Agilent Technologies Agilent 4396B User manual

Agilent 4396B Network/Spectrum/Impedance
Analyzer
User's Guide
SERIAL NUMBERS
This manual applies directly to instruments which have the serial
number prex JP1KE.
Agilent Part No. 04396-90051
Printed in Japan May 2003
Fifth Edition

c
 Copyright 1997, 2000, 2002, 2003 Agilent Technologies Japan, Ltd.

Manual Printing History
The manual printing date and part number indicate its current
edition. The printing date changes when a new edition is printed.
(Minor corrections and updates that are incorporated at reprint do not
cause the date to change.) The manual part number changes when
extensive technical changes are incorporated.
March 1997
::
::
::::::::::::
First Edition (part number: 04396-90021)
July 1997
::
:::::::::::::
Second Edition (part number: 04396-90031)
March 2000
:::::::::::::::
Third Edition (part number: 04396-90031)
November 2002
:::::::::
F
ourth Edition (part number: 04396-90041)
May 2003
:::::::::::::::::
Fifth Edition (part number: 04396-90051)
iii

Certication
Agilent Technologies certies that this product met its published
specications at the time of shipment from the factory
. Agilent
T
echnologies further certies that its calibration measurements are
traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and
T
echnology, to the extent allowed by the Institution's calibration
facility
,orto the calibration facilities of other International Standards
Organization members.
Warranty
This Agilent T
echnologies instrument product is warranted against
defects in material and workmanship for aperiod of one year from
the date of shipment, except that in the case of certain components
listed in
General Information
of this manual, the warranty shall
be for the specied period. During the warranty period, Agilent
T
echnologies will, at its option, either repair or replace products that
prove to be defective
.
For warranty service or repair
,this product must be returned to a
service facility designated by Agilent T
echnologies
.Buyer shall prepay
shipping charges to Agilent T
echnologies and Agilent T
echnologies
shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer
.However
,
Buyer shall pay all shipping charges
,duties
,and taxes for products
returned to Agilent T
echnologies from another country
.
Agilent T
echnologies warrants that its software and rmware
designated by Agilent T
echnologies for use with an instrument will
execute its programming instruction when property installed on that
instrument. Agilent T
echnologies does not warrant that the operation
of the instrument, or software
,or rmware will be uninterrupted or
error free
.
Limitation Of W
arranty
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from
improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer
,Buyer-supplied
software or interfacing, unauthorized modication or misuse
,
operation outside the environmental specications for the product, or
improper site preparation or maintenance.
No other warranty is expressed or implied. A
gilent Technologies
specically disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and
tness for a particular purpose
.
iv

Exclusive Remedies
The remedies provided herein are buyer's sole and exclusive
remedies. Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for any direct,
indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages
, whether based
on contract, tort, or any other legal theory
.
Assistance
Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance
agreements are available for Agilent T
echnologies products
.
F
or any assistance
,contact your nearest Agilent T
echnologies Sales
and Service Oce
.A
ddresses are provided at the back of this manual.
v

Safety Summary
The following general safety precautions must be observed during all
phases of operation, service, and repair of this instrument. F
ailure to
comply with these precautions or with specic
WARNINGS
elsewhere
in this manual may impair the protection provided by the equipment.
In addition it violates safety standards of design, manufacture
,and
intended use of the instrument.
The Agilent Technologies assumes no liability for the customer's
failure to comply with these requirements.
Note
4396B comply with INST
ALLA
TION CA
TEGORY II and POLLUTION
DEGREE 2in IEC1010-1. 4396B are INDOOR USE product.
Note
LEDs in this product are Class 1in accordance with IEC825-1.
CLASS 1LED PRODUCT
Ground The Instrument
T
oavoid electric shock hazard, the instrument chassis and cabinet
must be connected to a safety earth ground by the supplied power
cable with earth blade
.
DO NOT Operate In An Explosive Atmosphere
Do not operate the instrument in the presence of ammable gasses or
fumes
.Operation of any electrical instrument in such an environment
constitutes adenite safety hazard.
K
eep A
way From Live Circuits
Operating personnel must not remove instrument covers
.Component
replacement and internal adjustments must be made by qualied
maintenance personnel. Do not replace components with the power
cable connected. Under certain conditions
,dangerous voltages may
exist even with the power cable removed. T
oavoid injuries
, always
disconnect power and discharge circuits before touching them.
DO NOT Service Or A
djust Alone
Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person,
capable of rendering rst aid and resuscitation, is present.
DO NOT Substitute P
arts Or Modify Instrument
Because of the danger of introducing additional hazards
, do not
install substitute parts or perform unauthorized modications to the
instrument. Return the instrument to a Agilent T
echnologies Sales and
Service Oce for service and repair to ensure that safety features are
maintained.
vi

Dangerous Procedure W
arnings
W
arnings
,such as the example below
,precede potentially dangerous
procedures throughout this manual. Instructions contained in the
warnings must be followed.
W
arning
Dangerous voltages
,capable of causing death, are present in this
instrument. Use extreme caution when handling, testing, and
adjusting this instrument.
vii

Safety Symbols
General denitions of safety symbols used on equipment or in manuals
are listed below
.
Instruction manual symbol: the product is marked
with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to
refer to the instruction manual.
Alternating current.
Direct current.
On (Supply).
O (Supply).
In position of push-button switch.
Out position of push-button switch.
Frame (or chassis) terminal. Aconnection to the
frame (chassis) of the equipment which normally
include all exposed metal structures
.
This W
arning
sign denotes ahazard. It calls
attention to a procedure
,practice
,condition or the
like, which, if not correctly performed or adhered to
,
could result in injury or death to personnel.
This Caution
sign denotes ahazard. It calls attention
to aprocedure
,practice
,condition or the like
,which,
if not correctly performed or adhered to
,could result
in damage to or destruction of part or all of the
product.
This
Note
sign denotes important information. It
calls attention to aprocedure
,practice
,condition or
the like
,which is essential to highlight.
Axed to product containing static sensitive devices
use anti-static handling procedures to prevent
electrostatic discharge damage to component.
viii

Typeface Conventions
Bold
Boldface type is used when a term is dened.
F
or example:
icons are symbols.
Italics
Italic type is used for emphasis and for titles
of manuals and other publications
.
Italic type is also used for keyboard entries
when a name or a variable must be typed in
place of the words in italics. For example:
copy
lename means to type the word
copy ,
to type a space, and then to type the name of
ale such as
file1
.
Computer
Computer font is used for on-screen prompts
and messages.
4
HARDKEYS
5
Labeled keys on the instrument front panel
are enclosed in
45
.
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
SOFTKEYS
Softkeys located to the right of the CRT are
enclosed in
NNNNN
.
ix

How T
o Use This Manual
This is a user's guide for the 4396B Network/Spectrum Analyzer
. This
manual contains two quick start tours
, measurement examples, an
installation and setup guide and a table that tells you where to nd
more information.
Installation and Setup Guide
Chapters 1provides installation information that includes an
initial inspection, power line setting, test-set setup
,andkeyboard
connection. If you do not prepare the analyzer yet, read this section
rst.
Quick Start Tour
Chapters 2and 3provide step-by-step instructions for you if you are
operating the analyzer for the rst time
.By
performing these tours,
you will become familiar with the basic operations of the analyzer
.
Chapter 2is for the spectrum analyzer mode
,and chapter 3is for the
network analyzer mode
.
Measurement Examples
Chapters 4 and 5 provide how to use the analyzer for typical network
and spectrum measurement. Chapter 4contains measurement
examples of spectrum measurement applications
,and chapter 5
contains examples of network measurement applications
.
F
or More Information
Appendix Aprovides atable that helps you nd the information you
need in the documentation set.
x

Documentation Map
The following manuals are available for the analyzer
.
User's Guide (Agilent P
art Number 04396-900x1
1
)
The User's Guide walks you through system setup and initial power-on, shows how to
make basic measurements
, explains commonly used features, and typical application
measurement examples
.After you receive your analyzer, begin with this manual.
T
ask Reference (Agilent P
art Number 04396-900x0
1
)
T
ask Reference helps you to learn how to use the analyzer
.This manual provides simple
step-by-step instructions without concepts
.
Function Reference (Agilent Part Number 04396-900x2
1
)
The Function Reference describes all function accessed from the front panel keys and
softkeys
.It also provides information on options and accessories available
,specications
,
system performance
,and some topics about the analyzer's features
.
Programming Guide (Agilent P
art Number 04396-900x3
1
)
The Programming Guide shows how to write and use B
ASIC program to control the
analyzer and describes how Instrument B
ASIC works with the analyzer..
GPIB Command Reference (Agilent P
art Number 04396-900x4
1
)
The GPIB Command Reference provides asummary of all available GPIB commands
.It
also provides information on the status reporting structure and the trigger system (these
features conform to the SCPI standard).
Option 010 Operating Handbook (Agilent P
art Number 04396-900x6
1
)
The option 010 Operation Handbook describes the unique impedance measurement
functions of the 4396B with option 010.
Instrument B
ASIC Manual Set (Agilent P
art Number 04155-90151(E2083-90000))
The Instrument B
ASIC User's Handbook introduces you to the Instrument B
ASIC
programming language
,provide some helpful hints on getting the most use from it, and
provide ageneral programming reference
.It is divided into three books
,
Instrument
B
ASIC Programming T
echniques
,
Instrument B
ASIC Interface T
echniques
,and
Instrument B
ASIC Language R
eference
.
P
erformance T
est Manual (Agilent P
art Number 04396-901x0
1
)
The Performance T
est Manual explains how to verify conformance to published
specications.
Service Manual (Agilent Part Number 04396-901x1
1
)
The Service Manual explains how to adjust, troubleshoot, and repair the instrument.
This manual is option 0BW only
.
1 The number indicated by \x" in the part number of each manual, is allocated for numbers increased by one each
time a revision is made. The latest edition comes with the product.
xi

Contents
1. Installation and Setup Guide
Incoming Inspection ................. 1-1
Replacing Fuse . ..
..
.............1-3
Fuse Selection .... .. .............1-3
Power Requirements . ................1-4
Power Cable . ...................1-4
Operation Environment .. .. ............1-6
Providing clearance to dissipate heat at installation site .1-6
Instruction for Cleaning ....
............1-6
Rack/Handle Installation ........ .. .....1-7
Option 1CN Handle Kit ....
..
..
.......1-7
Installing the Handle .....
..
..
..
....1-7
Option 1CM Rack Mount Kit ....... ......1-8
Mounting the Rack .......
..
.......1-8
Option 1CP Rack Mount &Handle Kit ...
..
...1-8
Mounting the Handle and Rack ..........1-8
Front View .................
..1-9
Rear View ....................1-11
Connecting a Test Set for Network Analyzer Mode ...1-12
Connecting an Active Probe ..............1-14
For Spectrum Analyzer Mode . ...........1-14
F
or Network Analyzer Mode ............ 1-15
Connecting aKeyboard ................ 1-17
Setting Up a75 Measurement F
or Spectrum Analyzer
Mode ..................
..
..
.1-18
2. Spectrum Analyzer T
our
Before Y
ou Leave On The T
our ............ 2-1
Overview ............
......... 2-1
Required Equipment ............. .. . 2-2
Step 1: Preparing for a Measurement .... .. .. .2-3
Turning ON the analyzer .... .. .. .. . .. . 2-3
Connecting the T
est Signal Source . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
Step 2: Setting Up the Analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4
Setting the A
ctive Channel ............. 2-4
Setting the Analyzer Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Selecting the Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Setting the Frequency Range ............ 2-6
Step 3: Making a Measurement ............ 2-8
Reading the Peak Level Using the Marker ...... 2-8
Setting the Resolution Bandwidth to See Low Level
Signals ..................... 2-9
Contents-1

Searching for Harmonics Using the Search Function .2-11
Step 4: Saving and Recalling Analyzer Settings .....2-12
Preparing the Disk ............. .. .. 2-12
Saving Analyzer Settings .............
. 2-13
Entering the File Name ............
.. 2-13
Recalling the Analyzer Settings ...........2-15
3. Network Analyzer T
our
Before Y
ou Leave On The T
our .......... .. 3-1
Overview ................. .. .. 3-1
Required Equipment ..............
.. 3-2
Step 1: Preparing for the Measurement ........ 3-3
Turning ON the Analyzer .......... .. .. 3-3
Connecting the DUT ............. .. .3-3
Step 2: Setting up the Analyzer .......... .. 3-5
Setting the A
ctive Channel ........... .. 3-5
Setting the Analyzer Type ........ .. ....3-6
Selecting the Input .........
..
......3-7
Setting the Frequency Range ............ 3-8
P
erforming the A
utomatic Scaling ..........3-9
Step 3: Making aCalibration ........
..
...3-10
Step 4: Reading aMeasurement Result ....... .. 3-12
Reading aMeasured Value by Using Marker .....3-12
Step 5: Printing Out the Measurement Result .....3-14
Conguring and Connecting a Printer .. ......3-14
Making aHardcopy of the LCD Display .......3-14
4. Spectrum Measurement Examples
Basic Setup .....................4-1
Harmonic Distortion Measurement ...........4-2
T
est Signal and T
est Device .............4-2
Measurement Setup . ................4-2
Connection .................
..
.4-2
Analyzer Settings ..............
..
. 4-3
Multiple P
eak Search and Marker List F
or Harmonic
Distortion Measurement .............4-3
C/N Measurement ................
.. 4-4
T
est Signal .......
..
..
..
........4-4
Measurement Setup ......
..
..
...... .4-4
Connection ...................
.4-4
Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . ......... 4-4
Fixed 1Marker and Noise F
ormat for C/N Measurement 4-4
Tracking a Drifting Signal . . . . . . . . ....... 4-5
Test Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4-5
Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
Tracking an Unstable Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
Network Measurement with Spectrum Monitor . . . . . 4-7
Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
Analyzer Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Performing Calibration .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 4-8
Network Measurement ............... 4-8
Contents-2

Monitoring the Leakage Signal at the BInput Using the
Spectrum Monitor . .............
.. 4-9
AM Signal Measurement .............
.. 4-10
T
est Signal .............
..
..
..
.. 4-10
Measurement Setup . ............. .. .4-10
Connection ...............
..
...4-10
Analyzer Settings ..............
..
.4-10
Carrier Amplitude and Frequency Measurement Using
the Marker ..............
..
..
.4-10
Modulating Frequency and Modulation Index
Measurement Using 1Marker ...........4-11
FM Signal Measurement ........... .. .. .4-12
T
est Signal .........
..
..
..
......4-12
Measurement Setup .............. .. .4-12
Connection .............
..
..
...4-12
Analyzer Settings ............
..
..
.4-12
Frequency Deviation of Wide Band FM Signal ....4-12
Frequency Deviation ..........
..
...4-12
Carrier Level and Modulating Frequency ......4-13
Narrow Band FM Signal Measurement ........4-14
Burst Signal Measurement ..........
..
...4-16
T
est Signal .......... .. .. .......4-16
Measurement Setup ...
..
............4-16
Connection ...... ..............4-16
Analyzer Settings ..... ............4-16
Gated Sweep for Burst Signal Measurement . ....4-17
Zero Span for Time Domain Measurement . .....4-17
5. Network Measurement Examples
Basic Setup .....................5-1
Example DUT ...................5-1
Measuring Transmission Characteristics of aFilter ...5-2
Measurement Setup ................. 5-2
Connection ...............
..
...5-2
Analyzer Settings ................
.5-2
P
erforming Calibration ..............5-2
Measurement ................... 5-3
Read Out Insertion Loss Using the Marker ......5-3
3dB Bandwidth .....
..
..
..
..
..
...5-4
Ripple or Flatness ....
............. 5-5
Measuring Phase Response .. .. .. . .. .. .. 5-6
Using the Expanded Phase Mode .... .. .. .. 5-7
Measuring Electrical Length . . . . . . . . . ..... 5-8
Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Electrical Length A
djustment ............ 5-8
Measuring Phase Distortion .... .. .. .. .. .. 5-10
Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Deviation from Linear Phase ............ 5-10
Group Delay Measurement ............. 5-10
Smoothing Group Delay Trace . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
Where to Find More Information .......... 5-11
Reection Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Measurement Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Connection.... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . 5-13
Contents-3

Analyzer Settings . ..
.............. 5-13
P
erforming Calibration .............. 5-13
Measurement ...............
..
.. 5-14
Return Loss and Reection Coecient ........5-14
Standing Wave Ratio ............
..
.. 5-15
S-P
arameters Measurement ............. 5-16
Data Readout Using the Marker ..........5-16
Impedance Measurement .............. 5-17
A
dmittance Measurement ..............5-18
List Sweep ..............
..
..
..
..5-19
Sweep Time Reduction .............
.. 5-19
Analyzer Settings ..........
..
..
..
.5-19
Creating aSweep List ........
..
..
...5-20
P
erforming List Sweep ............ .. 5-20
Dynamic Range Enhancement ............5-21
Filter T
esting Using Limit Lines ........
..
.. 5-22
Example of Limit Lines F
or Filter T
esting ......5-22
Analyzer Settings ..........
..
.....5-22
Creating Limit Lines ...............5-22
P
erforming Limit T
est .............
..5-23
Separated Limit Lines ........
..
..
....5-24
Gain Compression Measurement ........
..
.. 5-25
Measurement Setup ..... ............5-25
Connection ...... ..............5-25
Analyzer Settings ...
..
............5-25
P
erformance Calibration ....
.........5-26
Measurement ...................5-26
Absolute Output Level Measurement .........5-27
A. F
or More Information
Index
Contents-4

Figures
1-1. P
ower Cable Supplied ................ 1-5
1-2. Rack Mount Kits Installation ............1-7
1-3. Connecting aTransmission/Reection T
est Set ....1-12
1-4. Connecting an S-parameter T
est Set .........1-13
1-5. Spectrum Analyzer Mode (One A
ctive Probe) .....1-14
1-6. Network Analyzer Mode (One A
ctive Probe) .....1-15
1-7. Network Analyzer Mode (Two A
ctive Probes) ....1-16
1-8. Using aTransmission/Reection T
est Set .......1-17
1-9. Connecting aKeyboard ...............1-18
2-1. Required Equipment ................2-2
3-1. Required Equipment ................3-2
3-2. Transmission/Reection T
est Set Setup ........3-3
3-3. S-P
arameter T
est Set Setup .............3-4
4-1. Basic Connection for Spectrum Measurement .....4-1
4-2. Harmonics Measurement Setup ...........4-2
4-3. Using Multiple P
eak Search and Marker List to Measure
Harmonic Distortion ............... 4-3
4-4. Using Markers and Noise F
ormat to Measure C/N Ratio 4-4
4-5. Display When Starting Signal Track .........4-6
4-6. Display After Signal Has Drifted ...........4-6
4-7. Inuence on Network Measurement by Leakage from
an A
djacent Circuit .......
..
......4-7
4-8. Network Measurement With Spectrum Monitor Setup .4-7
4-9. Transmission Measurement Result (Inuenced by
Leakage) .......... ..
..
......4-8
4-10. Spectrum Monitoring Result at the BInput ..... . 4-9
4-11. Dual Display of Network and Spectrum Measurement .4-9
4-12. Carrier Amplitude and Frequency of AM Signal . ..4-11
4-13. Modulating Frequency of AM Signal . ..
......4-11
4-14. Wide Band FM Signal Measurement . ........4-13
4-15. Zooming Carrier Signal of FM Signal .........4-14
4-16. Narrow Band FM Signal Measurement ........ 4-14
4-17. Maximum and Minimum Envelopes of Narrow Band FM
Signal .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 4-15
4-18. Superimposing Spectrum and Envelopes ....... 4-15
4-19. Burst Signal Measurement Setup . . . ........ 4-16
4-20. Burst Signal Measurement Result Using Normal Sweep 4-17
4-21. Burst Signal Measurement Using Gated Sweep .... 4-17
4-22. Burst Signal Spectrum and T
est Signal Envelope ... 4-18
5-1. Transmission Measurement Setup .. .. .. .. .. 5-2
5-2. Response of a Dielectric Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
5-3. Using the Marker to Determine 3 dB Bandwidth ... 5-4
5-4. Using Peak Search to Determine Ripple ....... 5-5
5-5. Amplitude and Phase Response of a Dielectric Filter . 5-6
5-6. Expanded Phase Mode ............... 5-7
Contents-5

5-7. Phase Response of a Dielectric Filter Over a50 MHz
Span ...............
..
..
..
. 5-8
5-8. Electrical Length A
djustment ............ 5-9
5-9. Deviation From Linear Phase ...........
. 5-10
5-10. Group Delay ............... .. .. .5-11
5-11. Reection Measurement .............
.. 5-12
5-12. Reection Measurement Setup ............ 5-13
5-13. Return Loss ............... .. .. .5-14
5-14. SWR ..............
..
..
..
....5-15
5-15. S
11
on P
olar Chart .............. .. . 5-16
5-16. Impedance Measurement .............
. 5-17
5-17. A
dmittance Measurement ........
..
..
.. 5-18
5-18. Sweep List Edit Display ......... .. .. ..5-20
5-19. Dynamic Range Enhancement ..........
.. 5-21
5-20. Editing the Limit Lines .........
..
..
..5-23
5-21. Separated Limit Lines ..........
..
..
..5-24
5-22. Gain Compression Measurement Setup ........ 5-25
5-23. Gain Compression ........... ......5-26
5-24. Input vs
.Output P
ower Level at the
0
1dB Gain
Compression P
oint ................5-27
Contents-6

T
ables
1-1. Contents ..
...................
.1-2
1-2. Fuse Selection .................. . 1-3
1-3. Rack Mount Kits ...............
..
.1-7
Contents-7