Dectris PILATUS 1M Manual

Technical Specification
and
Operating Procedure
PILATUS 1M
Detector System
Version 1.7

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Table of Contents
1DOCUMENT HISTORY ................................................................................................................ 3
1.1 CHANGES....................................................................................................................................... 3
2HOW TO USE THIS TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION .......................................................................... 4
2.1 ADDRESS AND SUPPORT ................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS ............................................................................................................... 5
2.3 EXPLANATION OF TERMS .................................................................................................................. 5
2.4 USE OF THE PILATUS 1M................................................................................................................ 5
3TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ....................................................................................................... 6
3.1 RATINGS........................................................................................................................................ 7
3.2 AMBIENT CONDITIONS ..................................................................................................................... 8
4DIMENSIONS AND CONNECTORS .............................................................................................. 9
4.1 PILATUS 1M DETECTOR.................................................................................................................. 10
4.1.1 Front Side of the Detector............................................................................................... 10
4.1.2 Backside of the Detector................................................................................................. 12
4.1.3 The status LEDs ............................................................................................................... 12
4.1.4 Connectors and Connecting Cables/Pipes.......................................................................13
4.2 COMPUTER .................................................................................................................................. 15
4.3 COOLING UNIT ............................................................................................................................. 16
5INSTALLING THE DETECTOR SYSTEM ....................................................................................... 17
5.1 CARRYING.................................................................................................................................... 17
5.2 MOUNTING.................................................................................................................................. 19
5.2.1 Mounting from Above..................................................................................................... 19
5.2.2 Mounting from Below..................................................................................................... 20
5.3 GROUNDING OF THE DETECTOR SYSTEM ............................................................................................ 21
5.4 CONNECTION TO NITROGEN OR DRY AIR............................................................................................ 22
5.5 CONNECTING THE CABLES ............................................................................................................... 23
6TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY CONTROL .............................................................................. 24
7GETTING STARTED .................................................................................................................. 26
7.1 STARTUP SEQUENCE ...................................................................................................................... 26
7.2 FIRST COMMANDS......................................................................................................................... 27
8TURNING OFF THE DETECTOR ................................................................................................. 28
9STORING THE DETECTOR ......................................................................................................... 28
10 CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE .............................................................................................. 29
11 FAULTS.................................................................................................................................... 30
12 CERTIFICATION TESTS ............................................................................................................. 31

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1 Document History
Actual document
Version
Date
status
prepared
checked
released
1.7
22.07.2011
released
PS,BS
SC, DB
SB
1.1 Changes
Version
Date
Changes
released
1.0
02.06.2009
PS
1.4
29.01.2010
Connection cables and
temperature sensors
SB
1.4.1
18.02.2010
Signal levels
SB
1.4.2
19.02.2010
Power input
SB
1.5
09.04.2010
Dimensions and grounding
SB
1.5.1
21.04.2010
Power supply description
SB
1.5.2
28.05.2010
Dimensions
SB
1.6
04.10.2010
Pictures
SB
1.7
22.07.2011
Thicker sensors and conformity
with standards
SB

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2 How to use this Technical
Specification
Before you start to operate the PILATUS 1M detector system please read this
technical specification and the user manual thoroughly.
The technical specification and the user manual together form the user
documentation.
2.1 Address and Support
DECTRIS Ltd.
Neuenhoferstrasse 107
5400 Baden
Switzerland
Phone: [phone]
Fax: + 41 56 500 21 01
Email: [email protected]
Should you have questions concerning the system or its use, please contact
us via phone, mail or fax.
Before you ship the system back, please contact us to receive the
necessary transport and shipping information.

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2.2 Explanation of Symbols
Symbol
Description
Important or helpful notice
Caution. Please follow the instructions carefully to prevent
equipment damage or personal injury.
DC-current
AC-current
Ground
2.3 Explanation of Terms
Term
Description
MCB
Module Control Board
DCB
Detector Control Board
DAC
Digital to Analog Converter
2.4 Use of the PILATUS 1M
The PILATUS 1M detector system has been designed for the detection of X-
rays from synchrotrons or laboratory sources.
It is intended for indoor use only.
For other applications, please contact DECTRIS for additional information.
Do not use the detector in vacuum
The PC can be mounted in a standard 19 inch rack, which has to be properly
grounded.
Make sure that the PC has adequate ventilation.

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3 Technical specification
Number of modules
2 x 5 = 10
Sensor
Reverse-biased silicon diode array
Sensor thickness
320 µm 450 µm
3 keV: 48%
8 keV: 95%
15 keV: 51%
3 keV: 48%
8 keV: 96%
15 keV: 64%
Pixel size
172 x 172 µm2
Module size
83.8 x 33.5 mm2
Format
981 x 1043 = 1’023’183 pixels
Area
169 x 179 mm2
Intermodule gap
x: 7 pixels, y: 17 pixels, 8.4% of total area
Dynamic range
20 Bits = 1’048’576
Counting rate per pixel
> 2x106X-ray/sec
Energy range
4.5 –36 keV
Energy resolution
500 eV
Adjustable threshold range
4 - 18 keV
Threshold dispersion
50 eV
Readout time
2.3 ms
Framing rate
30 Hz
Point-spread function
1 pixel
Data formats
Raw data, TIF, EDF, CBF
External trigger/gate
3.3 –5V, 3 different modes
Software interface
Through socket connection;
Clients for EPICS, SPEC and stand-alone
operation are available
Cooling
Water-cooled
Operating temperature (internal)
23°C
Dimensions (W x H x D)
325 x 336 x 458 mm3
Weight
Approx. 25 kg

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3.1 Ratings
Device
Definition
Detector
Power Input
100 - 240 VAC, 50-60 Hz, 120 Watt
Can be connected to all common supply
voltages.
Detector
External Trigger Input
2.0 V - 5.0 V High level
0.0 V - 0.8 V Low level
50 Ohm Impedance
Trigger Signal … to internal circuit
5.0 V absolute maximum
Applying a higher voltage will destroy
the input.
Detector
Enable output
5 V TTL (max. 100 mA)
PC
100 - 240 VAC; 12 A
50/60 Hz
870 Watt
Hot-Plug Power Supplies
Can be connected to all common supply
voltages.
Cooling unit
230V, 50Hz
Power Input: 2000W
Flow: 14 l/min
Pressure: 0.5 bar

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3.2 Ambient Conditions
The PILATUS 1M detector is designed only for indoor use. The following
ambient conditions must be fulfilled:
Condition
Range
Operating temperature:
+20° to +35° C
Operating humidity:
80% at 20° C, non-condensing
Storage temperature
+15° to +40° C
Storage humidity
< 40% at 20° C, non-condensing
Note that the interior humidity under operating conditions must be
< 25%, see section 6.
When storing the detector make sure the temperature and humidity
inside the transport box doesn’t exceed the specified range. Use drying agent.
If the detector system is stored at low temperature, make sure that
no condensation moisture develops.
The PILATUS 1M is equipped with a temperature and humidity
control, see section 6.

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4 Dimensions and Connectors
Figure 1. Drawing of the PILATUS 1M detector (printed separately in the user
documentation folder)

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4.1 Pilatus 1M Detector
4.1.1 Front Side of the Detector
The detector comes with a protective cover (1.4 mm, low carbon steel sheet
metal 1.0330, St12) for the front window which should be removed for
operation. The sensors are behind a 12 µm thick Mylar ® (PET) foil coated
with 100 nm aluminum to protect it from dust and touch.
The cover has a mounting edge on top and can be removed by carefully
pulling at the bottom and lifting it away.
When mounting the cover, make sure it is first hooked on the mounting edge
centered and then slowly lowered.
Do not touch the Mylar ® foil.
The cover may not protect the detector from direct synchrotron
beam.
Figure 2. PILATUS 1M detector with cover in place (front view)

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Figure 3. PILATUS 1M detector with cover removed (front view)

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4.1.2 Backside of the Detector
Figure 4. PILATUS 1M detector viewed from the back
4.1.3 The status LEDs
LED
Description
Power
If green, all supply voltages are ok.
If red, module power is off.
This can be caused by over/under temperature, too
much humidity or too high module current (One or more
modules may come into oscillations, see section 11).
Temp
Normally green. Turns red when the detector
temperature or humidity is out of the limits (see section
6).
EN
Yellow, detector is making an exposure.

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4.1.4 Connectors and Connecting Cables/Pipes
Connector
Description
DATA 1 (D1)
Data connection 1
Cable:
Use only the included cable. Custom made cables or
connectors will not work.
Minimum bending radius in a fix installation: 5
times the cable diameter. Minimum bending radius in a
flexible installation: 15 times the cable diameter.
Details of pins:
Power
Main voltage 100 –240 VAC; 50/60 Hz, Fuse 6.3A
UL recognized to UL 60950/CSA 22.2 No. 60950-00, and
TUV approved to EN 60950-1
Cable:
Power cable with an IEC/C13 connector.
EXT IN
External Trigger Input
Use a Lemo ® Type 00 (NIM-CAMAC) cable.
For ratings see 3.1
EN OUT
TTL output signal; high when counting is enabled.
Use a Lemo ® Type 00 (NIM-CAMAC) cable.
For ratings see 3.1

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Connector
Description
Ground
Functional ground of the detector system.
Although the detector might be grounded via
the mounting bolts, the detector can be grounded
additionally via the functional ground connector at the
back (M6 screw-in tap hole) to establish a defined
grounding.
N2
Nitrogen for humidity control.
For details see section 5.4.
Pipe:
Use a pipe with outer diameter of 6 mm and an inner
diameter of 4 mm (e.g: Legris Type 1025U06).
Di-H2O
Use deionized water for cooling.
Pipes:
Use for inlet and outlet a pipe with an inner diameter of 9
mm.
The fixation pieces and the transport hook are stored on the back of the
detector.

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4.2 Computer
The computer is a high power server with a proprietary data acquisition card
to communicate with the detector.
The PC should be kept behind a firewall and should not have
outside internet access.
The operating system is optimized for high speed data acquisition
and has a custom kernel: Therefore, do not permit any software upgrades on
the kernel!
Do not install or run any other software on the computer, except as
tools and software necessary to configure your data acquisition protocol.
Figure 5. Connectors at the PCI Mezzanine Card for data acquisition
Connector
Description
RX
Receive data
TX
Transmit data

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4.3 Cooling Unit
The PILATUS 1M detector system is equipped with a cooling unit for
temperature stabilization of the detector head.
The tubes and the detector are equipped with self-sealing valves to avoid
dripping when connecting or disconnecting the tubes. There is no fixed
limitation on the length of the tubing.
Figure 6. Connection for cooling tubes on the Pilatus 1M detector
Before operating the cooling unit, please read the user manual of
the cooling unit.
When connecting or disconnecting the cooling hoses, turn off the
detector and the cooling unit.
When operating the detector, the cooling unit must be always on.
Use opaque tubing to avoid the growth of algae.
Operating
temperature
The cooling unit has always to be set to a temperature of
23°C.
Operating
pressure
0.5 bar
Do not set the temperature of the cooling unit below the
recommended operating temperature. Condensing moisture can develop and
damage the detector.

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5 Installing the Detector System
5.1 Carrying
The detector has been delivered in a robust transport box. Please keep this
transport box for transport or storage purpose.
The detector has a transport hook which has to be used for carrying the
detector.
Figure 7. PILATUS 1M with mounted transport hook
Only use an appropriate lifting device with a carrying capacity of at
least 25 kg to move the detector
The handles on the side of the detector are only for positioning not
for lifting.
Make sure the detector is always moved by 2 persons
When using the transport hook, make sure it is properly tightened
When moving the detector, make sure the protection cover is
mounted

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Figure 8. The transport hook and the fixation pieces are stored at the back of the
detector

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5.2 Mounting
The detector can be mounted in two ways:
5.2.1 Mounting from Above
Use the detachable mounting pieces, which are stored on the back of the
detector. These mounting pieces have to be mounted on the base plate of the
detector.
Make sure the mounting pieces are mounted and properly tightened
Figure 9. Mounting from above, bottom view
Mounting points when mounting from the top

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5.2.2 Mounting from Below
From below with four M6 bolts.
Figure 10. Mounting from below, bottom view
The four M6 bolts should not intrude into the detector more than 16
mm.
Make sure the detector is properly mounted.
Make sure the detector has enough space for proper ventilation
(minimum wall distance: 170 mm). Do not operate the detector in a closed
environment.
Mounting points when mounting from the bottom