Bruker AVANCE NEO User manual

AVANCE NEO
Site Planning for AVANCE NEO Systems 300-800
MHz
User Manual
Version 011
Innovation with Integrity
●
NMR

Copyright © by Bruker Corporation
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means without the prior consent of the
publisher. Product names used are trademarks or registered trademarks of their re-
spective holders.
© March 05, 2020 Bruker Corporation
Document Number: 10000055448
P/N: H157654

Contents
H157654_9_011 iii / 120
Contents
1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 7
1.1 Units Used Within This Manual....................................................................................... 7
2 Safety............................................................................................................................................... 9
2.1 The Magnetic Field ......................................................................................................... 9
2.1.1 Exclusion Zone ............................................................................................................... 10
2.1.2 Security Zone.................................................................................................................. 10
2.1.3 The Safety Lines ............................................................................................................. 10
2.1.3.1 The 0.5 mT (5 Gauss) Line ............................................................................................. 11
2.1.3.2 The 3.0 mT (30 Gauss) Line ........................................................................................... 11
2.1.4 Standards on Health and Safety in the Workplace ......................................................... 12
2.2 Transport and Rigging Safety ......................................................................................... 14
2.3 Ventilation ....................................................................................................................... 15
2.3.1 Regular Ventilation.......................................................................................................... 15
2.3.2 Emergency Ventilation .................................................................................................... 15
2.3.3 Oxygen Level Sensors.................................................................................................... 16
2.4 Safe Handling of Cryogenic Substances ........................................................................ 16
2.4.1 What is a Quench ........................................................................................................... 16
2.4.2 Liquid Nitrogen Refills ..................................................................................................... 17
2.4.3 Liquid Helium Refills ....................................................................................................... 17
2.5 Earthquake Safety .......................................................................................................... 18
2.6 Safety from Nearby Construction.................................................................................... 18
2.7 Country-Specific Safety Regulations .............................................................................. 18
2.8 Emergency Planning....................................................................................................... 19
2.8.1 Fire Department Notification ........................................................................................... 19
3 System Components...................................................................................................................... 21
3.1 Superconducting Magnet Components........................................................................... 21
3.2 Console and Other System Components ....................................................................... 22
3.3 CryoProbe System (Optional) ......................................................................................... 23
3.4 CryoProbe Prodigy System (Optional)............................................................................ 24
3.5 Other Optional Components ........................................................................................... 25
4 Magnet Access and Rigging.......................................................................................................... 27
4.1 Considerations for Off-loading on Site ............................................................................ 27
4.2 Considerations for Transport to the NMR laboratory ...................................................... 28
4.3 Transport Dimensions and Weights................................................................................ 29
4.3.1 Magnet Transport Dimensions........................................................................................ 29
4.3.2 Magnet Stand Transport Dimensions ............................................................................. 31
4.3.3 Magnet Transport Weights.............................................................................................. 32
4.3.4 Spectrometer and Accessories Transport Dimensions and Weights.............................. 33
4.4 Rigging Equipment.......................................................................................................... 35
5 Ceiling Height Requirements ........................................................................................................ 37
5.1 Helium Transfer Line....................................................................................................... 38

Contents
iv / 120 H157654_9_011
5.2 Minimum Ceiling Height .................................................................................................. 40
6 Magnetic Fringe Fields................................................................................................................... 43
6.1 Horizontal Fringe Fields .................................................................................................. 44
6.2 Vertical Fringe Fields ...................................................................................................... 45
6.3 Fringe Field Plots ............................................................................................................ 46
7 Environment and Site Survey Measurement ............................................................................... 47
7.1 Vibrations ........................................................................................................................ 47
7.1.1 Integrated Isolator Options.............................................................................................. 48
7.1.2 General Vibration Guidelines .......................................................................................... 48
7.1.3 Measuring Floor Vibrations ............................................................................................. 50
7.1.4 Floor Vibration Guidelines: Bruker EMI Damping System .............................................. 50
7.1.5 Floor Vibration Guidelines: Bruker Nano-C and Nano-D ................................................ 52
7.1.6 Floor Vibration Guidelines: Bruker Nano-C API Damping System ................................. 53
7.2 Magnetic Environment .................................................................................................... 55
7.2.1 Guidelines for Static Objects........................................................................................... 55
7.2.2 Guidelines for Moving Objects ........................................................................................ 55
7.3 Electromagnetic Interference .......................................................................................... 56
7.3.1 Types of EMF Interference ............................................................................................. 56
7.3.2 DC EMF Interference ...................................................................................................... 56
7.3.2.1 Measuring DC Fluctuating Fields.................................................................................... 57
7.3.2.2 Guidelines for DC Interference ....................................................................................... 57
7.3.2.3 Reducing DC Interference .............................................................................................. 57
7.3.3 AC EMF Interference ...................................................................................................... 58
7.3.3.1 Measuring AC EMF Interferences................................................................................... 58
7.3.3.2 Guidelines for AC EMF Interference ............................................................................... 59
7.3.3.3 Reducing AC EMF Interference ...................................................................................... 59
7.3.4 HF Interference ............................................................................................................... 59
7.3.4.1 Measuring HF Fluctuating Fields .................................................................................... 60
7.3.4.2 Most Commonly Studied Nuclei...................................................................................... 60
7.3.4.3 Guidelines for HF Interference........................................................................................ 60
7.3.4.4 Reducing HF Interference............................................................................................... 60
8 Utility Requirements....................................................................................................................... 61
8.1 Electrical Power Requirements....................................................................................... 61
8.1.1 System Grounding and Potential Equalization of Avance Systems................................ 63
8.2 Telecommunication......................................................................................................... 64
8.3 Compressed Gas ............................................................................................................ 64
8.3.1 General Requirements.................................................................................................... 64
8.3.2 Gas Supply ..................................................................................................................... 65
8.3.3 Other Specifications........................................................................................................ 66
8.3.4 Compressed Air System ................................................................................................. 67
8.3.4.1 Air Compressors ............................................................................................................. 68
8.3.4.2 Dryers ............................................................................................................................. 69
8.3.4.3 Filters .............................................................................................................................. 70
8.4 Liquid Nitrogen Requirements ........................................................................................ 70
8.5 Cooling Water ................................................................................................................. 70
8.6 Lighting ........................................................................................................................... 71

Contents
H157654_9_011 v / 120
8.7 HVAC (Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning) .................................................................. 71
8.7.1 Heat Dissipation into the Room ...................................................................................... 72
8.7.2 System Stability .............................................................................................................. 73
8.8 Emergency Ventilation During Installation and Quenches.............................................. 73
8.8.1 Emergency Exhaust Solutions ........................................................................................ 75
8.9 Fire Detection System and Fire Extinguishers................................................................ 77
9 Floor Plan ........................................................................................................................................ 79
9.1 Magnet Location ............................................................................................................. 79
9.2 Dimensions and Mass of Equipment .............................................................................. 80
9.3 Floor Load....................................................................................................................... 80
9.4 Floor Types ..................................................................................................................... 83
9.5 Magnet Pits ..................................................................................................................... 83
9.6 Magnet Platform.............................................................................................................. 84
9.7 Helium Flex Lines ........................................................................................................... 84
9.8 Maximum Field Strengths for NMR Equipment............................................................... 85
9.9 Cabinet Position.............................................................................................................. 85
9.10 Worktable Position .......................................................................................................... 85
9.11 Service Access Requirements ........................................................................................ 86
9.12 Layout Examples ............................................................................................................ 87
10 CryoProbe and Other Accessories ............................................................................................... 91
10.1 CryoCooling Unit............................................................................................................. 93
10.2 Helium Compressors ...................................................................................................... 93
10.2.1 Available Models............................................................................................................. 93
10.2.1.1 Helium Compressor - Indoor Water Cooled.................................................................... 94
10.2.1.2 Helium Compressor - Indoor Air Cooled ......................................................................... 96
10.2.1.3 Helium Compressor - Outdoor Air Cooled ...................................................................... 97
10.2.2 Space Requirements and Specifications ........................................................................ 97
10.2.2.1 Indoor Helium Compressors ........................................................................................... 97
10.2.2.2 Outdoor Helium Compressors ........................................................................................ 98
10.3 Helium Cylinders............................................................................................................. 99
10.4 Summary of CryoProbe Options ..................................................................................... 99
10.5 CryoProbe Prodigy System (Optional)............................................................................101
10.6 CryoFit ............................................................................................................................103
10.6.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................103
10.6.2 Installation Requirements ...............................................................................................103
11 Installation....................................................................................................................................... 105
11.1 Overview .........................................................................................................................105
11.2 Accessibility ....................................................................................................................105
11.3 Installation Requirements Checklist................................................................................106
11.4 Installation Procedure .....................................................................................................106
11.4.1 Magnet Assembly ...........................................................................................................106
11.4.2 Magnet Evacuation and Flushing with Nitrogen Gas ......................................................107
11.4.3 Cooling the Magnet to Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ......................................................107
11.4.4 Cooling the Magnet to Liquid Helium Temperatures.......................................................107
11.4.5 Charging the Magnet ......................................................................................................107
12 Contact ............................................................................................................................................ 111

Contents
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List of Figures................................................................................................................................. 113
List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. 115
Index ................................................................................................................................................ 117

Introduction
H157654_9_011 7 / 120
1 Introduction
This manual contains information about site planning and preparation prior to delivery of a
Bruker AVANCE NEO system. The manual should be read through carefully as mistakes
made initially may be costly to remedy at a later stage.
The systems covered by this manual are AVANCE NEO spectrometers in the range of
300-800 MHz.
The chapters within this manual deal with various points that need to be considered for suc-
cessful system operation. They have been included to familiarize you with general principles
of successful site planning. For specific questions that may not be addressed in this manual,
or for further information on a topic, do not hesitate to contact your local Bruker office. Please
also review the Installation Questionaire at the end of the manual.
Recommendations regarding site planning are based on the experience gained by Bruker
BioSpin engineers through the years. Every effort has been made to make the site
requirements realistic and readily achievable. It must be stressed however, that the figures
quoted are only recommendations. Likewise, any performance values that are used are
minimum values that should be readily achievable by every system. Predicting NMR
performance is complicated by the fact that every site is unique. This manual has been
written to help you plan the site, but it carries no guarantee of ultimate NMR performance.
While every effort has been made to ensure the information contained herein is accurate,
Bruker BioSpin accepts no liability for consequential loss or damage arising from its use.
Specifications are subject to change without notice and where a value (e.g., ceiling height)
lies close to a recommended minimum value you are advised to check with Bruker BioSpin
before final delivery.
1.1 Units Used Within This Manual
The SI Unit Tesla (mT) is used throughout this manual whenever magnetic field strengths are
discussed. Some readers may however be more familiar with the Gauss (G) Unit.
For comparison the conversion fact is: 1 mT=10 G
Likewise the unit kilowatt is used for the measure of heat energy (e.g. amount of heat gener-
ated by a device per hour). Some readers may be more familiar with these measurements in
BTU/hour:
For comparison the conversion factor is: 1 BTU/hour=0.000293 kW.
(BTU = British Thermal Unit which is the required heat to raise 1 pound of H2O by 1 degree
Fahrenheit).

Introduction
8 / 120 H157654_9_011
Wherever possible both the metric and American (North and South) measure units have been
used throughout this manual. In most cases the weights and measures have been rounded
upwards where necessary. The following table offers the common metric to American conver-
sion factors used in this manual:
Measure Metric Units American Standard
Units
Conversion Factor
(rounded to nearest
hundredth)
Linear meter (m)
centimeter (cm)
feet (ft.)
inch (in.)
1 m = 3.28 ft.
1 m = 39.37 in.
1 cm = 0.394 in.
Distance kilometer (km) mile (mi.) 1 km = 0.62 mi.
Area square meter (m2) square foot (ft2) 1 m2 = 10.76 ft2
Volume cubic meter (m3)
liter (l)
cubic foot (ft3)
quart (qt.)
1 m3 = 35.32 ft3
1 l = 1.06 qt. (liquid)
Weight kilogram (kg) pounds (lbs.) 1 kg. = 2.21 lbs.
Pressure bar pounds/square inch
(psi)
atmosphere (ATM)
1 bar = 14.51 psi
1 bar = 0.99 ATM
(standard)
Flow (e.g. gas
flow)
cubic meter/minute
(m3/min.)
cubic feet/minute (ft3/
min.)
1 m3/min. = 35.32 ft3/
min.
Temperature °C °F F = C × 1.8 + 32
°F °C C = (F - 32) / 1.8
°C K K = C + 273.15
K °C C = K - 273.15
°F K K = (F + 459.67) / 1.8
K °F F = K × 1.8 - 459.67
Magnet Field
Strength
Tesla (T) Gauss (G) 1 T = 104G
Heat Energy BTU/hour kW 1 BTU/hour =
0.000293 kW
BTU = British Thermal Unit which is the required heat to raise 1 pound of H20 by 1 de-
gree Fahrenheit.
SI = International System of Units.
Table1.1: Metric to American Conversion Factors

Safety
H157654_9_011 9 / 120
2 Safety
These safety notes must be read and understood by everyone who comes into contact with
superconducting magnet systems. Proper training is required for all people having access to
such systems. It is essential that clear information signs are placed and maintained to effec-
tively warn people that they are entering a hazardous area.
Please refer to Bruker’s General Safety Considerations for the Installation and Opera-
tion of Superconducting Magnets, available from Bruker.
2.1 The Magnetic Field
Since the magnetic field of the magnet system is three dimensional, consideration must be
given to floors above and below the magnet, as well as to the surrounding space on the floor
the magnet resides on. The magnetic field exerts attractive forces on equipment and objects
in its vicinity. These forces, which increase drastically approaching the magnet, may become
strong enough to move large equipment and to cause small objects or equipment to become
projectiles.
It is important to consider personnel and equipment in the rooms above, below, and
adjacent to the room where the magnet will be located:
Figure2.1: Stronger Fringe Fields in Vertical Direction than in Horizontal Direction
The magnetic field may affect the operation of electronic medical implants such as pace-
makers, if exposed to fields greater than 5 Gauss. Medical implants such as aneurysm clips,
surgical clips or prostheses may also be attracted. Further care must be taken around chang-
ing fields (e.g. pulsed gradient fields). Eddy currents could be generated in the implant result-
ing in heat generation and/or unwanted torques.

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10 / 120 H157654_9_011
Ensure that all loose ferromagnetic objects are outside the 5 Gauss (0.5 mT) field zone of
the magnet before the magnet is ramped to field. Human experience and reaction speed are
totally inadequate to cope with the extremely nonlinear forces the magnet exerts on iron ob-
jects. Therefore no ferromagnetic objects should be allowed to enter the magnet room after
the magnet is energized.
2.1.1 Exclusion Zone
The Exclusion Zone is the area inside the magnet's 5 Gauss (0.5 mT) field line, extended in
all directions, including rooms above and below the magnet area.
Individuals with cardiac or other medically active implants must be prevented from entering
this area. The exclusion zone must be enforced with a combination of warning signs and
physical barriers.
2.1.2 Security Zone
The Security Zone is usually confined to the room that houses the magnet.
Ferromagnetic objects should not be allowed inside the security zone to prevent them from
becoming projectiles.
2.1.3 The Safety Lines
The EU directive 2013/35/EU describes these safety lines for magnetic flux density of static
magnetic fields in its Annex II “Non-thermal effects – Exposure Limit Values and Action Lev-
els in the Frequency Range of 0 Hz to 10 MHz”, in Table B4 as so-called Action Levels
(ALs).
Hazards Action Levels (Bo)
Interference with active implanted devices, e.g. cardiac pace-
makers.
0.5 mT
Attraction and projectile risk in the fringe field of high field
strength sources (> 100 mT).
3 mT
Table2.1: Action Levels for Magnetic Flux Density of Static Magnetic Fields
Notes:
• To find out where these safety lines are, please refer to the chapter Magnetic Fringe
Fields [}43].
• The > 100 mT value for high field sources refers to the central field of these sources (i.e.
magnets) and not to the strength of fringe fields.
• The Action Levels (B0) values refer to the strength of fringe field and not to the commonly
known B0 central magnetic field of the NMR magnet.

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H157654_9_011 11 / 120
2.1.3.1 The 0.5 mT (5 Gauss) Line
People at particular risk
People with active implanted devices, e.g. cardiac pacemakers where an interference with
magnetic fields can lead to serious health consequences, are at particular risk.
The employer and/or system owner (with reference to the EU directive 2013/35/EU – Chapter
II Obligations of Employers, Art. 4., Sec. 5) is in charge of risk of work safety in the environ-
ment and must identify any members that are part of the group of people at particular risk be-
fore they are allowed to enter the environment. The employer needs to address the following
questions.
• Who wears active medical implants, especially cardiac pacemakers?
• Who wears passive medical (metallic) implants, like endo-prosthesis or stents or similar
devices?
• Who wears medical devices that are worn on the body, especially insulin pumps?
• Who wears other (metallic) objects in or on their body that might be influenced by EMF,
such as piercings, embedded metal splinters, removable dentures, war and/or shot in-
juries, etc.?
• Is there a person with limited physical resilience?
• Are pregnant workers in the group?
These people at particular risk must be officially informed, warned and advised to stay out-
side of the 5 Gauss line to prevent and avoid any health risks. The approach must be the
same for workers (e.g. pregnant workers) as well as for visitors in the environment.
2.1.3.2 The 3.0 mT (30 Gauss) Line
Flying Objects
With field strength sources of > 100mT there is a high risk of attraction and movement of ob-
jects (with ferromagnetic composures), so that these objects might become projectiles and
cause new risk sources for any person or equipment (e.g. sensitive instruments) in the envi-
ronment. In order to prevent this, such objects must always be kept outside the 30 Gauss
line.
Safety training must be provided to all staff members who may enter the environment, like
cleaning personnel, maintenance or service providers or even employees from other
providers. The individuals must be informed accordingly and warned about restrictions when
taking specific materials beyond the safety lines, and the risk of doing so.
This information must also be available in case of hazardous situations, when emergency
personnel, like firefighters, will enter the environment with their equipment.

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12 / 120 H157654_9_011
2.1.4 Standards on Health and Safety in the Workplace
International Standards and EMF Guidelines
There are several (also new) Guidelines on Limits of Exposure to Static Magnetic Fields intro-
duced globally by the ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protec-
tion) and in Europe by the EU (European Union), which are especially useful for employers
and/or system owners. Those EMF guidelines give separate guidance for occupational expo-
sures and exposure of the general public.
Bruker strongly recommends to obtain these relevant documents from the homepages of
ICNIRP and the EU and to study them together with the safety information given in this
section and in Bruker manuals. See guide information and links below (Rev. Oct. 2017).
• ICNIRP – Info and guidelines to Static Magnetic Fields:
http://www.icnirp.org/en/frequencies/static-magnetic-fields-0-hz/index.html
• EU – Non-binding guides to good practice for implementing EMF directive 2013/35/EU
EMF Guide – Volume 1 - Practical guide (Catalog No.: KE-04-15-140-EN-N)
http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=738&langId=en&pubId=7845&furtherPubs=yes
EMF Guide – Volume 2 - Case studies (Catalog No.: KE-04-15-141-EN-N)
http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=738&langId=en&pubId=7846&furtherPubs=yes
See chapter 2. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectrometer
EMF Guide – Volume 3 - Guide for SMEs (Catalog No.: KE-04-15-142-EN-N)
(for small and medium sized enterprises)
http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=738&langId=en&pubId=7850&furtherPubs=yes
• DE – Germany – Gefährdungen durch elektromagnetische Felder
https://www.baua.de/DE/Themen/Arbeitsgestaltung-im-Betrieb/Physikalische-Faktoren-
und-Arbeitsumgebung/Elektromagnetische-Felder/Regelungen-EMF.html
• DGUV Vorschrift 15 - Unfallverhütungsvorschrift “Elektromagnetische Felder” (former
BGV B11)
http://publikationen.dguv.de/dguv/pdf/10002/vorschrift15.pdf
Occupational Exposures – Exposure Limit Values (ELVs)
ELVs below 1 Hz (Table A1 of EMF directive) are limits for static magnetic field which is not
affected by the tissue of the body. It is recommended that occupational exposure of the head
and the body/trunk should not exceed a spatial peak magnetic flux density of maximum peak
values of 2 T. An exception is work applications for which maximum exposures above 2 T are
deemed necessary. For these, exposure up to maximum peak values of 8 T can be permit-
ted, if the environment is under controlled working conditions and appropriate work practices
are implemented to control movement-included effects.
Sensory effects ELVs
Normal working conditions 2 T
Localised limbs exposure 8 T
Health effects ELVs
Controlled working conditions 8 T
Table2.2: ELVs for External Magnetic Flux Density (B0) and 0 to 1 Hz

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H157654_9_011 13 / 120
The next table shows the maximum retention periods within different fringe field regions be-
low 5 Tesla for standard precautionary situations. The corresponding spatial regions within
and around the super-conducting magnet can be worked out from the fringe-field plots of the
magnet being used.
Magnetic Flux Retention Period Parts of the Body
5T < 20 Minutes Extremities
4T < 25 Minutes Extremities
3T < 34 Minutes Extremities
2T < 52 Minutes Head/Body
1T < 1 Hour 42 Minutes Head/Body
0.5T < 3 Hours 23 Minutes Head/Body
0.3T < 5 Hours 39 Minutes Head/Body
We do not take any responsibility for the numbers given in this table!
Table2.3: Example of Maximum Retention Periods
If higher field strength is accessible inside the magnet by a user’s extremities, a correspond-
ing table for non-standard situations can be worked out from the table above. However, the
analysis must be carried out in a more detailed and differentiated manner and a greater num-
ber of more important conditions must be strictly fulfilled.
General Public Exposures – Electromagnetic Fields and Public Health
Based on scientific knowledge on the direct effects of static fields on humans, acute exposure
of the general public should not exceed 400 mT (any part of the body). However, because of
potential indirect adverse effects, ICNIRP recognizes that practical policies need to be imple-
mented to prevent inadvertent harmful exposure of people with implanted electronic medical
devices and implants containing ferromagnetic materials, and injuries due to flying ferromag-
netic objects, and these considerations can lead to much lower restriction levels, such as 0.5
mT (IEC 2002). The exposure limits to be set with regards to these non-biological effects are
not, however, the duty of ICNIRP (extract from ICNIRP Guidelines published 2009).
With reference to the WHO (World Health Organization – see www.who.int/emf), it is not pos-
sible to determine whether there are any long-term health consequences even from exposure
in the milli-Tesla (mT) range because, to date, there are no well-conducted epidemiological or
long-term animal studies. Thus, the carcinogenicity of static magnetic fields to humans is not
at present classifiable (IARC, 2002).
European Community Directive
The European Community did release a Directive 2004/40/EC on the minimum health and
safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical
agents (electromagnetic fields).
This directive, depending on the frequency, specifies the following limits of exposure to elec-
tromagnetic fields:
Frequency Range Magnetic Field Strength H Magnetic Flux Density B
0…1 Hz 1.63 x 105 A/m 0.2 T or 200 mT
This specification and the following more detailed national regulations are an example that
fulfills the requirements defined and valid within the EU. Depending on the country where the
system is being installed, it is necessary to clarify the country specific or local regulations with
respect to exposure and safety in magnetic fields.

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14 / 120 H157654_9_011
Magnetic field strength is a vector quantity (H), which, together with the magnetic flux density,
specifies a magnetic field at any point in space. It is expressed in Ampere per meter. (A/m).
Magnetic flux density is a vector quantity (B), resulting in a force that acts on moving charges,
expressed in (T). In free space and in biological materials, magnetic flux density and mag-
netic field strength can be interchanged using the equivalence 1 A/m = 4π 10-7 T.
German Regulations
In Germany, regulation BGV B15 describes the maximum exposure doses in two basic ta-
bles. The first table below applies to situations under the standard precautionary conditions,
whereas the second table applies to systems with field strengths above 5 Tesla and can only
be applied to certain subgroups of people, which meet nonstandard precautionary conditions.
Details on the different precautionary conditions and subgroups of people are given in the
document BGV B15 document.
Exposure Maximum Magnetic Flux Density
Average over 8 hours 212 mT
Peak values for head and body 2T
Peak values for extremities 5T
Standards on health and safety in the workplace for standard precautions
and users, according to BGV B15.
Table2.4: BGV B15 Standards for Standard Precautions and Users
Exposure Maximum Magnetic Flux Density
Average over 8 hours 4T
Peak values for head and body 2T
Peak values for extremities 10T
Health and safety standard in the workplace applicable under special con-
ditions to selected subgroups of people, according to BGV B15
Table2.5: BGV B15 Standards Under Special Conditions for Selected Subgroups
2.2 Transport and Rigging Safety
The following safety notices pertain to the transport and rigging of AVANCE NEO systems:
• The magnet should always be transported gently in an upright position.
• The magnets are sensitive to shocks and tilting, thus are fitted with shock and tilt watches
during transportation.
• Only certified operators of fork lifts, pallet jacks and cranes should handle the transport
and rigging.
• Crates should not be left outside, but should be brought inside immediately to protect
equipment.
• Storage conditions:
– Temperature: 5-40 °C
For a relocation of NMR systems please contact your local Bruker Service office for further
details and arrangements.

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H157654_9_011 15 / 120
2.3 Ventilation
Typical NMR superconducting magnets use liquid cryogens as cooling agents. During normal
operation of the magnet system it can be expected that a boil-off will occur:
• A normal boil-off of liquids contained in the magnet will occur based on the established
boil-off specifications.
• A boil-off of cryogens will occur during regular refills.
A very large increase in volume accompanies vaporization of the cryogenic liquids into gas.
The cryogenic gas to liquid volume ratios are approximately 740:1 for helium; 680:1 for nitro-
gen. Due to this large increase in volume the vapor may displace the air in an enclosed room.
If someone is in the room, this may lead to asphyxiation. To prevent this and other dangers,
the following minimum general safety rules concerning ventilation apply:
• Cryogenic liquids, even when kept in insulated storage dewars, remain at a constant tem-
perature by their respective boiling points and will gradually evaporate. These dewars
must always be allowed to vent or dangerous pressure buildup will occur.
• Cryogenic liquids must be handled and stored in well ventilated areas.
•Exit doors must open to the outside, to allow safe exit in the event the room becomes
pressurized by helium gas during a magnet quench.
• Room layout, ceiling clearance and magnet height must be such that an easy transfer of
liquid nitrogen and helium is possible. This will considerably reduce the risk of accidents.
2.3.1 Regular Ventilation
Regular HVAC systems should be able to handle 3 - 5 room air exchanges per hour, and pro-
vide temperature stability of +/- 1°C per 24 hours for 300-500 MHz systems, and +/- 0.5°C
per 24 hours for 600 MHz and above,. Please refer to HVAC (Heating Ventilation Air Condi-
tioning) [}71] for more details.
2.3.2 Emergency Ventilation
Depending on the actual size of the magnet room, a large amount of He and/or N2 gas could
displace the air in the room. This is possible during the initial cooling of the magnet, during
follow-up cryogen fills, or in case of a quench. Therefore, an emergency exhaust system may
be required to avoid asphyxiation. Please refer to the section Emergency Ventilation During
Installation and Quenches [}73], for more details.
Pits
As discussed in HVAC (Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning) [}71], continuous air flow (ex-
haust) is required within the confines of a magnet pit. A low exhaust down in the pit is recom-
mended. Additional emergency ventilation may also be necessary. Since nitrogen gas cannot
be detected by the human senses, an oxygen sensor mounted in the pit will trigger an in-
creased rate of exhaust.

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16 / 120 H157654_9_011
2.3.3 Oxygen Level Sensors
Oxygen (O2) monitors, or level sensors, are required in the magnet room to detect low levels
of O2 due to cryogenic gases. At a minimum the following sensors must be provided:
• One oxygen level sensor must be above the magnet, to detect low oxygen levels caused
by high helium gas levels.
• One oxygen level sensor approx. 10 cm off the floor of the magnet room.
• One additional oxygen level sensor approx. 10 cm off the bottom of the pit, in case the
magnet is located inside a pit.
These monitors and sensors generally must be located outside the 0.5 mT (5 G) line. Check
with original equipment manufacturer for information on the effects of magnet fields on these
devices.
Please refer to Emergency Ventilation During Installation and Quenches [}73] for more in-
formation on ventilation and exhaust solutions.
2.4 Safe Handling of Cryogenic Substances
Superconducting NMR magnets use liquid helium (all magnets) and nitrogen (only non-Aeon
magnets) as cooling agents, keeping the magnet core at a very low temperature. The safe
handling of cryogenic liquids requires some knowledge of the physical properties of these liq-
uids, common sense, and sufficient understanding to predict the reactions of such liquids un-
der certain physical conditions.
Cryogenic liquids, even when kept in insulated storage vessels (dewars), remain at a con-
stant temperature by their respective boiling temperature. As a result, a fraction of the liquid
constantly evaporates into the gas phase, leading to a pressure build-up inside the storage
dewar. A very important characteristic of cryogens is their enormous increase in volume dur-
ing the conversion from liquid to gaseous phase. This conversion follows a raise in gas tem-
perature starting at the boiling temperatures of the cryogenic liquids and going up towards
room temperature.
The gases are nontoxic and completely harmless as long as adequate ventilation is provided
to avoid suffocation. During normal operation only a small hourly rate of cryogen is evapo-
rated, but during a quench, an extremely large quantity of helium gas is produced within a
short time.
Cryogenic liquids must be handled and stored in well ventilated areas. Containers for cryo-
genic liquids must be constructed with non-magnetic materials and should be specifically de-
signed for use with particular cryogens. Be sure to read and follow any specific instructions
provided by the container manufacturer concerning their individual products.
2.4.1 What is a Quench
A magnet quench is the breakdown of superconductivity in a partially or fully energized mag-
net. The stored field energy is transformed into heat, leading to a fast evaporation of liquid
helium. During a quench, an extremely large quantity of helium gas is produced within a short
time.
Although helium gas is inert, if generated in large enough quantities, it can displace the oxy-
gen in the room causing potential danger of suffocation (refer to Emergency Ventilation Dur-
ing Installation and Quenches [}73]).

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2.4.2 Liquid Nitrogen Refills
Keep contact with air at a minimum. When liquid nitrogen is exposed to air, it can con-
dense and become as hazardous as liquid oxygen. The pressure relief valve for the nitro-
gen vessel should be mounted at all times, even when the vessel is being refilled. Special at-
tention is required for the transportation of cryogens by elevator, no one should be al-
lowed to be in the elevator with a cryogen dewar.
When the vessel is being refilled, liquid nitrogen should not be allowed to spill onto the room
temperature bore closure flanges. Place gum rubber or Teflon tubes on the nitrogen neck
tubes during refill. The transfer should be stopped immediately when the vessel is full. Failure
to observe this can lead to the freezing of the O-rings and a subsequent vacuum loss of the
magnet cryostat.
The liquid cryogen transport dewars used to refill the magnet must be of the low pressure
type. Never use high pressure gas-packs. The dewar must have a fixture for pressurizing
and transferring via a stainless steel or corrugated plastic tube (10 mm inner diameter).
Where possible the dewar should be self pressuring. The typical transport dewar pressure for
transferring liquid nitrogen is 0.10 - 0.20 bar (1-3 psi), the maximum 0.35 bar (5 psi).
The refill procedure is described in detail in the magnet manual. For further information on liq-
uid nitrogen requirements, refer to the chapter Liquid Nitrogen Requirements [}70].
2.4.3 Liquid Helium Refills
Liquid helium is the coldest of all cryogenic liquids, therefore it will condense and solidify any
other gas (air) coming in contact with it. The consequent danger is that pipes and vents may
become blocked with frozen gas. Vacuum insulated pipes should be used for transferring liq-
uid helium.
Liquid helium must be kept in specially designed storage or transport dewars. A one-way
valve is supplied to avoid air or moisture from entering the helium vessel. This is to prevent
ice from building and plugging the neck tubes. The 0.2 bar valve must be mounted at all
times even during a helium transfer.
Often, permanently installed helium gas lines are used to pressurize the liquid helium trans-
port dewars during the helium refills. Alternatively, helium gas cylinders can be used. The he-
lium gas cylinder should never be brought close to the magnet and should always be kept
well outside the 5 Gauss line. The gas cylinder should be secured to a wall or structural col-
umn well outside the 5 Gauss line to prevent a dangerous accident. A He gas purity of 4.6
(99.996%) is recommended.
The refill procedure is described in detail in the magnet manual.
CAUTION
Danger of cold burns or freezing during the transfer of liquid helium.
During the transfer of liquid helium it is possible that cold burns or freezing may occur.
uThe transfer of liquid helium can be done easily and safely, provided the helium transfer
line is in good condition, is handled correctly, and the transfer pressure does not exceed
3.5 psi (0.24 bar).
uNever connect a warm helium transfer line to the magnet as the warm helium gas could
disturb the magnet temperature.
uAlways allow the helium transfer line to cool down to helium temperature before
connecting it to the short end inserted into the helium fill port.
uAdequate protection and clothing is required at all times when handling, transferring, or
operating near cryogenic fluids.

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NOTICE
Material damage hazard to iPhone phones from helium gas
If you have an iPhone 7 or newer model, you’ll need to take special care in environments
where elevated levels of helium in the air can occur, e.g. when cooling magnet and/or during
magnet quenches.
uFollow the user instructions provided for the iPhone by Apple.
uKeep your iPhone out of range of the magnet system, liquid helium transport dewars or
gas cylinders.
2.5 Earthquake Safety
In regions where there is a potential risk of earthquakes, additional precautions should be
taken to reduce the chance of personal injury or property damage through movement or tip-
ping of the magnet.
Many countries or regions have documented regulations, including building codes, regarding
earthquakes. Before installing a magnet system, it is highly advisable that you check with lo-
cal authorities on whether your area is prone to earthquakes and if there are any regulations
in effect.
If the installation site is regarded as an earthquake area, please contact Bruker for informa-
tion on earthquake securing equipment.
2.6 Safety from Nearby Construction
In a magnet system hazards come basically from two sources:
• Mechanical breakdown of the mounting suspension in the magnet system.
• Quench as a result of mechanical movement of the superconductor and as a result the
magnet reaching a critical temperature.
No permanent damage results from the mechanical movement of the superconductor, how-
ever when the suspension is damaged, it must be repaired.
These amplitudes are mainly in the vertical direction. For permanent faults we give a maxi-
mum peak value of 0.01 g (0.0981 m/s2) for systems with activated ADI or API dampers. Un-
damped systems can be operated up to a maximum of 1 mg or 9.81 mm/s2. NMR measure-
ments are not possible in these vibration entries.
For short term accelerations, which can occur during earthquakes, we have experienced that
the NMR magnet systems survive a strength of 6.0 or accelerations up to 0.2 g > 90%.
2.7 Country-Specific Safety Regulations
In addition to the above safety precautions, any country-specific safety regulations for operat-
ing NMR systems must be fulfilled. These may include, for example, regulations on:
• Facilities of a controlled access area around the magnet.
• Working conditions at computer stations.
• Use of anesthesia gases.
• Handling of laboratory and transgenic animals.

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2.8 Emergency Planning
Due to the strong magnetic fields and presence of cryogens when using NMR systems, it is
important to define and communicate what to do in case of problems or an emergency. An
Emergency Plan can be defined as a documented set of instructions on what to do if some-
thing goes wrong. Emergency Plans are often defined as part of the Standard Operating Pro-
cedures (SOP), or as a stand-alone document. In any case every NMR laboratory should
have an Emergency Plan in effect.
As every organization has its own policies and procedures, as well as varying laboratory lay-
outs, an Emergency Plan should be individually defined by the customer for their laboratory
as appropriate. The Emergency Plan is the responsibility of the customer and of the building
and facility management.
2.8.1 Fire Department Notification
It is recommended that the magnet operator introduce the fire department and/or local au-
thorities to the magnet site. It is important that these organizations be informed of the poten-
tial risks of the magnet system, e.g. that much of the magnetic rescue equipment (oxygen-
cylinders, fire extinguishers, axe's etc.) can be hazardous close to the magnet system. In ad-
dition, their expertise and experience can be invaluable in creating an Emergency plan.
• In a NMR laboratory use only non-magnetic fire extinguishers.
• Breathing equipment which uses oxygen tanks made out of magnetic material can be life
threatening when used close to a magnet system which is energized.
• During a quench helium gas escaping from the system must not be mistaken for smoke.
Instruct the fire department and technical service not to “extinguish” the magnet system
with water. The outlet valves could freeze and prevent the quench valves from closing.
• Laboratory windows which are accessible during an emergency must be clearly marked
with warning signs, visible from the outside.

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