent 81689A Tunable Laser Module . . . 7
Figure 5 Agilent 81480A Tunable Laser Module (straight contact connectors) . . . 24
Figure 6 Agilent 81680A Tunable Laser Module (straight contact connectors) . . . 24
Figure 7 Agilent 81682A Tunable Laser Module (straight contact connector) . . . 24
Figure 8 Agilent 81640A Tunable Laser Module (straight contact connectors) . . . 24
Figure 9 Agilent 81642A Tunable Laser Module (straight contact connectors) . . . 24
Figure 10 Agilent 81689A Tunable Laser Module . . . . . . . . . . 26
Figure 11 PMF Output Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Figure 12 Angled and Straight Contact Connector Symbols . . . . . . . . 28
Figure 13 Agilent 81682A Tunable Laser Module (angled contact connector) . . . 28
Figure 14 Mainframes, Tunable Laser Modules, and Options . . . . . . . 33
Figure 15 Options 021, 071: Single-mode fiber/PMF with Straight Contact Connectors . 37
Figure 16 Options 022, 072: Single-mode fiber/PMF with Angled Contact Connectors . 38
Figure 17 Test Setup for Wavelength Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Figure 18 Calibration of the Agilent 81001FF Attenuation Filter, Reference Setup . . 67
Figure 19 Test Setup for Calibrating the Agilent 81001FF Attenuation Filter . . . . 68
Figure 20 Test Setup for the Maximum Output Power Tests. . . . . . . . 69
Figure 21 Test Setup for Low Power Linearity Tests. . . . . . . . . . 71
Figure 22 Test Setup for the Source Spontaneous Emission Test - High Power Outputs . 81
Figure 23 Transmission Characteristic of Fiber Bragg Grating . . . . . . . 84
Figure 24 Signal-to-Spectral SSE Measurement . . . . . . . . . . 84
Figure 25 Test Setup for Source Spontaneous Emission Test . . . . . . . 85

List of Figures
20 Agilent 81480A and 81680A, 40A, 82A, 42A, & 89A Tunable Laser Modules User’s Guide,
Sixth Edition