Axis M7001 User manual

USER’S MANUAL
AXIS M7001 Video Encoder

AXIS M7001 - Notices
Notices
This manual is intended for administrators and users of the AXIS M7001
Video Encoder, and is applicable for firmware release 5.00 and later. It
includes instructions for using and managing the encoder on your
network. Previous experience of networking will be of use when using
this product. Some knowledge of UNIX or Linux-based systems may also
be beneficial, for developing shell scripts and applications. Later
versions of this document will be posted to the Axis Website, as
required. See also the product’s online help, available via the
Web-based interface.
AXIS M7001 supports ONVIF v1.01. For more information about ONVIF
go to www.onvif.org For more information about enabling ONVIF go to
the Developers page at www.axis.com
Liability
Every care has been taken in the preparation of this manual. Please
inform your local Axis office of any inaccuracies or omissions. Axis
Communications AB cannot be held responsible for any technical or
typographical errors and reserves the right to make changes to the
product and manuals without prior notice. Axis Communications AB
makes no warranty of any kind with regard to the material contained
within this document, including, but not limited to, the implied
warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Axis
Communications AB shall not be liable nor responsible for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance
or use of this material.
Intellectual Property Rights
Axis AB has intellectual property rights relating to technology
embodied in the product described in this document. In particular, and
without limitation, these intellectual property rights may include one or
more of the patents listed at http://www.axis.com/patent.htm and one
or more additional patents or pending patent applications in the US and
other countries.
This product contains licensed third-party software. See the menu item
“About” in the product’s user interface for more information.
This product contains source code copyright Apple Computer, Inc.,
under the terms of Apple Public Source License 2.0 (see
http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/).
The source code is available from:
http://developer.apple.com/darwin/projects/bonjour/
Equipment Modifications
This equipment must be installed and used in strict accordance with the
instructions given in the user documentation. This equipment contains
no user-serviceable components. Unauthorized equipment changes or
modifications will invalidate all applicable regulatory certifications and
approvals.
Trademark Acknowledgments
Apple, Boa, Bonjour, Ethernet, Internet Explorer, Linux, Microsoft,
Mozilla, Netscape Navigator, OS/2, Real, QuickTime, UNIX, Windows,
WWW are registered trademarks of the respective holders. Java and all
Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered
trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other
countries. Axis Communications AB is independent of Sun Microsystems
Inc.
UPnPTM is a certification mark of the UPnPTM Implementers Corporation.
Support
Should you require any technical assistance, please contact your Axis
reseller. If your questions cannot be answered immediately, your
reseller will forward your queries through the appropriate channels to
ensure a rapid response. If you are connected to the Internet, you can:
• download user documentation and firmware updates
• find answers to resolved problems in the FAQ database. Search by
product, category, or phrases
• report problems to Axis support by logging in to your private support
area
• visit Axis Support at www.axis.com/techsup
AXIS M7001 Video Encoder User’s Manual
Rev. 2.0
Copyright© Axis Communications AB, 2009-2011
July 2011 Part no. 43683

3
AXIS M7001 - Table of contents
Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Product Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Key features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
LED indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Using the Video Encoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Access from a browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Access from the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Setting the root password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
The Live View page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Video Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
How to stream H.264 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Motion JPEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
AXIS Media Control (AMC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Alternative methods of accessing the video stream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Video Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Video Stream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Stream Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Camera Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Privacy Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Live View Config . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Event Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Event Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Event Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Motion Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Pan Tilt Zoom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Installing PTZ devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
PTZ Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
PTZ Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
System Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Date & Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Ports & Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
LED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Advanced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
About . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Resetting to the Factory Default Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Unit connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
LED indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Checking the Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Upgrading the Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Symptoms, Possible Causes, and Remedial Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Technical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
General performance considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Optimizing your system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

4
AXIS M7001 - Product Description
Product Description
This manual applies to the AXIS M7001 Video Encoder.
Key features
•Compact, cost-effective solution
Palm-sized and with a discreet design at a competitive price, AXIS M7001 provides an easy and cost-effective solution for
integrating small or large numbers of analog cameras into an IP-based video surveillance system.
•Full frame rate in all resolutions
AXIS M7001 can deliver 30/25 fps (NTSC/PAL) in all resolutions up to D1 (720x480/576).
•Simultaneous H.264 and Motion JPEG
AXIS M7001 delivers two simultaneous streams in full frame rate at the highest resolution, one in H.264 and one in
Motion JPEG.
• PTZ support
Four-wire, RS-422/485 support for PTZ and PTZ dome cameras.
• Power over Ethernet
AXIS M7001 is powered over Ethernet (PoE) with power feed to the optional covert camera.

5
AXIS M7001 - Product Description
Overview
LED indicators
The LED indicators can be disabled, see page 32. Disabling the LEDs can be useful in covert surveillance situations.
LED Color Indication
Network Green Steady for connection to a 100 Mbit/s network. Flashes for network activity.
Amber Steady for connection to 10 Mbit/s network. Flashes for network activity.
Unlit No network connection
Status Green Steady green for normal operation.
Amber Steady during startup, during reset to factory default or when restoring settings.
Red Slow flash for failed upgrade.
Power Green Normal operation.
Amber Flashes green/amber during firmware upgrade.
LED indicators for
power, status and network
Control button
RS-422/RS-485 connector
BNC connector
Network connector (PoE class 2)
Product ID & Serial number (S/N).
The serial number may be
required during the installation.
Product label includes:
2.5 mm tele plug connector
75 Ohm
termination switch

6
AXIS M7001 - Using the Video Encoder
Using the Video Encoder
Please refer to the Installation Guide supplied with the product in order to install the AXIS M7001 Video Encoder.
The AXIS M7001 can be used with most standard operating systems and browsers.
Notes:
• To view streaming video in Internet Explorer, set your browser to allow ActiveX controls and install AXIS Media
Control (AMC) on your workstation.
• QuickTimeTM is also supported for viewing streaming H.264 video.
• If your workstation restricts the use of additional software components, the video encoder can be configured to
use a Java applet for viewing Motion JPEG.
• The video encoder includes one (1) decoder license for viewing H.264 video streams. This is automatically installed
with AXIS Media Control. The administrator can disable the installation of the H.264 decoder, to prevent
installation of unlicensed copies.
Access from a browser
1. Start a browser (Internet Explorer, Firefox).
2. Enter the IP address or host name of the encoder in the Location/Address field of your browser.
To access the video encoder from a Macintosh computer (Mac OSX), click on the Bonjour tab and select the AXIS
M7001 from the drop-down list.
3. If this is the first time you are accessing the AXIS M7001, see Setting the root password, on page 7. Otherwise
enter your user name and password, set by the administrator.
4. The encoder’s Live View page appears in your browser.
Note:
The layout of the Live View page may have been customized to specific requirements. Consequently, some of the
examples and functions featured here may differ from those displayed on your Live View page.

7
AXIS M7001 - Using the Video Encoder
Access from the Internet
Once connected, the video encoder is accessible on your local network (LAN). To access the video encoder from the Internet
you must configure your broadband router to allow incoming data traffic to the video encoder. To do this, enable the
NAT-traversal feature, which will attempt to automatically configure the router to allow access to the video encoder. This is
enabled from Setup > System Options > Network > TCP/IP Advanced.
For more information, please see NAT traversal (port mapping) for IPv4, on page 30. See also the AXIS Internet Dynamic DNS
Service at www.axiscam.net For Technical notes on this and other topics, visit the Axis Support web at www.axis.com/techsup
Setting the root password
To gain access to the product, the password for the default administrator user root must be set. This is done in the ‘Configure
Root Password’ dialog, which is displayed when the video encoder is accessed for the first time. To prevent network
eavesdropping, the root password can be set via an encrypted HTTPS connection, which requires an HTTPS certificate.
Note:
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol over SSL) is a protocol used to encrypt the traffic between web browsers and serv-
ers. The HTTPS certificate controls the encrypted exchange of information.
To set the password via a standard HTTP connection, enter it directly in the Configure Root Password dialog.
To set the password via an encrypted HTTPS connection, follow these steps:
1. Click the Create self-signed certificate button.
2. Provide the requested information and click OK. The certificate is created and the password can now be set
securely. All traffic to and from the video encoder is encrypted from this point on.
3. Enter a password and then re-enter it to confirm the spelling. Click OK. The password has now been configured.
Notes:
• The default administrator user name ‘root’ is permanent and cannot be deleted.
• If the root password is lost, the video encoder must be reset to the factory default settings, see page 34.
• If prompted, click Yes to install the AXIS Media Control, which allows viewing of the video stream in Internet
Explorer. You will need administrator rights on the computer to do this.
To configure the password
directly via an unencrypted
connection, enter the password here.
To create an HTTPS connection,
start by clicking this button.

8
AXIS M7001 - Using the Video Encoder
The Live View page
If the video encoder has been customized to meet specific requirements, the buttons and other items described below may or
may not be displayed on the Live View page. The following provides an overview of each available button:
General controls
AXIS Media Control toolbar
The AXIS Media Control viewer toolbar is available in Internet Explorer only. See AXIS Media Control (AMC), on page 10 for
more information. The toolbar displays the following buttons:
Pan/Tilt/Zoom controls
If a PTZ device is installed, the Live View page also displays controls for the PTZ device. See PTZ Controls, on page 25 for more
information.
The Stream Profile drop-down list allows you to select a customized or pre-programmed stream pro-
file on the Live View page. Stream profiles are configured under Setup > Video > Stream Profiles,
see Stream Profiles, on page 12 for more information.
The Manual trigger buttons can trigger an event directly from the Live View page. These buttons are
configured under Events.
The Snapshot button saves a snapshot of the video image currently on display. Right-click on the
video image to save it in JPEG format on your computer. This button is primarily intended for use
when the AXIS Media Control viewer toolbar is not available.
The Play button connects to the Axis product and starts playing a media stream.
The Stop button stops the video stream being played.
The Snapshot button takes a snapshot of the current image. The location where the image is saved can be
specified using the AMC Control Panel.
Click the View Full Screen button and the video image will fill the entire screen area. No other windows will
be visible. Press Esc (Escape) on the computer keyboard to cancel full screen view.
The Record button is used to record the current video stream. The location where the recording is saved can
be specified using the AMC Control Panel.

9
AXIS M7001 - Video Streams
Video Streams
The video encoder provides several image and video stream formats. Your requirements and the properties of your network
will determine the type you use.
The Live View page in the video encoder provides access to H.264 and Motion JPEG video streams, and to the list of available
stream profiles. Other applications and clients can also access these video streams/images directly, without going via the Live
View page.
Simultaneous video streams
The AXIS M7001 Video Encoder supports simultaneous streaming of one H.264 stream and one Motion JPEG stream,
individually configured with different resolutions, bit rates, compression levels etc. The error message “503 service
unavailable” is shown if the maximum number of simultaneous streams is exceeded, for example if a user requests a Motion
JPEG stream while another user is accessing Motion JPEG video with a different stream configuration.
How to stream H.264
The H.264 video compression standard makes good use of bandwidth, and can provide high quality video streams at less than
1 Mbit/s.
Deciding which combination of protocols and methods to use depends on your viewing requirements, and on the properties of
your network. The available options in AXIS Media Control are:
AXIS Media Control negotiates with the video encoder to determine the transport protocol to use in the order listed above.
This order can be changed and the options disabled to suit specific requirements.
Important!
H.264 is licensed technology. The video encoder includes one viewing client license. Installing additional unlicensed copies
of the viewing client is prohibited. To purchase additional licenses, contact your Axis reseller.
Unicast RTP This unicast method (RTP over UDP) should
be your first consideration for live unicast
video, especially when it is important to
always have an up-to-date video stream,
even if some images are dropped. Unicasting is used for video-on-demand broadcasting,
so that there is no video traffic on the network until a
client connects and requests the stream.
Note that there are a maximum of 20 simultaneous
unicast connections.
RTP over RTSP This unicast method (RTP tunneled over
RTSP) is useful as it is relatively simple to
configure firewalls to allow RTSP traffic.
RTP over RTSP over
HTTP
This unicast method can be used to traverse
firewalls. Firewalls are commonly configured
to allow the HTTP protocol, thus allowing
RTP to be tunneled.
Multicast RTP This method (RTP over UDP) should be used for live multicast video. The video stream is always
up-to-date, even if some images are dropped.
Multicasting provides the most efficient usage of bandwidth when there are large numbers of cli-
ents viewing simultaneously. A multicast broadcast cannot however, pass a network router unless
the router is configured to allow this. It is not possible to multicast over the Internet, for example.
Note also that all multicast viewers count as one unicast viewer in the maximum total of 20
simultaneous connections.

10
AXIS M7001 - Video Streams
Motion JPEG
This format uses standard JPEG still images for the video stream. These images are then displayed and updated at a rate
sufficient to create a stream that shows constantly updated motion.
The Motion JPEG stream uses considerable amounts of bandwidth, but provides excellent image quality and access to every
image contained in the stream. The recommended method of accessing Motion JPEG live video from the video encoder is to
use the AXIS Media Control in Internet Explorer in Windows.
AXIS Media Control (AMC)
The recommended method of accessing live video from the video encoder
is to use the AXIS Media Control in Internet Explorer in Windows.
The AMC Control Panel can be used to configure various video settings.
Please see the AXIS Media Control User’s Manual for more information.
The AMC Control Panel is automatically installed on first use, after which
it can be configured.
Open the AMC Control Panel from:
• Windows Control Panel (from the Start menu)
• Alternatively, right-click the video image in Internet Explorer and
select Settings.
Alternative methods of accessing the video stream
Video/images from the video encoder can also be accessed in the
following ways:
• Motion JPEG server push (if supported by the client, Firefox, for example). This option maintains an open HTTP connection
to the browser and sends data as and when required, for as long as required.
• Still JPEG images in a browser. Enter the path http://<ip>/axis-cgi/jpg/image.cgi
• Windows Media Player. This requires AXIS Media Control and the H.264 viewing client to be installed. The paths that can
be used are listed below in the order of preference:
• Unicast via RTP: axrtpu://<ip>/axis-media/media.amp
• Unicast via RTSP: axrtsp://<ip>/axis-media/media.amp
• Unicast via RTSP, tunneled via HTTP: axrtsphttp://<ip>/axis-media/media.amp
• Multicast: axrtpm://<ip>/axis-media/media.amp
• To access the video stream from QuickTime™ the following paths can be used:
• rtsp://<ip>/axis-media/media.amp
• rtsp://<ip>/axis-media/media.3gp
Notes:
• The video encoder supports QuickTime 6.5.1 and later.
• QuickTime adds latency to the video stream (up to 3 seconds).
• It may be possible to use other players to view the H.264 stream using the paths above, although Axis does not
guarantee this.
• <ip> = IP address