
WIRINGDIAGRAMS9
DIAGNOSTICTOOLS
Figure15-MeterScales
OHMMETERSCALE:0 OhmsthroughInfinity
H= 5 Ohms
I= 36Ohms
J= 115Ohms
K= 350Ohms
AMMETERSCALE:0 Amperesthrough10Amperes
E= 1 Ampere
F= 1.8Amperes
G= 9 Amperes
VOLTMETERSCALE:0 Voltsthrough15Volts
A= 3 Volts
B= 7 Volts
C= 13Volts
50.PowerSource
51.CircuitBreaker
52.Switch(Closed)
53.Voltmeter
54.Load
40.PowerSource
41.CircuitBreaker
42.Switch(Open)
43.Ohmmeter
44.Load
30.PowerSource
31CircuitBreaker
32.Switch(Closed)
33Ammeter
34.Load
Figure12—Ammeter
UNPOWEREDTESTLIGHT(Figure12)
Thistoolconsistsofa 12voltlightwithleads.Theends
oftheleadsusuallyhavealligatorclamps,butvarious
kindsofprobes,terminalspades,andspecialconnectors
areusedalso.
Theunpoweredtestlightisusedonanopencircuit.
Oneleadofthetestlightisgroundedandtheotherleadis
movedaroundthecircuittofindtheopen.Dependingon
thephysicallayoutofthecircuit,sometimesitwillbe
easiertostartatthepowersupplyandothertimesitis
easiertostartattheCircuitloadorgroundcircuit.
POWEREDTESTLIGHT(Figure11)
Thislightisa pencilshapedunitwitha selfcontained
battery,a 1 5 voltlightbulb,a sharpprobeanda ground
leadfittedwithanalligatorclip.
Thistestlightisusedmainlyfortestingcomponents
thataredisconnectedfromthevehiclepowersupply.The
powertestlightisalsousefulfortestingsuspectedhigh
resistancepointsina circuitsuchasconnectorsand
groundcircuitsthatarecorrodedorloose.
JUMPER
Thejumperisusuallya longwirewithalligatorclamps.
Aversionofthejumperhasa fuseholderinitwitha 10
Ampfuse.Thiswillpreventdamagingthecircuitifthe
jumperisconnectedinthewrongway.
Thejumperisusedtolocalsopensina circuit.One
endofthejumperisattachedtoa powersourceandthen
theotherendisattachedtotheloadinthecircuit,i.e.;
light,motor.Iftheloadworks,try"jumping"tocircuit
pointsthatareprogressivelyclosertothepowersupply.
Whenthecircuitloadstopsworking,theopenhasbeen
located.
Thejumperisalsousedtotestcomponentsinthe
circuitsuchasconnectors,switches,andsuspectedhigh
resistancepoints.
Figure13--Ohmmeter
NOTICE: The followmg instruments: Ammeter,
Voltmeter, andOhmmeter, eachhave a
particular application for trouble shooting
electrical circuits.
When using a ammeter orvoltmeter,and the
value being testedisunknown always usethe
highest scale first and work downward to a
midscale reading whenever possible. This will
avoid damage to the Instrument.
Never use an ohmmeter in a power circuit, or
asa substitute for a vohmeter orammeter as
damage to the instrument will result.
AMMETER(Figure12and15)
Disconnectthecircuitfromthepowersourcebefore
connectingtheammeter.Theammetermeasuresthe
amountofelectricalcurrent,amperes,movingthrougha
conductor.Theammetermustbeplacedinserieswiththe
circuitbeingtested.Besurethattheammeter'spositive
terminalisconnectedtothepositive(battery)sideofthe
circuitandisnegativeterminaltothenegative(ground)
sideofthecircuit.
OHMMETER(Figure13and15)
Theohmmeterisaninstrumentdesignedtoindicate
resistanceinohms,itisusedtotesttheconditionofa unit
disconnectedfromthecircuit.
OhmmeterCalibration
Whentheohmmeterprobesareconnectedtogether,a
circuitiscompletedcausingthemeterneedletodeflect
TheneedleshouldreadZEROohms,ifitdoesnot,rotate
theCALorADJknobtoZEROtheneedle.
Whentheprobesareheldapart,theneedlemovesto
themaximum(infinite)resistancesideofthescale.
Themeterisnowreadyforuse.Refertofigure14fora
typicalapplicationoftheohmmeter.
Figure14—Voltmeter
VOLTMETER(Figures14and15)
Thevoltmeter(properlyobserved)willgivethe
technicianmoreinformationthantheammeter,ohmmeter
andtestlightcombined,itsapplicationfortroubleshooting
hereistomeasuretheelectricalpressure(voltage)dropin
aresistancecircuit(figure14).
Iousea voltmeterfortroubleshootinganelectrical
problem,connectitinparallelwiththeexistingcircuit
(figure10).Ifthevoltmeterisconnectedinserieswiththe
circuitbeingtested,thenatureofthecircuitwouldbe
changedandthereadingwouldhavenoparticularvalue
oruse.Connectthemeterterminalsaccordingtopolarity
asshowninfigure14.
Thedashmountedvoltmeter(inthevehicle)should
alsobeobservedformonitoringproperoperationofthe
generatorbatterycrankingmotor,andcrankingcircuit.In
thisapplication,batteryvoltagedropcanbemonitored
whiletheengineiscranking;andaftertheengineis
running,generatoroutputvoltagecarsbemonitored.This
canbea valuablefirststeppriortodiagosingother
electricalproblems.
WIRINGHARNESSANDWIRES
Everywireisa specificsizewithcoloredorstriped
insulationthatisindicatedonthewiringdiagrams.
Insulationcolorshelptotracecircuitsandtomakeproper
connections.Abbreviationsandsymbolsusedfor
indicatingwireinsulationcolorsandpatternsareas
follows:
BIKBlackBLUBlue
BRNBrownPPLPurple
CHKCheckTRTracer
CRCrossYEL.Yellow
GRNGreen//Parallel
NATNatura!WHTWhite
SGLSingleSTRStripe
ORNOrangePNKPink
GRGrayDKDark
Somewiresaregroupedandtapedtogetheror
encasedina splitplasticcasing.Thisgroupingofwiresis
calleda harness.Forsomepurposes,itismorepractical
tousea singlewireprotectedbya braidedtubingcalleda
loom.
WIRINGDIAGRAMS10
B-06155
B-06087
B-06086