Conrad 10062 User manual

Imprint
© 2011 Franzis Verlag GmbH, 85586 Poing
www.elo-web.de
Author: Thomas Riegler and Burkhard Kainka
ISBN 978-3-645-10062-5
Produced on the order of Conrad Electronic SE, Klaus-Conrad-Straße 1, D92240 Hirschau/Germany.
All rights reserved, including the rights of photo-mechanical reproduction and storage in electronic media.
Generation and distribution of copies on paper, data carriers or online, in particular as PDF, is only permissible
with the express consent of the publisher; violation of this will be prosecuted. Most product designations of
hard- and software and company logos named in this booklet are usually also registered trademarks and
should be observed as such. The publisher essentially uses the manufacturer’s spellings for the product desig-
nations. All circuits and programmes introduced in this book were developed, tried and tested with the great-
est possible care. Nevertheless, mistakes in the book and software cannot be fully excluded. The publisher and
author do not assume any liability for incorrect information and their consequences.
Electric and electronic devices must not be disposed of in the domestic waste! At the end of its service life, dis-
pose of the product according to the relevant statutory regulations. Collection points for returning electronic de-
vices free of charge have been established. Your municipality will inform you of where such collection points
are located.
This product complies with the relevant CE directives if used according to the included instructions. The descrip-
tion belongs with the product and must be passed on with it.

Table of Contents
1 Introduction 5
2 Components 6
2.1 Battery 6
2.2 Resistors 6
2.3 Ceramics Capacitator 7
2.4 Electrolyte Capacitator 7
2.5 LED 8
2.6 Transistor 9
2.7 Diode 10
2.8 Integrated Circuit (IC) 11
3 Soldering Basics 12
3.1 What is Soldering? 12
3.2 The Soldering Iron 12
3.3 Soldering Equipment 13
3.4 Too Hot and too Cold Solder Points 16
3.5 The Right Tools 17
3.6 Before Starting Soldering 18
4 Soldering 19
4.1 Tinning Stranded Wire 19
4.2 Soldering Together Wires 20
4.3 Preparing Components 20
4.4 Soldering Wire Bridges to Strip Grid 21
4.5 Soldering Wire Bridges to a Point Grid 23
4.6 Soldering Wire Bridges to a Point Grid - Version 2 24
4.7 De-soldering Lateral Wire Bridges 25
4.8 De-soldering Soldered-In Wire Bridges 26
4.9 Simple LED Circuit: Preparations 27
4.10 Simple LED Circuit 28
4.11 Soldering SMD Diode 32
4.12 Soldering SMD Operational Amplifier 34
3

4.13 Soldering Components Close Together 37
4.14 Soldering Sensitive Components 39
4.15 Removing Short Circuits Caused in Soldering 40
4.16 Completing Transistor Circuit 42
4.17 Checking Circuit and Shortening Excessive Lengths 43
4.18 De-soldering Components with Several Legs 44
4.19 The Masterpiece 46
4.20 Other Circuits 47
4

1 Introduction
Specialist trade offers innumerable electronics circuit construction kits that you can solder
together yourself. If you want to work with them, you should know how to handle a sol-
dering iron.
This learning package helps discovering the secrets of soldering step by step. In a series of
subsequent exercises, you will learn how to solder various components and how to de-
velop and build complete circuits. Before starting on the actual work, the learning pack-
age will also teach you all the basics required for successful soldering.
5

2 Components
2.1 Battery
The battery must be connected to any circuit in the correct polarity. The required battery
clip has a red (plus) and black (minus) connection wire each. Both wires must be sol-
dered on according to the required polarity.
Figure 1: Battery circuit symbol
2.2 Resistors
Resistors are some of the simplest electronic components. They are labelled in a colour
code consisting of three rings and to be read from the edge to the centre. A fourth ring,
offset slightly, indicates the component tolerance. The impedance value is indicated in
Ohm (O).
Figure 2: Impedance colour code
6

Figure 3: Resistor
Figure 4: Resistor circuit symbol
2.3 Ceramics Capacitator
The capacitator is another important electronics component. It is available in two ver-
sions. The simpler version is the small, round and flat ceramics capacitator. It is secured
against polarity reversal. Capacities are indicated in Farad (F). The ceramics capacitator is
labelled in a number code. 104 corresponds to 10 x 104, i.e. 100,000 Picofarad (pF).
Figure 5: Ceramics capacitator circuit symbol
Figure 6: Ceramics capacitator
2.4 Electrolyte Capacitator
The larger electrolyte capacitator has a cylindrical body and must be installed in the cor-
rect polarity. The minus pole is marked with a white lateral stripe and has a shorter con-
nection wire. If the Elko is installed in the wrong polarity, it will be destroyed. It is
labelled in plain text.
7

Figure 7: Electrolyte capacitator circuit symbol
Figure 8: The electrolyte capacitator must be installed in the correct polarity.
2.5 LED
Always observe polarity when installing a light diode. The LED has two connection wires
of different lengths. The longer one is the plus pole. It is called anode (A). The minus pole,
the cathode (K), has the shorter wire.
The polarities are also visible inside the LED. The minus pole has the shape of a large tri-
angle. The plus pole is only very small.
8

Figure 9: An LED must be installed in the correct polarity.
Figure 10: LED circuit symbol
2.6 Transistor
The transistor amplifies small currents. Its connections are called emitter (E), basis (B)
and collector (C). The cylindrical casing is flattened on one side. The type designation is
printed on here. Looking at the transistor so that the connections point down and the
label can be read, the emitter is on the left side. The basis is at the centre.
Figure 11: Transistor with view of the flattened side.
Connections from the left to the right: Emitter (E), basis (B) and collector (C).
9

Figure 12: NPN transistor circuit symbol
2.7 Diode
A diode lets current through in one direction only and blocks it in the counter-direction. It
can be imagined like a check valve from a water installation.
Conventional diodes are cylindrical like resistors. Their minus pole (cathode) is marked
with a dash.
SMD diodes are very small. They are labelled on top with a short designation consisting
of a letter and a number. The left end of the label marks the cathode (–), the right one the
anode (+).
Figure 13: Diode circuit symbol
10