Desco 19780 Service manual

TB-3014 5/02 Page 1 of 5

Surface Resistance Test Kit

Operation and Maintenance

Figure 1. Item 19780 Surface Resistance Test Kit

Description

The Surface Resistance Test Kit is a portable, accurate, and

versatile instrument designed to measure resistance

between two points (RTT), surface to ground (RTG), and

surface resistivity in accordance with ESD Association

Standard S4.1 including:

• Resistance measuring accuracy ± 10%

(E12 & greater ±20%)

• Resistance range <1.0 x 103ohms to >1012 ohms

• Open circuit voltages of 10 and 100 volts ± 3%

• Electrification period of 15 seconds

• Electrodes (two) 5 pounds ± 2 oz with 50-70 durometer

conductive pads

In addition, the Meter measures ambient temperature and

relative humidity.

The Surface Resistance Test Kit (or its Meter) is referenced

and designed to be used to make measurements in

accordance with the test methods in:

• Worksurfaces - ESD S4.1 Worksurfaces - Resistance

Measurements

• Floors - ANSI/ESD S7.1- Resistive Characterization of

Materials Floor Materials

• Footwear - ESD S9.1 - Footwear -

Resistive Characterization

• Garments - ESD STM2.1 Garments

• Seating - ESD STM12.1- Seating -

Resistive Measurement

• Floor/Footwear - ESD STM97.1 -

Floor Materials and Footwear-

Resistance Measurement in

Combination with a Person

• Workstations - ESD-ADV53.1 -

ESD Protective Workstations

Versatility:

Measures RTT, RTG or Resistivity

(requires optional Resistivity Attachment,

item 19782)

• Quick Checks - Surface resistance exponent

number illuminates immediately i.e. 8 = 108ohms or

100,000,000 ohms

•Periodic Checks of Installed Products - Surface

resistance exponent number illuminates immediately and

displays Temperature and Relative Humidity during 15

second electrification period making numerous measure-

ments and calculations to then display mantissa i.e. if

LED displays 8 and LCD displaying 7.14 as mantissa =

7.14 x 108ohms or 714,000,000 ohms

•Test Lab Evaluation of Product - Display same as

Periodic Check above

ESD protective products should be tested:

A. Prior to installation to qualify for listing in user's ESD

control plan approved ESD protective materials (see

ANSI/ESD S20.20 paragraph 6.1.1.2)

B. During initial installation

C. For periodic checks of installed products as part of ESD

control plan compliance verification plan

Per ANSI/ESD S20.20, test equipment is required to enact

Compliance Verification Plan Requirement - "Test

equipment shall be selected to make measurements of

appropriate properties of the technical requirements that are

incorporated into the ESD program plan."

The Surface Resistance Test Kit is NIST calibrated and

items available are:

Model Description Power

19780 Surface Resistance Test Kit 2 x AA Batteries

19781 Meter (only) 2 x AA Batteries

19782 Resistivity Attachment N/A

A pair of 5-pound Electrodes (item 50003), and or a pair of

Test Leads (item 19783) can be bought separately.

DESCO WEST - 3651 Walnut Avenue, Chino, CA 91710 • (909) 627-8178 • Fax (909) 627-7449

DESCO EAST - 90 Hudson Road, Canton, MA 02021-1407 • (781) 821-8370 • Fax (781) 575-0172 • Web Site: http://www.desco.com

TECHNICAL BULLETIN TB-3014

Made in America

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TB-3014 Page 2 of 5

Figure 2. Features of the Surface Resistance Meter

DESCO WEST - 3651 Walnut Avenue, Chino, CA 91710 • (909) 627-8178 • Fax (909) 627-7449

DESCO EAST - 90 Hudson Road, Canton, MA 02021-1407 • (781) 821-8370 • Fax (781) 575-0172 • Web Site: http://www.desco.com

Electrification Period

The Surface Resistance Test Kit provides the proper

electrification period of 15 seconds per ESD S4.1, after

numerous readings and calculations are executed, then

displays surface resistance mantissa measurement (Note:

most analog type meters display measurements

instantaneously).

When the Test Button is depressed, the liquid crystal

display (LCD) will indicate:

• Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit

• Temperature in degrees Celsius

• Humidity as percentage

• Surface resistance mantissa (with exponent displayed via

LED, measurement in ohms)

Measurement being displayed is identified by the

illuminated function LED. The surface resistance exponent

(or power of number) is immediately illuminated and

remains illuminated measuring the range the surface

resistance in ohms.

Reference Literature

In addition to those noted above:

ANSI/ESD S20.20 - Development of ESD Control Program

ESD ADV1.0 - Glossary of Terms

ANSI EOS/ESD S6.1- Grounding

ANSI EOS/ESD S11.11 - Surface Resistivity

These documents can be obtained directly from the ESD

Association, 7902 Turin Rd., Suite 4, Rome, NY 13440-

2069, (315) 339-6937 or www.esda.org.

Other standards are available from the agencies who

produce them. MIL-HDBK 263A, EIA-IS-5-A, ASTM-F-150,

EN 100015, and EIA-625. If you need help in obtaining

these documents, please contact our customer service

department.

Inspection

Remove the meter from the carton and inspect for damage.

Each Surface Resistance Test Kit should include the

following:

1 Protective carrying case

1 Meter

2 Test leads

2 5-pound electrodes

2 AA alkaline batteries

Properly store the Meter and component assemblies when

not in use.

Features

A. LED Displays: Surface resistance exponent is displayed

via light emitting diodes illuminating 1/8" high number.

There are 12 LEDs displaying surface resistance exponent

measurement. They are color coded for quick checks:

Exponent Color

<3, 3 Red

4, 5 Green

6, 7, 8 Blue

9, 10, 11 Green

12, >12 Yellow

Five Function LED’s identify the measurement being

displayed (see B below).

• When battery voltage drops to approximately 2 volts, one

of the Function LED's to the right of the red pushbutton

switch will begin to flash, indicating the need to replace

batteries.

B. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD): Mantissa is displayed via

9/16" high liquid crystal display and provides easy to read

resistance (or resistivity) measurements.

When the Test Button is depressed, the LCD will indicate:

• Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit

• Temperature in degrees Celsius

• Humidity as percentage

• Surface resistance mantissa (with exponent displayed via

LED, measurement in ohms)

Surface resistance ohm values are expressed with a

mantissa and exponent or power of the number. For

example, if "8" is illuminated by its LED and the LCD

displays a mantissa of "7.14", the measurement is 7.14 x

108ohms or 714,000,000 ohms

If surface is over 1012 ohms, the following will appear:

• "1____" on the LCD display indicate Overrange or that

the reading exceeds the display capabilities

C. Test Button: This red button activates electrical power

to the Meter. The exponent or power of the number is

displayed immediately with LED illuminating number. If "8"

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TB-3014 Page 3 of 5

DESCO WEST - 3651 Walnut Avenue, Chino, CA 91710 • (909) 627-8178 • Fax (909) 627-7449

DESCO EAST - 90 Hudson Road, Canton, MA 02021-1407 • (781) 821-8370 • Fax (781) 575-0172 • Web Site: http://www.desco.com

is illuminated, the measurement is in the 108or 10E8 ohm

range. To make a measurement in accordance with ESD

S4.1, the button is to be depressed for 10-20 seconds for

the unit to make numerous readings and calculations.

(Testing in accordance with ESD S4.1-1997 requires 15

seconds of electrification; in contrast, most analog type

meters display measurements instantaneously.) The LCD

will display temperature (F), then temperature (C), then

relative humidity, and then the surface resistance mantissa.

For example, if the LCD displays a mantissa of "7.14", and

"8" is illuminates by its LED, the measurement is 7.14 x 108

ohms or 714,000,000 ohms.

During the entire period, surface resistance exponent will be

displayed by LED illuminating number.

D. Override Test Range Voltage Button: When in the “up”

position, during resistance portion of test, Meter will

automatically switch to the correct voltage for the resistance

range. LED will illuminate noting selected voltage.

Conductive material 105ohms or less should be measured

at 10 volts. Dissipative material 106or greater ohms

should be tested at 100 volts. The button is a switch, which

if depressed will override automatic voltage selection and

test will be performed at 10 volts regardless of resistance

level.

E. Jacks: One end of Test Leads has 3.5mm plug (fits

Meter left jack). The 3.5mm plug is shielded (identified by

insulated tip and barrel black lead) - see RTG test

procedure: Per ESD S4.1 "The sensing lead of the

resistance meter shall be connected to groundable point."

One end of Test Lead has standard banana plug (fits 5#

Electrode jack).

F. AA Battery Compartment.

G. Resistivity Parallel Attachment with Electrodes.

(optional Item number 19782)

Cleaning

Per ESD S4.1 "Clean the electrodes with a minimum 70%

isopropanol-water solution." Make sure conductive pads are

dry prior to use.

See specific product test standard for test lab specimen

cleaning instructions. Per ESD S4.1 Worksurfaces "The

test specimens and electrodes shall be cleaned twice with a

minimum 70% isopropanol-water solution using a clean,

low-linting cloth each time." (Note: then conditioned for 72

hours, minimum.)

For installed product periodic testing, do not clean surfaces.

However, if any measurements lie outside acceptable range,

then clean the surface and re-test. (Note: for worksurfaces,

use Desco Reztore™ Antistatic Surface and Mat Cleaner

(item 10435) or other ESD cleaner not containing silicone.

Be sure the surface is dry before testing.

Power Requirements

The Meter is powered by two replaceable alkaline AA

batteries.

Battery Replacement

Depress buttons on both sides of bottom end cap of meter

housing. Remove cap, press on right edge of protruding

battery door, unlatching it, and swing door open. Carefully

replace batteries with alkaline Type AA. Polarity must be

correct or damage may occur. Close battery door and re-

install bottom end cap on meter housing.

Test Procedure

General Guidelines:

• Use both 5# Electrodes for RTT

• Use one 5# Electrode and one lead to groundable point

for RTG (note: groundable points are usually snaps

installed on the material or workstation)

• Use optional Resistivity Attachment (removing leads &

electrodes) for Resistivity measurements

• Ensure that item being measured is electrically isolated

(i.e. placed on an insulative surface) as Meter will

measure lowest resistance path

• Ensure that test leads are separated or Meter may

measure lower resistance path

• When using 5# Electrodes:

• Place no closer than 2" from edge of surface being

measured

• Place no closer than 3" to any groundable point

• Place 5# Electrodes 10" apart for RTT

• Preferred placements include: most commonly used

surface portion, most worn, center, and furthest from

groundable point.

• For RTG, connect the sensing lead with shielded plug

to groundable point

• If surface has sections (like floor tiles or garment panels),

for RTT place a 5 pound electrodes on different sections

• Clean surface for Test Lab, but do not initially clean

surface for installed products (if fails, clean and retest).

Test Lab Test Procedure Guideline

For test lab use of ESD Worksurfaces, Floor Materials,

Footwear, Garments, or Seating, best advice is to follow

procedures in applicable ESD Association standards (see

above) which include details regarding:

• Cleaning (For example per S4.1 "The test specimens and

electrodes shall be cleaned twice with a minimum 70%

isopropanol-water solution using a clean, low-linting cloth

each time). Allow to dry.

• Environmental chamber (For example per S4.1 control

relative humidity to 12 ±3% RH and 50 ±5% RH and

temperature to 23 ±1 degrees C)

• Specimen support surface (For example per S4.1 greater

than 1.0 x 1012 ohms such as PMMA, PTFE or

polycarbonate)

• Specimen Pre-Conditioning (For example per S4.1 at 23

±1 degrees C; 3 specimens at 12 ±3% relative humidity

for up to 72 hours minimum, and 3 specimens at 50 ±5%

relative humidity for up to 72 hours minimum)

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TB-3014 Page 4 of 5

DESCO WEST - 3651 Walnut Avenue, Chino, CA 91710 • (909) 627-8178 • Fax (909) 627-7449

DESCO EAST - 90 Hudson Road, Canton, MA 02021-1407 • (781) 821-8370 • Fax (781) 575-0172 • Web Site: http://www.desco.com

• Reporting Test Results, for example per S4.1 Reporting

Test Results, Report:

• Minimum, median and maximum readings for both

resistance-to-groundable point and point-to-point

resistance in ohms at low relative humidity

• Minimum, median and maximum readings for both

resistance-to-groundable point and point-to-point

resistance in ohms at moderate relative humidity

• Temperature

• Relative humidity

• Actual duration of conditioning

• Test equipment used

Periodic Checks of Installed Product Test

Procedure Guideline

Measure RTG Resistance to Ground

Test Procedure in accordance with ESD S4.1 paragraph 6.4

Periodic Worksurface Testing:

• Do not clean the surface

• Remove from the surface only those items that might

interfere with the test.

• ESD sensitive devices shall also be removed

• Clip the sensing test lead with shielded plug to

groundable point connected to ground

• Use one 5# Electrode on other test lead and place

Electrode the farthest convenient point on the surface

• Press button and hold Test Button until measurement is

displayed

• Perform additional measurements placing Electrode on

the most commonly used or most worn area

If measurement is outside acceptable limits, clean surface

and retest to determine if cause of failure is insulative dirt

layer or the ESD protective product. Note: Use an ESD

cleaner containing no insulative silicone (i.e. Reztore™

Antistatic Surface and Mat Cleaner).

Figure 4. Setting up for RTG testing.

Measure RTT Resistance Between Two Points

on the Surface

• Do not clean the surface

• Remove from the surface only those items that might

interfere with the test.

• ESD sensitive devices shall also be removed

• Use two 5# Electrodes, place in the most commonly used

portion of the surface 10" apart (2" from any edge, 3"

from any groundable point)

• Press button and hold Test Button until measurement is

displayed

• If the most used portion is not obvious, use two points

near the center of the surface

If measurement is outside acceptable limits, clean surface &

retest to determine if cause of failure is insulative dirt layer

or the ESD protective product. Note: Use an ESD cleaner

containing no insulative silicone (i.e. Reztore™ Antistatic

Surface and Mat Cleaner)

Figure 5. Setting up for RTT testing.

Reporting and Using Test Results

Different standards have different requirements; use

requirements as specified in user's ESD control plan.

Examples are:

Per ESD 4.1 (worksurfaces), Report:

• RTG maximum and minimum values measured for

resistance-to-ground

• RTT maximum and minimum values measured for point-

to-point resistance in ohms

Per ESD 7.1 (floors) Report:

• RTG all values in ohms for resistance to ground

• RTT all values in ohms for point-to-point resistance

• Voltage level

• Test date

• Temperature

• Relative humidity

• Test equipment used

Summarize test data by reporting minimum, maximum,

median, and mean values obtained. Include a diagram

showing approximate electrode positions and ground

connections used.

Recommended Frequency of Periodic Checks

of Installed Products

Note: "The frequency of periodic testing is normally

specified in corporate operating procedures. …The

frequency of testing is driven by the amount of risk

exposure that can occur between tests. For, example, what

is the quantity of product handled between test periods?"

(See ESD Handbook TR 20.20) However, a common guide

would be:

•W

orksurface - at least quarterly (see TR 20.20 paragraph

5.3.1.13 Periodic Tests)

10"

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Limited Warranty

Desco expressly warrants that for a period of one (1) year from the date of

purchase, Desco Test Kits will be free of defects in material (parts) and

workmanship (labor). Within the warranty period, the product will be tested,

repaired, or replaced at Desco’s option, free of charge. Call our Customer

Service Department at 909-627-8178 (Chino, CA) or 781- 821-8370 (Canton,

MA) for a Return Material Authorization (RMA) and proper shipping instructions

and address. Include a copy of your original packing slip, invoice, or other

proof of purchase date. Any unit under warranty should be shipped prepaid to

the Desco factory.Warranty repairs will take approximately two weeks.

If your unit is out of warranty call Customer Service at 909-627-8178 (Chino,

CA) or 781-821-8370 (Canton, MA) for a Return Material Authorization (RMA)

and proper shipping instructions and address. Desco will quote repair charges

necessary to bring your unit up to factory standards.

Warranty Exclusions

THE FOREGOING EXPRESS WARRANTY IS MADE IN LIEU OF ALL

OTHER PRODUCT WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED AND IMPLIED,

INCLUDING MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR

PURPOSE WHICH ARE SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMED. The express

warranty will not apply to defects or damage due to accidents, neglect,

misuse, alterations, operator error, or failure to properly maintain, clean or

repair products.

Limit of Liability

In no event will Desco or any seller be responsible or liable for any injury, loss

or damage, direct or consequential, arising out of the use of or the inability to

use the product. Before using, users shall determine the suitability of the

product for their intended use, and users assume all risk and liability

whatsoever in connection therewith.

TB-3014 Page 5 of 5

Employee Owned

DESCO WEST - 3651 Walnut Avenue, Chino, CA 91710 • (909) 627-8178 • Fax (909) 627-7449

DESCO EAST - 90 Hudson Road, Canton, MA 02021-1407 • (781) 821-8370 • Fax (781) 575-0172 • Web Site: http://www.desco.com

• Footwear - "Incoming inspection on a lot sampling basis

should be performed for all static control footwear." (see

TR 20.20 paragraph 5.3.3.4 Testing)

• Floor - "The types of monitoring and type of equipment

are considerations. In some cases, a simple electrical

resistance test with a megohmmeter may suffice. In

others, a static charge generation test may be required."

(see TR 20.20 paragraph 5.3.4.13 Performance

Monitoring)

• Seating - "The recommended electrical resistance range

for seating is less than 1 x 109ohms as tested in

accordance with ESD STM 12.1. This value should be

during acceptance testing, installation and periodically

thereafter." (see TR 20.20 paragraph 5.3.5.3 Testing)

• Garments - "To maintain process control, it is imperative

that the garment be tested per ESD STM 2.1. The point

to point and sleeve to sleeve resistance test should be

made." (see TR 20.20 paragraph 5.3.13.3.1.8 Periodic

Testing)

Surface Resistivity

Theoretically Resistivity is 10 times greater than

Resistance, i.e. a material that measures 107ohms RTT,

Surface Resistivity should measure 108ohms/square.*

Ref: ESD S11.11 paragraph 12.0 Conversion to Resistivity

states, "When it is appropriate to convert a resistance

obtained by this test method to an equivalent resistivity in

ohms per square, multiply the resistance measurements

obtained by this method by 10. The conversion factor of 10

is derived from the geometry of the electrode assembly."

No conversion is required with the Surface Resistance Test

Kit. The Meter incorporates provision to install optional

Resistivity Attachment which has parallel electrodes on

bottom of the unit to make direct surface resistivity

measurements. These parallel electrodes allow for

measurement of resistivity or when quick testing without the

use of 5 pound electrodes is desired.

*Note: Currently, there is discussion within the ESD

Association if the proper unit of measurement of resistivity

is ohms or ohms/square. S11.11-1993 uses ohms/square.

Battery Life: Approximately 1,500 measurements

Resistivity Electrodes: Two parallel conductive silicone

rubber electrodes (optional item)

External Electrodes: Two 5-pound (±2 oz) weighted

electrodes, 2.5" in diameter, complies with ESD-S4.1

Display: One 3.5 digit .500" Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

Display and seventeen Light Emitting Diodes (LED's)

illuminate exponent numbers and function being performed.

Accuracy: Resistance measurements within ±10% (E12 &

greater ±20%), complies with ESD-S4.1. Open circuit

voltages of 10 volts ± 3% and 100 volts ± 3% exceeds

requirements of ESD-S4.1

Meter Weight: 15.5 oz.

Dimensions: 8"L x 4.3"W x 1.6"H

Test Switch: Press the red test button for 15-20 second

electrification period. Meter will immediately display surface

resistance exponent via LED. LCD will display temperature

(both Fahrenheit & Celsius), then humidity, and after taking

numerous readings and making numerous calculations

display surface resistance mantissa.

Note: Reporting test results, you may want to record the

resistance, humidity, temperature, and test voltage.

Maintenance

Your Surface Resistance Test Kit will require little

maintenance, and there are no user serviceable parts. If

your Meter requires service beyond cleaning the Electrodes

or replacing the batteries, please contact the factory.

Calibration

The Surface Resistance Test Kit is calibrated to NIST

traceable standards. Most users require calibration

annually. Please call our Customer Service Department at

909-627-8178 (Chino, CA) or 781-821-8370 (Canton, MA)

for details. In-house calibration can be performed by using

1% resistors in each of the meter ranges. Simply attach the

resistors to the enclosed cords using grounding clips and

recording the meter display. Keep the cords separated.

Should adjustment be necessary, it is recommended that

the unit be returned to the factory as access to internal

adjustments requires special equipment and test cables.

Specifications

Ranges: 1 x 103- 1 x 1012 ohms @ 10 Volts

complies with ESD-S4.1

1x106- 1x1012 ohms @ 100 Volts complies with ESD-S4.1

Power Supply: Two AA alkaline batteries

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