Agilent Technologies E4412A Operation manual

A
Errata
This manual may contain references to HP or Hewlett-Packard. Please note that Hewlett-Packard's former test
and measurement, semiconductor products and chemical analysis businesses are now part of Agilent
Technologies. To reduce potential confusion, the only change to product numbers and names has been in the
company name prefix: where a product number/name was HP XXXX the current name/number is now Agilent
XXXX. For example, model number HP8648 is now model number Agilent 8648.
Ce manuel peut contenir des références à <<HP>> ou <<Hewlett-Packard.>> Veuillez noter que les produits de
test et mesure, de semi-conducteur et d'analyse chimique qui avaient fait partie de la société Hewlett-Packard
sont maintenent une partie de la société Agilent Technologies. Pour reduire la confusion potentielle, le seul
changement aux noms de reference a été dans le préfixe de nom de société : là où un nom de référence était HP
XXXX, le nouveau nom de référence est maintenant Agilent XXXX. Par example, le HP 8648 s'appelle
maintenent Agilent 8648.
Diese Gebrauchsanweiseung kann Bezug nehmen auf die Namen HP oder Hewlett-Packard. Bitte beachten Sie,
dass ehemalige Betriebsbereiche von Hewlett-Packard wie HP-Halbleiterprodukte, HP-chemische Analysen
oder HP-Test- und Messwesen nun zu der Firma Agilent Technology gehören. Um Verwirrung zu vermeiden
wurde lediglich bei Produktname und - Nummer der vo laufende Firmenname geändert: Produkte mit dem
Namen/Nummer HP XXXX lauten nun mehr Agilent XXXX. Z.B, das Modell HP 8648 heißt nun Agilent 8648.
Questo manuale potrebbe contenere riferimenti ad HP o Hewlett-Packard. Si noti che le attività precedentemente
gestite da Hewlett-Packard nel campo di Test & Misura, Semiconduttori, ed Analisi Chimica sono ora diventate
parte di Agilent Technologies. Al fine di ridurre il rischio di confusione, l'unica modifica effettuata sui numeri di
prodotto e sui nomi ha riguardato il prefisso con il nome dell'azienda : dove precedentemente compariva "HP
XXXX" compare ora "Agilent XXXX". Ad esempio: il modello HP8648 è ora indicato come Agilent 8648.
Este manual puede hacer referencias a HP o Hewlett Packard. Las organizaciones de Prueba y Medición (Test
and Measurement), Semiconductores (Semiconductor Products) y Análisis Químico (Chemical Analysis) que
pertenecían a Hewlett Packard, ahora forman parte de Agilent Technologies. Para reducir una potencial
confusión, el único cambio en el número de producto y nombre, es el prefijo de la compañía: Si el producto solía
ser HP XXXX, ahora pasa a ser Agilent XXXX. Por ejemplo, el modelo HP8648 es ahora Agilent 8648.
5971-2668 Small.fm Page 1 Wednesday, September 22, 2004 2:20 PM
䖭Ͼ᠟ݠ䞠䴶ৃ㛑৿᳝ᚴ᱂݀ৌⱘ䌘᭭DŽ䇋⊼ᛣᚴ᱂݀ৌҹࠡⱘ⌟䆩ˈᇐԧѻ
કˈ࣪ᄺߚᵤ䚼䮼⦄೼ሲѢᅝ᥋Ӻ݀ৌDŽЎњޣᇥৃ㛑ⱘ䇃㾷ˈѻકোⷕৡᄫ
াᬍব᳔ࠡ䴶ⱘ݀ৌৡᄫDŽབᵰϔϾѻકⱘোⷕˋৡᄫҹࠡᰃ+3;;;;ˈ⦄೼ⱘ
োⷕˋৡᄫᰃᅝ᥋Ӻ;;;;DŽ՟བ῵ൟোⷕᰃᚴ᱂˔˒ː˔DŽ⦄೼ᰃ῵ൟোⷕᅝ
᥋Ӻ˔˒ː˔DŽ


マニュアル・チェンジ
変更
本文中の「HP（YHP）」、または「(横河)ヒューレット・パッカード株式会社」とい
う語句を、「Agilent」、または「アジレント・テクノロジー株式会社」と変更して
ください。
ヒューレット・パッカード社の電子計測、半導体製品、化学分析ビジネス部門は分
離独立し、アジレント・テクノロジー社となりました。
社名変更に伴うお客様の混乱を避けるため、製品番号の接頭部のみ変更しておりま
す。
（例: 旧製品名 HP 4294A は、現在 Agilent 4294A として販売いたしておりま
す。）

Operation and Service Guide
Agilent E4412A and E4413A
Power Sensors
HP Part No.
Part No. E4412-90013
Printed in USA
June 13, 2007
© Copyright 1999-2007 Agilent Technologies, Inc.

2
Legal
Legal
The information contained in this document is subject to change without no-
tice. Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this
material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantabil-
ity and fitness for a particular purpose. Agilent Technologies shall not be lia-
ble for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in
connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.
Notice - Hewlett-Packard to Agilent
Technologies Transition
This documentation supports a product that previously shipped under the Hewlett-
Packard company brand name. The brand name has now been changed to Agilent
Technologies. The two products are functionally identical, only our name has
changed. The document still includes references to Hewlett-Packard products, some
of which have been transitioned to Agilent Technologies.

3
Safety Information
Safety Information
WARNING: Warning denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure which, if not
correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or loss of life. Do not
proceed beyond a warning note until the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.
CAUTION: Caution denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure that, if not correctly
performed or adhered to, would result in damage to or destruction of the instrument.
Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.
CAUTION: This product is designed for use in Installation Category II and Pollution Degree 2.
This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publi-
cation 348, Safety Requirements for Electronic Measuring Apparatus, and
has been supplied in a safe condition. The instruction documentation contains
information and warnings which must be followed by the user to ensure safe
operation and to maintain the instrument in a safe condition.
“CSA” The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards
Association.
Notice for Germany: Noise Declaration LpA < 70 dB am Arbeitsplatz (oper-
ator position) normaler Betrieb (normal position) nach DIN 45635 T. 19 (per
ISO 7779).

4
Safety Information

5
1
Operation and Service Guide

6
Operation and Service Guide
Figure 1 E4412A and E4413A Power Sensors (Formerly ECP-E18A
and ECP-E26A, Respectively)

7
Operation and Service Guide
General Information
General Information
This operation and service guide contains information about initial inspec-
tion, operation, performance tests, troubleshooting and repair of the E4412A
and E4413A power sensors.
Warranty
The power sensors are warranted and certified as indicated on the inside
cover of this manual.
Instruments Covered by Manual
These instruments have a two-part serial number: the prefix (two letters and
the first four numbers), and the suffix (the last four numbers). The two letters
identify the country in which the unit was manufactured. The four numbers
of the prefix are a code identifying the date of the last major design change
incorporated in your Agilent Technologies product. The four-digit suffix is a
sequential number and, coupled with the prefix, provides a unique identifica-
tion for each unit produced. The contents of this manual apply directly to all
serial numbers unless otherwise indicated
Description
The E4412A and E4413A power sensors are diode power sensors. They are
intended for measurement of CW microwave power levels in a wide
dynamic range from −70 dBm to +20 dBm (100 pW to 100 mW). The
E4412A measures at frequencies from 10 MHz to 18.0 GHz. The E4413A
measures at frequencies from 50 MHz to 26.5 GHz. These are high-speed
power sensors, and do not incorporate narrow-bandwidth averaging used in
average-power sensors. Signals with digital, pulse, or other forms of ampli-
tude modulation may introduce measurement errors. Multi-tone signals
(containing multiple frequency components), or signals with significant har-
monic content (> −45 dBc) may introduce measurement errors at high power
levels. (Specifications for the power sensors are in Table 1.)

8
Operation and Service Guide
General Information
These power sensors measure CW power, displayed on a compatible power
meter in logarithmic (dBm or dB) or linear (Watts or %) measurement units.
The E4413A is shipped with a 3.5-mm to Type-N adapter, part number
08485-60005.
NOTE: The E4412A and E4413A power sensors are compatible ONLY with the newer
E44XX-Series power meters. They are NOT compatible with the earlier 430-Series,
E1416A, or 70100A power meters.
CAUTION: The E4412A and E4413A power sensors are extremely static- sensitive. Do not open
the power sensor unless you and the power sensor are at a static-free workstation.
Specifications
The specifications listed in Table 1 are the performance standards or limits
against which the power sensor may be tested. These specifications are valid
ONLY after proper calibration of the power meter. Refer to the Calibration
Procedure Using Agilent E-Series Power Sensors in the E4418A or the
Agilent E4419A Power Meter User’s Guide.

9
Operation and Service Guide
General Information
Table 1 E4412A and E4413A Specifications
Limits Comments
Frequency Range E4412A: 10 MHz to 18 GHz
E4413A: 50 MHz to 26.5 GHz
Power Range −70 dBm to +20 dBm (100 pW to
100 mW)
Impedance 50 ohm nominal
Connector Type E4412A: Type-N (male)
E4413A: 3.5-mm (male)
Maximum Standing Wave Ratio
(SWR) and Reflection Coeffi-
cient (Rho)b SWR Rho Return Loss (dB)
E4412A
10 MHz to <30 MHz 1.22 0.099 20.08
30 MHz to <2 GHz 1.15 0.070 23.13
2 GHz to <6 GHz 1.17 0.078 22.12
6 GHz to <11 GHz 1.20 0.091 20.82
11 GHz to <18 GHz 1.27 0.119 18.42
E4413A
50 MHz to <100 MHz 1.21 0.095 20.45
100 MHz to <8 GHz 1.19 0.087 21.23
8 GHz to <18 GHz 1.21 0.095 20.45
18 GHz to 26.5 GHz 1.26 0.115 18.79
Maximum Power 200 mW peak (+23 dBm)
200 mW average (+23 dBm)
AC Coupled Input max: 20 VDC
Zero Set ±50 pW

10
Operation and Service Guide
General Information
Power Linearityab 25 ±5°C 0 to 55°C(After calibration at
0 dBm at ambient
temperature)
100 pW to 10 mW ±3% ±7% −70 dBm to +10 dBm
10 mW to 100 mW ±4.5% ±10% +10 dBm to +20 dBm
Operating Temperature 0 to 55°C
Net Weight
E4412A 0.47 kg (1.04 lb)
E4413A 0.45 kg (1.00 lb)
Dimensions
E4412A Length: 130 mm (5.1 in)
E4413A Length: 102 mm (4.0 in)
Width: 38 mm (1.5 in) Same for both models
Height: 30 mm (1.2 in) Same for both models
a. Limits are in percent of power in Watts. See Figure 2 for relative power measurement.
b. Specifications apply to instruments with serial prefix US3848 and above. For earlier instruments,
refer to Appendix A.
Table 1 E4412A and E4413A Specifications
Limits Comments

11
Operation and Service Guide
General Information
Figure 2 Relative Mode Power Measurement Linearity
with Power Meter/Sensor at 25°C (Typical)
The chart in Figure 2 shows the typical uncertainty in making a relative
power measurement with the E44XX-Series power meter in the Rel (rela-
tive) mode. In a relative measurement, two power levels are compared using
a single sensor. The typical measurement uncertainty can be found by draw-
ing a vertical line at the power level used as a reference, and a horizontal line
at the power being measured. The region where these two lines intersect
shows the typical uncertainty. This assumes that the reference power and the
measured power are at the same frequency, and neglects errors due to zero
set, zero drift, and noise. It also assumes no change in mismatch when mea-
± 6%
± 1%
−35−70 +20
−70
−35
A
+6
+10
+20
Power Level Being Measured (dBm)
Power Level Used as Reference (dBm)
± 3%
B
0
−20
−20
0
−25

12
Operation and Service Guide
General Information
suring the “Power level used as reference” and the “Power level being mea-
sured.” This chart illustrates that the best relative power measurement
accuracy is obtained when the reference and the measured power levels are
equal to, or less than, −20 dBm. Care in choosing the power levels can yield
improved measurement accuracy. Example A illustrates a relative gain
(amplifier measurement) and example B illustrates a relative loss (insertion
loss measurement).
EXAMPLE A (Amplifier Gain Measurement):
Input power (reference) = −35 dBm; power measured = +6 dBm, so the rela-
tive gain is +41 dB. The chart indicates a typical error of ±6%, which corre-
sponds to +0.25 dB/ −0.27 dB uncertainty in the gain measurement.
EXAMPLE B (Insertion Loss Measurement):
Reference power = −25 dBm; power measured = −35 dBm, for the case of an
insertion loss of 10 dB. The chart indicates a typical error of ±1%, which
corresponds to ±0.04 dB uncertainty in the measurement.
Calibration Factor (CF) and Reflection Coefficient (Rho)
Calibration factor and reflection coefficient data are given at 1 GHz incre-
ments on a data sheet included with the power sensor. This data is unique to
each sensor. If you have more than one sensor, match the serial number on
the data sheet with the serial number on the power sensor you are using. The
CF corrects for the frequency response of the sensor. The power meter auto-
matically reads the CF data stored in the sensor and uses it to make the cor-
rections.
Reflection Coefficient (Rho, or ρ) relates to SWR according to the following
formula:
SWR = (1+ρ)/(1-ρ)
Maximum uncertainties of the CF data are listed in Table 2 for the E4412A
power sensor, and in Table 3 for the E4413A power sensor. The uncertainty
analysis for the calibration of the sensors was done in accordance with the
ISO/TAG4 Guide. The uncertainty data reported on the calibration certifi-
cate is the expanded uncertainty with 95% confidence level and a coverage
factor of 2.

13
Operation and Service Guide
General Information
Additionally, at frequencies other than the reference frequency, for measure-
ments above 0 dBm include 0.5%/dB high power calibration factor uncer-
tainty.
Table 2 E4412A Calibration Factor Uncertainty at 1mW (0 dBm)
Frequency Uncertainty (%) a
a. Specifications apply to instruments with
serial prefix US3848 and above. For earier
instruments, refer to Appendix A.
10 MHz 1.8
30 MHz 1.8
50 MHz Reference
100 MHz 1.8
1.0 GHz 1.8
2.0 GHz 2.4
4.0 GHz 2.4
6.0 GHz 2.4
8.0 GHz 2.4
10.0 GHz 2.4
11.0 GHz 2.4
12.0 GHz 2.4
14.0 GHz 2.4
16.0 GHz 2.6
18.0 GHz 2.6

14
Operation and Service Guide
General Information
Table 3 E4413A Calibration Factor Uncertainty at 1mW (0 dBm)
Frequency Uncertainty (%) a
50 MHz Reference
100 MHz 1.8
1.0 GHz 1.8
2.0 GHz 2.4
4.0 GHz 2.4
6.0 GHz 2.4
8.0 GHz 2.4
10.0 GHz 2.6
12.0 GHz 2.8
14.0 GHz 2.8
16.0 GHz 2.8
17.0 GHz 2.8
18.0 GHz 2.8
19.0 GHz 3.0
20.0 GHz 3.0
22.0 GHz 3.0
24.0 GHz 3.0
26.0 GHz 3.0
26.5 GHz 3.0
a. Specifications apply to instruments with
serial prefix US3848 and above. For earlier
instruments, refer to Appendix A.

15
Operation and Service Guide
General Information
Installation
Initial Inspection
Inspect the shipping container for damage. If the shipping container or pack-
aging material is damaged, it should be kept until the contents of the ship-
ment have been checked mechanically and electrically. If there is
mechanical damage or if the instrument does not pass the performance tests,
notify the nearest Agilent Technologies office. Keep the damaged shipping
materials (if any) for inspection by the carrier and a Agilent Technologies
representative.
Interconnections
Connect one end of the 11730A sensor cable to the E4412A or E4413A
power sensor and co nnect the other end of the cable to the power meter’s
channel input. Allow a few seconds for the power meter to download the
power sensor’s calibration table before making a measurement.
Measurement connector (connects to DUT)
E4412A: Type-N (male)
E4413A: 3.5-mm (male)
A torque wrench should be used to tighten these connectors. Use a 3/4-inch
open-end wrench and torque to 12 in-lb (135 Ncm) for the Type-N connec-
tor. Use a 20-mm open-end wrench and torque to 8 in-lb (90 Ncm) for the
3.5-mm connector.

16
Operation and Service Guide
General Information
Storage and Shipment
Environment
The instruments should be stored in a clean, dry environment. The following
limitations apply to both storage and shipment:
Original Packaging
Containers and materials identical to those used in factory packaging are
available through Agilent Technologies offices. If the instrument is being
returned to Agilent Technologies for servicing, attach a tag indicating the
type of service required, return address, model number, and serial number.
Also, mark the container FRAGILE to assure careful handling. In any corre-
spondence, refer to the instrument by model number and serial number.
Temperature −55 to +75°C
Relative humidity < 95% at 40°C
Altitude < 15,240 metres (50,000 feet)

17
Operation and Service Guide
Operation
Operation
Operating Environment
The operating environment for the power sensor should be within the fol-
lowing limits:
Operating Precautions
WARNING: BEFORE CONNECTING THE POWER SENSOR TO OTHER
INSTRUMENTS, ensure that all instruments are connected to the protective
(earth) ground. Any interruption of the protective earth grounding will cause a
potential shock hazard that could result in personal injury and cause damage to
the power sensor.
If the following energy and power levels are exceeded, the power meter sys-
tem may be damaged.
aMaximum Average Power: 200 mW (+23 dBm)
bMaximum Peak Power: 200 mW (+23 dBm)
Maximum torque at the connector should not exceed 12 in-lb (135 Ncm) for
the Type-N connector, or 8 in-lb (90 Ncm) for the 3.5-mm connector to
avoid damage to the connector.
Connect the power sensor by turning only the hex nut portion of the connec-
tor. Damage can occur if torque is applied to the power sensor body.
The connector plastic insulator bead deteriorates when contacted by acetone,
trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, etc. Refer to Application
Note 326, Principals of Microwave Connector Care (5954-1566) or Micro-
wave Connector Care (08510-90064) for proper cleaning methods.
Temperature 0°to 55°C
Relative humidity < 95%
Altitude < 4530 metres (15,000 feet)

18
Operation and Service Guide
Operation
Power Meter Calibrations
Follow the calibration procedures given in your power meter manual.
Operating Instructions
The E4412A and E4413A power sensors are compatible ONLY with the
newer E44XX-Series power meters. They are NOT compatible with the ear-
lier 430-Series, E1416A, or 70100A power meters. To operate the power
sensor, refer to the operating instructions in the Agilent E44XX-Series Power
Meter User’s Guide.