Agilent Technologies 2000 X User manual

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Agilent 2000 X-Series
Oscilloscopes
Advanced Training Guide
Lab guide and tutorial for making advanced
oscilloscope measurements using an Agilent
2000 X-Series oscilloscope with the DSOXEDK
training kit.

Notices
© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2008-2013
The copyright on this instructional material
grants you permission to reprint, modify,
and distribute in whole or in part the docu-
ment for the purpose of training on Agilent
test equipment.
Manual Part Number
75010-97012
Edition
April 5, 2013
Available in electronic format only
Agilent Technologies, Inc.
1900 Garden of the Gods Road
Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA
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2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide 3
Contents
1 Getting Started
Lab Guide—At a Glance 5
Front Panel Overview 6
Run Control 7
Waveform Controls 7
Horizontal Controls 8
Vertical Controls 9
Trigger Controls 9
Tools Controls 10
2 Oscilloscope Familiarization Labs
Lab #1: Using Cursors and Automatic Parametric Measurements 12
Lab #2: Using Zoom Display to Perform Gated Measurements 19
Lab #3: Using Waveform Math 23
Lab #4: Using Peak Detect Acquisition Mode 27
Lab #5: Using Segmented Memory Acquisition Mode 30
Lab #6: Using Mask Test 35
3 Advanced Triggering, Search & Navigation, and Segmented Acquisition Labs
Lab #7: Triggering on a Digital Burst using Trigger Holdoff 40
Lab #8: Triggering on Unique Pulses and Glitches using “Pulse-width” Trigger 44
Lab #9: Triggering on Logic Patterns using the MSO’s Digital Channels 48
4 Serial Bus Decoding & Triggering, Search & Navigation, and Segmented Acquisition Labs
Lab #10: Decoding, Triggering, and Searching on I2C Serial Bus Signals 54
Lab #11: Decoding, Triggering, and Searching on SPI Serial Bus Signals 61
Lab #12: Decoding, Triggering, and Searching on RS232/UART Serial Bus Signals 67
Lab #13: Decoding, Triggering, and Searching on CAN Serial Bus Signals 75
Lab #14: Decoding, Triggering, and Searching on LIN Serial Bus Signals 81

4 2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide
A Oscilloscope Block Diagram and Theory of Operation
DSO Block Diagram 88
ADC Block 88
Attenuator Block 89
DC Offset Block 89
Amplifier Block 89
Trigger Comparator and Trigger Logic Blocks 90
Timebase and Acquisition Memory Blocks 90
Display DSP Block 91
B Oscilloscope Bandwidth Tutorial
Defining Oscilloscope Bandwidth 93
Required Bandwidth for Analog Applications 94
Required Bandwidth for Digital Applications 95
Rule of Thumb 95
Step 1: Determine fastest actual edge speeds 96
Step 2: Calculate fknee 96
Step 3: Calculate scope bandwidth 96
Example 97
Digital Clock Measurement Comparisons 98
C Related Agilent Literature
Index

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Agilent 2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes
Advanced Training Guide
1
Getting Started
Lab Guide—At a Glance 5
Front Panel Overview 6
Lab Guide—At a Glance
This advanced oscilloscope training guide and tutorial is intended to be
used with Agilent Technologies InfiniiVision 2000 X- Series oscilloscopes
(DSO and MSO models) that are licensed with the Oscilloscope Education
Training Kit (DSOXEDK). When licensed with this training kit,
2000 X- Series oscilloscopes are able to generate a broad range of built- in
training signals.
The built- in training signals can be probed by simply connecting a
standard 10:1 passive probe between channel- 1’s input BNC and the front
panel terminal labeled “Demo 1”, and another probe between channel- 2’s
input BNC and the terminal labeled “Demo 2” as shown on the next page.
To turn on specific training signals for each of the labs documented in this
training guide, simply:
1Press the scope’s front panel [Help] key.
2Press the Training Signals sofkey.
3Turn the Entry knob to select the appropriate training signal.
4Press the Output softkey to enable the training signal output on the
Demo terminal(s).

6 2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide
1Getting Started
If you not familiar with the Agilent InfiniiVision 2000 X- Series
oscilloscope, first look over the main sections of the front panel as
illustrated on the following pages, and then begin with Chapter 2,
“Oscilloscope Familiarization Labs,” starting on page 11.
Once you have become familiar with using the basic functions of the
oscilloscope, you can then skip to particular labs of interest. Each
hands- on lab can be considered as a standalone lab exercise because each
begins with a default setup. In other words, successive labs do not build
on the previous lab. They can be completed in any order of preference.
Front Panel Overview
For instant help on any topic, press and hold any key, softkey, or knob.

Getting Started 1
2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide 7
Run Control
When the oscilloscope is turned on, or if [Auto Scale] is pressed, the
acquisition will be set to [Run]. At any time you may [Stop] the acquisition
process to examine a signal in detail or to save it.
•The [Default Setup] key on the front panel sets the oscilloscope to the
default configuration.
Because the oscilloscope may have been used in a variety of
applications by a variety of people, it is a good measurement procedure
to put the oscilloscope in a known starting mode (Default Setup). This
makes it easy to duplicate measurements because no special conditions
are set.
•The [Auto Scale] key on the front panel automatically configures the
oscilloscope by analyzing all active channels, turning them on and
setting the timebase, V/div, and trigger conditions for an initial display.
•Press the [Single] key to make a single acquisition and stop the
acquisition process.
Waveform Controls
•The [Acquire] key on the front panel lets you set the oscilloscope data
acquisition modes.
•The [Display] key on the front panel lets you set the waveform
persistence options and the grid type and grid intensity.

8 2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide
1Getting Started
•The [Intensity] key and the Entry knob lets you set the desired
signal brightness.
Horizontal Controls
aTurn the large knob in the Horizontal control section clockwise and
counter- clockwise to control the time/div setting of the horizontal
axis.
Observe the changes in the displayed signal. The current timebase
setting is displayed at the top of the display on the status line.
bTurn the small knob in the horizontal control section to move the
trigger point (solid orange triangle) from the reference point (hollow
orange triangle).
cPress the [Horiz] key to display the Horizontal menu. Note the various
Time Modes of Normal, Roll, and XY. Also notice the Zoom mode
softkey.
dPress the (zoom) key to quickly turn on the zoom mode. This
split- screen mode shows the big picture on top and an expanded
view on the bottom. Turn the large timebase knob counter- clockwise
to make the window on top larger.

Getting Started 1
2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide 9
Vertical Controls
•Turn the large knobs in the Vertical section to control the V/div setting
for each analog channel. The V/div setting is displayed in the upper left
hand corner of the status line at the top of the display.
Color coding matches analog channel inputs, vertical control knobs, and
waveform colors.
•Press the [1] key to display the channel 1 menu. Press again to turn the
channel on and off.
•Turn the small knobs to control the vertical offset position of the
waveform, moving the ground level up or down.
Trigger Controls
•Turn the Trigger Level knob to move the trigger level up and down. The
trigger level is displayed while it is adjusted. If the trigger level is above
or below the signal and the oscilloscope is in Auto trigger mode, the
oscilloscope will force a trigger and display an acquisition (waveform).
Auto trigger mode is useful when unsure of the exact waveform because
forced acquisitions are displayed, making it easy to better configure the
oscilloscope’s settings and trigger level.
•Press the [Mode/Coupling] key in the Trigger controls section to view the
Trigger Mode and Coupling Menu selections and to set trigger holdoff.

10 2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide
1Getting Started
•Press and hold the Mode softkey to read the built- in help about the
Auto and Normal trigger modes.
Tools Controls
•Press the [Utility] key to access the I/O ports, file explorer, options,
service information, and the “Quick Action” key function settings.
•Press the [Quick Action] key to perform one of the quick action functions
that can be mapped to this key.
•Press the [Analyze] key to set trigger levels, measurement threshold
levels, video trigger auto setup and display, or the mask testing
application options.

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Agilent 2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes
Advanced Training Guide
2
Oscilloscope Familiarization Labs
Lab #1: Using Cursors and Automatic Parametric Measurements 12
Lab #2: Using Zoom Display to Perform Gated Measurements 19
Lab #3: Using Waveform Math 23
Lab #4: Using Peak Detect Acquisition Mode 27
Lab #5: Using Segmented Memory Acquisition Mode 30
Lab #6: Using Mask Test 35

12 2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide
2Oscilloscope Familiarization Labs
Lab #1: Using Cursors and Automatic Parametric Measurements
During this first hands- on lab, you will learn how to make simple voltage
and timing measurements using the scope’s manually positioned
measurement cursors, as well as perform similar measurements using the
scope’s automatic parametric measurement capability.
1Connect the channel-1 probe to the Demo 1 terminal and ground.
2Press [Default Setup] on the scope’s front panel.
3Press [Help]; then press the Training Signals softkey.
4Using the Entry knob, select the Repetitive Pulse with Ringing signal; then
press the Output softkey to turn it on.
5Set channel- 1’s V/div setting to 500 mV/div.
6Set channel- 1’s position/offset to 1.40 V.
7Push the trigger level knob to automatically set the trigger level at
approximately 50%.
8Set the scope’s timebase to 500.0 ns/div.
At this point, you should see a repetitive digital pulse with overshoot and
ringing similar to what is shown in Figure 1. Note that all front panel
knobs are pushable. If you push the V/div knob or time/div knob, you can
toggle between course adjustment and fine adjustment (vernier control).
When other knobs are pushed, the scope will pre- set conditions associated
Figure 1 Oscilloscope setup to capture and display a repetitive digital pulse with ringing
and overshoot.

Oscilloscope Familiarization Labs 2
2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide 13
with that particular knob. For instance, if you push one of the vertical
position/offset knobs, offset will be set to 0.0 V for that input channel. If
you push the horizontal position/delay knob, delay relative to trigger will
be set to 0.0 seconds. If you push the trigger level knob, the scope will
automatically set the trigger level to approximately 50%.
Let’s now use the scope’s “cursors” function to measure the positive pulse
width and peak-to- peak voltage of this waveform. First, visually locate the
“Cursors” knob in the Measure section of the front panel as shown in
Figure 2.
9Push the Cursors knob; then rotate this knob until “X1” is highlighted;
then press again to select (if you don’t press the knob a second time
after dialing to the “X1” cursor, a time-out will occur and then the X1
cursor will automatically be selected and the menu will close).
10 Turn the Cursors knob until the X1 cursor (#1 timing marker)
intersects with a rising edge of the pulse.
11 Push the Cursors knob again; rotate this knob until “X2” is highlighted;
then press again to select.
12 Turn the Cursors knob until the X2 cursor (#2 timing marker)
intersects with the next falling edge of the same pulse.
13 Push the Cursors knob again; rotate this knob until “Y1” is highlighted;
then press again to select.
14 Turn the Cursors knob until the Y1 cursor (#1 voltage marker)
intersects with the negative peak of the pulse.
15 Push the Cursors knob again; rotate this knob until “Y2” is highlighted;
then press again to select.
16 Turn the Cursors knob until the Y2 cursor (#2 voltage marker)
intersects with the positive peak of the pulse.
Figure 2 Measurement Cursors knob.

14 2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide
2Oscilloscope Familiarization Labs
Delta readouts are displayed on the right- hand side of the display. If you
the press the [Cursors] front panel key, you can see absolute voltage and
time readouts for each cursor near the bottom of the display.
In addition to using the scope’s default “manual” placement of time and
voltage cursors independently, you can also select the Track Waveform cursor
mode by pressing the [Cursors] front panel key, and then change from
“manual” to “tracking”. In the “tracking” cursor mode, you have the ability
to control the time placement of the cursors, and then the scope will
automatically position the voltage cursors on the waveform where the time
cursors intersect the waveform.
Let’s now perform some automatic parametric measurements on this
waveform.
17 Press the [Meas] front panel key (next to the Cursors knob).
If beginning with a default setup (as we have done), when the [Meas] key
is pressed the scope will turn on an automatic frequency and Vp- p
measurement. Because this scope is able to show up to four continuously
updated measurements, let’s add two more measurements.
18 Press the Type softkey; then turn the Entry knob until the arrow points
to Maximum.
19 Now either push the Entry knob to select this measurement, or press
the Add Measurement softkey. Notice the level indicator that shows where
this measurement is being performed.
Figure 3 Using the scope’s cursor measurements.

Oscilloscope Familiarization Labs 2
2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide 15
20 Turn the Entry knob again until the arrow points to Minimum; then
push the Entry knob.
Your scope’s display should now look similar to Figure 4 showing four
continuously update measurements; Frequency, Vp- p, Vmax, and Vmin.
Let’s now perform four different measurements.
21 Press the Clear Meas softkey; then press the Clear All softkey.
22 Set the scope’s timebase to 200.0 ns/div. Expanding on the pulse will
provide us with increased measurement resolution.
23 Now select to measure Top, Base, Rise Time, and Fall Time.
Figure 4 The scope automatically performs up to four parametric measurements.

16 2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide
2Oscilloscope Familiarization Labs
Your scope’s display should now look similar to Figure 5. If Fall Time was
the last measurement that you selected, then the cursors will show where
this measurement is being performed.
At this point, you may be wondering what the difference is between the
“top” of a waveform (Vtop) versus the “maximum” of a waveform (Vmax),
as well as the difference between the “base” of a waveform (Vbase) versus
the “minimum” of a waveform (Vmin).
Vtop is the steady-state high level of the waveform. This is the voltage
level of the waveform after the overshoot and ringing have settled.
Likewise, Vbase is the steady- state low level of the waveform. For digital
pulse parameter measurements, Vtop and Vbase are often more important
parameters to measure than the absolute maximum and minimum voltages
of the waveform (Vmax and Vmin), which are the peak values of the
overshoot.
The Rise Time and Fall Time measurements that we performed are relative
transition times. This means that they have been performed relative to
specific voltage threshold levels. The scope’s default threshold levels for
these measurements are the 10% and 90% levels relative to Vbase and
Vtop. But many of today’s higher speed devices have specified rise and fall
times relative to 20% and 80% threshold levels, or perhaps relative to
absolute voltage levels, such as from/to ± 1.0 V. Let’s now set up our scope
to measure just the rise time of this pulse relative to the 20% and 80%
threshold levels.
24 Press the Clear Meas softkey; then press the Clear All softkey.
Figure 5 Performing additional pulse parameter measurements on a digital pulse.

Oscilloscope Familiarization Labs 2
2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide 17
25 Press the Settings softkey; then press the Thresholds softkey.
26 Press the Lower softkey; then turn the Entry knob until it reads 20%.
27 Press the Upper softkey; then turn the Entry knob until it reads 80%.
28 To return to the previous menu, press the (Back) front panel key
(just above the power switch).
29 Press the (Back) key again because we descended two levels into
this menu.
30 Press the Type softkey; then turn the Entry knob until the arrow points
to Rise Time.
31 Now either press the Add Measurement softkey, or push the Entry knob
to add this measurement.
Using these user-defined measurement threshold levels (20% and 80%), our
rise time measurement should be faster because we are now measuring
across a shorter segment of the waveform as shown in Figure 6. The
measurement should now read approximately 30 ns. When we used the
scope’s default 10%/90% threshold levels, the measurement should have
read approximately 40 ns.
Let’s now make one more measurement before completing this lab. But
this time let’s perform a more comprehensive set of measurements on this
waveform.
32 Set the scope’s timebase to 500.0 ns/div.
Figure 6 Performing a rise time measurement relative to 20% and 80% threshold levels.
Back
Back

18 2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide
2Oscilloscope Familiarization Labs
33 Press the Type softkey; then turn the Entry knob until the arrow points
to Snapshot All (top of the list).
34 Now either press the Add Measurement softkey, or push the Entry knob
to add this set of measurements.
The “Snapshot-All” measurement provides us with a one- time (snapshot)
measurement of several parameters in order to completely characterize our
input signal as shown in Figure 7. Note that this set of measurements is
not continuously updated, and if you press any front panel or softkey, the
display of these measurements will disappear.
Figure 7 Performing a comprehensive set of automatic parametric measurements using
the “Snapshot All” function.

Oscilloscope Familiarization Labs 2
2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide 19
Lab #2: Using Zoom Display to Perform Gated Measurements
When performing automatic parametric measurements, such as positive
pulse width measurements, on an exactly repetitive input signal, such as a
simple sine wave or square wave, it really doesn’t matter which particular
pulse the scope chooses to make the measurement on; each pulse is the
same. But what if the input signal you are probing is more complex; where
each pulse has unique parametric characteristics? In this case, you would
first need to set up the scope to trigger at a unique point in time on the
complex signal, and then you would need to set up the scope’s
measurements in such a way that the scope would be more selective as to
which pulse it chooses to perform measurements on. In this lab you will
learn how to perform selective, or “gated”, measurements on specific
pulses using the scope’s Zoom display mode.
1Connect the channel-1 probe to the Demo 1 terminal and ground.
2Press the [Default Setup] key on the scope’s front panel.
3Press [Help]; then press the Training Signals softkey.
4Using the Entry knob, select the Digital Burst with Infrequent Glitch signal;
then press the Output softkey to turn it on.
5Set channel- 1’s V/div setting to 1.0 V/div.
6Set channel- 1’s position/offset setting to approximately 2.0 V in order to
center the waveform on- screen.
7Push the trigger level knob in order to automatically set the trigger
level at approximately 50% (~1.7 V).
8Set the scope’s timebase to 1.000 µs/div.
9Press the [Mode/Coupling] front panel key near the trigger level knob.
10 Press the Holdoff softkey; then turn the Entry knob clockwise to set the
trigger holdoff value to 4.000 µs.
With the scope’s trigger holdoff feature turned on and set to 4.0 µs, the
scope now triggers on the 1st rising edge of the burst, disarms triggering
for 4.0 µs, and then re- arms triggering after the last pulse in the burst so
that the scope will again trigger on the 1st pulse during the next
repetition of the burst. We have now established a stable and unique
trigger point on this complex digital signal using Trigger Holdoff. You can
learn more about Trigger Holdoff during "Lab #7: Triggering on a Digital
Burst using Trigger Holdoff" on page 40.

20 2000 X-Series Oscilloscopes Advanced Training Guide
2Oscilloscope Familiarization Labs
You should now observe 6 positive pulses with varying widths, plus an
infrequent glitch occurring after the 6th pulse as shown in Figure 8. Let’s
now turn on a “+ Width” measurement.
11 Press the [Meas] front panel key (next to the Cursors knob).
12 Press the Clear Meas softkey; then press the Clear All softkey.
13 Press the Type softkey; then select the + Width measurement using the
Entry knob.
14 Either push the Entry knob or press the Add Measurement softkey to
select this measurement.
Figure 8 Setting up the oscilloscope to capture a burst of digital pulses with different
pulse widths.