Cambium Networks PMP 450 Technical manual

Cambium
PMP 450 Planning Guide
System Release 13.1

PMP 450 module essential information
Default IP Address for Management GUI Access 169.254.1.1
Default Administrator Username admin
Default Administrator Password (no password)
Software Upgrade Procedure See “Updating the software version and using
CNUT” in the PMP 450 Configuration and User
Guide
Resetting to Factory Defaults (2 options)
1. On the radio GUI, navigate to Configuration,
Unit Settings and select Set to Factory
Defaults
OR
2. On the radio GUI, navigate to Configuration,
Unit Settings and enable and save option Set to
Factory Defaults Upon Default Plug
Detection. When the unit is powered on with a
default/override plug (see section “Acquiring the
Override Plug” in the PMP 450 Configuration
and User Guide) the radio will be returned to its
factory default settings.
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Accuracy
While reasonable efforts have been made to assure the accuracy of this document, Cambium Networks assumes no
liability resulting from any inaccuracies or omissions in this document, or from use of the information obtained herein.
Cambium reserves the right to make changes to any products described herein to improve reliability, function, or design,
and reserves the right to revise this document and to make changes from time to time in content hereof with no obligation
to notify any person of revisions or changes. Cambium does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use
of any product, software, or circuit described herein; neither does it convey license under its patent rights or the rights of
others. It is possible that this publication may contain references to, or information about Cambium products (machines
and programs), programming, or services that are not announced in your country. Such references or information must not
be construed to mean that Cambium intends to announce such Cambium products, programming, or services in your
country.
Copyrights
This document, Cambium products, and 3rd Party Software products described in this document may include or describe
copyrighted Cambium and other 3rd Party supplied computer programs stored in semiconductor memories or other media.
Laws in the United States and other countries preserve for Cambium, its licensors, and other 3rd Party supplied software
certain exclusive rights for copyrighted material, including the exclusive right to copy, reproduce in any form, distribute
and make derivative works of the copyrighted material. Accordingly, any copyrighted material of Cambium, its licensors,
or the 3rd Party software supplied material contained in the Cambium products described in this document may not be
copied, reproduced, reverse engineered, distributed, merged or modified in any manner without the express written
permission of Cambium. Furthermore, the purchase of Cambium products shall not be deemed to grant either directly or
by implication, estoppel, or otherwise, any license under the copyrights, patents or patent applications of Cambium or
other 3rd Party supplied software, except for the normal non-exclusive, royalty free license to use that arises by operation
of law in the sale of a product.
Restrictions
Software and documentation are copyrighted materials. Making unauthorized copies is prohibited by law. No part of the
software or documentation may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any
language or computer language, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of Cambium.
License Agreements
The software described in this document is the property of Cambium and its licensors. It is furnished by express license
agreement only and may be used only in accordance with the terms of such an agreement.
High Risk Materials
Components, units, or 3rd Party products used in the product described herein are NOT fault-tolerant and are NOT
designed, manufactured, or intended for use as on-line control equipment in the following hazardous environments
requiring fail-safe controls: the operation of Nuclear Facilities, Aircraft Navigation or Aircraft Communication Systems,
Air Traffic Control, Life Support, or Weapons Systems (High Risk Activities). Cambium and its supplier(s) specifically
disclaim any expressed or implied warranty of fitness for such High Risk Activities.
© 2014 Cambium Networks, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
pmp-0047 (March 2014) iii

Safety and regulatory information
This section describes important safety and regulatory guidelines that must be observed by personnel installing or
operating PMP 450 equipment.
Important safety information
To prevent loss of life or physical injury, observe the safety guidelines in this section.
Power lines
Exercise extreme care when working near power lines.
Working at heights
Exercise extreme care when working at heights.
Grounding and protective earth
PMP 450 units must be properly grounded to protect against lightning. It is the user’s responsibility to install the
equipment in accordance with national regulations. In the USA, follow Section 810 of the National Electric Code,
ANSI/NFPA No.70-1984 (USA). In Canada, follow Section 54 of the Canadian Electrical Code. These codes
describe correct installation procedures for grounding the outdoor unit, mast, lead-in wire and discharge unit, size of
grounding conductors and connection requirements for grounding electrodes. Other regulations may apply in
different countries and therefore it is recommended that installation of the outdoor unit be contracted to a
professional installer.
Powering down before servicing
Always power down and unplug the equipment before servicing.
Primary disconnect device
The AP or SM unit’s power supply is the primary disconnect device.
External cables
Safety may be compromised if outdoor rated cables are not used for connections that will be exposed to the outdoor
environment.
iv pmp-0047 (March 2014)

RF exposure near the antenna
Radio frequency (RF) fields will be present close to the antenna when the transmitter is on. Always turn off the
power to the PMP 450 unit before undertaking maintenance activities in front of the antenna.
Minimum separation distances
Install the AP/SM so as to provide and maintain the minimum separation distances from all persons.
The minimum separation distances for each frequency variant are specified in Calculated distances and power
compliance margins on page 3-14.
Important regulatory information
The PMP 450 product is certified as an unlicensed device in frequency bands where it is not allowed to cause
interference to licensed services (called primary users of the bands).
Radar avoidance
In countries where radar systems are the primary band users, the regulators have mandated special requirements to
protect these systems from interference caused by unlicensed devices. Unlicensed devices must detect and avoid
co-channel operation with radar systems.
Installers and users must meet all local regulatory requirements for radar detection. To meet these requirements,
users must set the correct Country Code during commissioning of the PMP 450. If this is not done, installers and
users may be liable to civil and criminal penalties.
Contact the Cambium helpdesk if more guidance is required.
USA and Canada specific information
The USA Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has asked manufacturers to implement special features to
prevent interference to radar systems that operate in the 5250-5350 and 5470-5725 MHz bands. These features must
be implemented in all products able to operate outdoors in the UNII band. The use of the 5600 – 5650 MHz band is
prohibited, even with detect-and-avoid functionality implemented.
Manufacturers must ensure that such radio products cannot be configured to operate outside of FCC rules;
specifically it must not be possible to disable or modify the radar protection functions that have been demonstrated
to the FCC.
In order to comply with these FCC requirements, Cambium supplies variants of the PMP 450 for operation in the
USA or Canada. These variants are only allowed to operate with Country Codes that comply with FCC/IC rule.
pmp-0047 (March 2014) v

Contents PMP 450 Planning Guide
Contents
PMP 450 module essential information...............................................................................................................................ii
Safety and regulatory information ..................................................................................iv
Important safety information.......................................................................................................................................iv
Important regulatory information.................................................................................................................................v
About This Planning Guide ........................................................................................... 1-4
General information......................................................................................................................................................... 1-5
Version information.................................................................................................................................................. 1-5
Contacting Cambium Networks ............................................................................................................................... 1-5
Problems and warranty..................................................................................................................................................... 1-7
Security advice................................................................................................................................................................. 1-9
Warnings, cautions, and notes........................................................................................................................................ 1-10
Overview of PMP 450.................................................................................................................................................... 1-11
Purpose................................................................................................................................................................... 1-11
Key features............................................................................................................................................................ 1-11
Typical deployment................................................................................................................................................ 1-12
System components................................................................................................................................................ 1-13
Access Point (AP).......................................................................................................................................................... 1-15
Network connection................................................................................................................................................ 1-19
AP power supply.................................................................................................................................................... 1-19
Radio tab of the AP ................................................................................................................................................ 1-20
Further reading on the AP ...................................................................................................................................... 1-25
Subscriber Module (SM)................................................................................................................................................ 1-26
Mounting brackets.................................................................................................................................................. 1-26
Network connection................................................................................................................................................ 1-26
SM power supply.................................................................................................................................................... 1-26
Further reading on the SM...................................................................................................................................... 1-27
Radio tab of the SM................................................................................................................................................ 1-31
Cabling and lightning protection.................................................................................................................................... 1-36
PMP and lightning protection................................................................................................................................. 1-36
Outdoor connections............................................................................................................................................... 1-36
Wireless operation.......................................................................................................................................................... 1-37
Time division duplexing......................................................................................................................................... 1-37
OFDM and channel bandwidth............................................................................................................................... 1-37
Link operation – Dynamic Rate Adapt................................................................................................................... 1-38
Adaptive modulation.............................................................................................................................................. 1-46
MIMO..................................................................................................................................................................... 1-46
Cyclic Prefix........................................................................................................................................................... 1-46
Encryption .............................................................................................................................................................. 1-46
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PMP 450 Planning Guide
Further reading on wireless operation .....................................................................................................................1-46
System management .......................................................................................................................................................1-47
Management agent ..................................................................................................................................................1-47
Web server...............................................................................................................................................................1-47
Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)........................................................................................1-50
SNMP......................................................................................................................................................................1-50
Network Time Protocol (NTP)................................................................................................................................1-51
Wireless Manager (WM).........................................................................................................................................1-51
Capacity upgrades ...................................................................................................................................................1-52
Software upgrade.....................................................................................................................................................1-52
Further reading on system management..................................................................................................................1-53
Chapter 1: Planning considerations ......................................................................... 1-54
Regulatory planning........................................................................................................................................................1-55
Obeying Regulatory limits ......................................................................................................................................1-55
Conforming to the limits .........................................................................................................................................1-55
Network migration planning...........................................................................................................................................1-56
Example PMP 450 deployment scenario.................................................................................................................1-56
Sector capacity ........................................................................................................................................................1-58
Site planning ...................................................................................................................................................................1-65
AP or SM site selection...........................................................................................................................................1-65
Power supply site selection .....................................................................................................................................1-65
Maximum cable lengths ..........................................................................................................................................1-65
Wind loading...........................................................................................................................................................1-66
Link planning..................................................................................................................................................................1-69
Range and obstacles ................................................................................................................................................1-69
Path loss considerations...........................................................................................................................................1-92
Calculating maximum power level for connectorized AP units..............................................................................1-92
Understanding Attenuation......................................................................................................................................1-92
Calculating Link Loss .............................................................................................................................................1-93
Calculating Rx Signal Level....................................................................................................................................1-93
Calculating Fade Margin.........................................................................................................................................1-94
Analyzing the RF Environment ......................................................................................................................................1-94
Mapping RF Neighbor Frequencies ........................................................................................................................1-94
Analyzing the spectrum...........................................................................................................................................1-95
Anticipating Reflection of Radio Waves.................................................................................................................1-96
Noting Possible Obstructions in the Fresnel Zone ..................................................................................................1-96
Multiple OFDM Access Point Clusters...................................................................................................................1-97
Planning for co-location and using the OFDM Frame Calculator Tool ..................................................................1-99
Selecting Sites for Network Elements...........................................................................................................................1-102
Surveying Sites......................................................................................................................................................1-103
Clearing the Radio Horizon...................................................................................................................................1-103
Calculating the Aim Angles ..................................................................................................................................1-104
Diagramming Network Layouts....................................................................................................................................1-105
Avoiding Self Interference ....................................................................................................................................1-105
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Contents PMP 450 Planning Guide
Avoiding Other Interference................................................................................................................................. 1-106
Grounding and lightning protection............................................................................................................................. 1-107
The need for power surge protection.................................................................................................................... 1-107
Standards.............................................................................................................................................................. 1-107
Lightning protection zones................................................................................................................................... 1-108
General protection requirements .......................................................................................................................... 1-109
Protection requirements for a mast or tower installation...................................................................................... 1-110
Protection requirements for a wall installation..................................................................................................... 1-111
Protection requirements on a high rise building................................................................................................... 1-112
Configuration options for TDD synchronization ......................................................................................................... 1-115
GPS synchronization ............................................................................................................................................ 1-116
Mounting the GPS receiver (CMM or UGPS) module on the equipment building.............................................. 1-118
Mounting the GPS receiver (CMM or UGPS) module on a metal tower or mast ................................................ 1-118
Data network planning................................................................................................................................................. 1-119
Understanding addresses ...................................................................................................................................... 1-119
Dynamic or static addressing................................................................................................................................ 1-119
DNS Client ........................................................................................................................................................... 1-120
Network Address Translation (NAT)................................................................................................................... 1-120
Developing an IP addressing scheme ................................................................................................................... 1-121
Address Resolution Protocol................................................................................................................................ 1-121
Allocating subnets ................................................................................................................................................ 1-122
Selecting non-routable IP addresses..................................................................................................................... 1-122
Translation bridging ............................................................................................................................................. 1-123
Engineering VLANs............................................................................................................................................. 1-123
Security planning ......................................................................................................................................................... 1-127
Isolating APs from the Internet ............................................................................................................................ 1-127
Managing module access by passwords ............................................................................................................... 1-127
Filtering protocols and ports................................................................................................................................. 1-131
Port Lockdown ..................................................................................................................................................... 1-134
Isolating SMs........................................................................................................................................................ 1-134
Filtering management through Ethernet ............................................................................................................... 1-135
Allowing management from only specified IP addresses..................................................................................... 1-135
Configuring management IP by DHCP................................................................................................................ 1-135
Planning for airlink security ................................................................................................................................. 1-136
Planning for RF Telnet Access Control................................................................................................................ 1-136
Forwarding Downlink PPPoE PADI packets ....................................................................................................... 1-136
Planning for RADIUS integration ........................................................................................................................ 1-136
Planning for SNMP security................................................................................................................................. 1-137
Ordering components................................................................................................................................................... 1-138
PMP 450 component part numbers....................................................................................................................... 1-138
Chapter 2: Legal information..................................................................................... 2-1
Cambium Networks end user license agreement ............................................................................................................. 2-2
Acceptance of this agreement................................................................................................................................... 2-2
Definitions................................................................................................................................................................ 2-2
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PMP 450 Planning Guide
Grant of license .........................................................................................................................................................2-2
Conditions of use.......................................................................................................................................................2-2
Title and restrictions..................................................................................................................................................2-3
Confidentiality...........................................................................................................................................................2-4
Right to use Cambium’s name ..................................................................................................................................2-4
Transfer .....................................................................................................................................................................2-4
Updates......................................................................................................................................................................2-4
Maintenance ..............................................................................................................................................................2-5
Disclaimer .................................................................................................................................................................2-5
Limitation of liability ................................................................................................................................................2-5
U.S. government........................................................................................................................................................2-6
Term of license..........................................................................................................................................................2-6
Governing law...........................................................................................................................................................2-6
Assignment................................................................................................................................................................2-6
Survival of provisions ...............................................................................................................................................2-6
Entire agreement........................................................................................................................................................2-7
Third party software..................................................................................................................................................2-7
Hardware warranty..........................................................................................................................................................2-10
Limit of liability..............................................................................................................................................................2-11
Chapter 3: Reference information.............................................................................. 3-1
Equipment specifications..................................................................................................................................................3-2
AP specifications.......................................................................................................................................................3-2
SM specifications ......................................................................................................................................................3-7
Wireless specifications....................................................................................................................................................3-10
General wireless specifications ...............................................................................................................................3-10
Data network specifications............................................................................................................................................3-11
Ethernet interface ....................................................................................................................................................3-11
Compliance with safety standards...................................................................................................................................3-12
Electrical safety compliance....................................................................................................................................3-12
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) compliance .................................................................................................3-12
Human exposure to radio frequency energy............................................................................................................3-13
Compliance with radio regulations .................................................................................................................................3-17
Type approvals........................................................................................................................................................3-17
DFS for 5.4 GHz Radios .........................................................................................................................................3-18
Country Codes and available spectrum ...................................................................................................................3-20
FCC compliance testing ..........................................................................................................................................3-36
FCC and ICC IDs and certification numbers...........................................................................................................3-36
Notifications....................................................................................................................................................................3-42
PMP 450 regulatory compliance .............................................................................................................................3-42
Appendix A: Glossary .....................................................................................................I
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List of Figures PMP 450 Planning Guide
List of Figures
Figure 1 Line Of Sight Diagram.......................................................................................................................................... 1-12
Figure 2 AP, Radio unit....................................................................................................................................................... 1-15
Figure 3 AP, antenna ........................................................................................................................................................... 1-15
Figure 4 AP interfaces – 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 3.6GHz, 5 GHz............................................................................................... 1-16
Figure 5 AP interfaces - 5 GHz original layout .................................................................................................................... 1-17
Figure 6 AP ground and equilibrium membrane vent........................................................................................................... 1-18
Figure 7 AP diagnostic LEDs, viewed from front of the unit............................................................................................... 1-18
Figure 8 Radio tab of the AP ................................................................................................................................................ 1-20
Figure 9 PMP 450 Series SM................................................................................................................................................ 1-26
Figure 10 SM interfaces........................................................................................................................................................ 1-27
Figure 11 Connectorized SM................................................................................................................................................ 1-28
Figure 12 SM diagnostic LEDs, viewed from front of the unit ............................................................................................ 1-29
Figure 13 Radio tab of the SM............................................................................................................................................. 1-31
Figure 14 Custom Frequency tab of the SM........................................................................................................................ 1-32
Figure 15 TDD Frame Division............................................................................................................................................ 1-37
Figure 16 AP web-based management screenshot................................................................................................................ 1-48
Figure 17 Determinants in Rx signal level............................................................................................................................ 1-93
Figure 18 Example layout of 16 Access Point sectors (ABCD), 90 degree sectors.............................................................. 1-97
Figure 19 Example layout of 16 Access Point sectors (ABC), 60 degree sectors................................................................. 1-98
Figure 20 OFDM Frame Calculator tab.............................................................................................................................. 1-100
Figure 21 Variables for calculating angle of elevation (and depression)............................................................................ 1-104
Figure 22 Rolling sphere method to determine the lightning protection zones................................................................... 1-108
Figure 23 Grounding cable minimum bend radius and angle............................................................................................. 1-109
Figure 24 Grounding and lightning protection on mast or tower........................................................................................ 1-110
Figure 25 Grounding and lightning protection on wall....................................................................................................... 1-111
Figure 26 Grounding and lightning protection on building................................................................................................ 1-114
Figure 27 Grounding and lightning protection inside high building................................................................................... 1-114
Figure 28 One unsynchronized AP in cluster resulting in self-interference ....................................................................... 1-117
Figure 29 GPS timing throughout the network................................................................................................................... 1-117
Figure 30 Cambium network management domain............................................................................................................ 1-120
Figure 31 Example of IP address in Class B subnet ........................................................................................................... 1-122
Figure 32 Categorical protocol filtering.............................................................................................................................. 1-133
Figure 33 AP DFS Status...................................................................................................................................................... 3-18
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