Agilent Technologies Agilent 4396B User manual

Agilent 4396B Network/Spectrum/Impedance
Analyzer Option 010
Operating Handbook
SERIAL NUMBERS
This manual applies directly to instruments which has the serial number prex JP1KE.
For additional important information about serial
numbers, read \Serial Number" in Appendix A.
Agilent Part No. 04396-90046
Printed in JAPAN November 2002
Fourth Edition
Advanced Test Equipment Rentals
www.atecorp.com 800-404-ATEC (2832)
®
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Notice
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice
.
This document contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright. All rights are
reserved. No part of this document may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another
language without the prior written consent of the Agilent T
echnologies.
Agilent T
echnologies Japan, Ltd.
Component T
est PGU-Kobe
1-3-2, Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe-shi,
Hyogo
,651-2241 Japan
c
 Copyright 1997, 2000, 2002 Agilent Technologies Japan, Ltd.

Manual Printing History
The manual printing date and part number indicate its current edition. The printing date
changes when anew edition is printed. (Minor corrections and updates that are incorporated
at reprint do not cause the date to change.) The manual part number changes when extensive
technical changes are incorporated.
March 1997
::::::::
::
::::::::::::::::::::: :: ::::::::::
First Edition (part number: 04396-97026)
July 1997
::::
::
::
::
:::::::::::::::::::::::
::
:::::::
Second Edition (part number: 04396-90036)
March 2000
:::::: ::::
::::::::::::::::::::: :: :: :::::::
Third Edition (part number: 04396-90036)
November 2002
:::::: :: :::::::::::::::::::::
:::: :: :
F
ourth Edition (part number: 04396-90046)
iii

Typeface Conventions
Bold
Boldface type is used when aterm is dened. F
or example:
icons are
symbols
.
Italics
Italic type is used for emphasis and for titles of manuals and other
publications
.
Italic type is also used for keyboard entries when aname or a variable
must be typed in place of the words in italics
.For example:
copy
lename
means to type the word
copy
,to
type a space, and then to
type the name of ale such as
file1
.
Computer
Computer font is used for on-screen prompts and messages.
4
HARDKEYS
5
Labeled keys on the instrument front panel are enclosed in
45
.
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
SOFTKEYS
Softkeys located to the right of the CRT are enclosed in
NNNNN
.
iv

How to Use This Manual
This manual describes the unique impedance measurement functions of the 4396B with Option
010. It also provides operation tutorials and technical information.
This manual is asupplement for the
Function Reference
Manual and the
T
ask R
eference
Manual. This manual does not describe the information already described in the standard
spectrum/network analyzer manuals
.Use these manuals along with this manual when using an
analyzer that has Option 10 installed.
Chapter 1Product Overview
Provides overviews of the impedance measurement functions
.It also provides the contents of
the 43961A Impedance T
est Kit and alist of available accessories
.
Chapter 2Operation Tutorial
Provides the operation tutorial for the impedance measurement functions
.Y
ou can use this
tutorial to quickly understand the basic operation ow of the impedance measurement. If you
have not used the impedance measurement of the analyzer
, perform this tutorial rst.
Chatper 3Task Reference
Provides operation procedures other than the tutorials. If you want to use the advanced
functions that are provided with Option 010, read this chapter
.
Chapter 4Impedance Measurement Softkeys
Describes all softkey functions that are unique to the impedance measurement functions
.
Chapter 5A
dvanced T
opics
Describes the basic concepts of the I-V measurement method that is used by the 4396B with
the 43961A. This chapter also describes the voltage level applied to the DUT and the internal
data processing.
Appendix AManual Changes
Contains the information required to adapt this manual to earlier versions or congurations (if
any exist) of the analyzer that are dierent from the current printing date of this manual.
v

Contents
1. Product Overview
Product Overview .................
..
..
..
.......1-1
43961A Impedance T
est Kit ................ .. .. ......1-2
Contents .................... ..
..
.........1-2
Dimention ....................
..
..
.........1-2
A
vailable A
ccessories ..................... ........1-4
16191A Side electrode SMD test xture ...........
..
..
....1-4
16192A P
arallel electrode SMD test xture ............ .. ...1-4
16193A Small side electrode SMD test xture .............. ..1-4
16194A High temperature component xture ................1-4
16091A Coaxial termination xture set ................... 1-4
16092A Spring clip test xture ............
..
..
.......1-4
16093A/B Binding post test xtures ............
..
..
..
...1-4
16094A Probe test xture ...............
..
........1-4
2. Operation Tutorial
Overview ..................................2-1
Required Equipment ............................2-1
Basic Measurement Flow ..........................2-2
1. Connecting the 43961A Impedance T
est Kit .......
..........2-2
2. Setting the Impedance Analyzer Mode ...................2-3
3. Setting Sweep P
arameters ..........
..
.............2-4
4. Setting the Output Level .... .....................2-4
5. Setting IF Bandwidth ...
..
......................2-4
6. P
erforming Calibration . .... .. ................... 2-4
7. Connecting the T
est Fixture . ..
..
...................2-6
7-1. Connecting the T
est Fixture to the Impedance Test Kit ..........2-6
7-2. Setting the Electrical Length of the T
est Fixture ............2-6
8. Performing Fixture Compensation ...................
.. 2-7
9. Setting the Measurement P
arameters . ..
............... .. 2-7
10. Connecting the DUT to the T
est Fixture ..................2-8
11. Measuring the DUT .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. 2-8
11-1. Triggering the Measurement. ...................
.. 2-8
11-2. P
erforming Automatic Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 2-8
12. Analyzing the Measurement Result .................... 2-8
Contents-1

3. Task Reference
Setting the User Dened Fixture ........... .. .. .. .. .. .. 3-2
Applying DC Bias .............
..
..
..
..
..
..
.....3-3
Using the Complex Plane F
ormat ............ .. .. .. .. .. .3-4
Displaying R-X in the Complex Plane ............ .. .. ..
.. 3-4
Using the Marker .............
..
..
...... .. ....3-4
Changing Scale Setting ............... .. .. ........3-4
Using the Equivalent Circuit Analysis ...........
..
..
..
....3-6
Simulating aTrace from the Equivalent Circuit P
arameters ......... .3-6
Determining QV
alue Using the Width Functions .......... .. .. ..3-7
Using the Anti-Resonance P
oint ...........
..
..
..
......3-7
Using the Resonance P
oint ......... .. .. ............3-7
Using the A
dmittance Chart ......... .. .. ...........3-7
Checking That the Instruments W
ork Correctly ......... .. .....3-8
Impedance Measurement Function Check ............ ..
....3-8
DC Bias Function Check ..........
..
..
............3-8
4. Impedance Measurement Menu
4
Meas
5
................
....................4-2
Impedance Measurement Menu (1/5) ..............
......4-3
Impedance Measurement Menu (2/5) ........... .........4-3
Impedance Measurement Menu (3/5) ........... .. .......4-3
Impedance Measurement Menu (4/5) . ..
.................4-4
Impedance Measurement Menu (5/5) . ..
.................4-4
Fixture Menu ...
..
.........................
.4-4
Select Fixture Menu ............................4-5
Modify User Fixture Menu ...
......................4-5
Analyzer Type Menu ......................
......4-6
4
F
o
rmat
5
.........................
..........4-7
F
ormat Menu ...............................4-7
4
Displa
y
5
.........................
..
........4-8
Equivalent Circuit Menu ....................... .. .4-9
Select Equivalent Circuit Menu ..............
..
.......4-9
Dene Equivalent Circuit P
arameter Menu ..........
..
..
...4-10
4
Scale Ref
5
................... .. .............4-11
Scale Reference Menu ...............
..
..
........4-11
Scale Reference More Menu ................ .. .. ....4-12
4
Bw/Avg
5
.................
..
..
..
............4-13
A
veraging Menu ....... .. .. .. .. ............... 4-13
4
Cal
5
...................
............
......4-14
Calibration Menu ........
..................... 4-15
Calibration Operation Menu ........
................ 4-16
Fixture Compensation Menu .... .. .. ................ 4-16
Compensation Operation Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 4-17
StatusNotations.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 4-17
Cal Kit Menu ....................
........... 4-17
Specify Class Menu ...... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........ 4-18
Label Class Menu ......................
....... 4-18
Compensation Kit Menu .......................... 4-18
Modify Compensation Kit Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19
Dene Compensation Standard Menu .................... 4-19
Port Extensions Menu .... .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4-20
4
Source
5 .... .. .. .. .. ....................... 4-21
Source Menu ............................... 4-21
4
Search
5 .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 4-22
Contents-2

Search Menu . ..
................. .. ..
..
..
...4-22
Widths Menu . .............
..
..
..
..
..
..
.....4-23
Width Function . ............... .. .. ..
..
..
...4-24
Width Value Menu ............ .. .. .. .. .. .. .....4-24
4
Cop
y
5
................. .. .. .. .. .. .........4-26
Copy More Menu .............
..
..
..
..
..
..
....4-27
5. A
dvanced T
opics
I-V Measurement Method .............
..
..
..
........5-2
Basic Concept of I-V Method ...........
..
..
..
.......5-2
How This Is Dierent From Impedance Conversion in the Network Analyzer
Mode ............. .. .. ................5-2
Impedance Measurement Scheme ........... .. .. ........5-4
Measurement Block Diagram ...........
..
..
.........5-4
T
est Signal Level at DUT .......... .. ..............5-4
Data Processing of Impedance Analyzer Mode ........
..
..
.....5-6
Digital Filter .......... .. .................... 5-6
I-V Ratio Conversion ........... .................5-6
Range A
djustment ..............
...............5-6
I-V to 0Conversion ..............
..............5-6
A
veraging .........
..
..
.................... 5-7
Calibration ............ .. .. ................5-7
Calibration Coecient Arrays .... ...................5-7
Raw Data Arrays ..
..
.......................
.. 5-7
P
ort Extension .... .......................
..
..5-7
Fixture Compensation ...........................5-7
Fixture Compensation Array ........................5-7
Data Arrays ................................5-7
Memory Arrays ..............................5-8
Conversion ................................5-8
F
ormat . ......................... ........5-8
Data Hold . ......................... .......5-8
Trace Math .................. ..............5-8
Data Trace Arrays .............
..
..
..
..........5-8
Memory Trace Arrays ...............
............5-8
Scaling .................
..
..
.............5-8
Save Data F
ormat ..............
..
..
..
..........5-9
CAL Data Group ................. .. .. .........5-9
A. Manual Changes
Introduction . . . . . . . . . ...... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. A
-1
Manual Changes . . . . . . . . . ...................... A-1
Serial Number . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. A-2
Index
Contents-3

Figures
1-1. Dimention of the 43961A .................. .. .. ....1-3
2-1. Required Equipment ..................
..
..
..
....2-1
2-2. Connecting the Impedance T
est Kit ..............
..
..
..
.2-3
2-3. Connecting Calibration Standards ................... .. . 2-5
2-4. Connecting T
est Fixture .................... .. ....2-6
3-1. Connecting External DC Bias Source .............
..
..
...3-3
3-2. Marker Readout of Complex Plane ............... .. ....3-4
4-1. Softkey Menus A
ccessed from the
4
Meas
5
Key ................ 4-2
4-2. Softkey Menus A
ccessed from the
4
Fo
rmat
5
Key ................4-7
4-3. Softkey Menu A
ccessed from
4
Displa
y
5
Key ..................4-8
4-4. Softkey Menus A
ccessed from the
4
Scale Ref
5
Key ...............4-11
4-5. Softkey Menus A
ccessed from the
4
Bw/Avg
5
Key ...............4-13
4-6. Softkey Menu A
ccessed from
4
Cal
5 key ...................
.4-14
4-7. Compensation Kit Models ..................... .....4-19
4-8. Softkey Menus A
ccessed from the
4
Source
5
Key ................4-21
4-9. Softkey Menus A
ccessed from the
4
Sea
rch
5
Key ................4-22
4-10. QMeasurement Examples .............
............4-25
4-11. Softkey Menus A
ccessed from the
4
Cop
y
5
Key ...............
..4-26
5-1. I-V Measurement Method ..........................5-2
5-2. Impedance T
est Kit Block Diagram .....................5-4
5-3. T
est Signal Level ..............................5-4
5-4. Data Processing Flow .........
..................5-6
5-5. CAL Data Group Structure ......
..
.................5-9
A
-1. Serial Number Plate ........ ....................A
-2
T
ables
1-1. Contents of the 43961A ....
......................1-2
3-1. Required Equipment . . . . . . . . . . .................. 3-8
4-1. Equivalent Circuit Selection Guide ..................... 4-10
A-1. Manual Changes by Serial Number .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . A-1
A-2. Manual Changes by Firmware V
ersion.... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. A-1
Contents-4

1
Product Overview
This chapter provides information about the features provided by the Impedance Measurement
Function (Option 010 of the 4396B Spectrum/Network/Impedance Analyzer) and the 43961A
Impedance T
est Kit. F
or additional information about the 4396B's features
,see the
4396B
Function R
eference
manual. F
or the specication of the 4396B option 010,refer to the
4396B
Function R
eference
Chapter 10 Specication.
Product Overview
Option 010 adds the impedance measurement function to the 4396B
.By installing this option
into the 4396B spectrum/network/impedance analyzer, you can measure impedance parameters
directly.
The 4396B with option 010 has the following added features:
Directly displays the impedance measurement parameters
.
Measurement P
arameters:
j
Z
j
,

z
,R, X,
j
Y
j
,

y
,G, B
,
j
0
j
,


,0
x
,0
y
,Cp
,Cs
,Lp
,Ls
,Rp
,Rs
,D
,
Q
Uses I-V method to measure impedance
.
Option 010 provides impedance measurements up to 1.8 GHz (a frequency range that
was previously dominated by the reection method using the network analyzer). The
reection coecient method has diculty measuring impedances that vary greatly from 50
. However
,the I-V (current and voltage) method can measure impedance equally well over
abroad band impedance range
.
Provides OPEN/SHORT/LO
AD xture compensation and the port extension that eliminates
additional errors by the xture
.
External DC bias
The 4396B and 43961A themselves do not have afunction that applies DC voltage
.However
,
you can apply DC bias by using an external power supply
. The 43961A provides the external
DC bias connector for this purpose
.
Equivalent Circuit Analysis
There are 5 types of the equivalent circuit functions available
.Y
ou can obtain the equivalent
circuit parameters from the measured trace
.
Product Overview 1-1

43961A Impedance Test Kit
The 43961A Impedance T
est Kit is an impedance measurement accessory used by the 4396B.
Contents
T
able 1-1 shows the contents of the 43961A Impedance T
est Kit.
T
able 1-1. Contents of the 43961A
No
.Description Qty .Agilent P
art Number
1 Impedance T
est A
dapter 1 43961-61001
2 0 SCalibration Standard 1 04191-85302
3 0 Calibration Standard 1 04191-85300
4 50  Calibration Standard 1 04191-85301
5 N(m)-N(m) cable 1 41951-61602
Carrying Case
1
1 43961-60001
Notice
1
1 43961-90000
1
This part is not shown in above
.
Dimention
Figure 1-1 shows the dimention of the 43961A.
1-2 Product Overview

Figure 1-1. Dimention of the 43961A
Product Overview 1-3

Available Accessories
16191A Side electrode SMD test xture
The 16191A is used to measure a side electrodes surface mount device (SMD) with high
repeatability
.The usable operating frequency is up 2 GHz.
16192A P
arallel electrode SMD test xture
The 16192A is used to measure aparallel electrodes surface mount device (SMD) with high
repeatability
.The usable operating frequency is up 2GHz.
16193A Small side electrode SMD test xture
The 16193A is used to measure asmall, side electrodes surface mount device (SMD) with high
repeatability
.The usable operating frequency is up 2 GHz.
16194A High temperature component xture
The 16194A is used to measure acomponent in wide temperature range
.The operating
temperature range is from
0 55

C through 200

C. The usable operating frequency is up to 2
GHz.
16091A Coaxial termination xture set
The 16091A is suited to the measurement of lead-less material samples or small size
,axial lead
components whose leads can be shortened. Two types of xtures are included in the xture set
to provide exibility for various sample sizes
.The usable operating frequency is up to 1 GHz.
16092A Spring clip test xture
The 16092A provides aconvenient capability for easily connecting and disconnecting samples
.
It has ausable operating frequency up to 500 MHz.
16093A/B Binding post test xtures
The 16093A/B are suited for the measurement of relatively large size
,axial and radial lead
components or devices that do not t other xtures
.The 16093A is provided with two small
binding post measurement terminals set at 7mm intervals
.The usable frequency operating of
the 16093A is up to 250 MHz. The 16093B employs a common type three binding post terminal
arrangement that includes an extra guard post terminal. The terminal interval is 15 mm. The
usable frequency operating of the 16093B is below 125 MHz.
16094A Probe test xture
The 16094A provides probing capability for measuring circuit impedance and components
mounted on circuit assemblies
.The
usable frequency operating of the 16094A is below 125
MHz.
1-4 Product Overview

2
Operation Tutorial
Overview
This chapter provides a quick start guide for impedance measurements using the analyzer
.New
users can quickly become familiar with the analyzer by performing the following procedures
.
Required Equipment
Before starting tutorial, you need the following items:
Figure 2-1. Required Equipment
1. 4396B with Option 010
2. 43961A Impedance T
est Kit
3. Calibration Kit (furnished with the 43961A.)
4. T
est Fixture
5. Shorting Device for the test xture
6. Device to Measure
Operation Tutorial 2-1

Basic Measurement Flow
The basic ow for an impedance measurement of the 4396B with Option 010 is as follows:
1.
Connect the 43961A Impedance T
est Kit.
2.
Set the impedance analyzer mode
.
3.
Set sweep parameters
.
4.
Set the output level.
5.
Set IF bandwidth.
6.
P
erform calibration.
7.
Connect the test xture
.
8.
P
erform xture compensation.
9.
Set the measurement parameters.
10.
Connect the DUT to the test xture
.
11.
Measure the DUT
.
12.
Analyze the measured result.
The impedance analyzer requires two error correction procedures
,calibration and xture
compensation. Calibration is required to prepare the impedance analyzer to measure the
impedance correctly
.Fixture compensation is required to eliminate the additional errors by an
extension of the measurement port, such as the test xture
.
1. Connecting the 43961A Impedance T
est Kit
T
ostart the impedance measurement, you need to connect the 43961A Impedance T
est Kit to
the analyzer
.See Figure 2-2.
2-2 Operation Tutorial

Figure 2-2. Connecting the Impedance T
est Kit
1. V
erify the 4396B is turned o.
2. Connect the N-cable to the RF OUT port of the analyzer
.
3. Connect two connectors of the 43961A to the R and Aports of the 43961A.
4. Connect the other connector of the N-cable to the RF IN port of the 43961A.
5. Turn on the 4396B.
2. Setting the Impedance Analyzer Mode
1.
Press
4
Meas
5
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
ANALYZER TYPE
.
2.
Press
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
IMPEDANCE ANALYZER
.
The active channel is set to the impedance analyzer mode
.
Operation Tutorial 2-3

3. Setting Sweep P
arameters
This example sets the frequency range from 100 MHz to 1GHz
with a linear frequency sweep.
1.
Press
4
Sw
eep
5
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
SWEEP TYPE MENU
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
SWP TYPE: LIN FREQ
to set the linear frequency sweep.
2. Press
4
Sta
rt
5
100 4
M/u
5
.
3. Press
4
Stop
5
1 4
G/n
5
.
4. Setting the Output Level
This example sets the output power level to 0.5 dBm.
1.
Press 4
Source
5
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
POWER 0.5
4
x1
5 .
5. Setting IF Bandwidth
When you narrow the IF bandwidth, the trace noise is reduced but the measurement speed
becomes slow
.This example sets the IF Bandwidth to 1kHz.
1.
Press
4
Bw/Avg
5
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
IF BW
1
4
k/m
5
.
6. P
erforming Calibration
Calibration denes the measurement accuracy at the OUTPUT port on the impedance test kit.
After calibration, the analyzer can measure within its specied measurement accuracy
.The 0
S, 0, and 50 terminations in the calibration kit are required.
Note
Y
ou must use the calibration kit that is furnished to the 43961A for the
standard calibraion kit.
1. Press
4
Cal
5 .
2.
Press
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
CALIBRATE MENU
.
3. Connect the 0 S termination to the OUTPUT port.
4.
Press
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
OPEN .
After an open calibration sequence is completed, the
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
OPEN softkey label is underlined.
5. Disconnect the 0 S termination, then connect the 0  termination to the OUTPUT port.
6.
Press
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
SHORT .
After a short calibration sequence is completed, the
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
SHORT softkey label is underlined.
7. Disconnect the 0  termination, then connect the 50  termination.
2-4 Operation Tutorial

8.
Press
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
LOAD
.
After a load calibration sequence is completed, the
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
LOAD softkey label is underlined.
9.
Press
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
DONE:CAL .
10. V
erify the \
Cor "notation is displayed on the left of the screen.
Figure 2-3. Connecting Calibration Standards
Note
The OUTPUT port of the impedance test kit and the calibration standards have
APC-7 connectors
.The APC-7 connector is very sensitive to damage and dirt.
You need to do the following when handling and storing APC-7 connectors:
Keep the connectors clean.
Do not touch the mating plane surfaces
.
Do not set the connectors contact-end down.
Before storing, extend the sleeve or connector nut.
Use end caps over the mating plane surfaces
.
Never store connectors loose in abox or adrawer.
Operation Tutorial 2-5

7. Connecting the T
est Fixture
7-1. Connecting the T
est Fixture to the Impedance T
est Kit
T
oconnect the test xture to the impedance test kit, see the applicable test xture manual for
instructions
.The following is ageneral procedure:
1. Turn the APC-7 connector of the impedance test kit OUTPUT port.
2. V
erify that the connector sleeve is retracted fully
.
3. Set the mounting posts of the test station into the twin locating holes at the corner of the
test xture
.
4. Connect the connector on the underside of the test xture to the OUTPUT port of the
impedance test kit.
Figure 2-4. Connecting T
est Fixture
7-2. Setting the Electrical Length of the T
est Fixture
After connecting the test xture
, you need to enter the extended electrical length of the
xture. This is required to eliminate a phase shift error caused by the extended electrical
length.
The analyzer has electrical length data for some xtures as preset data.
1. Press
4
Meas
5 .
2.
Press
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
FIXTURE
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
SELECT FIXTURE
.
3. Select the xture model number that you are using.
4.
Press
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
RETURN .
5. Verify that \ Del " notation appears on the left side of the display.
If your xture is not listed on the softkey label in the xture selection menu, use the user
xture setting menu. (See \Setting the User Dened Fixture" in Chapter 3.)
2-6 Operation Tutorial