Axcera Innovator LX Series User manual

Instruction Manual
Innovator,
LX Series
Digital UHF
Driver/Transmitter
AXCERA, LLC
103 FREEDOM DRIVE, P.O. Box 525 LAWRENCE, PA 15055-0525 USA
[phone] •FAX [phone]
www.axcera.com •[email protected]

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Table of Contents
LX Series, Rev. 1April 29, 2008
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
SECTION PAGE
1.1: Manual Overview..................................................................................1-1
1.2: Assembly Designation Numbers.............................................................1-1
1.3: Safety.................................................................................................1-2
1.4: Contact Information ........................................................................ 1-2
1.5: Material Return Procedure.....................................................................1-2
1.6: Limited One Year Warranty for Axcera Products.......................................1-3
CHAPTER 2: SYSTEM DESCRIPTION & REMOTE CONTROL CONNECTIONS
2.0: System Overview ................................................................................2-1
2.1: Exciter Amplifier Chassis Assembly ........................................................2-1
2.1.1: IF Processor Module ....................................................................2-2
2.1.2: LO/Upconverter Module ...............................................................2-4
2.1.3: Control & Monitoring/Power Supply Module....................................2-6
2.1.4: Driver Amplifier Module ...............................................................2-7
2.2: RF Output Assemblies...........................................................................2-9
2.3: Control and Status ...............................................................................2-9
2.3.1: Front Panel LCD Display Screen....................................................2-9
2.4: System Operation ................................................................................2-9
2.4.1: Principles of Operation.................................................................2-9
2.5: Maintenance......................................................................................2-11
2.6: Customer Remote Connections...................................................... 2-11
CHAPTER 3: SITE CONSIDERATIONS, INSTALLATION AND SETUP PROCEDURES
3.1: Site Considerations...............................................................................3-1
3.2: Unpacking the Chassis w/Modules..........................................................3-5
3.3: Installing the Chassis w/Modules ...........................................................3-5
3.4: AC Input .............................................................................................3-7
3.5: Setup and Operation ............................................................................3-7
3.5.1: Input Connections.......................................................................3-7
3.5.2: Initial Turn On ............................................................................3-9
3.5.2.1: DM8-RDigital Modulator Tray LEDs on Front Panel................3-9
3.5.2.2: IF Processor Module LEDs on Front Panel..............................3-9
3.5.2.3: LO/Upconverter Module LEDs on Front Panel.........................3-9
3.5.2.4: Controller Module LEDs on Front Panel.................................3-9
3.5.2.5: Driver Module LEDs on Front Panel ......................................3-9
3.5.3: Front Panel Screens for the Driver/Amplifier Chassis Assembly ......3-10
3.5.4: Operational Procedure...............................................................3-17
CHAPTER 4: CIRCUIT DESCRIPTIONS
4.1: IF Processor Module .............................................................................4-1
4.1.1: IF Processor Board......................................................................4-1
4.1.1.1: DM8 Modulator Selected.....................................................4-1
4.1.1.2: External Modulated IF Selected ...........................................4-1
4.1.1.3: Main IF Signal Path (Part 1 of 3)..........................................4-1
4.1.1.4: Input Level Detector Circuit ................................................4-2
4.1.1.5: Pin Diode Attenuator Circuit................................................4-3
4.1.1.6: Main IF Signal Path (Part 2 of 3)..........................................4-3

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Table of Contents
LX Series, Rev. 1April 29, 2008
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS -(Continued)
SECTION PAGE
4.1.1.7: Amplitude and Phase Pre Correction Circuits.........................4-4
4.1.1.8: Main IF Signal Path (Part 3 of 3)..........................................4-5
4.1.1.9: ALC Circuit........................................................................4-5
4.1.1.10: Fault Command ...............................................................4-6
4.1.1.11: ±12 VDC Needed to Operate the Board..............................4-6
4.2: LO/Upconverter Module ........................................................................4-6
4.2.1: UHF Generator Board ..................................................................4-7
4.2.2: UHF Filters .................................................................................4-8
4.2.3: LO/Upconverter Board.................................................................4-8
4.2.3.1: Upconverter portion of the Board.........................................4-8
4.2.3.2: Automatic Gain portion of the Board ....................................4-9
4.2.3.3: The PLL and 10MHz Reference portion of the Board.............4-10
4.2.3.4: External 10MHz PLL and 10MHz Reference present Circuitry.4-10
4.2.3.5: Internal 10MHz Reference Circuitry....................................4-11
4.2.3.6: Selected 10MHz Reference Samples...................................4-11
4.2.3.7: Comparator Phase Lock Loop Circuit ..................................4-11
4.2.3.8: Lock Detector Circuit........................................................4-11
4.2.3.9: Voltage Requirements ......................................................4-12
4.3: Control Monitoring/Power Supply Module..............................................4-12
4.3.1: Power Protection Board..............................................................4-12
4.3.2: Control Board ...........................................................................4-13
4.3.2.1: Schematic Page 1 ............................................................4-13
4.3.2.2: Schematic Page 2 ............................................................4-14
4.3.2.3: Schematic Page 3 ............................................................4-14
4.3.2.4: Schematic Page 4 ............................................................4-15
4.3.2.5: Schematic Page 5 ............................................................4-15
4.3.3: Switch Board............................................................................4-16
4.3.4: Switching Power Supply Assembly ..............................................4-16
4.4: Driver Amplifier Module Assembly........................................................4-16
4.4.1: 1-Watt Amplifier Module Assembly..............................................4-17
4.4.2: 1-Watt UHF Amplifier Board .......................................................4-17
4.4.3: RF Amplifier Assembly...............................................................4-18
4.4.4: Coupler Board Assembly............................................................4-18
4.4.5: Amplifier Control Board..............................................................4-18
4.4.5.1: Schematic Page 1 ............................................................4-18
4.4.5.2: Schematic Page 2 ............................................................4-19
4.4.5.3: Schematic Page 3 ............................................................4-20
4.5: Dual Peak Detector Board ...................................................................4-21
CHAPTER 5: DETAILED ALIGNMENT PROCEDURES
5.1: System Preparation..............................................................................5-1
5.1.1: Module Replacement ...................................................................5-1
5.1.2: Initial Test Set Up .......................................................................5-1
5.2: LX Series Driver/Amplifier Chassis Assembly...........................................5-1
5.2.1: IF Processor Module Assembly......................................................5-2
5.3: Setting ALC Gain, AGC1, AGC2 and AGC Cutback ....................................5-2
5.4: Calibration of Output & Reflected Power .................................................5-3
5.4.1 Calibration of Forward Power.........................................................5-3
5.4.2 Calibration of Reflected Power .......................................................5-3

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Table of Contents
LX Series, Rev. 1April 29, 2008
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS -(Continued)
SECTION PAGE
5.5: Linearity Correction Adjustment.............................................................5-4
5.6: Frequency Response Delay Equalization Adjustment ................................5-5
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A: TRANSMITTER SPECIFICATIONS
APPENDIX B: DRAWINGS LISTS
APPENDIX B: TRANSMITTER LOG SHEET

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Table of Contents
LX Series, Rev. 1
iv
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
1-1: Brady Marker Identification Drawing.................................................1-1
2-1: Digital LX Series Front View Modules and Assemblies .........................2-1
2-2:Rear View LX Series Driver/Amplifier Chassis Assembly....................2-11
3-1: 500 Watt Minimum Ventilation Configuration.....................................3-4
3-2: Tray Slide Cabinet Mounting Diagram...............................................3-6
3-3: Front and Rear View Reconnection Drawing.......................................3-6
3-4: Cabinet Front and Rear View Reconnection Drawing...........................3-6
3-5: AC Input Box Assembly...................................................................3-7
3-6: Rear View of Driver/Amplifier...........................................................3-8
4-1:250 Watt UHF Amplifier Module .....................................................4-17
5-1: Typical Digital Spectrum .................................................................5-5

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Table of Contents
LX Series, Rev. 1
v
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
2-1: Digital LX Series Modules and Assemblies .........................................2-1
2-2:IF Processor Front Panel Switch .......................................................2-3
2-3:IF Processor Front Panel Status Indicators ........................................2-3
2-4:IF Processor Front Panel Control Adjustments....................................2-3
2-5:IF Processor Front Panel Sample......................................................2-3
2-6:LO/Upconverter Front Panel Switch ..................................................2-5
2-7:LO/Upconverter Front Panel Status Indicators ...................................2-5
2-8:LO/Upconverter Front Panel Control Adjustments...............................2-5
2-9:LO/Upconverter Front Panel Samples................................................2-5
2-10:Controller/Power Supply Front Panel Display .....................................2-6
2-11:Controller/Power Supply Front Panel Status Indicators .......................2-6
2-12:Controller/Power Supply Front Panel Control Adjustments...................2-6
2-13:Driver Amplifier Front Panel Status Indicators....................................2-8
2-14:Driver Amplifier Front Panel Control Adjustments...............................2-8
2-15:Driver Amplifier Front Panel Sample.................................................2-8
2-16:LX Series Exciter Driver Customer Remote Connections.......... 2-12
3-1: LX Series Digital Transmitters AC Input and Current Requirements......3-1
3-2: Rear Chassis Connections for LX Series Digital Exciter/Driver..............3-8
Digital Driver/Amplifier System Controller Screens
3-3: Menu 01 Splash Screen #1............................................................3-10
3-4: Menu 02 Splash Screen #2............................................................3-10
3-5: Menu 10 Main Screen ...................................................................3-10
3-6: Menu 11 Error List Access Screen...................................................3-11
3-7: Menu 12 Transmitter Device Data Access Screen.............................3-11
3-8: Menu 13 Transmitter Configuration Access Screen...........................3-11
3-9: Menu 20 Error List Display Screen..................................................3-12
3-10: Menu 30 Transmitter Device Details Screen..................................3-12
3-11: Menu 30-1 System Details Screens..............................................3-12
3-12: Transmitter Device Parameters Detail Screens..............................3-13
3-13: Menu 40 Authorized Personnel Screen .........................................3-14
3-14: Menu 40-1 Transmitter Set Up: Power Control Screen ...................3-14
3-15: Menu 40-2 Transmitter Set Up: Model Select Screen .....................3-15
3-16: Menu 40-3 Transmitter Set Up: Upconverter Channel Select Screen 3-15
3-17: Menu 40-4 Transmitter Set Up: Serial Address Screen ...................3-15
3-18: Menu 40-6 Transmitter Set Up: System Forward Power Cal. Screen.3-15
3-19: Menu 40-6 Transmitter Set Up: System Reflected Power Cal. Screen.3-16
3-20: Menu 40-7 Transmitter Set Up: Fwrd Pwr Fault Threshold Screen......3-16
3-21: Menu 40-8 Transmitter Set Up: Refl Power Fault Threshold Screen....3-16
3-22: Menu 40-10 Transmitter Set Up: Auto Standby Control Screen .........3-16
3-23: Menu 40-12 Transmitter Set Up: Inner Loop Gain Control Screen......3-17
3-24: Menu 40-13 Transmitter Set Up: Optional System Control Screen .....3-17
3-25:Menu 40-19 Transmitter Set Up: Amplifier Output Power Warning.....3-17
3-26:Menu 40-19 Transmitter Set Up: Remote Commands Control............3-17
4-1: Firmware Configuration Switch SW2 Operating Positions ..................4-15

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction
LX Series, Rev. 11-1
Chapter 1:
Introduction
1.1: Manual Overview
This manual explains the installation,
setup, alignment, and maintenance
procedures for the LX Series modular
Digital UHF driver/transmitter. If your
transmitter contains external power
amplifier assemblies, then information
and drawings on the external amplifier
assemblies are contained in Volume 2.
This instruction manual is divided into
five chapters and supporting appendices.
Chapter 1: Introduction, contains
information on the assembly numbering
system used in the manual, safety,
maintenance, return procedures, and
warranties. Chapter 2: System
Description, maintenance and remote
control connections, describes the
transmitter and includes discussions on
system control and status indicators,
maintenance and remote control
connections. Chapter 3: Site
Considerations, installation and setup
procedures, explains how to unpack,
install, setup, and operate the
transmitter. Chapter 4: Circuit
Descriptions, contains circuit-level
descriptions for boards and board-level
components in the transmitter. Chapter
5: Detailed Alignment Procedures,
provides information on adjusting the
system assemblies for optimal operation.
Appendix A: contains drawings and
parts lists. Appendix B:contains a
transmitter log sheet
1.2: Assembly Designators
Axcera has assigned assembly numbers,
Ax designations such as A1, where
x=1,2,3…etc, to all assemblies, modules,
and boards in the system. These
designations are referenced in the text of
this manual and shown on the block
diagrams and interconnect drawings
provided in the appendices. The Block
Diagrams, Interconnects, Schematics,
Assembly Drawings and Parts Lists are
arranged in increasing numerical order in
the appendices. Section titles in the text
for assembly or module descriptions or
alignment procedures contain the
associated part number(s) and the
relevant appendix that contains the
drawings for that item.
The cables that connect between the
boards within a tray or assembly and
that connect between the trays, racks
and cabinets are labeled using Brady
markers. Figure 1-1 is an example of a
Brady marked cable. There may be as
few as two or as many as four Markers
on any one cable. These Brady markers
are read starting furthest from the
connector. If there are four Brady
Markers, this marker is the transmitter
number such as transmitter 1 or
transmitter 2. The next or the furthest
Brady Marker is the rack or cabinet
number on an interconnect cable or the
board number within a tray. The next
number on an interconnect cable is the
Tray location or number. The Brady
marker closest to the connector is the
jack or connector number on an
interconnect cable or the jack or
connector number on the board within a
tray.
Figure 1-1: Brady Marker Identification
Drawing

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction
LX Series, Rev. 11-2
1.3: Safety
The UHF transmitter systems
manufactured by Axcera are designed to
be easy to use and repair while providing
protection from electrical and mechanical
hazards. Please review the following
warnings and familiarize yourself with the
operation and servicing procedures
before working on the transmitter
system.
Read All safety Instructions –All of
the safety instructions should be read
and understood before operating this
equipment.
Retain Manuals –The manuals for the
transmitter should be retained at the
transmitter site for future reference.
Axcera provides two sets of manuals for
this purpose; one set can be left at the
office while one set can be kept at the
site.
Heed all Notes, Warnings, and
Cautions –All of the notes, warnings,
and cautions listed in this safety section
and throughout the manual must be
followed.
Follow Operating Instructions –All of
the operating and use instructions for the
transmitter should be followed.
Cleaning –Unplug or otherwise
disconnect all power from the equipment
before cleaning. Do not use liquid or
aerosol cleaners. Use a damp cloth for
cleaning.
Ventilation –Openings in the cabinet
and module front panels are provided for
ventilation. To ensure the reliable
operation of the driver/transmitter, and
to protect the unit from overheating,
these openings must not be blocked.
Servicing –Do not attempt to service
this product yourself until becoming
familiar with the equipment. If in doubt,
refer all servicing questions to qualified
Axcera service personnel.
Replacement Parts –When
replacement parts are used, be sure that
the parts have the same functional and
performance characteristics as the
original part. Unauthorized substitutions
may result in fire, electric shock, or other
hazards. Please contact the Axcera
Technical Service Department if you have
any questions regarding service or
replacement parts.
1.4: Contact Information
The Axcera Field Service Department can
be contacted by phone at (724) 873-
8100 or by fax at [phone].
Before calling Axcera, please be prepared
to supply the Axcera technician with
answers to the following questions. This
will save time and help ensure the most
direct resolution to the problem.
1. What are the Customers’ Name
and call letters?
2. What are the model number and
type of transmitter?
3. Is the transmitter digital or
analog?
4. How long has the transmitter
been on the air? (Approximately
when was the transmitter
installed.)
5. What are the symptoms being
exhibited by the transmitter?
Include the current control/power
supply LCD readings and the
status of LEDs on the front
panels of the modules. If
possible, include the
control/power supply LCD
readings before the problem
occurred.
1.5: Return Material Procedure
To insure the efficient handling of
equipment or components that have been
returned for repair, Axcera requests that
each returned item be accompanied by a
Return Material Authorization Number
(RMA#).

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction
LX Series, Rev. 11-3
The RMA# can be obtained from any
Axcera Field Service Engineer by
contacting the Axcera Field Service
Department at [phone] or by fax
at [phone]. This procedure
applies to all items sent to the Field
Service Department regardless of
whether the item was originally
manufactured by Axcera.
When equipment is sent to the field on
loan, an RMA# is included with the unit.
The RMA# is intended to be used when
the unit is returned to Axcera. In
addition, all shipping material should be
retained for the return of the unit to
Axcera.
Replacement assemblies are also sent
with an RMA# to allow for the proper
routing of the exchanged hardware.
Failure to close out this type of RMA# will
normally result in the customer being
invoiced for the value of the loaner item
or the exchanged assembly.
When shipping an item to Axcera, please
include the RMA# on the packing list and
on the shipping container. The packing
slip should also include contact
information and a brief description of why
the unit is being returned.
Please forward all RMA items to:
AXCERA, LLC
103 Freedom Drive
P.O. Box 525
Lawrence, PA 15055-0525 USA
For more information concerning this
procedure, call the Axcera Field Service
Department @ [phone].
Axcera can also be contacted through e-
mail at [email protected] and on the
Web at www.axcera.com.
1.6: Limited One Year Warranty for
Axcera Products
Axcera warrants each new product that
it has manufactured and sold against
defects in material and workmanship
under normal use and service for a
period of one (1) year from the date of
shipment from Axcera's plant, when
operated in accordance with Axcera's
operating instructions. This warranty
shall not apply to tubes, fuses,
batteries, bulbs or LEDs.
Warranties are valid only when and if
(a) Axcera receives prompt written
notice of breach within the period of
warranty, (b) the defective product is
properly packed and returned by the
buyer (transportation and insurance
prepaid), and (c) Axcera determines, in
its sole judgment, that the product is
defective and not subject to any misuse,
neglect, improper installation,
negligence, accident, or (unless
authorized in writing by Axcera) repair
or alteration. Axcera's exclusive liability
for any personal and/or property
damage (including direct, consequential,
or incidental) caused by the breach of
any or all warranties, shall be limited to
the following: (a) repairing or replacing
(in Axcera's sole discretion) any
defective parts free of charge (F.O.B.
Axcera’s plant) and/or (b) crediting (in
Axcera's sole discretion) all or a portion
of the purchase price to the buyer.
Equipment furnished by Axcera, but not
bearing its trade name, shall bear no
warranties other than the special hours-
of-use or other warranties extended by
or enforceable against the manufacturer
at the time of delivery to the buyer.
NO WARRANTIES, WHETHER
STATUTORY, EXPRESSED, OR
IMPLIED, AND NO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR
ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR
FREEDOM FROM INFRINGEMENT,
OR THE LIKE, OTHER THAN AS
SPECIFIED IN PATENT LIABILITY
ARTICLES, AND IN THIS ARTICLE,
SHALL APPLY TO THE EQUIPMENT
FURNISHED HEREUNDER.

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction
LX Series, Rev. 11-4
FWARNING!!!
×HIGH VOLTAGE Ø
DO NOT ATTEMPT TO REPAIR OR TROUBLESHOOT THIS EQUIPMENT UNLESS
YOU ARE FAMILIAR WITH ITS OPERATION AND EXPERIENCED IN
SERVICING HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT. LETHAL VOLTAGES ARE PRESENT
WHEN POWER IS APPLIED TO THIS SYSTEM. IF POSSIBLE, TURN OFF
POWER BEFORE MAKING ADJUSTMENTS TO THE SYSTEM.
«RADIO FREQUENCY RADIATION HAZARD «
MICROWAVE, RF AMPLIFIERS AND TUBES GENERATE HAZARDOUS RF
RADIATION THAT CAN CAUSE SEVERE INJURY INCLUDING CATARACTS,
WHICH CAN RESULT IN BLINDNESS. SOME CARDIAC PACEMAKERS MAY BE
AFFECTED BY THE RF ENERGY EMITTED BY RF AND MICROWAVE
AMPLIFIERS. NEVER OPERATE THE TRANSMITTER SYSTEM WITHOUT A
PROPERLY MATCHED RF ENERGY ABSORBING LOAD ATTACHED. KEEP
PERSONNEL AWAY FROM OPEN WAVEGUIDES AND ANTENNAS. NEVER
LOOK INTO AN OPEN WAVEGUIDE OR ANTENNA. MONITOR ALL PARTS OF
THE RF SYSTEM FOR RADIATION LEAKAGE AT REGULAR INTERVALS.

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction
LX Series, Rev. 11-5
EMERGENCY FIRST AID INSTRUCTIONS
Personnel engaged in the installation, operation, or maintenance of this equipment are urged to become
familiar with the following rules both in theory and practice. It is the duty of all operating personnel to be
prepared to give adequate Emergency First Aid and thereby prevent avoidable loss of life.
RESCUE BREATHING
1. Find out if the person is
breathing.
You must find out if the person
has stopped breathing. If you
think he is not breathing, place
him flat on his back. Put your ear
close to his mouth and look at his
chest. If he is breathing you can
feel the air on your cheek. You
can see his chest move up and
down. If you do not feel the air
or see the chest move, he is not
breathing.
2. If he is not breathing, open
the airway by tilting his head
backwards.
Lift up his neck with one hand
and push down on his forehead
with the other. This opens the
airway. Sometimes doing this will
let the person breathe again by
himself.
3. If he is still not breathing,
begin rescue breathing.
-Keep his head tilted backward.
Pinch nose shut.
-Put your mouth tightly over his
mouth.
-Blow into his mouth once every
five seconds
-DO NOT STOP rescue breathing
until help arrives.
LOOSEN CLOTHING -KEEP
WARM
Do this when the victim is
breathing by himself or help is
available. Keep him as quiet as
possible and from becoming
chilled. Otherwise treat him for
shock.
BURNS
SKIN REDDENED: Apply ice cold water to burned
area to prevent burn from going deeper into skin
tissue. Cover area with a clean sheet or cloth to
keep away air. Consult a physician.
SKIN BLISTERED OR FLESH CHARRED: Apply
ice cold water to burned area to prevent burn from
going deeper into skin tissue.
Cover area with clean sheet or cloth to keep away
air. Treat victim for shock and take to hospital.
EXTENSIVE BURN -SKIN BROKEN: Cover area
with clean sheet or cloth to keep away air. Treat
victim for shock and take to hospital.

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction
LX Series, Rev. 11-6
dBm, dBw, dBmV, dBµV, & VOLTAGE
EXPRESSED IN WATTS
50 Ohm System
WATTS PREFIX dBm dBw dBmV dBµVVOLTAGE
1,000,000,000,000 1 TERAWATT +150 +120
100,000,000,000 100 GIGAWATTS +140 +110
10,000,000,000 10 GIGAWATTS +130 +100
1,000,000,000 1 GIGAWATT +120 + 99
100,000,000 100 MEGAWATTS +110 + 80
10,000,000 10 MEGAWATTS +100 + 70
1,000,000 1 MEGAWATT + 90 + 60
100,000 100 KILOWATTS + 80 + 50
10,000 10 KILOWATTS + 70 + 40
1,000 1 KILOWATT + 60 + 30
100 1 HECTROWATT + 50 + 20
50 + 47 + 17
20 + 43 + 13
10 1 DECAWATT + 40 + 10
1 1 WATT + 30 0+ 77 +137 7.07V
0.1 1 DECIWATT + 20 -10 + 67 +127 2.24V
0.01 1 CENTIWATT + 10 -20 + 57 +117 0.707V
0.001 1 MILLIWATT 0-30 + 47 +107 224mV
0.0001 100 MICROWATTS -10 -40
0.00001 10 MICROWATTS -20 -50
0.000001 1 MICROWATT -30 -60
0.0000001 100 NANOWATTS -40 -70
0.00000001 10 NANOWATTS -50 -80
0.000000001 1 NANOWATT -60 -90
0.0000000001 100 PICOWATTS -70 -100
0.00000000001 10 PICOWATTS -80 -110
0.000000000001 1 PICOWATT -90 -120
TEMPERATURE CONVERSION
°F = 32 + [(9/5) °C]
°C = [(5/9) (°F -32)]

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction
LX Series, Rev. 11-7
USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS
TO CONVERT FROM TO MULTIPLY BY
mile (US statute) kilometer (km) 1.609347
inch (in) millimeter (mm) 25.4
inch (in) centimeter (cm) 2.54
inch (in) meter (m) 0.0254
foot (ft) meter (m) 0.3048
yard (yd) meter (m) 0.9144
mile per hour (mph) kilometer per hour(km/hr) 1.60934
mile per hour (mph) meter per second (m/s) 0.44704
pound (lb) kilogram (kg) 0.4535924
gallon (gal) liter 3.7854118
U.S. liquid
(One U.S. gallon equals 0.8327 Canadian gallon)
fluid ounce (fl oz) milliliters (ml) 29.57353
British Thermal Unit watt (W) 0.2930711
per hour (Btu/hr)
horsepower (hp) watt (W) 746
NOMENCLATURE OF FREQUENCY BANDS
FREQUENCY RANGE DESIGNATION
3 to 30 kHz VLF -Very Low Frequency
30 to 300 kHz LF -Low Frequency
300 to 3000 kHz MF -Medium Frequency
3 to 30 MHz HF -High Frequency
30 to 300 MHz VHF -Very High Frequency
300 to 3000 MHz UHF -Ultrahigh Frequency
3 to 30 GHz SHF -Superhigh Frequency
30 to 300 GHz EHF -Extremely High Frequency
LETTER DESIGNATIONS FOR UPPER FREQUENCY
BANDS
LETTER FREQ. BAND
L 1000 -2000 MHz
S 2000 -4000 MHz
C 4000 -8000 MHz
X 8000 -12000 MHz
Ku 12 -18 GHz
K 18 -27 GHz
Ka 27 -40 GHz
V 40 -75 GHz
W 75 -110 GHz

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction
LX Series, Rev. 11-8
RETURN LOSS VS. VSWR
1.001 1.01 1.1 2.0
VSWR
0
-
10
-
20
-
30
-
40
-
50
-
60
-
70
R
E
T
U
R
N
L
O
S
S
dB

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 1, Introduction
LX Series, Rev. 11-9
ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS
AC Alternating Current
AFC Automatic Frequency Control
ALC Automatic Level Control
AM Amplitude modulation
AGC Automatic Gain Control
AWG American wire gauge
BER Bit Error Rate
BW Bandwidth
DC Direct Current
D/A Digital to analog
DSP Digital Signal Processing
DTV Digital Television
dB Decibel
dBm Decibel referenced to 1 milliwatt
dBmV Decibel referenced to 1 millivolt
dBw Decibel referenced to 1 watt
FEC Forward Error Correction
FM Frequency modulation
FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
Hz Hertz
ICPM Incidental Carrier Phase Modulation
I/P Input
IF Intermediate Frequency
LED Light emitting diode
LSB Lower Sideband
MPEG Motion Pictures Expert Group
O/P Output
PLL Phase Locked Loop
PCB Printed circuit board
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
SMPTE Society of Motion Picture and
Television Engineers
VSB Vestigial Side Band

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 2, System Description,
Maintenance & Remote Control Connections
LX Series, Rev. 1 2-1
Chapter 2
System Description, Maintenance & Remote Control Connections
Figure 2-1: Driver/Amplifier Front View
Table 2-1: LX Series Modules and Assemblies
ASSEMBLY DESIGNATOR TRAY/ASSEMBLY NAME PART NUMBER
Exciter Amplifier Chassis
Assembly, LX Series 1303228 (220 VAC)
Backplane Board 1301941
A3 IF Processor Module 1301938
A4 Control/Power Supply Module 1303229 (220 VAC)
A5 LO/Upconverter Module 1301930
A6 Driver Power Amplifier Module 1303874
2.0 System Overview
The digital transmitters in the Innovator
LX Series are complete UHF Digital
internally diplexed modular television
transmitters that operate at a nominal
DTV output power of 5 to 50 watts.
The LX Series can also be used as a
driver for external power amplifiers. The
output power of the driver is determined
by the level needed to attain the full
output power of the transmitter.
The Digital LX Series driver/transmitter is
made up of the modules and assemblies
as listed in Table 2-1.
2.1 Exciter Amplifier Chassis
Assembly,220 VAC (1303228;
Appendix A)
The chassis assembly is factory set for
operation using 220 VAC. All of the
modules except the power amplifier
module and the power supply section of
the Control & Monitoring/Power Supply
Module, plug directly into a backplane
board. The backplane board provides
module to module interconnection as well
as interconnection to remote command
and control connectors.
A3
A5
A4
A6

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 2, System Description,
Maintenance & Remote Control Connections
LX Series, Rev. 1 2-2
2.1.1(A3) IF Processor Module
Assembly (1301938; Appendix A)
The (A3) IF Processor Assembly contains
the IF Processor Board (1301977). The IF
Processor provides pre-correction to
ensure broadcast quality output signal.
The pre-correction consists of amplitude
linearity correction, Incidental Carrier
Phase Modulation (ICPM) correction and
frequency response correction.
The IF Processor module is configured
either for an analog or digital system.
Pin 13C of the IF Processor module is
grounded in analog systems and left not
connected in digital systems. An IF
Processor Interlock signal is used to
report the presence of the IF Processor
module to the Control Monitoring board.
If the IF Processor interlock signal is not
present, the LX Series
Transmitter/Exciter Driver RF output is
Muted (turned off). If an analog IF
Processor module is installed and the
Modulation Present signal is not true,
the LX Series Transmitter/Exciter Driver
output is Muted (turned off).
The Control & Monitoring/Power Supply
module uses the IF Processor module for
System output power control. Through
the front panel display or a remote
interface, an operator can set the RF
output power level of the transmitter.
The range of RF power adjustment is
between 0% (full off) and 105% (full
power plus). A front panel IF Processor
module potentiometer sets the upper
limit of RF power at 120%. The
system's Control Monitoring board
compares the RF Power Monitoring
module RF power level with the desired
level and uses the IF Power Control PWM
line to correct for errors.
In digital systems, a digital level control
(DLC) voltage is generated on the IF
Processor module and sent to an
external digital modulator (DT1B/C). RF
power control is implemented by
changing the DLC voltage provided to
the external digital modulator. The 'RF
High' potentiometer sets the upper
adjusted range of RF control circuit
output to 120%.
The IF Processor module provides a
reference ALC voltage to the system's
Upconverter. When the ALC voltage
decreases, the Upconverter
automatically lowers the system output
power through the AGC circuits.
The IF Processor module has a front
panel switch to select Auto or Manual
ALC. When Manual ALC is selected, the
reference ALC voltage is set by a front
panel potentiometer. In this condition,
the RF power level control circuit is
removed from use. When the ALC select
switch is changed to Auto, the RF power
level control circuit will start at low
power and increase the RF output until
the desired output power is attained.
The IF Processor module Modulation
Present signal is monitored. If the
modulation level is too low or non-
existent, a Modulation Present Fault is
reported to the Control Monitoring
board. When the controller detects this
fault, it can be set to Automatically Mute
the transmitter or in Manual mode the
transmitter will continue to operate at
25% output.
The IF Processor module Input Signal
level is monitored. If the signal level is
too low or non-existent, an Input Fault
is reported on the Control Monitoring
board. When the IF Processor board
detects an Input Signal Fault it
automatically Mutes the transmitter.
The system controller does not Mute on
an IF Processor Input Fault.

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 2, System Description,
Maintenance & Remote Control Connections
LX Series, Rev. 1 2-3
Table 2-2: IF Processor Front Panel Switch
SWITCH FUNCTION
MAN/AUTO ALC
When Manual ALC is selected, the reference ALC voltage is set
by the ALC Gain front panel potentiometer.
When Auto ALC is selected, the IF level control circuit will
automatically increase the IF output until the desired output
power is attained.
Table 2-3: IF Processor Front Panel Status Indicators
LED FUNCTION
INPUT FAULT (Red) When lit it indicates that there is a loss of the IF Input signal to the
IF Processor. Transmitter can be set to Mute on an IF Input Fault.
ALC Fault (Red) When lit it indicates that the required gain to produce the desired
output power level has exceeded the operational range of the ALC
circuit. The LED will also be lit when ALC is in Manual.
MUTE (Red) When lit it indicates that the IF input signal is cut back but the
enable to the Power Supply is present and the +32 VDC remains on.
Table 2-4: IF Processor Front Panel Control Adjustments
POTENTIOMETERS DESCRIPTION
FREQUENCY
RESPONSE
EQUALIZER
These three variable resistors, R103, R106 & R274, adjust the
depth of gain for the three stages of frequency response correction.
ALC GAIN Adjusts the gain of the transmitter when the transmitter is in the
Auto ALC position.
MAN GAIN Adjusts the gain of the transmitter when the transmitter is in the
Manual ALC position.
LINEARITY
CORRECTION
These three variable resistors adjust the threshold cut in for the
three stages of linearity pre-correction. R211 and R216, the top
two pots, are adjusted to correct for in phase amplitude distortions.
R 231, the bottom pot, is adjusted to correct for quadrature phase
distortions.
Table 2-5: IF Processor Front Panel Sample
SMA CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION
IF SAMPLE Sample of the pre-corrected IF output of the IF Processor

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 2, System Description,
Maintenance & Remote Control Connections
LX Series, Rev. 1 2-4
2.1.2(A5) LO/Upconverter Module
Assembly (1301930; Appendix A)
The (A5) LO/Upconverter Module
Assembly contains a front panel LED
display board (1303033), a UHF Filter
(1007-1101), a UHF Generator Board
(1585-1265) and a LO/Upconverter
Assembly (1303039). The
LO/Upconverter Assembly contains the
LO/Upconverter Board (1302132).
The LX Series Upconverter converts an
IF input signal to a RF output signal on
the desired channel frequency using a
high stability oven controlled oscillator
with very low phase noise and an
Automatic Level Control (ALC) for stable
output signal level.
Several control voltages are used for
transmitter power control. Automatic
gain control (AGC) circuits set the RF
output level of the transmitter system.
AGC #1 is provided by the
Transmitter/Exciter Driver Power
Amplifier module. This voltage is used
by the Upconverter to maintain a
constant RF output level at the Power
Amplifier module output. If this voltage
exceeds 0.9 VDC, the system is in an
over-drive condition. The 0.9 VDC over-
driver threshold is set by a front panel
Upconverter module potentiometer.
When an over-drive condition is
detected, the Upconverter module
reduces it’s RF output level. For values
less than 0.9 VDC, the Upconverter uses
the AGC #1 voltage for automatic gain
control by setting it's RF output to
maintain AGC #1 equal to the AGC
voltage set by another front panel
potentiometer. When the Upconverter is
set for manual gain, the RF output of the
Upconverter is set by the front panel
AGC potentiometer. In manual gain
operation, the AGC #1 feedback voltage
from the PA is not used to adjust the RF
level unless an over-drive condition is
detected.
AGC #2 is provided by each of the
optional external amplifier modules.
Diodes are used in each of the external
amplifier forward power circuits to
capture the highest detected sample
voltage. This voltage is used by the
Upconverter to maintain a constant RF
output of the system. As with AGC #1,
the Upconverter module reduces its RF
output level if AGC #2 is too high. AGC
#1 and ACG #2 are diode ORed together
in the Upconverter gain circuit. Both
AGC voltages are first reduced by an on-
board potentiometer before being
amplified. If an over-drive condition
does not exist, the higher of the two
AGC voltages is used to control the
Upconverter gain circuit. An AFC Voltage
is generated to control the VCXO of the
UHF Generator portion of the
Upconverter module. The typical AFC
voltage is 0.5 VDC but it can be as high
as +1.5 VDC.
The Upconverter can operate using
either the internal 10 MHz source or a
10 MHz external reference signal. When
an external 10 MHz source is present on
J10, it is automatically selected. An
external reference present signal is
provided to the controller for display
purposes. The selected 10 MHz signal
from the Upconverter is buffered then
sent to the backplane on two ports. One
port is sent to the Modulator module, if
present, and the other is routed to a
BNC connector (J11) on the backplane
for a system 10 MHz output signal.
A National Semiconductor frequency
synthesizer IC is used in the frequency
conversion of the IF signal to a RF

Digital UHF Driver/Transmitter Chapter 2, System Description,
Maintenance & Remote Control Connections
LX Series, Rev. 1 2-5
signal. The frequency synthesizer IC
uses a 10 MHz reference frequency for
signal conversion. Typically the IF input
is a 0 dBm @ 44 MHz to the upconverter
through the backplane board is applied
to a mixer mounted on the first
conversion board.44 MHz for digital
systems. To obtain different output RF
frequencies, the synthesizer IC is serial
programmed by the Control Monitoring
board. The part is programmed to use a
5 kHz phase detection frequency. With
a 10 MHz input signal, the R counter is
set to 2000. With these settings the N
counter is set to the desired LO
frequency in kHz/5 kHz. The maximum
LO frequency setting with these
parameters is 1310.715 MHz.
Example:
For a Frequency RF Out = 517.125 MHz,
N = 517125 kHz/5 kHz = 103425
An Upconverter PLL Lock indicator is
used to insure that the frequency control
circuits are operating properly. When
the Upconverter PLL is locked, the
frequency synthesizer IC is programmed
and the Power Amplifier module(s) can
be enabled.
The RF output of the LO/Upconverter
Module is at J23 on the rear chassis.
Table 2-6: LO/Upconverter Front Panel Switch
SWITCH FUNCTION
MAN/AUTO AGC
When Manual AGC is selected, the reference AGC voltage is
set by the AGC Manual Gain front panel potentiometer.
When Auto AGC is selected, the RF power level control circuit
will automatically increase the RF output until the desired
output power is attained.
Table 2-7: LO/Upconverter Front Panel Status Indicator
LED FUNCTION
AGC CUTBACK
(Red)
When lit it indicates that the required gain to produce the desired
output power level has exceeded the level set by the AGC Cutback
(Override) adjust. Transmitter will cut back power to 25%
Table 2-8: LO/Upconverter Front Panel Control Adjustments
POTENTIOMETERS DESCRIPTION
MAN GAIN ADJ Adjusts the gain of the transmitter when the transmitter is in the
Manual AGC position.
AGC CUTBACK ADJ
(AGC OVERRIDE) Adjusts the point at which the transmitter will cut back in power when the Transmitter is in the Auto AGC position.
Table 2-9: LO/Upconverter Front Panel Samples
SMA CONNECTOR DESCRIPTION
LO SAMPLE Sample of the LO signal to the Upconverter as generated by the
UHF Generator Board.
RF SAMPLE Sample of the On Channel RF Output of the Upconverter