Agilent Technologies 11644A Series Manual

User’s and Service Guide
Agilent Technologies 11644A
X, P, and K
Waveguide Calibration Kits
This manual applies to 11644A series calibration kits with
serial number prefix 3032A.
Agilent Part Number: 11644-90371
Printed in USA
Print Date: June 2006
Supersedes: October 2002
© Copyright 1994, 1996, 1997, 2001–2002, 2006 Agilent Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.

ii
Documentation Warranty
THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED "AS IS," AND IS SUBJECT
TO BEING CHANGED, WITHOUT NOTICE, IN FUTURE EDITIONS. FURTHER, TO THE
MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, AGILENT DISCLAIMS ALL
WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WITH REGARD TO THIS MANUAL AND ANY
INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
AGILENT SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS OR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING, USE, OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
DOCUMENT OR ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN. SHOULD AGILENT AND THE
USER HAVE A SEPARATE WRITTEN AGREEMENT WITH WARRANTY TERMS COVERING
THE MATERIAL IN THIS DOCUMENT THAT CONFLICT WITH THESE TERMS, THE
WARRANTY TERMS IN THE SEPARATE AGREEMENT WILL CONTROL.
Assistance
Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available for Agilent
products.
For any assistance, contact Agilent Technologies. Refer to “Contacting Agilent” on page 6-4.

Contents
X, P, and K 11644A iii
1. General Information
Calibration Kit Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2
Kit Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2
Compatible Network Analyzers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-2
Equipment Required but Not Supplied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3
Calibration Kit History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3
11644A Series Kits with Serial Prefix 3012A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3
Incoming Inspection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-3
Recording the Device Serial Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-4
Preventive Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-5
2. Specifications
Environmental Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2
Temperature—What to Watch Out For . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-2
Mechanical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3
Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3
¼ Wavelength Shims. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-3
Shorts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-4
Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
Measurement Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-5
Certification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2-6
3. User Information
Calibration Devices and Their Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2
Short . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2
Termination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2
¼ Wavelength Shim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2
Standard Section. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-2
Measurement Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3
Isolation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3
Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-3
Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4
Offset Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-4
Offset Short . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-5
Reflect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-5
Short . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-5
Thru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6
¼ Wavelength Load. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6
¼ Wavelength Short . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-6
Changing the ¼ Wavelength Shim Calibration Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-7
4. Use, Maintenance, and Care of the Devices
Electrostatic Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-2
Visual Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3
Cleaning the Mating Plane Surfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-3
Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5
Waveguide Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5
Precision Flanges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-5
Aligning Two Precision Flanges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-6
Aligning a Precision and a Non-Precision Flange. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-7

iv X, P, and K 11644A
Contents
Tightening a Flange Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Inspecting a Flange Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8
Handling and Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
5. Performance Verification
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
How Agilent Verifies the Devices in Your Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Recertification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
How Often to Recertify. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-3
Where to Send a Kit for Recertification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Performance Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Termination Return Loss Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
In Case of Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-5
System Operation Checks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5-6
8510 System Operation Check. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
The S11 and S22 of a Shorted Standard Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6
The S11 and S22 of a Thru Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
The S21 and S12 of a Thru Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
In Case of Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
872x System Operation Check. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
The S11 and S22 of a Shorted Standard Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
The S11 and S22 of a Thru Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
The S21 and S12 of a Thru Measurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
In Case of Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
6. Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
Returning a Kit or Device to Agilent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Where to Look for More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
Contacting Agilent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
7. Replaceable Parts
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3
A. Standard Definitions
Version Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-2
Standard Class Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3
Blank Forms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-6
Nominal Standard Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-8
Setting the System Impedance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-8
Blank Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-15

X, P, and K 11644A 1-1
1General Information

1-2 X, P, and K 11644A
General Information
Calibration Kit Overview
Calibration Kit Overview
This waveguide calibration kit is used to calibrate network analyzer systems (such as the
Agilent 8510, 872x, or PNA series). With the calibration data properly loaded in the
network analyzer and a measurement calibration completed, systematic errors are
minimized.
Kit Contents
Refer to Chapter 7, “Replaceable Parts,” for a complete list of kit contents and their
associated part numbers.
The basic 11644A calibration kit includes the following items:
• user’s and service guide
• 7 mm (P-band and X-band) or 3.5 mm (K-band) coax-to-waveguide adapters
• short, shim, termination, and standard sections
• data disks that contain the calibration definitions of the devices in the calibration kit
The standards in this calibration kit allow you to perform simple 1- or 2-port and TRM
(thru-reflect-match) calibrations.
For your convenience, two different lengths of screws are provided in this kit. While you
can use the long screws for any connection, the shorter screws provide a faster connection
for two-flange connections.
NOTE A backup copy of each data disk should be made immediately upon receipt of
the calibration kit. Refer to your analyzer user’s guide or embedded help
system for instructions on duplicating a disk.
Compatible Network Analyzers
The 11644A calibration kits are intended to be used with the following Agilent network
analyzers:
• 8510 series
• 872xseries
• PNA microwave series
If this calibration kit is used with other network analyzers, the calibration definitions
must be manually entered into the network analyzer. Refer to your network analyzer
user’s guide or embedded help for instructions.

X, P, and K 11644A 1-3
General Information
Calibration Kit History
Equipment Required but Not Supplied
Cleaning supplies and various electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices are not
supplied with the calibration kit but are required to ensure successful operation of the kit.
Refer to Table 7-4 on page 7-10 for their associated part numbers.
Calibration Kit History
This manual applies to any Agilent 11644A series (X, P, or K) waveguide calibration kits
whose serial number prefix is 3032A and above. If your calibration kit has a different
serial number prefix, refer to the next section for information on how this manual applies.
11644A Series Kits with Serial Prefix 3012A
These calibration kits did not have the calibration definitions disk to support the Agilent
8510C network analyzer. The part numbers provided in this manual are the recommended
replacement parts for these kits. The devices in these kits should meet the specifications
published in this manual.
Incoming Inspection
Refer to “Kit Contents” on page 1-2 to verify a complete shipment. Use Table 1-1 in this
chapter to record the serial numbers of all serialized devices in your kit.
Verify that the case and its contents are not damaged. The foam-lined storage case
provides protection during shipping. If the case or any device appears damaged, or if the
shipment is incomplete, refer to “Contacting Agilent” on page 6-4. Agilent will arrange for
repair or replacement of incomplete or damaged shipments without waiting for a
settlement from the transportation company. Refer to “Returning a Kit or Device to
Agilent” on page 6-3.

1-4 X, P, and K 11644A
General Information
Recording the Device Serial Numbers
Recording the Device Serial Numbers
In addition to the kit serial number, the devices in the kit are individually serialized (serial
numbers are labeled onto the body of each device). Record these serial numbers in the
appropriate table. Recording the serial numbers will prevent confusing the devices in this
kit with similar devices from other kits.
Table 1-1 Serial Number Record
Device Serial Number
Frequency band ______________________________
Calibration kit ______________________________
Termination ______________________________
Termination ______________________________
Standard section ______________________________
Shim ______________________________
Short ______________________________
Adapters
7 mm coax-to-waveguide (X-band WR-90) ______________________________
7 mm coax-to-waveguide (X-band WR-90) ______________________________
7 mm coax-to-waveguide (P-band WR-62) ______________________________
7 mm coax-to-waveguide (P-band WR-62) ______________________________
(f) 3.5 mm coax-to-waveguide (K-band WR-42) ______________________________
(m) 3.5 mm coax-to-waveguide (K-band WR-42) ______________________________

X, P, and K 11644A 1-5
General Information
Preventive Maintenance
Preventive Maintenance
The best techniques for maintaining the integrity of the devices in the kit include:
• routine visual inspection
• routine cleaning
• proper gaging
• proper connection techniques
All of these are described in Chapter 4. Failure to detect and remove dirt or metallic
particles on a mating plane surface can degrade repeatability and accuracy and can
damage any device mated to it. Improper connections resulting from poor connection
techniques, can also damage these devices.

1-6 X, P, and K 11644A
General Information
Preventive Maintenance

X, P, and K 11644A 2-1
2Specifications

2-2 X, P, and K 11644A
Specifications
Environmental Requirements
Environmental Requirements
Temperature—What to Watch Out For
Changes in temperature can affect electrical characteristics. Therefore, the operating
temperature is a critical factor in performance. During a measurement calibration, the
temperature of the calibration devices must be stable and within the range shown in
Table 2-1.
IMPORTANT Avoid unnecessary handling of the devices during calibration because your
fingers act as a heat source and may increase the temperature of the device.
Table 2-1 Environmental Requirements
Parameter Limits
Temperature
Operatinga
a. The temperature range over which the calibration standards maintain performance to
their specifications.
+20 °C to +26 °C
Storage −40 °C to +75 °C
Error-corrected rangeb
b. The allowable network analyzer ambient temperature drift during measurement
calibration and during measurements when the network analyzer error correction is
turned on. Also, the range over which the network analyzer maintains its specified
performance while correction is turned on.
±1 °C of measurement calibration temperature
Altitude
Operating < 4,500 meters (≈15,000 feet)
Storage < 4,500 meters (≈15,000 feet)
Relative humidity Always non-condensing
Operating Up to 80% at 30 °C
Storage Up to 90% at 40 °C

X, P, and K 11644A 2-3
Specifications
Mechanical Characteristics
Mechanical Characteristics
Table 2-2 and Table 2-3 list the typical characteristics of the adapters and ¼ wavelength
shims in your kit. These are not specifications, but are included as additional information.
Adapters
¼ Wavelength Shims
Figure 2-1 ¼ Wavelength Shims
Table 2-2 Mechanical Characteristics of Adapters
Frequency band SWRa
a. As measured with no gap between the full diameters of the male and female center
conductors.
Insertion
Loss Center Conductor Pin Recession Tolerance Equivalent Flange Type
X11644A WR-90 < 1.05 0.08 dB 0.0076 to 0.038 mm (0.0003 to 0.0015 in) UG-135/U
P11644A WR-62 < 1.06 0.10 dB 0.0076 to 0.038 mm (0.0003 to 0.0015 in) UG-419/U
K11644A WR-42 < 1.07 0.12 dB 0.0076 to 0.038 mm (0.0003 to 0.0015 in) UG-597/U

2-4 X, P, and K 11644A
Specifications
Mechanical Characteristics
Shorts
All waveguide shorts are flat within 0.008 mm.
Table 2-3 Mechanical Characteristics of ¼ Wavelength Shims
Part Number Waveguide
Band W (mm) H (mm) R (mm) Thickness (mm)
11664-20021 WR90 22.86 ±0.01 10.16 ±0.01 0.13 max 9.78 ±0.02
11664-20020 WR62 15.80 ±0.01 7.90 ±0.01 6.50 ±0.02
11664-20019 WR42 10.671 ±0.008 4.318 ±0.008 4.5 ±0.02

X, P, and K 11644A 2-5
Specifications
Electrical Specifications
Electrical Specifications
Table 2-4 through Table 2-6 list the electrical specifications of the terminations, ¼
wavelength shims, and standard sections in your kit.
Measurement Uncertainty
Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) measurement accuracy depends on the accuracy of the
calibration standards, the calibration method employed, instrumentation accuracy and
stability, environmental factors, and the actual characteristic of the device under test
(DUT). Because of the complexity in these relationships, Agilent created uncertainty
computation tools to calculate the overall measurement uncertainty of a VNA system. In
the past, when the Agilent 8510 VNA system was being produced, a “Specification and
Verification” RMB program was included to perform an uncertainty calculation. Currently,
for the Agilent PNA and ENA families of network analyzers, a customer can download the
Table 2-4 Electrical Specifications of Terminations
Device Frequency Termination Specification
X11644A WR-90 8.2 to 12.4 GHz return loss ≥ 42 dB
P11644A WR-62 12.4 to 18 GHz return loss ≥ 42 dB
K11644A WR-42 18 to 26.5 GHz return loss ≥ 42 dB
Table 2-5 Electrical Specifications of ¼ Wavelength Shims
Part Number Waveguide
Band Return Loss
(dB)a
a. Return loss specification is
guaranteed by mechanical
specifications.
11664-20021 WR90 55
11664-20020 WR62
11664-20019 WR42
Table 2-6 Electrical Specifications of Standard Sections
Device Frequency Standard Sections
Specification
X11644A WR-90 8.2 to 12.4 GHz return loss ≥ 42 dB
P11644A WR-62 12.4 to 18 GHz return loss ≥ 42 dB
K11644A WR-42 18 to 26.5 GHz return loss ≥ 42 dB

2-6 X, P, and K 11644A
Specifications
Electrical Specifications
VNA Uncertainty Calculator program. (To access this program from the Web, navigate to
www.agilent.com and enter “calculator” in the Search function.) Explanations of the
uncertainty model are provided in the PNA embedded Help files. Additional references on
VNA measurements are available from the Agilent Applications Notes and Technical
Papers Web page, accessed from www.agilent.com by clicking on the Application Notes and
Technical Papers hyperlink.
Certification
Agilent Technologies certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time
of shipment from the factory. Agilent further certifies that its calibration measurements
are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
to the extent allowed by the institute’s calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities
of other International Standards Organization members. See “How Agilent Verifies the
Devices in Your Kit” on page 5-2 for more information.

X, P, and K 11644A 3-1
3User Information

3-2 X, P, and K 11644A
User Information
Calibration Devices and Their Use
Calibration Devices and Their Use
The P, K, and X11644A waveguide calibration kits contain termination load, standard
sections, shim, and short.
For measurement convenience, these kits contain either 7 mm coax-to-waveguide adapters
for P-band and X-band, or 3.5 mm coax-to-waveguide adapters for K-band. The adapters
are intended for adapting coaxial test sets to waveguide.
The following briefly describes the design and construction of all the calibration kit
devices.
IMPORTANT To ensure calibration accuracy, you must use the alignment slip pins in the
precision flanges. Refer to “Precision Flanges” on page 4-5.
Short
A short is also called a flush short. It is connected directly to the test port, or used as an
offset short when combined with the ¼ wavelength shim.
Termination
A termination is also called a load. It is connected directly to the test port, or used as an
offset load when combined with the ¼ wavelength shim.
¼ Wavelength Shim
A ¼ wavelength shim is also called an offset, or ¼ wavelength section. The shim is
terminated by the short, fixed load, or the second test port of the analyzer.
Standard Section
A standard section is used to check system operation after you complete a calibration.

X, P, and K 11644A 3-3
User Information
Measurement Applications
Measurement Applications
NOTE For your convenience, two different lengths of screws are provided in this kit.
While you can use the long screws for any connection, the shorter screws
provide a faster connection for two-flange connections.
Isolation
In most cases, select the OMIT ISOLATION softkey on your network analyzer. You may also
use the termination and the short as the port terminations by connecting one load to port 1
and the other load to port 2. SeeFigure 3-1.
Figure 3-1 Termination and Short
Line
Connect the shim between port 1 and port 2, as shown inFigure 3-2.
Figure 3-2 Connecting the Shim

3-4 X, P, and K 11644A
User Information
Measurement Applications
Load
Connect the termination to the appropriate test port, as shown inFigure 3-3.
Figure 3-3 Test Port and Termination
Offset Load
Connect the shim and the termination to the appropriate test port, as shown inFigure 3-4.
Figure 3-4 Connect the Shim, Termination, and Test Port