Crane Snack Eenter I Guide

Snack - Based Troubleshooting and Repair Guide
1670065 Pageiof iiSeptember, 2002
Table of Contents
General Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Preventing Circuit Board Damage From Electrostatic Discharge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
EPROM Replacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Theory of Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Overall Merchandiser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Power Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Coin Power Board(Optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Main Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Interface Board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Interlock Switch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Keypads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Display System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Selection Matrix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Motor Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Multi-Drop Bus (MDB). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
SureVend™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Test Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Using A Multimeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
General Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Measuring High-Voltages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Using Display Hold (not on all meters). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Using Range Hold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Making Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Measuring DC/AC Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Measuring Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Testing For Proper Input Voltage and Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Identifying Failures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Removal and Replacement Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
General Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Power Panel Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Controller Board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Interface Card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Display PCB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Selection Keypad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Tray Rails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Snack - Based Troubleshooting and Repair Guide
1670065 Page iiof iiSeptember, 2002
Table of Contents
Gum and Mint Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Gum and Mint Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
SureVend™ System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Delivery Pan Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Coin Mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Bill Validator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Maintenance Keypad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Set timing of the Rotary Vend Door . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Clearing RAM Procedure:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Snack - Based Troubleshooting and Repair Guide
September, 2002 Page1 of 54 1670065
Section I. General Information
1. Preventing Circuit Board Damage From Electrostatic Discharge
Electronic printed circuit board assemblies are susceptible to physical damage, for example, bro-
ken components due to rough handling. In addition, printed circuit board assemblies (and their
components, such as EPROMs) are subject to damage by various types of static electricity. Dam-
age of this type is called ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD). ESD can cause immediate
damage to components on a circuit board assembly, or it can weaken them to the point where the
damage will show up days, weeks, or months later.
PRECAUTIONS TO TAKE WHEN HANDLING PCB ASSEMBLIES
1. The PCB assembly is usually shipped in a cardboard shipping carton to prevent physical
damage. Inside the carton, the PCB was placed in 1 of 3 types of closed protective bags:
black translucent, smoked gray transparent, or pink transparent.
2. For storage, the best protection for the assembly is to leave it in its shipping carton. If it is
removed from the carton, leave the assembly in its CLOSED storage bag while transport-
ing, or until it is ready to be installed in a machine.
3. Before handling the PCB assembly, be sure you are wearing a conductive wrist strap
or other suitable ESD protective device. The conductive wrist strap should be con-
nected to ground in the machine. This can be any exposed metal part.
DO NOT CONNECT YOUR WRIST STRAP TO A PAINTED PART.
4. Remove the new PCB assembly from its bag. Set the PCB assembly on top of the bag on
a flat surface while you remove the old PCB assembly from the machine.
5. Static can migrate on outside of bag, so it is recommended that when you pick up the new
PCB assembly, to set the old one down on the protective bag. Install the new PCB assem-
bly in the machine.
6. Insert the old PCB assembly into the protective bag. Seal the bag.
7. If the old PCB assembly is to be shipped, it is best to ship it in the same shipping carton
you received with the new PCB assembly.

Snack - Based Troubleshooting and Repair Guide
1670065 Page2 of 54 September, 2002
2. EPROM Replacement
CAUTION:
Do not remove the new EPROM from its shipping carton until you are ready to
use it.
CAUTION:
Observe Electrostatic Discharge precautions to protect the electronics from
damage while they are being handled. Wear a grounded wrist strap connected to
any unpainted metal part of the machine. If a wrist strap is not available,
remove any electrostatic charge (static electricity) from yourself by touching any
unpainted metal part of the machine before handling any electronic component.
Do this often during the removal and installation process.
1. See the shaded area representing EPROM U4(figure 1). These devices have various means
of showing how they are to be oriented on the circuit board. Some EPROMs will have a
small notch which matches the notch printed on the controller board. Other EPROMs may
have a small dimple as shown, others may have a painted stripe. Take note of where the
locating mark is on the EPROM currently mounted on the controller board. Your new
EPROM will be placed in that same orientation. Some EPROMs have 28 pins, (opposed to
32 pins on newer snack-based models), so they will not use the entire socket (Newer snack-
based machine’s EPROMS will cover entire socket). The shaded area on the figure is where
the new EPROM will go, leaving the four holes at the bottom of the socket empty if you are
using older EPROM.
2. Carefully remove the old EPROM from the controller board. Use an EPROM removal tool
or a thin tool such as a small screwdriver or knife blade to gently rock the EPROM from its
socket.
3. Carefully insert the new EPROM in the controller board. MAKE SURE THE LOCATING
MARK (NOTCH, DIMPLE, STRIPE) ON THE EPROM IS FACING THE SAME WAY AS
ON THE OLD EPROM! Make sure each of the pins is in its respective hole in the socket
before pushing the EPROM into place.
4. Carefully seat the EPROM into place using uniform pressure all around.

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September, 2002 Page3 of 54 1670065
Figure 1

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Section II. Theory of Operation
1. Overall Merchandiser
A. Power Circuit
1. The power circuit for the basic snack merchandiser consists of the following components:
Power Cord
Electronic Breaker
Main Switch
Coin Power Board (Optional)
EMI Filter
Main Circuit Breaker
Transformer
2. Power Parameters
a. The merchandiser is supplied with a service cord for the country of use and is termi-
nated in a grounding type plug. The wall receptacle used for this merchandiser must be
properly polarized, grounded, and of the correct voltage. Operating the merchandiser
from a source of low voltage will VOID THE WARRANTY.
b. Each merchandiser should have its own electrical circuit and that circuit should be
protected with a circuit breaker or fuse conforming to local regulations.
3. Power Checks
a. Voltage, polarity, and noise potential checks should be made to determine that each is
of correct level.
b. Voltage (checked between hot and neutral lines), polarity (checked between hot and
ground lines), should indicate 110 - 130 volts ac for 120 volt, 60 Hz locations, or 220
240 volts ac for 230 volt, 50 Hz locations. A noise potential check may be accom-
plished by measuring between neutral and ground. The meter should indicate 0 volts
ac. A measurement greater than 1 - 1.5 volts ac could result in problems for the mer-
chandiser’s electronic circuitry caused by the electrical noise.
4. Main Switch
a. The first component encountered in the power circuit is the main switch. The main
switch is a double pole, single throw switch, rated at 20 amps, ¼ hp, and 125 - 250
volt ac. When the switch is closed or in the “on” position, voltage is transferred to the
EMI filter and throughout the rest of the merchandiser.

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5. Main Circuit Breaker
a. The main circuit breaker is placed in line just after the main switch. The main circuit
breaker is designed to protect the merchandiser from over-current conditions that may
be produced at the wall outlet in the electrical circuitry of the location. These conditions
could cause erratic operation of the merchandiser, damage internal components and even
electrical shock and personal injury.
WARNING:
The over-current protection provided by the main circuit breaker must never be
compromised. Shorting or jumping across this breaker WILL compromise this
protection and cause, potentially, severe problems. (SEE ABOVE PARAGRAPH)
6. EMI Filter
a. The EMI, or line load filter is rated at 5 amp, 115/250-volt ac, 50/60Hz. The internal
components consist of two 850 uH (micro Henry) inductors, a.01 uF (MicroFarad)
capacitor and two 2800 pF (Pico Farad) capacitors. The purpose of the filter is to filter
“noise” that may be riding the ac signal. This unstable, tag along voltage riding the ac
signal could adversely effect the operation of the electronic components within the mer-
chandiser and cause erratic operation of those electronics i.e. main controller, Interface
Board etc. Failure of any of the internal components within the filter could prevent
proper power distribution within the merchandiser. Light failure, improper board opera-
tion, or tripping of main breaker could be attributed to internal component damage in the
EMI Filter.
7. Transformer
a. The transformer is a double primary winding, 120-volt ac step-down that provides 24-
volt ac to the main controller board for distribution to other low voltage components
within the merchandiser. The voltage is filtered, rectified and dropped to accommodate
the various circuits respectively. (See Main Controller and Interface Board).
8. Electronic Circuit Breaker
a. A 3 amp rated electronic circuit breaker completes the power circuit. It is designed to
provide protection from over current conditions that may potentially damage low volt-
age electronics. Circuit boards and other low voltage component are vulnerable to high
current and a three amp rating is the limit with which to prevent board damage, fire and/
or electrical shock.
WARNING:
The over-current protection provided by the electronic circuit breaker must never
be compromised. Shorting or jumping across this breaker WILL compromise this
protection and cause, potentially, severe problems.
B. Coin Power Board(Optional)
1. The coin power board, though considered part of the power circuit, is also part of the mone-
tary circuit. The coin power board uses a full wave rectifier which takes 120 volts ac and
converts it to 120 volts dc for coin mechanism use.

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a. 120 vac is tapped from the output of the EMI Filter and is input at pins 1 and 2 of con-
nector J25. On the board, this ac voltage goes through the series of diodes D1-D4 (full
wave rectifier), and is output as 120 volts dc at pins 3 and 4 of J25.
CAUTION:
Low input voltage at pins 1 and 2 will invariably equate to low output voltage at
pins 3 and 4. This may cause erratic operation of coin mechanism. Jackpotting
may result as well as potential damage to main controller board.
b. The 0.1 microfarad capacitor functions as a noise filter for the incoming ac voltage
before it is rectified.
c. In line with the incoming ac voltage is a resistor and 1 AGC fuse combination for rec-
tifier protection. The 5-watt ceramic wire wound resistor acts to limit current and
allow the fuse to blow before damage is done to the bridge rectifier.
d. Variable resistor VR1 filters noise from the newly rectified dc voltage. DC filtering is
necessary to provide the cleanest possible voltage for coin mechanism operation.
C. Main Controller
1. The main controller processes all information, data, and decision-making functions for the
entire merchandiser. The main controller is connected directly or indirectly to every major
component within the merchandiser, receiving and processing a variety of inputs and initi-
ating several outputs and functions.
a. These functions are accomplished primarily by way of microprocessor U1 working in
conjunction with the other onboard processor chips. Conditions are constantly moni-
tored with the help of several peripheral devices working in conjunction with one
another. Diagnostic messages are generated and displayed when conditions within the
merchandiser warrant.
b. All machine setup data that must be stored on power down (timers, data processing -
sales, vends etc.) reside in the RAM (random access memory) or Dallas chip. The Dal-
las chip is located on chip base U3 on the board and is located next to, and slightly
higher than the Eraseable programmable read only memory (EPROM) chip.
c. EPROM U4 is usually marked with a version number denoting the features and
upgrades available on the chip. The EPROM is known as the “personality” chip. This
gives the machine its own unique identity, causing a snack machine to operate as a
snack machine, a coffee as a coffee etc. Generally the functions located in the product
configure mode are resident on the EPROM.
NOTE:
Updated versions of software may be obtained from the Parts Department at
1-800-621-7278.
d. Two light emitting diodes (LED) are used. When lit, LED 1 indicates electrical power
is applied to the controller. When flashing, LED 2 indicates that the controller is active
and the software (EPROM) is operating.
2. The connector configuration for the main controller board is as follows:
a. J30 Data Transfer Port. Transfer of data between the main controller and the Inter-
face Boards is performed at this connector. This is accomplished by way of a 16-con-

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ductor ribbon cable connected at J55 of the Interface Board (see Interface Board). Tray
status and other conditions including the status of rail boards as well as all other
peripherals connected to the Interface Board are monitored here. Operational com-
mands for peripherals are sent and received via this port using a serial data stream.
NOTE:
Disruption of this data stream will result in a (TEMPORARY OUT OF SERVICE),
(ABCDEF) OR (NONE READY) error message in the display. This condition will
continue until such time that the problem is corrected.
Pins 2-14 provide communication through IC U7 via microprocessor U1. 5 volts dc
logic circuit voltage can be measured between pins 1 and 15.
b. J33 Display PCB Connection. Pins 1 and 9 provide 5 volts dc for operation of display
console logic circuit functions. All display data, including load beeper, are controlled
through the following IC chips: U13A (octal 3-state driver), U6 (general I/O buffer),
and gate controlled U9C (OR gate). This port provides visual information concerning
the state of merchandiser, command control and diagnostics.
c. J34 Used for Sure-Vend.
d. J35 Communication Port. Reserved for future use.
e. J36 DEX Device Port. This is a serial data communication port for retrieving data
from the merchandiser by way of hand held printer or (DEX) data retrieval device. Pin
1 provides a ground reference for data transmission (pin 2), data receive (pin 3), and
return transmission signal (RTS) (pin 4). Pin 3 also acts as a communication transmis-
sion signal (CTS) and reports directly to microprocessor U1. Data transfer is con-
trolled through U14 inverter chip. 5 volts dc can be measured at pins 1 and 4 for logic
circuit operation.
NOTE:
See DEX Overview and Capabilities on page 14 for more information.
f. J37. 24 vac is supplied to pins 1 and 2 of this connector. This voltage is received from
the Transformer (see “Power Circuit” on page 6) located on power panel. The 24 vac
is rectified at bridge BR1 (bridge rectifier) and sent as 24 volt unregulated dc to vari-
ous locations on the board, and to regulator circuit REG 1. At the regulator circuit the
dc voltage is filtered and reduced to 5 vdc for use as high and low signals (on/off) for
all logic circuit functions and other on-board uses.
g. J38. Pins 1 and 2 of this connector supply output power to the Interface Board. This
24 volt unregulated dc is sent to the Interface Board at connector J-62 where it is regu-
lated (See Interface Board).
h. J39 MDB (Multi-Drop Bus) Port. Unregulated 24 volts dc at pin 6 and unregulated
dc return at pin 5 is used to power all MDB protocol capable monetary units. These
include coin mechanisms, dollar bill validators, card readers etc. (See Multi-Drop
Bus). Master data transmissions, and receiving communication is accomplished at pins
3 (transmit data) and 4 (receive data). Pins 1 and 2 supply a regulated and filtered 5
volts for monetary unit logic circuits.

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CAUTION::
See Multi-Drop Bus (MDB) on page 14 for more information.
a. J40 Dumb Coin Mechanism Port. 24 volt unregulated dc is supplied at pins 11 and
12 for power to 24 volt coin mechanisms. Pin 6 (reset) is used to identify the presence
of a dumb coin mechanism to the merchandiser. This reset pulse is only used once on
power up for this function and is not used again unless a mechanism is changed from
dumb to Multi-Drop Bus and back to dumb again. A low at pins 1, 2, or 3 will initiate
a payout signal to the coin mechanism’s 5, 10, and 25 cent payout solenoids. All pay-
out signals are controlled at these points through the general I/O buffered IC U6. A
low at pin 4 enables the coin acceptance circuit identifying the coin inserted into the
mechanism. This data is sent by way of the switching IC U12, through buffer U13B,
to microprocessor U1 for evaluation. Data transmission takes place at pin 5 (interrupt,
low for data present), pin 7 (data received), and pin 8 (send data). Pins 9 and 10 supply
a regulated and filtered 5 volts dc for coin mechanism logic circuit operation.
b. J41 Serial Validator Port. The communication protocol accomplished at this con-
nector is much the same as that which is done at J40. A low at pin 2 enables the bill
acceptance circuit which identifies the received bill. This data is sent by way of
switching IC U12, through buffer U13B, to microprocessor U1 for evaluation. Data
transmission takes place at pin 5 (interrupt, low for data), pin 6 (data receive), and pin
5 (send data). Pins 1 and 7 supply a regulated and filtered 5 volts dc for validator logic
circuit operation.
c. J42 Pulse Validator Port. Serial data communication represents a constant stream of
information traveling in both directions (send and receive). Pulse operation is based
on a single signal being sent and processed at the microprocessor for response. No
transfer of “data” occurs and consequently no smart responses are possible. Each bill
accepted would generate this “pulse” which is acknowledged at the microprocessor
and processed. Since no data is transferred, only a one-dollar bill can be accepted,
since each one dollar bill will generate one pulse. Acknowledgment of data about any
other bill is not possible. Pins 1 and 2 provide 115-volt ac which enables voltage con-
nected through opto coupler U11 for voltage isolation purposes. This prevents high
voltage interacting with low voltage board components. While maintaining a 5-volt dc
logic level, the pulse signal is sent at pin 4 (ground) and pin 5 connected through logic
gate U9B to microprocessor U1 send leg.
NOTE:
If machine has pulse validator only, during troubleshooting, pins 4 and 5 may be
momentarily shorted together to simulate a pulse signal and establish a $1.00
credit. If credit is established then dollar bill validator is defective, if no credit is
established the main controller board is defective.
A. Interface Board
1. The snack interface (or driver) board provides the means to perform matrix operations
(see Matrix) for all tray motors, whether located on standard snack trays or trays located
within modules (Frozen, Food, or Can). It also provides voltage for the opto coupler on the
refrigeration triac board and monitors vend door and module door switches on Frozen and
Food modules.

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2. The connector configuration for the Interface Board is as follows:
a. J55 Data Transfer Port. Data is transferred to and from the Interface Board and main
controller boards at this connector. The data transfer is accomplished by way of a 16-
conductor ribbon cable connected at J30 of the main controller board. The selection
matrix data, once activated (see selection matrix), is sent here, as well as cycle and
motor sense data which is monitored through this connector. Operational commands
are sent and received through this port by a serial data stream.
CAUTION:
Disruption of this data stream will result in a (TEMPORARY OUT OF SERVICE),
(ABCDEF+) OR (NONE READY) diagnostic error message until such time as the
cause is corrected.
Pins 3 through 12, 14, and 16 provide the medium for the data stream, through the data
bus to and from all on-board IC chips. Pin 13 is used to reset IC’s requiring it at the
appropriate time. Pins 1 and 5 have 5 volts d.c. present for board logic circuit opera-
tion.
b. J56 Triac Board Connector. Not used in this machine.
c. J57 Frozen/Fresh Food Connector. Not used in this machine.
d. J58 Gum and Mint/Can Module Connector. Column lines, gum and mint sense,
even gum and mint row line and motor sense lines are provided at this connector. Pins
5 and 9 provide positive column lines (see the Matrix) in conjunction with transistors
Q1 through Q5, and Darlington array drivers U5 through U9. Positive column line
voltage for all motors within the merchandiser are provided by transistors Q1 through
Q5. The transistors are turned ON by Darlington drivers U5 through U9 when a selec-
tion has been made and the comparator motor sense line has been satisfied. The Dar-
lington will turn ON transistors Q1 through Q5 and provide the low to run the selected
motor(s). Pin 1 provides gum and mint sense by way of comparator circuit U10B.
All sense lines within the merchandiser operate by two comparators, U10A and U10B.
These components compare voltage changes in accordance with the presence of home
switch and railboard, and in conjunction with tray motor PCB circuits. A high or low
output is sent from the comparator to buffer chip U4A. The buffer chip reports to the
main controller as to the status of the tray motor(s). to provide diagnostic messages
when a railboard or motor is not sensed.
Pin 2 provides row line (Low) for Gum and Mint in conjunction with Darlington
driver, U9. Pins 3 and 4 provide odd and even sense lines respectively. Sense lines are
operated by two comparators, U10A and U10B.
e. J59 Row Line Connector. This connector provides odd and even row lines (ground)
for snack trays D, E, and F.
f. J60 Snack Tray Connector. All column lines, row lines and sense lines for trays A
through C are provided at this connector. Pins 1 and 2 provide odd and even row lines
for the C tray, 3 and 4 for the B tray, and 6 and 7 for the A tray. Pins 9 through 13 pro-
vide column lines for each tray (A through C). Pins 5 and 8 provide odd and even
sense lines.
g. J61 Input Power Connector. The main controller provides 24 vdc at this connector.
Pins 1 (ground) and 2 (24 volts) receive 24 volts unregulated voltage. This voltage is

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passed through regulator circuit REG1, where it is regulated for use by the driver cir-
cuits.
h. J62 Coffee Controller Power Connector. Not used in this machine.
i. J63 Can Module Connector. Not used in this machine.
B. Interlock Switch
1. The interlock switch is a single pole single throw switch designed to provide information
to the controller regarding the position of the main door. The interlock also will effect the
operation of the service keypad. In the door opened position, programming functions are
operational but are suspended with the switch in the door closed position.
C. Keypads
1. The selection keypad is a universal keypad used on all present production snack merchan-
disers and is designed to allow control of the selection functions as well as certain data
retrieval operations.
2. The service keypad, on NV models, is designed to allow control of all programming func-
tions.
3. Both keypads operate on a matrix concept (see Selection Matrix on page 11).
NOTE:
Early NV models are equipped with a 4 arrow keypad
as opposed to a two arrow keypad.
D. Display System
1. The universal display board is powered by an on-board DC-DC\DC-AC converter that
supplies low voltage AC (approximately 5V P-P) to heat the florescent tube filament. It
also provides the high (approximately 29vdc) grid voltage to attract electrons to the appro-
priate segments. A matrix system is used by the display to determine what will light up
and when. The fluorescent display contains 10 digits, each with 15 segments.
2. All 15-segment anodes in each digit are wired in parallel across the entire display. For
example, the upper left segment in the first digit is also connected to the upper left seg-
ment in digits 2 through 10, and so on for all 15 segments. Segments are selected by
applying a high to the appropriate segment anodes. Each digit has a mesh grid placed
between the segment anodes and the cathode. The digits are turned on and off by the grid
drivers which put either a high or low voltage on each grid. When the grid is low, the digit
is off; when the grid is high, the digit lights.

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3. As with the selection system, the displays are strobed. Each digit is turned on and off 60
times each second. This fast strobing allows the display to be turned on one digit at a
time, but at a rate so fast that the display is seen as showing complete words and numbers.
The strobed signals to the digit grids are the same signals sent to the column lines of the
selection system, further reducing the number of control lines needed by the microcom-
puter system.
4. The connector configuration for the display board is as follows:
a. J46; J49 Customer and Service Keypad Ports. J46 pins 1-8, and J49 pins 1-4 tap
the strobe signal provided to each digit of the florescent tube when a button is pressed
on one of the keypads. A low is provided by the shift register chip U3, which then
sends the data from the selection button to connector J45 and on to the main controller
board for processing.
b. J47 Is used for FreeVend key switch.
c. J48 Door Switch Port. Door status data is provided at this port. Data is provided to
the shift register chip U3 and sent to the main controller board for processing.
E. Selection Matrix
Most microcomputer systems use a concept known as the Matrix to control (or be controlled by)
various peripheral devises. Keypads, displays, and even the tray system in the snack merchandis-
ers as well as applications for other merchandisers, are all examples of matrixed devises.
Basically, a matrix can be pictured as a grid with vertical and horizontal lines that intersect in a
symmetrical pattern. The points where the lines cross represent an input (switches) or an output
(motor, digit in a display, etc.) to the microcomputer.
The advantage of a matrix system is the ability for the microcomputer to use a large number of
devices with a relatively small number of control lines. For instance the snack merchandisers can
operate as many as 80 different motors with only 21 control lines.
Think of a matrix as a chart or table. A number of rows and columns are used. To find what we
want, we select one row and one column. Where these two lines meet we-find the desired result.
In this example, a 4 x 4 matrix is used (four rows by four columns). If we select Column 3 and
Row 2 and follow them until they intersect, the result is “BROWN”. Notice that we have 16 col-
ors, but only 8 lines (4 rows arid 4 columns). By using the same principle, the microcomputer can
use two signals (one Row and one Column) to turn on a display, operate a motor, or read a switch.
All merchandisers use a switch matrix to determine selections. The standard selection panel is
made up of 21 buttons controlled by 10 lines (7 columns and 3 rows).
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Row 1 Gray Violet Tan Aqua
Row 2 Yellow Red Brown Black
Row 3 Blue Green Orange Purple
Row 4 White Pink Gold Silver

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Each Column line receives a signal from the control board. These lines are strobed 60 times per
second so that when column 1 is on, all other column lines are off. When column 1 turns off col-
umn 2 line turns on, and so on through each of the Column lines. When the last column line turns
off column 1 turns on again and the process is repeated.
The three Row lines are used to detect when a button has been pressed by sending the line low
(ground). The microcomputer sees the strobed signal from column line being fed back through
the low row line and determines which button has been pressed. For example, if the control board
observed the column line 3 strobe on the row 2 line it would be determined that the number 2 but-
ton had been pressed.
F. Motor Matrix
1. Since a matrix cannot directly control AC motors, the snack merchandiser uses 24 vdc
motors. For the matrix to work, both Row and Column signals are needed. In this case,
the Row controls the DC ground to the motor while the Column controls +24 vdc power.
2. The 5 wide snack is capable of handling up to 7 trays with 5 or 10 selections per tray or 4
to 8 selections per tray (depending on tray configuration). In addition, a 5 selection gum
and mint unit, and 5 additional selections (not presently used) are available for a total of
80 possible motors. The matrix consists of 5 Column lines and 16 Row lines.
a. In order for any motor to run, both Column and Row signals are needed. Candy trays
use 2 row lines for control. The motors are organized in terms of “odds” and “evens”.
The even numbered row is connected to all “even” numbered selections. For example,
Row A0 is connected to A0, A2, A4, A6, and A8. “Odd” numbered rows are con-
nected to “odd” selections. So Al is connected to A3, A5, A7, and A9. This system is
very effective with snack trays. A factory-built snack tray only uses 5 motors, but
rather than numbering the selections as 1 through 5 each snack selection uses an even
number (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8). This means that only a single (even) row line is necessary.
b. In standby, the Row lines will read approximately +12 vdc. When a motor runs, the
Row line goes to a ground (0 volts) level. For example, to run the motor for the A0
selection, Column 1 is energized, putting +24 vdc at all “0” and “1” selections. Row
A0 Even goes low, putting DC ground at even motors A0 through A4. Since motor A0
is the only one having both +24 vdc and ground applied, motor A0 runs. Note that A0
is the only motor in the entire matrix where Row A0 even and Column 1 meet, so it
is the only motor that can run. The entire motor matrix is set up so that only one
motor can possibly run when any pair of Row and Column lines are active.

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c. Because a vend cycle is determined by one complete revolution of a snack motor, the
machine must have a method of determining whether or not the motor has made that
revolution (ending back in the “home” position). This is done through a series of two
Cycle Sense lines. As with the Row lines, the Cycle Sense lines are organized in
“odd’ and “even”.
The following example is the sequence of events which occur after an even num-
bered selection (0) is made. Figure 2 is the motor circuit showing the cycle switch in
the closed position. Figure 3 shows the identical circuit with the cycle switch in the
open position.
The controller applies a ground (0 vdc) to the Row 0 Even line. This ground passes
through two resistors and two diodes and is sent back to the controller. Both Cycle
Sense lines (Cycle 1 Odd and Cycle 0 Even) are considered to be ON, telling the con-
troller that the motor (and therefore the tray) is present. The ground is also applied to
the motor, but since +24 vdc power is not yet present, the motor does not turn.
Once the controller has verified the motor is present, +24 vdc is applied to the proper
Column line, powering the motor, which begins turning. At the same time, +24 vdc
also passes through two diodes at the motor assembly, through the cycle switch
(closed, because the motor is still in home position) and to the diodes on the tray con-
nector. The +24 vdc reverse biases the two diodes, removing the grounds from the
controller (turning the Cycle Sense lines OFF). Turning Cycle 1 Odd OFF tells the
controller that the motor is still present. Turning Cycle 0 Even OFF tells the controller
that the motor is still in the home position.
Figure 1 Figure 2

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Within one second of receiving the +24 vdc, the motor should have turned enough for
its cam to actuate the cycle switch, opening it and removing +24 vdc from the Cycle 0
Even diode on the tray connector. This removes the reverse bias from the diode,
allowing the ground to again be passed through the diode to the controller (turning the
Cycle 0 Even line back ON). If this does not occur within one second, the controller
will shut down power to the motor, turning OFF both the Row and Column drivers.
The controller then records the selection as a jammed motor, preventing any future
vends until it is repaired. If a vend is attempted for this selection, the display will tell
the customer to MAKE ANOTHER SELECTION.
Note that the Cycle 1 Odd line remains ON (grounded). This line is not normally
used during a normal (even selection) vend after the controller determined that the
motor was present. In the case where initial testing located a motor that was not
“home”, Cycle 0 Even would have been OFF, as it is now. Cycle 1 Odd in the ON
state indicates a motor is present but not “home”.
If the cycle switch opens in the allotted time as previously described, power remains
applied to the motor until it returns to the home position. (This should take no more
than four additional seconds.) The motor’s cam allows the cycle switch to close, plac-
ing +24 vdc back on the Cycle 0 Even diode. The diode is again reverse biased,
removing the ground from the Cycle 0 Even line, turning it OFF. The controller then
shuts down the Column and Row drivers, then the vend is complete. A five second
total time limit is set for a vend, and if the motor does not return home within that time
power is removed from that motor and the selection is recorded as a jammed motor.
G. Multi-Drop Bus (MDB)
1. Multi-Drop Bus (MDB) is a controller/node serial communication bus for a vending
machine which allows up to 32 devices to be connected on a single bus. A coin
mechanism, a bill validator, a card reader, and a vending machine controller
(VMC) can all be connected on one bus. The VMC is the bus master; all other
devices are nodes and provide responses or actions as instructed by the VMC.
2. The MDB capability uses a new monetary operating system which has new rules for han-
dling bills and coins. Improvements in several monetary configuration functions now uti-
lize a variable value which provides greater flexibility in machine setup. These three
functions are listed below:
a. The amount of change which is paid without a purchase.
b. The denominations to accept when the change is less than that denomination.
c. The change level when the “USE EXACT CHANGE” message will appear.
3. The MDB interface was added to the new PIE controller boards and will not be available
on any pre-PIE machines. MDB capability can be added to an existing PIE machine by
adding the MDB cable (cable P/N 1679054) and the appropriate MDB software
(EPROM).
4. DEX Overview and Capabilities
NOTE:
Availability on all Crane Snack-Based equipment.

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5. DEX (pronounced “decks”) is an electrical interface which connects a vending machine to
an external computer (or hand held device). The interface has a standardized set of data
and transmission protocol. This standardized interface allows any portable data collection
device using this protocol, to communicate with a DEX equipped machine.
6. The data sent consists of the overall status of the monetary, sales totals and the vend
counts. Additionally, product counts, sales totals, and vend counts are sent for each indi-
vidual selection. An automatic data clearing capability (if enabled by the operator) will
clear the DEX data in the machine memory after the data download.
7. The amount of data transmitted will be larger for those machines which have more product
selections, because each selection has data to send. Several seconds are typically required
to download data from a machine.
8. The external computer or P.D.C.D connects to the DEX connector, a round female stereo
jack which hangs down from the controller card approximately behind the bill validator.
9. The device that collects the data from the vending machine is typically hand held, but any
computer with DEX client software loaded can be used. The data collection devices can
decode the data and display it for the operator.
10. Typically, the hand held device collects the data from several machines and then transfers
that data to a main office computer for further data processing. The main office computer
provides data analysis and planning capabilities for the individual machines of the entire
route.
11. The DEX hardware interface is built directly into the main controller on P.I.E controllers,
so no additional electronics are needed. The DEX function is built into the standard soft-
ware. A DEX data cable is the only additional component that needs to be added to a stan-
dard machine to make the DEX capability operational.
12. A portable data collection device is used by opening the machine door and connecting it to
the DEX cable. The data download may be automatically initiated by the data collection
device on NV models, or the operator may initiate the download as described in the
Programming Guide.
H. SureVend™
The SureVend™ product detection system consists of ten(1-9 and “H”, H represents 10) infrared
light emitters and ten infrared light detectors that scan the product delivery area with a pattern of
crisscrossed light beams. An additional emitter/detector pair is dedicated (in most instances) to
detecting product from the gum & mint dispensers. The light beams are specially modulated to
ignore changes in ambient light. While the machine is idle, the SureVend™ system is constantly
calibrating itself for optimum performance in all temperature, humidity, dust, and alignment con-
ditions. The SureVend™ detection system is used by the controller to assure that the selected
product is delivered.
1. When a selection for a product is made, the controller checks that the SureVend™ detec-
tion system is ready and tells the system to begin scanning for the particular type of prod-
uct to be delivered.
a. Different scanning patterns are used if the product is a snack or candy selection, or a
gum & mint selection.

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2. The vending machine controller then starts the delivery motor and constantly checks the
SureVend™ system for detection of the delivered product.
3. If no product delivery is detected, the controller continues to run the delivery motor for up
to three revolutions, pausing momentarily at the home position of each revolution of the
motor.
a. If no product is detected after the third revolution, the selection is marked as empty
and the customer's credit is optionally restored to make another selection or is auto-
matically returned.
4. If product delivery is detected before the delivery motor has come to the home position for
the first time, the delivery motor continues running to its home position.
a. If the delivery motor has already passed the first home position, the motor will stop
immediately upon product detection to avoid the possibility of vending a second
product.
NOTE:
A fatal malfunction in the SureVend™ detection system during the vend is
treated the same as product delivery. It is assumed that the malfunction is due to
tampering or vandalism.
5. The SureVend™ system has several operating options.
a. ON or OFF. Choose OFF only if the SureVend™ system is not installed or if you do
not wish it to be used.
b. OPTIONAL or “MUST”. If OPTIONAL is selected, operation will revert to (nor-
mal) home switch operation if the SureVend™ system cannot operate normally
because of an obstruction or loss of communication. If "MUST" is selected the
machine will be operational only if the SureVend™ system is operational for the main
delivery area (not including gum & mint). The machine will go temporarily out-of-
service until the blockage or other error is corrected.
c. ANTI-JACKPOT. This is protection against unforeseeable cheating of the Posi-
Vend™ system. The user can set the number of SureVend™ empty conditions that
will disable the SureVend™ system for a selectable the time period. A SureVend™
empty condition occurs when product delivery is not detected and the customer's
money is restored or returned.
The assumption of this option is that very few SureVend™ failures to vend will occur
other than as a result of tampering. The SureVend™ system will be turned off for a
certain number of minutes so that money can no longer be refunded because of vend
failure and thus discourage a thief from remaining. The machine will either revert to
home switch operation or go out of service, depending on other selected options.
Once the time has elapsed SureVend™ is re-enabled. The total number SureVend™
empty selections, the number of anti-jackpot occurrences, and the date and time of the
last occurrence are recorded.